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-NEW EDUCATIONAL PATWAY FOR GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY-
(1)
South Eastern Europe (SEE)PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
SUPERCOURSE NETWORK
Elisaveta Stikova, Ronald LaPorte, Faina Linkov, Margaret Potter, David Piposzar, Sam Stebbins
SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse Network
Learning objectives Enlighten public health importance of
disasters Increase knowledge about epidemiological
aspects of main disasters and their public health consequences
Classify emergencies and disasters using relevant definitions and criteria
List and describe different phases of disaster management
SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse Network
Elisaveta-Jasna Stikova Present position
1991-Present, Professor, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Medical faculty, Skopje, Macedonia (courses taught: Occupational Health, Public Health, Medical Ecology, Hygiene)
2002 – Present, Advisor in the National Public Health Institute, Skopje, Macedonia
2009 – Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Pittsburg University, Graduate School of Public Health – New Educational Pathway for Global Public Heath Security
SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse Network
Co-Authors and collaborators: Ronald E. LaPorte, PhD, UPGSPH, Director,
Disease Monitoring and Telecommunication, WHO Collaborating Center
Faina Linkov, PhD, Assistant Professor, Cancer Institute
Margaret Potter, JD, MS, Associate Dean and Director, UPGSPH, Center for Public Health Practice
David Piposzar, MPH, UPGSPH, PPLI Co-director Sam Stebbins, MD, MPH, UPCPHP Principal
Investigator/Director, Center for Public Health Preparedness
Global Public Health Threats in 21th Century
Emerging and epidemic prone diseases Environmental changes and natural
disasters Human-made (technological) disasters Chemical, biological and radiological terror
threats International crises and humanitarian
emergencies
World Health Day 2007 debate on International Health Security
The uncertainty and destructive potential of public health threats gives them a high public and political profile
When the world is collectively at risk, defence becomes a shared responsibility of all nations.
Dr Margaret ChanDirector-General of the WHO
Why SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse
Network?
Public health threats are many and diverse, they are multiplying and moving faster than even before going far beyond the national borders
They present new challenges and require an urgent and collaborative response
Strengthening of public health preparedness, planning and timely response are ultimate goals to minimize human suffering caused by global public health threats
Why SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse
Network?
Achievement of this goal needs development of public health experts’ networking, new knowledge and skills.
New SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse Network would prevent public health threats and protect human health by networking of scientists, experts and students from SEE region
www.pitt.edu/~super1/
Question! How can we improve public health
preparedness education worldwide?Answer! Get better lectures
Why don’t we share our most exciting PowerPoint lectures for free?
Disaster Supercourse is highly valuable tools
presenting: network of 64000 scientists from 174
countries set of 3623 lecture in 26 languages
270 Disaster Lectures from 50 countries 1 Nobel Prize winner 75% full professors 52 countries
Disasters as a asymmetric threats
The component of asymmetric attacks are: Unpredictable Disruptive Unexpected Targeting weaknesses Impossible to conceived before event Threats to Military, Government, Civilians,
Information Infrastructure
Disasters are asymmetric threats
SEE Public Health Preparedness Supercourse lecture for asymmetric
threats
Public Health Preparedness Network would offer:
Rapid contact of Supercourse Network’s expert Rapid Just In Time development of customized
lectures created by experts with vetting Rapid dissemination Continuously updated learning as crisis enfolds Expert reach back
Where public health threats come from?
Speed and volume of travel and trade
Occurrence of new and reemerging pathogens
Environmental degradation
Natural disasters Terrorism
Hazard classification: natural hazards
ORIGIN PHENOMENA/EXAMPLES
Hydrometeorological hazards
Foods, debris and mudflows Tropical cyclones, storm surges,
wind, rain Drought, wild land fires, temperature extremes,
Permafrost, snow avalanches
Geological hazards Earthquakes, tsunamis Volcanic activity and emissions Mass movements, landslides,
rockslides, surface collapse,
Biological hazards Outbreaks of epidemic diseases,
plant or animal contagion and extensive infestations
Hazard classification -technological and environmental
related-
T E C H N O L O G I C A L H A Z A R D S•technological of industrial accidents (explosions, fires, spills)•infrastructure failures •industrial pollution•nuclear release and radioactivity•toxic waste, dam failure, transport
E N V I R O N M E N T A L D E G R A D A T I O N: •land degradation•deforestation•desertification•wild land fires•land, water and air pollution, •climate change•ozone depletion.
Emerging and epidemic prone diseases
From 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2006, WHO identified: 2031 events of potential international
public health concern 290 in the WHO European Region
2.44 million people live with HIV/AIDS 450 000 infected and 69000 deaths of TB 70 000 multy drug-resistant TBC every
year
Selected infectious diseases, 39 new emerging pathogens from 1973-2000
Confirm cases of A/H5N1 Avian Influenza
Classification of natural disaster
1483 events reported between 1990-2006
42 millions affected; 98119 killed people
More than 130 billion euros economic lost
Natural disasters
Biological Geophysical Climatological MeteorologicalHydrological
Epidemics Insects infestations
Animal attacks
EarthquakesVolcanoes
DroughtsHigh temperatures
Wildfires
FloodsMass movements Storms
Natural disasters and accidents in Europe, 1990-2006
Type Number Deaths Affected Cost
Flood 344 3 593 11566 509 66093052
Extreme t 0 112 52119 1 389 529 9024788
Drought 31 2 14 865 575 14297309
Wildfire 58 228 286 969 3540357
Earthquake 102 21840 5 875 138 30225449
Accidents 609 16856 137 638 11697048
Avalanche 57 2084 90 196 156589
Windstorm 170 1397 8 063 234 33114822
Total 1483 98119 42274 788 168149414
Natural disasters around the world, 2007
Natural disasters by groups and their impact, 2007
26
54
229
105
Occurence
16312
4597
24517
29559
Damages*
Legend:
Geophysical
Meteorological
Climatological
Hydrological
177932428
8052520125118723980280
Victims
Macedonia
48,8 %
China Rep.
120 117 437
India
38 145 269
Lesotho
19,4%
Zimbabwe
18%
Bangladesh
14,4%
Zambia
12,8%
Dominica
10,5%
China Rep
9,1%
Bolivia
8,4%
Belize6,4%
Bangladesh
22 935 841
Zimbabwe
2 117 207
Philippines
2 023 221
Mexico
1 858 058
Pakistan
1 653 622
Veit Nam
1 647 928
Columbia
1 613 736
Zambia
1 553 536
Swaziland
35,4%
Geophysical
Climatological
Hydrological
Meteorologic
120 100 80 60 40 20 10 20 30 40 50
10 top countries by victims, 2007
Legend:
Bulgaria Romania
United Kingdom
Macedonia
Spain
Grece
Germany France Russia
Austria Italy Croatia Slovenia Ukraine Serbia
Poland Albania
Belgium Slovakia Canary Is.Montenegro
Moldavia Rep.
Czech Rep.
Netherlands Hungary
Occurence
Victims per 1000
inhabitant
Victims
Switzerland
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
488
62
6
10 100 1000 10000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000
Thematic frame: Extra tropical cyclone Kyrill - damages
Country Damages 2007 US$ (‘000)Germany 5 500 000
United Kingdom 1 200 000
Netherlands 550 000
Belgium 450 000
Austria 400 000
France 250 000
Czech Rep. 150 000
Denmark 100 000
Poland 100 000
Slovenia 100 000
Switzerland 100 000
Total 9 010 000
Disaster mortality in relation to development status
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
low income middle income high income
Deаths/1000 population
Distribution of technological accidents by type, 1980–2002
Fire26%
Release into air
43%
Explosion24%
Other1%
Water contamination
6%
Sites of major technological accidents (1998–2002)
Toxic spoil from mining activities
Industrial accidents
• Fertiliser factory explosion in Toulouse, 2001
• 2400 injured
• 22 killed
Climate changes
Background information: Health consequences of floods in
Europe
Background information: do not forget chronic diseases-epidemiological
transition
Background information: do not forget crises and humanitarian
emergencies