e

"c:dist in porfcction without a tr1\i11cd pcrm11nc11t. "lull', an 1111prnfitablo cxpcnrlituro u ofpublio money ooiug ofLCn tho con;;oqucnco of di ... pcn,.,ing with it."

Cavalry.

I >ontun• lo clo11liL whether Canada could supply /'iO ln1·go or ofllcicnt n body of <'m·nlry n11 h.1~ uocn by ... omo imn~incd, who i~noro tho fact that CanadinrH n1·0 not n nation of h111· cmon. Toronto, Ouawa, ·'lontroal und llnouoc aro tho onl) pl:u·o,; whcro foxhou 1Is1u·o tl_illowo I. 'l'ho Inn~, hart! winlor ncco,,..itatos <friv1n•' in a woll furrc<l i.ll'i~h rnthor than riding, and in isumrnor fasL-tl'Ottin~ i-ulkio~ "a1·0 mo ro prO\"alo11t than backs. .Nc\·erthclcss tho yooman <·nva I 1·.~· of 011 tario and alon•r t.ho Unitl•d Statc:1 frontiers of Quebec and Xow Bl'llmnviclc havo bcforo now <lono'=' gooc.l t-cn·i<'o as outpo:;ts; the cyos, cnr::l, foclors and veil of nn nrrny.

'l hey hn\"O able nu I enthusiastic l':w:ilry lc:ulors in such m1•n as Colonel Donni:ion of E .. ny l'Clobrity, Colonel:; fo1·-.yth , Tum hull, L<wolat·o, Sa11n<lo1·s and others. '

Tho l'C11111h'y troops are of course roug-h in appournncecornp:1rod to thQ:ieofcitios who h!1ve moro op1nrtunitios fur <li,;mounted drilb, whilo t.hoi1· 1>adJl01·\' and appoint­ments nrc kept in better order. Tho rural t1·oop:, from their knowlc<lgo of tho conn try a1 • of cour"'ll better s cont-..

Artillery.

T?o nrtillery is por?aps tho m·m. in w~ich tho natural military proclivities of Cn~n?rnn-. nppenr at thorr best. Their offic1_on cy compnr·od wiLh tho short period of trn111111~ _hns beoo a constant source of 1;111:pnso to ~e. Tho p1·acticnl mobility of tho :field art11lo1·y of !'mull countr! towns ~-; due to its popula1·ity am0ng tho sons or yeomen farmers who enrol thou· own pair ot honws and enlist n.-; <l1·1vors. 'l'hoit· tiri;t :1ppc:1rance woul.u. P?rhaps bo painful .to the hyporcritieal glanco of~' Hoyal Arh lllH)'1nnn, but fnmrlrnr1ty would toacb h~m that, gi,·o them time, and th ey will get 1ho1r.gun.s nl~ost nnyw_here for you; ~hon· Officer·s would tioloct good no,itions, a!l~l tho tire, Judging by their targo_t pr~ctrco, would be very fuirly cff\)ctivo. Tho c1tw., n_aturnlly pr·oduco the most •.ntellrgcnt gunner!'!, as tho 1·ur:il dist1·ict.s do tho best. d1wcra. ~b~ system ?fsc!ectrng. artillery mnrkamon fo:;tere<l by tho D ominion ArL1llery Assoc1atron, and mtroduced into the Canadian ~[ilitia bofu1·0 it tixi:sted in Engl_nnd, ha". I think, prod~ced .•ery good resultfl. I trust I may Le excused for­quotmg my own repor\ which gn·e:1 a rlsumi of the S'Ubjoct :-

Extrad& from Report of the Dominion Inspector of Artill~ry.

" Field Artillery Generally.

" Considerin £r tho !<mall cost to the Government nnd tho consequent short period 11

nllvwod for trai11 11g-l6 days-I con:iicler tho Oan~1diun Uilit.ia l.<'1cld Artillol'y in "a remarkable stuto of efficiency. I trust tho numuor of hor:1o:i will bo i11cro<l::lod to ~ Rix per gun, \\ ~th three sparo in case of ncci<lonts, mo.king a total of .J5 ho1·:,os pur " hattcry. 'I'he !Ahno. o~ black leathor g~iiters up to tho knoo antl stra.ppoJ spurs to

ffiOUnlotl llOfl·C-Ommh,.,IOned OffiCOL'ri and men thoucrh npfJ!l.l'Olltly a tl'itlina mntlOI' " Id i h · 1 0

b • • wou tll'H mnc to efficiency; the trou-.or:i of'Lon without blrap,; wl'inklo up '

1 t?'!ards tho ~nee~. un-.ightly in npponrnnco; ti1oy would gall tho I~" of a man

:: rid ing a_ny d1~tance .. The deficient und irreg ular 1>upply of whips an<l 8£urs rondo1·s gool drn mg 1mpOIJ51blo1 nnll ha:i been a i;ourco of ncci<lont as at llamilton Ont.

:: when a. g1~n .te:trn going up a 11~c~r in_clino. co_uld nc.t be k ept up to tho coll~r, anJ "~r:c prec ptt.ato<l down a dochv1ty1 10 this 10:1tanco, fortunately without 10 ... B of

289

" In tend of tho importation of tho cumbrou nm munition "·'•on " r ecommend tho adoption of a eyst.om of nu enlarged hmbor bnppl.) 1 m " with fowe1· hor es a nd loss difficulty in dr1vin •, &c., prop oJ by M "RA.

0

I \\0 Id h ndy,

r f.lli ,

:• 'l'ho Dominion Ai·tillory A ocintion ha 1 I think, hy producing pi tit. or " omubtion, boon largely conducive to the pre ont efilcioncy of tho fi Id rl1llory, "whilo tho systom of cflicicncy badge for u11pni<l drills has I con lor, I.} conduch " of good resu lts, cQpocinlly to the artillery iu cities and town . A omplcto J<'10M " Battery of I llbll·uct ion ni each of tlro gunnery schools i11 a bwlutoly ne o ary boforo " instruction in field movoments can bo givon."

In spit e of th o very ublo essay of .M ajor l folmos, Arljutant. of t11c ICingston Gunnery Scbool, I would not r ocommond a largo inc1·cnse to th e .Militia ficl 1 a rlil· lery, but would prefer to llCO whnt ii; nt present organized given douhlc tho po1iod of drill-32 <lay~ irht':ad of l G-an<l a proper equipment of nmmunilion 'rn •on or limbers issued. '£ho greatly incn•a otl rango and otlicioncy of infilntry fire do not, in my opinion, point to tho iulvisnbility of incrcnsiug our p:op rtion of guns to infantry a~ for·morly lai:l down i11 Europe. 'rho clo e char.1ctcr of tho c untry nnd tho badncs:; of roads in Canada would not, in my opinion, justify nny l go rncrease of field artillery. Bettor to r1.mdor thoroughly efficient what we huvc got. [n lif· fcront artillery or even goorl nrlillory ha<lly hnud!oo is only :m i11cumh1. nee.

I t m ight be thought .ndvi ablo to equip a few b. tlorics with mitrmll n , firin"' tho same ammunition as tho infantry, to net with cm·nlry nnd cnnbl · thorn to eize and hold an impo1·Lant poi11t; but until .•omo manufoctory for smnll-nrm urn monition is cstabli8hod in Canada, il would be msh to start un nrmamimt thnt would c II for n larg er rc:-orvc of what we b:wo to import a distanl:O of 4,UOO ruilei'1 \'ir., 6mnll arm ammunition.

'Vitb r egard to tho g11rr ison arti llo1·y, I mu-.t. again <tuoto my own report nnd that of my A.1:1sistant-1n;;poctor1 Lioutcn:in~Colonol Price L cwe" :-

" Garri:;on .Artillery Ge11eratly.

11 With t ho except ion of the Montreal and St. J ohn, N.B., Brigndos ofGnrrbon "Artillery, I have found tho gnrrison a rtillery in a very inefficient l'Ot1tlitio111 mainly , " I believe. fo r· wan t of a weapon on the efficacy of which they ca.11 rely, a~ lhoy " cannot on t ho ol. l ~mooth bores that cumber our woi·kri and d rill hcd . 'Pho intro­" d uction of Si r William Pallisor's comparntil-'oly inexpen i-ro system of oom·orti ng " our old cannon into ri fles in Oanadian work,,hops, at a co.,t of l '.?Ol. oach, the cost of " tho im port01l Pallisor gun boing ltiOl. cxcfu,..i>e of freight, i , in my opinion, tho "only tangible and pormanont moan,; of giving efficiency to thi!! imp r lant b :mob of 4< the ser vice, especially in oit io::. wboro both tho industiy, tho gun , nnd tho "U~ncr.s, " are mo t needed; and whcro inlclligont mecunnic:-1 may be found_ to forrn cnthu 1a. tic " arl illorymon to man t ho guns they for JC in the defence of tho city whe10 they lr~·o. "Judging hy w hat has tnkon pince in Gront Ilrit.'li1! 1 these rosnlt!lurcnot n .... :m!y "visionary for Canada. Hnvrng commanded tho Gunnery School for R • r•o Art.11-" lery a t Woolwich, from it~ inception until 1 loft for Cn11aua, it was my.duty to " recommon<l t ho adoption of tho Palliscr 64--poun ler for tho Hasorvo Art1llory of " Groat Britai n. The immediate iutc1·est 1"011:>00 by thi~ suooli lu lion (for I tho old " ' g ns·pipo anmi ' as tho oh,;oloto weapons were somowh:1t irrcvcutly tyloi L): the " m en who ~-roro

1

:;upposcd to fight them) rni ed tho cfficioncy of tho foi:co in a " mnnner incred ible to ono who did not witno-.;i it. 1'ho homu Jt.i en·o Art.1llcry or " Gre1t B ritain m ustor·s fi(l,000 fnirly trained ~unuors in n ldrtion to l~o roguls r " r cscn ·os of t ho Hoynl Ar·tillory. I 'vonltl c::imo:.tly plc:W for the <.'::tlen ion of tho " t1ys tom t o th is pnrt of tho E mpire.''

LioutcnanL-Colo11cl P r ico Low~ rcport:J :- . . " I r e •rot to find in the Halifax drill :.bed no ·tore." for shifting ord1 nnco ox~r­

" ci8C:l ; ii~ fact no upplinnco.s wherewith h> in ·truct or inlllrU3L th . 1 rtillor~·man tu 0 his work boyood a fow 32-poundcr i;mooth-boro gun:i mount.ell on t ra .. ·01, rng plnt.-

8-19

290

"form . Tho B1 ignclo; of llnliliL::t .Al'tillcry contnin the nrnte1 ial fol' ll'i ii no n fo1·('e "of gnrri on nrtillory n conltl bo dc,.,irod; but if the moot Ol'di111t1'}" t1ppli11n<:O:i for 11 in<1truction (whiC'h in Englnntl nro po ... s0:;~od by tho smalle~t volunteer tu·Lillcry 11 oorps) n1 o not gh·on them n hi"'h l:1to of cfficicnl'y cannot I.lo cxpecteJ. I lr1111t. 11 thi,.i d1)ficioncy niny bo rcmt..>dicJ, e:-pecially H:i n•g1u-Js Ifolifox nnd St. John, N.H., " at both of "hich pince arc excelknt drill shed~, un<l l fool c1:rnfidont that the " r~ultr- in incren,,ocl ctliuicncy will amply jnr-tify tho trifling outluy required for tho " fo,v tores roforro { to. The.'lo bl'ig:vlcs h:we not, t':tl'l'iod out thoil' annual gun prnl·· "tiC'c, owing lo tho ammunition having only ,·c1'Y reel'ntly boon received, and I "t<honld rccommernl thnt, ns tho wintol' ~c1111011 ha;i sot in, tho nmrnnnition I.lo rolaintl{l "until the ... pring, and then uRod for competitive prnctico."

In my own report I find tho following:-

" Engineer3.

''Thi branch of tho )1ilitin is sadly in wnnt of materials, nnd menns of instru~­" tion. '!'hey nro without entrenching tools and tho common appliances of their •· a1·m. J.icutonnnt-Colonel Scoble at Toronto, ~fnjor Kennedy nt .Montreal, nnci "Cnptnin Porloy at St. Jchn, :N. B., nro uulc nnd zealous Officora, anxious to produ~e " clllcicncy, if the menns were available.

" 'I ho two cn~inccr com panic,, at ~fontrenl might 'vith advantage bo placed " nuder the enior'ofiicer of the arm nt :\Io11trenl.

"I wa not notified by any of the Deputy Adjntnnb-Gcneral of tho districts of " the propo:.l'<I date:- of inspection ot engineer corp~, and have therefore had no op­" port un ity of judgin~ accurately, but from want of the appliances before mentioned, " 1tncl f1 om p1 O\ ioni:; irnipectiom; of some of tho com~anies, I believe them to be •· little more thnn ctlieient infantry. Tho Toronto l;,ngineers, Lieutonant-Colonel 11 SeoLle, hnvc to n Ccl'lain extent, I am informed, supplied material at thoit· own 11 ex pen, c-.''

Thoy aro Yory zcnlons and deserve great commendation and some m1sistance from Government. but I nm not of opinion thnt, considering tho very small sum of money voted for the .llilitia, it would be advitmble to hor~e and csitablish so costly an in-.titution ns n pontoon train. Especially do I not think the game worth the CRndle in Uanadn, on tho bank!' of whoso forest rivcrb and streams for the most part are found the mean-, of crossing, which a gang of lumber-men would very soon knock into n hricl~o or raft, with extra flotation if required from empty pork flour petro­leum, or whi ky l>arrcls, which must be found where men conO'reC:ate 01'. at nll . l t f . bbl eventt; m t 10 1:> ore o an army. There 1~ no organization for the tran!lport nn1l . upply ofnmmunition in the field, a question of vital importance in tho::ie daya of brocch-lo:ider'l.

W cdnesday, May 7, 18'19.

LtEUTF.S"AST-GEN:tR.AL Srn HENRY LEFROY, K.C.M.G., C.B., .R..A.., &o., &c., in the Chair.

Part ffl.-l'Ell'tANESTLY EM:Booo:u Tnoo1>s AND MILITARY RouoATIONAL EsTAll· Lisnm;NTS OP CANADA.

. When tho Imperial legion.., woro withdrawn from Quebec, the ln-~t and moi;t. imp~rtant F.tl·onghold o~ Canada pro:re1·1 to mo wa.q confided the honour of forming a gl\rn on of loyal Cnna1hans to gunr the lrnpo1·in.l flag thnt Htill fioatOO. over the ~n-

l

..

2~1

oicnt f'o1•tro ;(l) A similnr ta k dc.,.oh·cd upon 01pt..nin <;, A. French, R.A ., with respect. to K1n1-,rst.on (f) llov•· wo h11vc porformc:l th<i.c dutiC..i i f bclic\O being recog.111i;t..><l by conferring on tho Olliuors nnd -oldio1 we h \'O trninel Jurin. oven Jabonuuti yc.u·s tho ho1.1011rablc tit lo of " R()yal Gann jinn .Arlillc1y." Wh 1t thnt. laboul' .wa~,. c:m best li~ J~dgcd by :rn.r profc~ ional ,.oJclicr picturing to him elf tho task ' f .raising ~ll(l trn1n111g an art1llory gan·i,,on and 1'0-arming n tortr ... without. I!rofos.wrnal U~1>1slant. ... ,(:.l) as well as forming and cornJuc ing :.1. thoo1-clicnl and Jlnl<>­t1cal .,ch.ool of all urm<1, :ts may 110 "ccn by tho curriculum of snhjocl tanghl 'fhc e~h.oln~t1c monotony has. !>eon vu1'iod by the nece:;:-1ity for 11 iug my pupil lo uppr~ s Cl\'il d113t111·Lancc:., but tnrc., ar.quirit eu11do. 'l'o Lbe a::;~istanc:e gi\'c11 fly M:uitor Gun­ner ~>o.uulds?n , RA., urn I the i;er~ount gunnery in,tructors, I u111 indclitod, h tl tho credit IH ma.rnly duo to the goo1i material I had to work upon, i.t!., the gl•ntlomcn selected ns O~corR, viz., Ueulcnu~1t-Gol<>ncl Montizrimbc1·t nntl tho o at <lucbec, who~c ~ea!, nbt11ty, and ~utural soldierly. qualitic-i rcnrlcrcd plca ... arit a tn .. k at times dopro:-;sing fr?m ~nut of oocouragement in qu~rtcrs whore I have perhaps unreason­ably Joe ked for 1t .. T hnvo n<~ donut th~t L1cntcnnnl-Coloncl French, my l:ito l'Ol­loague, a-. well as L1Cutc11nnt.(;oloncl Irwin, woulrl endorse thc.-.c 1cmarks a fur a conct'rn?S Licute11unt-Uoloncl Cotton and the Ottic:ers of the ,.j tor Gnnncrr · ·hol)I,

Tho .exlra~t fr~m Gcn?t-:d 0!1lcr:, in the Appendix will be t explain the originnl and domuwnt 1<lca 111 the formnt1on of the school-., namely, to curry out gn1ri on duties by means of recruits from the ~filitin, and at the smnc time tu ut11!ze thi!i garrison ns a gunnery 1:oc:hool. It. hO<lll bec·ame c>i<lent that nt lcru,t 0110 bnttery of trained ~oldicrs was 11occi;~nry for ~:1rri1:oon dutie:<, with n S tuff to in. lruct 1ccruitt> from the 1ilitia ''ho bhould be :-npernuml'rary to the rc<7ul111· gnrri on while of course eight hor· cs wore not !>11ppo~cd by any !'-Oldicr to I c

0 :-11fficicnt for 111 iustruc­

tion in riding and driving, movin~ field and ~iege gun!-i, '' nnrl ~onornl purpo c·." I ha\'o no doubt the originator ()f the plan fondly hopod, ns l <liu, lhnt it would ho developed; but not a f;ingle gunner 01· hor:-o has l>een added to the Rtrcngth of tho estal>lishmcnt during tho i:;cvon yenrs of it.-, existence.

I obtained from GO\'Ornment the privilege of forage for tho pl'iV'nlc hor·c~ of the Statl' and of Officer ... attending tho :,,chool:::, ::incl by -.o doing, Ji:l\'o 8Ul'c,,cdcd in hor:;ing a couple of guns and in crc:iting a riding ~tnuli~hmtJnt. If 0110 muy not point to .-.uccc-.s, it i'3 at lcn~t permi1NilJlo to tell one':< mi11takc.... Jinc wu hopeful credulity in believing in the ren .. 011ahlu ex pan ... ion of the Gunnery Sd1ools to lli­<:iency; and con. cqncnt ra<1hnes..; in undertaking the direction nod comm:ind of a gaITi~on, a (;un1Jc1·y School, aml what is prnctically a :-tntT t•ollcgo for all nrm", with the inndeq uate detail laid down in tho <_;cuer::il Ordor. '!'ho la..t annual report or the Gunnery School~ m:.y -.how some p::irt of the re,. ult. of ,e\•cn yc:1r ' lubonr; nml

(l) It wns n curiou"' coincidence thnt the l\\'Ort>gimeot" fir-.t to enter Quel c, Atlerit .. capitula· t1on were the la-.t lo !~ave it more thnu a e<>nturv after. 'l'o ao Ottic1•r and cleuichmcnt of 1he Royal Artillery, eecorlt'tl b)' the GOth R-0ynl Amc.rican Ritle .. , waq gi\en the honour of hoi ting the British Ila"' al the conqnel't. On the withdrawal of the I mptrial garrison from Que I <'C, 10 an officer of the Hoyal Artillen·, 1\St< hanckd O\er, ll\· a detachment of the Doyal Auillery 11111! GOtl1 Rifles. the fla~, ~·hich I ha,:e no doultt my Cana !Ian military chilclre:i woulcl honorably •lefco 1, ii need be.

(2) Lieutenant-Colonel French ~llh"'t'<!ltnntl~· orgaoize.I the N. W. Mounted Police, and 111·0"

1mccccde1I at King~too by Lieutenant Irn·io, R. A .. nO\\ Lil'ttlcnanl Colooel iu the C unfom .Militia.

(3) The ~(lyal A rtilkr)' Srrgrant Ai:-i~tant Gunnery Jn •f n1.ctor" \~Cr ~ot l'~nt" on! until the following s11r111g. ~{ranwhde thl' torlrC"<\ hati hecu re-:i.ru1etl clur111g a 1.,;nua•lian mater ly l"l'Cr1111i. of thn·t• month:>. 'fhc Wnshini.-tton Trenty hn·l 11ot been •igncii, Lut faith in ita pro\i•ion i;('('111c1I perfect. The ~un1< hat! been 1li@mountetl 10 enable the Ro) al Engineers to repair the 1 latforrm , 1rnd the trool>' ha I hern withdrawn llt'fore ~here WI\" time to TfnlOUllt them, l ut my t ck w r--0mpnrAtin• y light•'neil hr thc_, fact that nil the artillc~y -t~rc" wrrc lelt to ~I~\· bruid in the mo t perfect ordrr bv Cnptnin ~forray, !{. A., 11nJl·r tLf d1rcchou;. of Colonrl (11bbon. couunandmg Royal .\rt.illl•rj' i11 llritii<h North Amtrica.

8-1!1!

th 1 cpo1 t of C'olonel II welt. H. e., tho ind r.. tignblc Comma no mt of th~ . I iii tn.ry Co I ~c nt King ton, w:Il show tho urc " of lw1 1>tl Utiglo to c::ir1-y out m1ltta.ry in-

stl'll ·ton with n h thorto i1 a le uatc StJfl'. . 'l'ho comme1 ci I d pru :>ion of tho Jill L fow yenr8 hn been no tloubt in n gl'o t

men uro the cau o of dclnyed devolopmonl of military cducntional c taulishmonta in .mnda.

Part I T'.-AnM.Dn::-;T A:-;u SUPPLY.

Small Arms and Ammunition.

'l'ho infantry nro armed with tho Sni<lor rifle, an oxcellont un<l sorvicenhle weapon better ::;uitod to our CanmJinn ~lilitiu thnu tho ~fartini-llon1-y, of w!tich it h; to be 'rc~rottotl tlint tho pu1 chn"c ha~ been commonco<I by Canada, u::i tho Ocnol'al Commnndin"' b of opiniori " that wo cnunot afford to pnrcha::.e the quantity in bulk, "and to ha;:'e voluntccr3 nrrned with two ort.i of rillo::i and two do,criptions of " cnrtridgcs on n lino from tho Atlantic to tho Pncitic, "·ouhl bo to court <lisas tor if 11 they woro cnlle<l u ion to uikc th<' fiold."

'i'horo nro only 'i0,000 Snider rifle:; in C:10:11ln, which whon wo deduct 40,000 in tho hnnd' of tho Acth·o Militia, lenve,; only :l0,000 for our Rcsel'vo :\I ili tia which num crs 600,000 men, n portion of whom at lca:;t would bn\·e to be called out and trnincd in omer~~ney. 'l'he amount of ammunition in thocountryi:, only 150 rounds por 1iflo1 an nmount \Vhich I four tho Cann<li:rn Militia might po::;:,ibly tire away in one or two genorul nction".

'rho Gcnornl Commanding points out tho necos:;ity for a further prov-i::.ion :-" 1 cnnnot with a pl'ndent outlook to tho po.,:;ibility of cartridges being suddonly

"required for :<Cl'vice, recommend tho diminution of Olll' supply, which, on the con­" trnry. !.'houltl never be less than 300 rounds per rifle. Cartridge~ h ave to bo im­" ported from England, n.;.; I regret to :--ay wo have no manufactories in this country " to produce them, and as Snider c:irtri<lges will by-and-by not bu fortheoming in " tho J?oyal Ar,,onnl, it may ho nece,!'!ary for u,, to bespeak them some time before " wo can demand our annual supply."

Indeed the manufacture of ~mull arm ammunition appear:~ to me a runnife!'t ne­e ity, ns nl,o thnt for artillery. To depend on a base 4,000 miles ncro s the .Atlnn­tic in the event of emergency would be mos t hnzar<lous ; be ide;; ouch a ... y::.tem would nee itntc keeping a lnrge stock on hnud, which, with ~o pcri,.ha l le nn a r ticle a ammunition, would be unadvi,able, to say nothing of tho constant changes in war material. Tho Militia of Canada without nn orscnnl to rely on, not only for ammu­nition, but for the manufacture and repair of gun-carriages , harnes.-.., ca mp equipa~e, without trnnsport, commissariat, or ambulnncc , &c., would not bo in an on\'iablo po ition. Tho subject has been well treated in tho D ominion .Artillery Asc;ociation Pd?.o ~ ay1:1 for 18i8, by Colonel blontizambort :>ntl Captain Pre.-ost

1 of tho Cana­

d inn Art.illory.

~hoc ay of tho former has been printed in the proceoclings of this Institution, and tho e wishing for details cannot do better thnn refer to it (Vol. XXII, No. XCIV). I ahnll not therefore eulurgo on tho subject, but, Rim ply 1·cmai k that llulifux, Quebec, Kingston, and Ottawa uro suitable localities for tho e:.tnblishmont of ai cnals and depots for supply. Tho first three nru for t ified, and coutn in .. uitnulo govcrniront buildings :ind l rnd , while tho lnttor is far removed fiom the f1onticr. .Both Toronto nod Montreal, though centres of indu try, nro exposed, and huvo boon captured in previous inva1>ions by tho Amoricnni:;. Tho 1 ato of labour is qui to as choup nru1 probably more reliable a~ rcgar l strikes th'.ln it appears to be in Lnglund, while tho raw materials, iron, wood, Joathor, &c., aru abundant, anti of tho bc::.t quality. Coals nro not, of course, as choap as in great l~nglish mnnufac tu1·ing centres, but tho water power i,, unrivalled, and wood fuel (which is so abundant), w hen use<l as charcoal in the production of tho finest iro1.work, produced tho most.

')

rclinl>lo ki n 11<1 fi cc from tho t-ttlpl nr nn 1 pho"/ horu which it. i <'liminnto from coal-worked iron. '!'hut I rodut·e< : t the I.i0n Ion ll'rry }tany of Cmiadn, n reported on by M . bilbcrt & m, lonh al " i i I to 11 \O

" u tc11 ,..i10 i;tro 1gth of G5,000 t h~. I r q 1nro inch, being mo1 o thnn 23 p r <' ut. " ~renter thnn .that of'tho Hid.,<lnlo 11 on 11.-0 I for gu!' tul in l~rim:.n , . . . ... .'rhi.c " mm in w orlrn1g a l o showed romcu kublo p ropct tics of wcldrn~ Tiu ul t. of ma11ufacturo of w ur material~ in Gnnadn i of tho g eatc t imporumcc to tho F. npiro, n~ 1·cn<lc1 ing us clf:rcli:mt nt n t i mo when uch self 1 eliancc \rnulJ I c.: nl I to tho ~nccbsful rcsi::. tanco of nltal'k .

1'1iat mo t. Yi t:d quootfon, nn orqan iz cl sy tern for the upply of infantry nmmu­nilion in tho 1ioltl, doc 11ot seem to harn I.icon con i1le1·od.

Artillery Armamcut.

It i:-; riot nece nrv for mo to de c:ribo t he ma~11ificcnt nrmamcnt of the ll lifax fo1 ts, 11or to detai l tho ar m:unent of t1omo 4011 mooth·boro gun , i;cattcrcd O\'Cr tho J)ominion but of little u o in modern war, except Uf!. in t b at. attn ·k. I can b ,,t, porhnp~, 1;ondor service hy po:ntiug out tl.10 i rnl'ort.'lncc o~ converting t_hi o leto armament in to orv ico:1blc n flod g un . rn nccord:mcc with the rcqt11rom1 n of modern war. 'I'ho ta k i neither o clifficult n •:- cxpcn,,ivc a mny be im. •med.

In adchtio n to t lie r ifled gun alro•1dy dctnilc<l a mounted, in \Tancouver l lnnd, and tho ha r bour o f :-)t • .Johns, N ew Brun wi<-k, there arc at Qucber, ci ht. 7 i ch Arm-;t ron<• brcoch-londinr• rifled g un . 'l'hcy h:wo hitherto been con idc cd \"ery weuk irun~ but by the u ~of an impro\·cd gn« check. :md the com·creion of t 10 gun into a ~i<lo ,brccch-londcr by turnin 1• tho trunnion , ~ Jin .... been done lately ul Wool­wich, tho g un may he mndo to tak~ n !nrl-fo ~hn.r~e of the 1~1i!d. pchbl~ llOWdl'.'r, which will incrcn~o the power of the g un wlnlc 1t d1m1111~ !1e ... tho 1111tml ti urn on tic b~ecch. There arc also two of tho !'amc 7-inch ll L .R. , at h .1 ·~ .. ton. I t w 1 found thnt m ex­treme fro,.t tho breech clo::>i1w apparntu~ wn" cl itlicult. to open, but Ly re. 01 ting l<• a very simple exped ient, I ha\~ o\·crcomo t l_iis di~::nlty, nn.d_ tho w n might be coo­sidcred fail' ly ctfi l!ient, ei>pocially fro m their dom111an~ po,1tion nt 9ue~c, who1 o tl!cy command the comparatively urrnrmoured deck of an 1roncla~, wJ11ch m nppronchmg eud-on, w oul<l p ro, t•nt n mo't fiwournblc p 1rallclo . .!tanl to ai t1llc y fire. ~ .

In addi tion to the Arm-.trong breech-loader-. ar<• ten 3..!-6.t-ponndor I nllt er, nod two powerful .run ;, prn,.ontcd by ~ir W1ll inm P alli, er, an S-iuch and n i -111ch1 con­verte<l on h i~ ~wn p ri nci pie. I fi nd from an old new ... paper ext met, t~:iL ",th<l."e gun, " co:.t Sir William iOO/. sterling. !lo had to bu_.r them fr?m lie~ Mn~e _ty r.s Go\·crn­" ment, arul pay :sir William A r rn .... trong for ~heir com:cr 1on. '1 he lro_ight t·n~o to " GO/. 10.s. lid. U c h::i-. a lready ordered n thud gun, "Ivon by the Don11111on GO\ ern­" m en t for com•cr .. ion a t Monti onl. for which Sir Wilham pay .. the co-.t, :m I a fourth "IO·inch g un (which will p1ob!lbly cot mo~c than tho thre': o.thcrs.put tori •thcr) ho " bas ordered to be made in England. ns a g ift to the Do11111110:1 .( .overnmcnt. llo "further otror!' to com'ort a ll her old g mi-. w it!wut li~·ofi_t. c.o~rm~--io~, ?r 1.'0y.11ty,_ to •· whic·h he ha~ a lcual right by h is patent. \\ hy t 11-. hl>crnhty l \\ Ii~ tln~ nflcct1on "fot• o lJ (J_uehct '? Mnst wo boliovc 11obles .. e oblige f T h<;_-.e arc palont.soi nob1hty mor~ "noblo than inhe rited litl o~, buL Si ~· W 1_il ium Ill! -. :i. cla11.n t~ both. · ·

1 • ~ •

(It '""b duriiw tho pcrio l war was 1rnm1nc1, t w 1h Hn•"rn), .unl the QueiJec liron!ck goes ~;1 to rci~nrk ··Tho " ift of Sil' Will ia m Pnl i !;CI' i iudccd a ti mely one j ;111l~kc "anything in this' ngc, it ~cads like a bit _of oltl Bli~1beth:111 .... tory , ~hen J~!1ghbh " " Cntlcr .. cn fro m Dc\"lm, fitted out war .... h1p-. ' ut then· own charge: LO meut l o

0 S . I \. l " " "'I"cat , 11nm" 1 1 nn:u u. :I th 0 ~1 - tir-..t re >Or t after land ing in Canada "e\·cn yc.'lr" n~o, wa ... to r _comme.n . e con\·~r~ion of ot~ r u oles" old -.rn;>olh·bo• c:; in to r itfod g un-. on tho J>nlh~r phncaplo, utili?.in<• thereby tho olrl cnrrin~c , ,i<lcarm ... . :ml ~cnornl -.tore , and 0~?11 t .o p1"f: ·ectilcs otho cnlihrc rcmninirw tho ~nme. Such an a r ma ment would ho l'!c-em] nont ) ~uit.'lb·l~ to Can:idn, tho def.l1~0 of which will mnin!y <!cpcn~ on C~nnchnn 1 lcvu:t I have thcro(oro continued to r oiternto the :.ugge::otto n rn which I ha\ o I.icon apport

2!)1

= b,· tho ~lnjo1 .. <.iunornl <Jomrnnnding Rirwo Jij., :11Ti\·:d in Cunndn. In <lwolli11g upo1 tho economy of com orti ng old ,.moot h·boro gunt> to now rifl<'t", I do 1wt forgot tho J:tot tlint. \\e requi10 a fow powt~1·1'nl fit t-cln m·mour-platc piercin!! gun:e at SL. Joh11

1 ~cw Hrun,..wick, t~uohc ·, anrl \~nncouvcr'i:; 1~1n11d. Except ut 1Ialifi.1x, whoro thero 1 :111 lmperinl gar1·1:-;011, wo l1avo 110. 011e :rnch gun in tho I> >minion ot'Ganada. My lu-1t J cport i lh follows:-

·•Hut ~1" regard,.. future nnnnmcnl, I would :ignin "olicit attontion to tho 11<1\'i~a­,, l.tility of udopting the l'allbor :-ystcm for <·011,·e1ting in this country tho ·100 old ":-mooth·l orn ~uns into ritlc,., us aln•ady recommo11dcd hy the go11cml ofli<·c1· in 11 com111:rnd. p:1go xix of !:ht year',.. ropol't, sincu which tho rom111·Jrn.blo powor •· dovclopc.'fl hy tho chambered 7-inch Palliser gun convo1·ted in Bnglanu 1·0111lo1·t1 it ti '' ~uitaul<• armour-plate pi1'rcin~ gun fo1· c·oa:;L dofonc·c~, though for land fronts and "cntrouchcd po,..it1on~ along our ox tended frontio1·1 1 fool certain no b0Lto1· or chcapor " pln11 c·o1ild hl' adoflle I than the gmdu:il cotn·orsion of' our smooth-boro8 into 90-" po1111ell'1', Ii t poum er, and •.10-poundor rift~., at tho trilling cost of about 120/. per 11 gun, whilo tho old wood nnd i1·on c:irriago~. platforms, &c., could be utilized and " new wooden rnningo.-; have been made in this country at a lc:-;s co,.:t lhan that of '' im11oru1tion.

"'J he rl•lath·c co"t of con,..tructing wooden cn1Tiages and trnvor:-ing platfo1·ms at " Quebec und importing iron or wooden one:; is shown in tho following o:>timato :-

" Comparative Cost of Ilome Jii.rnufacturc and lmportatio11 of Gltrrison Gun. Oarriaq~.

I imported I Borne ~

I lrom Manufoct're. England.

------------- ------It will be seeo from the Woolwich Vocabulary of Stores that a wrought-iron $ cts $ cts.

duuhl~ plate Eliding carriag~ and phufo1m will cos:, with freight, otc, a id d, m rounu number~, ubout ........ ... ..... ........ ......... ... ..... ......... J, 700 00

The Slime uf 1roo J ..... .... . ...... ........... ................................................... ... 63~ 00 d~ O:'Hle in Quebec, as proposed ........ ........... ......... ........... ........ .. ... .. 550 00

Wrought iron carr1.1ge tor 64-32-pounders about ... . .. .. .. ........ .......... ... ...... 375 00 Wood carriage built 1n Quebec......................... .................................... ...... ... ....... 170 oo

do ror 61-3:!-poonders, imported about................................... 190 00

• 11

Thi" manufacture of such material woulu not or1ly be a saving of expenditure, bot would be a 11

oenefit to the country by E:mployiag our own artifictors and cxpenuing the money in the Dominion."

It mu,..t bo borne in mind that tho Domir,ion Pn.rliamont will much more readily vote 1~onoy to he expended in. the country than :-end out of it for the purchase of war matcrml.

'' .1 h<>/.\ to recommend trongly tho report of :Mc.s~rs. Gilbort und Co., Canadtt " ~ngmo \\ oi-k:-, to favourable consiuerntiou; tn1"ting that if I cnn report h:tti:-;faclo­•· rily 011 the proof of tho gun now nearly complotc1l 11t )fontreal the Government " will not lie~itate to 01 der the gradual convor,..ion of' tbo 400 :,moo th· boro gum; now "co111p11111tl\·cly u-olc:.:; on our lo1·tilications nn<l that a imm of money will ho placed "on tho c-timatcM to meet this expendilm·~ al'! well 11s that for Hevonteon 7-inch " Pulli~e 1· 1 iflcs in lieu of :;even teen u 1-3~ poundc1·s proviously ordered from Woolwich " by the JJominion Government.

"'l'he diffcreuccs of' cost between tho homo manufacture and importation :-ponk "for thern elves. 'Tho efficicucy of Canadian mnnufoctul'O will I bclievu bo "c tahli,.la•d hy tho proof of the gun now being con,,;tl'ucted, as well ~s infcrenti~dly " frorn the !act of the :.ncces:. in tbo Uni tcd St:.1.tes of tho Pallisor princi plo of convor­" 11io11 anti construct.ion. l would, however for tho futuro manufacture in eonvo1·sion " f' ~ l .,., I I

o I.I "-·pouuc er~ rccommood that tho A-tube bo prolongcci nbout 2 feet 6 incbcli " boyo11d th.o muzzle of thu ca...,t.iron gun, which would nllo\v of !:lufficicnt Jongth for " tho U;:)e Of pcbl.Jlo }IOWdcr, Which ueing Slower lJuroing,an<l CXCl'Cbing less l:ltl'Hill Oil

'' t.lio gun. yet. gives 1i hi~hor iuitinl volocity thnn tho p'"Jtldre br 1talc for which th "i;l1ort Wo(llw1ch gun wcro originnlly con tructcd. With tho u lJ1t1on of tho " <·hambcr 1 hclicvc tho G1·3~·pounJcrd oonld be mn1lo to pcnotrnt.e con idcr:ibly " more than 5 inchos of iron, :t'I it hns already done. 'fl1c C<ht. of thi change would " II<.' innpprccinblo anrl tho practical inconvenience of i nc1 c otl lcngtl1 nil, us tho '' prepondornnco 11lrca1ly ex1,..ting would nllow of an incre:i e of 4 foot of .A-tube if " required for ballbtic purpo!;C:>. l believe il would nl o be u<lvi nlile in lieu of t111l "to adopt tho expanding bu o-l'ing ~.r tern i-o ~ucce:.: fully cxpcrirncntod upon nt. "Shoobu1'.r11c.~s, and alrcu.<ly introduced in tho United ::iwtu,.. a i11\"cntod: by Co1>t.ni11 " Butler, U 8.A. It.. will bo "CtJn thut ti system of gradual co11ver&on will c1mblo u " (nt n minimum of co:;L and mnximnm of efficiency) to avail oursoh•o of tho " scientific cxpcrimonti'I cal'riud on ~t Sboeburyncs~ and ol15cwhcrc." . .

Wu en it. is remembered that :-.c1cnce hu"i to wait upon her hand maul, rncchn111cal ~kill, the compurntivcly cil'cuitom; yet progre ... ,,i\·e march of modem nrtilll!ry h not 11111·prihi1g. 'l'he cnl'lie"t gumi wore of' great len~th to allow tho co~ U1~J1l1011 of tho we:•k slow burning powder. They were comp<Ntc brcoc;h-lo~der of c?1lcd '~ro!1ght iron. When tho powder was impl'o\·cd, the breech clo:-rng nppnrntu 111 the rnf mcy o!' 1oechanical hktll conld not bo milllc 1>lrong enough, nnd h~td t.o ho ub.mdonccl for muzzle-loading, the cumbrOUii length wn" got rid of. 'fhon l~~ J>owtler, being so impl'Oved ilb to ucqui1·u tho title of potldre brutnle? had :to be i:nod111e< a to reduce tho stmin of eno1·mous charge1:1 on monste1· irun~ which will a1ram hn\'1'1 to be lcngthonl>\l

0 I 0 I . . b nn1I chambered nud probably brccch·loadl..-<l. ~ho diagr~m per 1~11:. 1nd1e.ntcs l o direction of tho next ~top in tho march of artillery. It •~ not .w1lhm the sc<~po o{ this paper to discuss tho claims of va1·ious ":r~tcrn~, and ce1 tmuly not. ha.::.ttly to condemn 0111· own (which in 1>pito of tho impetuou,, ~tb~ck ma lo u1~11 tl ~mce tho accidental burst of a :-inglo gun) ha .. :-to'Xi the test ot tune, and will no do11ht lie f'urthor moditicd to ,..uit modern rcquiremcnb. Under the .circu111 lnne , h~111·01•01·, I mm.t respcclfully admit. tbat I do uot regret that the atlv1~0, 1 prn nmo gt\'on by the Coloniul Dofence Committee, to pu1·cba~o short Woolwich gun .. , lia.-, not been followed by tho Dominior~ of Canada: . . . . .

}loantimo tho batteries of gnrn~on artillery org:an1zed nt .tho 1mpo1 Inn~ pot0ti marked ou the map should be employed in con,..tructrn~ batt~r1e~ l'l'\'lltcJ with tbe iron-bnnu gauion" :-o om;i IJ: <"on,..tl'l•ctcd. from t~e hooprn~ ot ua~o, ~f ~oi'l<!.. ~u?~ revetment8 would last halt a century with but little rcpmr.s, and 1f nr med '' rtli li 1-:i­Palliser converted guns to prornnt cJo-.e nt~ack, and covor torpe~ocs would rc!1der ti00ure tho bnrbour1:1 of our long Jake frontier, ~s ~oil. ns. other trnport:rnt., p nn.L~~ which tho economic nppliration of the Moncr1etl prrnc1plu would ;ender. vcr.} formidable. The requirements of a co~mtry like ~an~da anti the p.!cnh~r. apt1tud:-: of its paople requiro that European military 01·gamz:i.uon-. !<hould ho mod1bod to. u1t them.

The Militia garrison nrtillcl'y and engineer corp~. :-hould be amnlgnma~?d to form a uni\'e1·,..al pioneer corp,, to work gun" of po. 1t1on or gnrri on, n \~ell :1-" construct :i.nd arm tho buttcrie,.. they fight, which woul~ most probabl~· ~o r:i1,od. m conjunction with torpedo ii}'l'ltoms. The other rough pwneer \~Ork of hl'!dgrng, &c., wo~l<l como must naturally to tho intelligc.1t Cana li:m mor:han1c:; who lllChlly cor?· po:--o tho coi·ps 0 !· garrison n.i·~illury and engineers. Tho lntter COl'(h aro very fow tn

1mmbor and in isolated po,,1t1ou,... In ~OnC'lul'ion1 it mu1:1t ho borne in mind that Canada uevor hus bo~n a~cl ncycr

Cl\n bode )Cndcnt. on Brilish bayonob. Tho hbtory of her i:;tru~~lcs :i,;:uu t rnva:-ion bhowetl t~at ,.ho could nnd did, with tho u,..sistarn·e of bul few D1·1t.1-h tro lJl•. I.tear tho brunt of it with hc1· militia, who nlmo:;t un,aidcd rolled back. tho tide ~f w:1r fro~ ~.r tihore8. Before tho cotlf'lu-.ion of lho 'Iroaty of Peaco .111 1 l i .1.1, .not n ~111:- o Amoric:tn hCnti')' 01· po.-.l rcmainotl on Cnn:ldian :-?ore, wlulo we wcro .111 po,-.o,.,,ton of l•'ort Mnckillimacinuk nntl other point.-; in what 1s now the Stale ol }l1clugnu.

]>art J'".-('ANA l>IAS Co~TJ:-;Or~T FOU J3.11'~:1tl.\I. ~h:rt \'JU: A -.:n :\111,JT.\Jt\' Cor.O'.\IZ \Tl ~.

11 "'h n dnng •r of wnr, 1enl or. imn •i11111-.r •. _thrl~'lten". the .ernpi .. c, tho fiJ.,t ' thou• ht i wh.lt n brond mnrk tho Cll'Clo of Br1l1 h Uolonw ofter:- lo an enemy : •· the nd Iv '' hnt n mi •htY circle of fo1·t.1 C""e :md outwor·ks the cent1·c of' Briti~h

}>O\\ 1 i d~fo.ntlcd. Tho 0~cc'oud thought i..i the sounder. -'fcn:Iy to cxte~1d tcrri­

" torinl po sc"sion i:s to gh·o i;o mnny muru host:1gc. to. fnl'tuno 111 wm'. 'I he 11101·0

"the Tirili '1 l~mpiro is of this ehn1·ncter the ''~akor 1t lmn_?f~cfcn~·o._ But.oxpan­" :;ion of t rritodul dominion which hu,·c w1dorh'tl tho l11:11ts w1th1n wh1C·h tho '' Anglo :s.non rmo can :-pl'cm1 and multiply, add to tho ,·itality. of tl~u Em pi~·~· 'J'he "Britbh l~rnpiru is i;olf'-:-11flicio11t it' it,, l'C:,(Hll'CC~ can uo u1·ought. 11110 JUXtapo:-1L10n !'>(}

"3,. to npploment. <'noh other." (1) . . .. 'l'ho offor of n Ca11adian conlin~cnt "ug~o tcd very forc1uly tho cnpab1ltt1cti

en~lnrnl po 'C" c' for military purpO!"C' in its Coloniu,.,, and what very lit.Lio U:-<C ha<; hi th •rto been made of them.

"\ 'c1·0 it po ... ~iblo to im:1gine German~\ Anstria, 01· Ru..:llia posso..:scrl of C.:ol?nial " domi11io11 like our..:, wo may lie :.me tho tm;t thought to OC'<.:ur· to the 1·1ilen; of any '' of thc"e I:mpire,., wo11ljl uc tho co11ti11~c11t each do1 <:mloncy could uc nwde to <"'!11· " tribute to tho urrny.'' But thon~h bn,;lund lws 1101th<:r the po,rnr nor the dc,.,11 o to onnct n rmlitnry contlilrntion of men from tho colo111c-:, yet what, 1.'0uld not be dcrn:mded w:ts volunteered 1

1• '..l'hc staunch nnd rcm:wkablc loyalty of Canatl:t to tho IMti:-h Crown ha" rwt

"pcrhups C\CJ' ?con more signitic~ntly mnni~c t?J than durin~ tho eal'ly p:u:t of th11 "pa,t an l pronou year, whe11 oiler,, of :-Cr\·1cc Ill the CY1mL of war wc~·e p1·cfen·~d. t<> "t11e oxwnt of rni ... in" in Cauad:t scvN:tl thou-:ancl men to se1·,·c with tlw Bnt1sh ".Armv. 'I:hc c ofter~ ::-.omc of' pcr:-onal sun•icl', other·.:> to r.1ise battalion,., uore the "stamp of n thorough determination to ~ivo willing and mate1·ial reinfbn·emeut t-0 •· Her ,;,\lujo..,ty' troop,;. 'fhc.r were tho r<pontanoous cxprc.,sions of a Joyal and a 11 high ::ipirito l people to throw in their lot, a.'> a wry importa~1t factor, i11 tho d?li-11 t:uie,. of'C.rcut Brit.nin. The:,e otfo1,, wcro as l'o1·di:tlly n~CCl\"Cd by tho Impcrrnl "Go\•crnmcnt lb they wore loyally m:i1lc1 and !-houl<l the occ:a-.ion ha,·e :ll'l,.cn, no "doubt but thnt tho hardy anii stalwa1·t :-on..i of Canada would have been fournl 11 <1U1111iin~ manfully ... 110ulder to shoulder with theii· natiYo-boru brethren of tl1at " · old country' whiC'h they lm·e ::o well." (2)

Let u,. hope that in quieter times tho gcnel'Ons offer will not be fo1·gotton on either hide.

A poaco militnry sy,tem thnt doc~ not ndmit of rc:ldy oxpan~ion to meet the emergency <•f war without di-.locntion i-. not worth tho mone.r spent on it.

Of the l~ military di-.trict,; into which Canada i di\·i·lcd, 11 and 12 Ofnniloba and Briti h Columbia) nl'c ::.till comparath·oly 1111pcoplcd tel'l'ito1ics. und need not ho cow;iJe1cd in the pre cnt plan. It was propo,(ljl that tl10 Canadian wa1· continw·nt, 10,00U stl'Ong, n brig:ido of three field battcl'ie~, an artillery pionec1· co1·p..i

1 combining

the duties of' "icge or position artillery with tho c of pio11ce1 s arti.tico1·s1

and a regi­ment of e.1valry.

Tho nucleus aml recl'uiting depot of thiti force in pence time to consist oft wo ~mall hattalion, of ;;oo men each, eac:h company 100 i;tron~ namccl. numbered nftc .. , and 1·ct·1·uitcd for uncl affiliated with tho hcad-qnartel's of each of the 10 military d1istricta. Comm:rnding Ofiieers of Militia Co1·ps forwarding to tho Depuiy Adjutnnt­(;cneral of caeh military dbitrict tho names of Officer. and men wi,.,hin)! to servo in the contingent, Office~, of the School of n1111ncry, and .\1ilitury College CadcL..i be1nl.{ given a prcforcncc. The .Militia )folic·nl Officer of tho di:-;trict l'lati' could examine recruiU; t<i prevent ineligible men boin~ fonvar<led to battalion head-quarter.~. 'f.he two depot bnttalions could be further dh•ided into wing. if ncceNtry, and q uartcru<l

(1) From a leading article in the Tim,,, March 8th, 1879.

(2) General Sir Selby Smytb'a Report.

297

~t St. .John, New Ilrnn \Vil k, uod Qu b c, with !ctnchmcnt on St. Helen' , !ontroal, and Fort lslc-nux-Noix.

'fho other b.tLLnlion divided b tween ]{ingst.on nud Toronto, '~ ith n company dQiug duty as n gn:ll'<I for the Govcrnor-Gcuernl, furni hing ord<'J he nt lic.'ld­qunrter~ < ·c. Thero is IJ.1r1 flt•k accommodation nt nil tho nbovc pin ex< cpt hcw:l­quartc1't''. :111d tho barrack nt St. Helen' and St. .• John'i-, b<ith burnt, would ha\ c to 1 c rolrnilt.

'l'he artillery orga11iz1Hion would only 1cqnirc the prci cnt gunnery cl1ool nt King~ton a11CI Quebec to ha,·o the h01'fc inc10:1 eel ton cornplcto field. b:1ttery ~or each, nnd an artillery artifice1· or engineer company ncldod 101· the ro1 nir of fo1t1h­cntio11~, war nialc•l'ial, &r.

'l'ho <·iffulry might ho re1m· ente<l Ly :1 troop nt 'l'orouto uml 0110 at Quebec, there heing u riding H:hool at hoth pluec11. .

'J'hc a born would :imply provide fur garrison •lutfo .... , muintnini!1g rntcrnnl or~ci_-, and the in:,t1 ucti<m of tho .Militia, while there could he cx~:inclcd mto nn army d1v1-llio11 for war sen·ico on their own frontier" in Europe 01· ,\si:t, or uch 1~roport10n. of them 011e two or thl'ec liattalions u might Le v.1tohcd for, SU<'h 01\1<·0 b:lttolro11 bein,: paid hy Great Brit.'lin when ser,•i11g out of <':mm.In. 'l'ho ~01 ot I nttnli?n" alw:~·~ to remain :rnd rec1 uit in Caundn, in\'alid n11d ti mo expired men bcrng 1 otul'lled to thcil' original ct•tnpani<'. for disch:ll'go. . .

I belic\'o tho above is the only fca--ibh· 01g:mizatio11 for :in Imperial conllngcnL The offc1'S of l'Cl \'ice mndc I"· 001 tnin ~lilitia cm ps en lJ[()c, thongh well monnt1 wor qui to iucap:ilJ(c of fulfilmrn{ without di locating tho ugricu(turo nnd COIOIDCICC of the country n' well nR its home dcfenc:e.

It hi to be hop<.d tho mi .. take made in rai,ing tho lOOth Cnnndian will n_cycr again uo repeated. 'l'hoy arc probably a i;en·iccnLle Cflrt~", bu~ hn''!ng no 1-cc1 mtm ' depOt in Canada they h'.l\'C lonJ coa c<l to barn anyt!ung nn~ hon. nl.Jout 1t~1e111, beyond the ma pie leaf Ladgo tlwy ha\'e ('al'l'iet} to ."en·~ 111 011 r Ind1u!1 Lmp1ro. 1 ~1cr~ seems to be a ma fn•!~::i nmon~ a ce1 tniu du':> tor 1gnor111g tho c11t1mc1~t of old1~n:. Discipline and e::prit ~utl'cr "hen f.oldicr,, nro mado to l·eai· n ba lgo and title to wl11cli theil' hea1·ts d.:> not respond. • .

Thl'rC would Lo a difiicully about the rates of pay for an Im pe11n~ contml1e!1t. The pre::;ent Canndian rates of pay of Otlkcr:- arc hi~hcl' th!tn thol"o of tho Brit1 h Army, nnd bow ever willing, tlicro arc not a n_11mc1·011 ... <•l:u;, 111 <Janadn who woul 1 he able to serve the Empiro crnn l nrtiall_r at thc1r own cx1>011'0.

.:.lfllitary r!olo11i::atio11 in r.a11a la ..

In con::-.idcri1w the quc:.tion of a Canadian contingent for Imperial crvicc1 it. would be manifcstG· uujn~t nnd impolitic to nllow many oft~o youu~ m~n ofn Y?l~ng country to he ab''" hcd by milit:uy fen ice in Europe. without m 1!:.111~ pron ton for thei1· tinal return an I cttlement in Cana1l:i. 'r~ lhc _roun~ rncn. thcm­t>elvc" u11d their rolati,·c.s it would be equally erucl an<l unJ.n:;L to pny ~licm ofl Ill I .ion­don or cl~C"wher<', at the c:onelu~iou of their ,cn·iet•. witl~ :. kw pouu~ ~n thc11· 1>0~ket ... f porhnps to become waifs and :-trays of the great float mg dc111or:1h1~· I po1ftlnltod1 o. somo "l'CUL city. Un<loubtcdlv emi~1·atio11 i-. ono of the !!l'l'at quc~lJ011-< o th~ RJ, which

0w1ll not he answered b)· 11 Drift." ·10,000,000 on a compa1"nt1\·u~y -.mnJl 1:;lnn.~1

with inadequate tnod :;upply, nntl foilin~ 1nanufac~m·e"'! on tho other ... 1do of ton J~i ~ K'lil 4 000.000 ~cattoro<l al01l<7 n ribanil of -1 000 mt!('-., z.e. tho popnlntton of one Cif · Lo~d~n o<:<:UJJ\'ing or rathcrz:. :-tl'll""li1w with the culth·ntion and clO\'CIOj)me1~L o n

' J ' • 1 '"'"' · :"'.> bl · , · I to that of fa1ro1>0 without territory as lai·~e as bu·opc, wit 1 an .1ra o area cqu.1

Russin. d' "' t"on neglect ~Iant1fa<·turinrr marrnnte may formnnife,t ren,;ons 1,..courn"'O om1r>1-n I ' b • • /"" •

0 ~ · • t"l th • I o been met Y our colonic .. kcl')' homo 1>01mlatio11 nt ,..forn1t1011 point. un 1 O} Ill\ r • . ' l b t t t 1 f4 r our trndc to 1orc1gn couu-strikcs thnt pnralwo imlust1y, :111< t rcn en ° :rm"' e h t.: ht to

trio.-.. Tbc11 instc~1d of the people lXlin~ encourngo<l to cmigrntc, t oy n;c. nug the • clnmom· for tho o agrarian l:lW!- that will -.ooncr or lnt<!r hnko Ltrc:it Hr 1tam, us J

:.ws

hook Home, to her' ...,ry founduliou. u11lcs tJ1~ ~migrnliun q uc,.tion b Ayt>terna~icnlly oon iclcr<ld llll I c11co1111wed. Wo havo l>ccn w11lrng to trugglc fol' blntk umpire n~ long it rcqnirc I cott~n clothing, but a oon n it thnmtcus to CO\'CI' its nakcdnc'>i "ithout lunch\!-.tor help, we ny po1+•h I ndin ! or Africa, ~r :1.11ywho1·0 oli;o that won' t clothe itself with our cotton, nud yet we ignore tho man1fc,t means of protect­ing onrsolvc.; b\• n commcrcinl /.olh'ercin with our colonies. Surely Bl'iti h mor-1•hn11t don't nee! to bo tnught hy Bl'iti .. h :-ol lier:; thnt cornrnorco means ompi1·0, and 1 ct wrsd. Tho German gmpiro wn. ... cou ... olidnted lly commorcc, not t:u~11on. Tho t 1 cnty ol tho 7.<>llvcrcin, in I 51, pnntl tho way for. th:it reunion of tho Gcrm~tn l' incipnlitie.., con~ummated at Sedan, yot wo "com 1111.il lfcrcnt to tho commo1·c1al 1lcnilupmc11t of un ~\.n!_{lo-Snicon Em piro nnd it" commercial relations with 0tmrn lves, whid1 nro 11roly capable of adju,..tmonL to the mutual ~dvnn.t~go o~ 011r,,ch:o~ nnd _ou1· Crllonic.' ()?nnda )ms _:ilrc:vl~· led tho wny hy pl'opo:nng dttic1·ontial d!1L10~ ugain~t the nitcd Lntc", m:rn1fc-.tly 111 fnvou1· of Great Bnlnin, who~o pl'e""• m1su11dor:;tand­in~ the point ... ut i-. ... uo, ha.-. met hcl' 'vi th oxprc,,:-;cd di>1plon.~u1·0: instead of oncouragc­mcnt.

'l'ruo there j, room for uncasinc,:-; a ... to how for tho tl'ade self-protection of .i\u:.tnilin und -;nnncla, u-. oppo:-e l to pl'otcction of the ge11c1·al lmpol'ial inlorc-.t,.i, muy be l'!lrricd, but the ~nmo i .. yet in our own h:rnds. Commercial union with our colo­nic-. i urely po ... iblc, unle,, ... wo decline to di .. cuH:; tho matter with thl'm, and prefer the t;y:-tcm of·' drift.'' Let u,, romcmhcl' that though wo drifted into empire in the en t , wo drift('d out of it in the we.-.t, whon a quc:-;lion of tat·itr-. in 177H lost us the American colonies, nn<l a hundred year:- lalcl' tho,,e colonic~ Wt' l'O :-;till ,..nfforing from the internecine ::-trife thut again roi;o O'll of a que:.tion of tariffs, though the i;lavory quc~tion wn" the ... t 1lking hor,,e soloctod.

India cnn no,·or bo the home of tho Anglo-Saxon yeoman. It is a magnificont field for tho cultivation of military and adminh!trative talent among intellectually selected 1pedme11:; of our upper clas:.e:s. The l> i 1·L111·i~ht of tho Brititih yeoman, tho broad land!'! ol our colonim, were of neco'.3sily cc<lcd with retipOnsiblo government to tho Colonial lcgislatul'e~. The Cl'own Jund:-; no J0ngol' belong to the Crown of Cfrcn.L Britnin, an l lhi~ b tho main impediment, to any oxtom1ivo sy::1tem of organized mili­tary emigration. Y ct a,., it is manifestly to the nd\'anlage of the colonic" that there should Lo an orgnnize<l "'.Ptom ol emigrution, instead of leaving thorn to tho nnhappy­go-unlucky wnlll ot -.y-.tom by which !-townway::i and criminals, olkminato c·lol'ks, and guntleme11 who-.e hca b nre ~omotime::1 a:. :.oft us thcfr hnnd:;, may <lrift to tnoir 1hores.

ll1thcrlo the military emig1·ation of Bl'itish Officers and soldiers h ac:; failed because it wa::1 Ii url un \\'rOn..!' principle..;, and that lately attempted by Ca11nda bel'-.clt in ~iving grnnt .. of land to the cime-expi1 cd soldiers of the battalion,, :-ent fot· :-;el'vico to Fort Garry hn. .. benefite1l uoUotly but lnnd "'pcculato1·::-, because it was lmsed upon liron•l rcpul1licnn principle,;, whil-h du not uit ~oldier::1 or men habituated to (I i::1~ipl inc. An illd1-.cri111inate ~rant or land or<le1· for WO :wl'cs was given to Oiliccrs un!l .mo11 :11ikc. 'I'ho "l'nut ha<I a name, but no local hnuitation; its whereabouts was nol defined; to the mind of the snppo,.e<l .. ettlel' it might turn out a :oihaking sw:unp (mu,,.lrn,.!), a trip ot' alkaline <lo,,ort, or an nnclcaro<l wildo1·ne,;s or valuelc~s wood. ~~o Otliccl' of 011;;0 0 1· • clf-resl)ect \v1)u.d think of!lottling down on an equality wiih l'ri,·ato 'J'ornmy .Atkin~ an<l.) rs. T. to whose hu ~ ban<l he hu<l :-o lately admini,,tore<l }1nck-d1 ill. !Jr1 u upulous Officor:i were tempted to bny tho pros pocli\·e clni ms of thoil' 11w11 f'o1· tl <· p1 it c of:~ few bottle'i of old rye whisky, not lo becom e bo11rf fid1' Hl't t lor11, liu t to hol l and 1mb~e11uently to ~ell to land :speculalon;. I am 1:1pe:iking with a knowlc<IJC of fact .

.Agnrn, tllC' old colonization by [mperial t rnop'l wns based 1111 tho idea that O\'Cl',Y

1hher, a~te1· pcrh!.lp 21 years' harl tic1·vico, ma;nJy in tropic.ii climate~, wa~ fit, in cornparat1,·ely old :ige, to blo-. om into a ucec ful tolo11ial t:1r11101· tH1 mutter what hi antcccdcuts-beiiw without cupitul, energy, 01· ugrit·tillurnl 'ox1 oricnce. Tho fir;>~ or Heco111} i;e!ni-:u·ct~c win tor of C:mnda '11'(1\"c hi rn to clospai l' nnd d l'ink, to which nuhfary tiCl nee 111 old tunes only too fro1111011lly prei.iiopo~od a man. AH for tho

29SI

Oilkeni, not havin" hcc•11 iu tho tiNit im;tanco granted c:;tutCB commonsurntc with thoir rank, anti haviug pent. most. or thoil' <'~'lpit.al or rotir ·I pny in tho purch o of lund, they 1mnk to tho le\ el nf tl10 1 n11k nnd file, und their sons, oflcn wiLhoal J>rOµcr education, intermntTiocl with tho dnughtcl'l! of the ordinary \\urki11g popul tion, orin ~nine c:1 C:i of thoil' fathor'~ or\'trnts, who o,·ontually owned t.ho form on '"'hich they ha 1 been hired to work. Cunniin i trown with the wrock ot'tho fomlli of Hriti h Offi.cerli. Of courso thl'l'l.l uro oxcoptionR to every rulo. Ouc of tho mo t Rtriking i that of the dc,,ccnda11b of tho 79th liil{hlnniler.-. Officers anil mon, di bnndod nflcr tho wu1· in 17(j0, sotlk'<l ut ~lurray Buy, near 'Qnolec, 15 yM aftol'wa1d . 'l'hey loft their fiti ·m:i to march ugaiu!->t the American invading Onnndn, and 1cturno~I tC> lhei1· plougbi;l1aro:; when they t;hcathcd theil' victorions clayrno1 cs.

'l'ho 1octllorno11t of tho 7Ulh Ilighlunde1·,, wa::1 upon tho o ld Fn:noh f~11dat. y t~~· The Colonel and Officer:; wt·ro given Roignorinl grants of 1:11111 nntl m:lg1 tonal yri\•1-loge:i, and their dc~condanls uro still to bu found loyal to tho Grown, and cur1ou ly enough tho soignorial e t:itcs have dovolvod upon another Officer of tho 'iUth, nearly a century nftor tho original bettloment, by right of hiR wiic, tho tla11ghtor of tho last. seigneur. 'fho ~cignorinl privilege:; have bcon abo\i .. hcd. .

Tho original sottlot·li wol'O uot :.upplicd with Scotch wive , and tho nmin~le l1ttle French Canadian girl>i with whom thoy inlcrmmTicd made them gooil G.lthol_1cs nud happy fatbcl'i; of a numorou:. p1 uge11y, blill retaining the typicul f1 rime nnd \·1gour of the Scot though :-ipeaking in the ~oflc1 tongue of France. ,

Emi.,l'nlion to tho old Jll'Ovinco or Quebec i:s no lou1rcr re'}uircd. The f rcnclt 0 0 • I• 'd bl Ga.nadian:,i have incroa"c<l so rapi<lly a,, t11 have alrcntly emigrate J in c·on 1 ern o

numbon; to tho United Stated. And the fertile province ofOntnrio hus nl"o l!~t fur beyond the need of military emigration, but it is required to open ~p wbnt will!>­the great gmin-pro<lucing '\"alley of tho !;a,,katchewan with it... coal ~dd .-a lcrule belt of alluvial p1·airic .~oi l with nn acroarro about equal to tlint ol' Spa111, I• rnncc, :ind England pat together. IIoro 1<uch pion~er:i would bo wanted in the t1r~t in-tnnce to build the Paci tic railroad, gu11rJ tho do pot!'! of suppl ie:i, &.c., fol'm sottlcmcntR along the route, anti give military t1ecurity again"t Indian~ aL a co .. t that cnul~ ?<:n1 coly., by any po::1sibility, roach what Canu la all'eaJy pays for her mounted m1hlnry police, 1,000 dollars per mnn por annum. F111· los:; woulci be the co't ?f tho p.1 i.:i!l':c I)( military scttlcr::1 and thoir families with a supply of three ye:.ir':; rallO~!l nm! n_gricul­t1iral implemenl.::I, while thu co,·ored c:U'b that conveyed them t-0 tho1r locat10~ _on their prnil'io home would gi\'c shelter until quarterb wore con~tructed. Bl'1~1-h Columbia, especially along it:i southern frontie1· and in V:lllCOU\"Cr's r-.tn.nd, reqmr 'I

~mch military :settlements, fol' m:1111fc!'L rca-.ons it is not uccc--..nry to dl':lcn · '!hu dimato id mor..i ft\\"Ou111blc to our rncc than thnt of any colony, except pcrh~ps !\o,. Zealand and 'l'asronnia; il ro,omble-. En~l:ind without tho :n-.t wind :rho -amo }>hyc;ical cau,;o,, that htwo contributed to .England';, greatnc-.s will, to 11 certain extent, create in Vancouver':-; J_.,)un1l in no very remote future a pro:;pcro1~~ 1·~unlry.) ~~u equable tern pernturo pmduccd by tho cq uatoritll current, c:0rrc•p md111~ m tho { • c1tic to the .Atlantic liulf Stream, brings down tho i:-othermnl l111c,; 1.1r scuth of th_o corre" ponding latitudes on tho eastern co:i,.,t, cl'C:.tling a climate thnt ~1vc.<> n. maicnnnm or working day~ in Lho yc:u· a~ :\gninst climatus of extreme,;. Va11c11u\'er •. [ .. (.mt~ nn'1 Briti:>h Columbia iH us lnrgu as Fnrnco nnd Ireland, but tho nrnlllo al'O:t is c.111t1acto<l by tho monntnin range~; tho1·0 nro, however, vast .trnct'i of brn-.h·~l'a·s 1m1.u1b_lo for herds tb:tt require no hou~e wintcl'ing. 'l'bo conl, iron, nnd gold, and -<plcwh1l t11n~•er not far from a Horic.s of mnguiticcnt harbonl's, w il l make Va1~C1.Hl\'Cr a traclo '.t~1rtlll.l{ 1>oint from Amel'icn. for Asin-ns . Eng lam~ ~~a~ _bcc_n f~~om Em ~(•l' l'.> An.~or~ca ... If there is nny truth in Bur:klu':." l[.,.,tol'y of C1nhzat1on, th:1t Wc,..tc1 n B11uun "111 ho gl'cat ! when the Californi1m rcccinng- no !resh blood from Eu1·opc. hni; dcgou· ot'l\to<l in to tl1e sa11s souciimre of tho :>Onthcl'n hnropenn. . .

'rbi,.. j,.i the count1-y that n,.k,, fol' ~ecc,,..,ion ror want of .r:ulwny nrt~r1nl .~o.~n C· tion with C:tnn.<ln. It i" too for for om· populat1ou to rl'nch 1L by thll ord11111r5 ·) tom of " drift."

300

'l'hc short-scrvico ")'!!tern of our \ rmy will i:;upply. ~i yo m~, ''igourou , :l!ul intelligent. cln s l)f cmi•?nmt ... who hn' o been long enough m tho .Anny to learn ha Lit of order nnJ obedience ~vitho~1t being o Ion" 11s to acq uiro a di like 101· hu1·d lauo~1r, or tho mtcmponito habit too oft-011 tho re ult o[ monotonous and prolrflclctl son'H'o in n tropicnl cli mntc. 'l'o load yom· hort.sc1·v1co ~\.l'my. re orvc~~ and fHlttlc thorn whore thC1y: re mo t wnntcd! on thl' oxpo C'tl faont~ors ll~ tho l~mp1rc, as tho Itorn~n legion wn plnnt<1d "ith their Officers to hol1 l. the ltno ot tho t,>anubc, nnil be~omo 111

lo1w n •c tho Roumnninn people, you soon will hiivo by tho Compul ·01-y Hct11'Cmc11t Wn~r.i~t n plothorn of' young energetic Ollice1·e con.den11.no~l prem:lt!11·oly to linger grumblingly on tho step,; of" tho c1·ntc h :ind toothpick. }ou mny fin l among- lhom thouJh no v "mnto and in~lorions,·• :-01110 J~LLIOi!-{h or Miles l::llu.ndish, ancl (if.lei:;g visio1mry nrnl fanatic than Nliz·iliothnn 01· P11nl:rn horol.ls) crowds of such sclf-1·olinnl eavalic>r,. ru; plantc l the Oltl Dominion that yon lo;:j t th1·ou~h "d1·ift." LcL your young-, though time-e xpired :-ol1lio1 s, go unn build you UJ~ n now Dominion. o n t ho l'acific lopo . 'I'he lamls which no longer belong to tho C1·own may be regained by th o purchn,.o of hnro-" in tho Canadian P.tcitic lfailt-ond, in accordan ce w i th the origm. I plan pt oposctl by Sir .John A. Mnc lonnl1l, P omillr of Canada, _viz: To build tho lino by tho nlo of l:md of no vnluo to C.rnn Jn until ::1cttlo1l, allott1n~ a 1'trip of territory nlon~ tho propo~cd P~cilic 1biltoa l ro11t-O a<> a portion of the sha res and i.ecnrtt.> of tho,o who advanced capital to lrnihl lho line. Other mil way ~chome::i, uotnbly tho t:rnnl •rrnnk, hnvo been t.hc ruin of m~n.r, because almos t all the hharo" wo10 in the hnnd ... of holders livin; in England. Sec that the Cu.naclians take a fair t1hnic of tbi rospon,,ibility, which they nro quilo ready to <lo, see ing thoy have a ttempt-0 I to buiM the road alone withouL help b~.rond an Imperial ~ 1amntee to their loan of a,000,000l. Railway stock may "Sink, tin Egyptian Kho.l1vo may repu11into, out soil along a raihvay in a suitnblo climate cannot remain ,·al uel e~s, an<l is a mntorin1 ~11m1111tcc against Jo,.:;. To enable the Im pcrial Govern men L to carry o ut nn orgnnize<l scheme of military colonization, it will be ncce:ssary for her to pnr· chnso stock (which will carry with it !an.I) in tho Canadian Pacific lfatlway. It is t\ t111c1-, tiafcr route to India through her own te1Titory than that she purchu~ctl hy her l"harc~ 111 tho ::iuez ( anal. Canada i:;houltl of cour:-10 :start a similar ~y.:item by select­ing military colonish from the Officers and men of her permanen t ly embodied I ilitia nnd contingent fo1· Imperial ~ervice whon the necos.;ity fur &uch arises. She

will by this mean- not only dernlopo bet· tcrl'ito!'}", give it protection, but obtain efficient military Fen·icc without running into tho bottomless expenditure of Army pen ion . (I)

1l 'ho succcsi:; of any such sy:!tem will depend entirely on selection pure and simple

of qunliticd Officers , who must be let alone in their :mb-:;el,•ction. Any a ttempt a t, development of the " poor devil, gi\·e him a berth, :sy :s tcm," can't possibly :mccee<I , 'vhcn men hn,·o to co•1te nd a •ain::t nalurc, who must be fought with her O\Yll wenponR ' election of tho fittcot."

0

'lhc elected three yea1s' time expir.-id good conduct non-commi-.sione<l officer or i;oldicr from tho Uriti,,h Army or C.:ann lian regul:ir troops, should :-i~n n.11 agree­ment to scr\·e fi\'e year:-:, but bu liable to di mi,,,..a\ for mi:sconduct 01· lazinc..;~, the 1irsL two in ono of' the Canadian depo u of regular troops. Ile wou !ti learn tho country, nnd tho dc1,ot Officer:; would learn bi,, cliarncter and ability. At tho expira­tion. of tho lirst two year::.ofprobation, ho would bo sent on to amiltlar_rfarrn on tho 1'11c1fic rai lw:iy or frontier of British Columbia, whc1·c ho would be employed in COllH·

t ructing the rnilway aud learning pra<·tical agl'iculture on the Go\•c1·nmcnt farms under Officcrt1 nnd non-commis"Sionc<l oflice1·;i who had learned tho work by similar }Jl'e \·iou traiuinu. Should he still have comltwtcd him,;e)f well, and .... hown that he woul J be likely to succce<l on a farm, ho would be given one in a 1>01·ic::! of villngeti.

(1) The Briti h capitalis t will serve himself lln I his co•mtry better b y investin~ in s•tch I\ mil wily and colonization achem , rather than.by lenuiog b13 money to Rus3ia for the coostructi >n of strategic rallw1tye.

301

ll is hOU RO ho wou ld pro,·iou ly hn,·o ~ i tcd to huiltl with hi co~nrnd whilo work· iug a11 a military lnb 1uror ; d urinJ bi five y ears' period he would b re eh-ing ration and pay; buL uftor boing s tar ted on ' ' 1nrm wit h a houso nn l imfl m n nnd rntiona til l tho firs t 1111rvost wa~ ronpod, he iJhould r equire 110 moro n i tnn , but. ho till liable to fron tier mili t:u-y or police sor\·i~, nnd military di cipline und r hi chiofi. It woul1l bo ueces. •1ry to continuo pay to Officers nnd non-eomrni ionod officers aupervising work and maintaini ng discipiino for w hich it. would ho noccs ry to invest them with magiat-0rinl p~wore.

302

=

APPENDIX No. 8.

Rgroirr ox Tirn DIWENCE OF BRlTISlI COLUMBIA.

CIT mu, Qu1;nEc1 17th N ovembor, 18'79.

Sm.-1 hnvo tho honor to aubmit tho following report on tho ticfonco of Bl'ith1h Coh11nbia.

I h:wo trl'ntect the snbjcct: first, on tho general question of its vulnerability a.nil tho mean of dcfcucc; ·ccond, catogorically, in !'<'ply to the !otters of im1truction from tho Irnpcriul Go,·ernml'nt, eopici; of which (A) (B), given to mo by Col. Lovell. ".B., H.E., aro nltttched herewith.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient sorvnnt,

T. ELA.ND STRANGE, Lt.-Col., R.A.,

Thl• J,icnt. -Gonoral Commanding .Militia of Canada.

Dominion Inspector of Artillery.

REPORT ON l'HB DEz'E!iCE OP DRIT!SII COLUMBIA.

I.-" Genernl question of vulnerability and means of dofenco; · I f.-

11 '1 ho mean.~ to he adopted for plncing tho harbours of E~quimalt anrl Victoria

in an efficient i:;tate of defence, hy pormanont works, tbo extent to which temporary wo1·k,.. may be mado available being reported;

lil.-Whethor the c two harbour:; mny bo con8idorod independently, or whether, on the other hand, a tlcheme of defenC'o mu!;L noce~onrily embrace beth, bearing in mind that &'luimalt, :ti:! an Imperial station, itl of primary imµort:mce;

IV.-" Tho gm rison required to be permanently maintained, and the man nor in which such garrison should be COnlit.ituto<l, tltating the extent to which n istancc in this rc:,poct mny be expected from local resource::!;

V .- "Tho advisability of providing defonC'Oi:! for the coaling station at S anaimo, from which the dockyard at J•},,quimnlt nn<l 1<toamships navigating the Northern Pacific along tho conlit of America arc chiefly Fmppliod with coal."

l.-" General quc8tion of vulnerability and means of defence." Hcfel"l"ing to the Ja;.it pamgraph of tho lotto1· of instruction (B), herewith

1lttacho<I, "on the moafiurci; to be taken fo1· the defence of tho Pacific C.:oast of Iler lfaje ty'B dominions in tho event of war," wo are directed to bear in mind it! di"" tanf'.c from nny nav:d a1. enal, and tho difficulties which must, thcrcfc1·e, attend hostile operation directed ngaio,st it. I con ... idcr it myctnty to bring to your notice the following foot , which show that tho difficulties of defence nro groate1· than tho racili.tios. for attack, and that tho base~ of bosti le oper:i.tions aro much noaror thnn if! 1mpliod m the parngrnph above mentioned. Nevcrthelo ....... , 1 nm of opinion that it is

hy no mcanR imprn~·tiC'ulilo to plnco the few \•itnl point inn po itil n of urity, hy tho cmplacc111~11l <11 powerful guu!l, npplomcntcd by torpc looc-nnd t •IC,{ruph gnal!'!, and that a co11111m·atin.!ly mull gnrri on, ui od by loc.Ll rosouroo, nn J t 1 t.:ompl1 tio11 of communi<·ntion by i.hc Cnundinn P nc1fio l wilwny, would mnintaiu tho ink •r ity of tho cmpil'c, which , othcrwi c, l r<' pectfnlly i;ubmil, will bo ondnn;,?crcd nt uo di lnni day from internal n~ well UR external 80t1rccs of di integration. With J'Orillr I to tho ncarc::.t. na\•td ari;ennl an<l baiso of 110,,tilc opcrntio11s, the United Stat ' 110\". I tab­lishmcnt at .Mcai·o'i! l slanrl and tho 01iln:inco cst.nblishme11l nt Bcnicin, th y ore ad mi l'alily fii tnatcd as a bn1;c, and protected by tho cffoctivo anti hc:wil)-111 me I \\ 01 kh in Sau Franci ~to Harbour, anrl though tho political y:;tcm in tho United Stat•" docs not tou·I to (•fticicncy in dockya .. cb nncl ur~cnalR, we must hear i11 rnin<l th· cxtrn­ordina•T energy of the people of the United St;llcs, their wealth, and powcrofmpid product ion of Wal' rnatorinl when once engaged in w1u"

Tho Govcmmc11t naval und ordna11co cstnbli,.hm<'ntB at .Mcnro'" T lnncl nnu Benicia wouhl Ill' immecliatcly aud largely 1mpplome11tcd by tho private ontorprii;c of tho large forgi11g c~tablishmcnL~ and fnctoriM, :ind tho cnorrnou mntc1 inf nod ishippinI? intcrc~Ls. of tl~e ~tnto of Californi:1, which i" nl.o c·onnoctcd hy z-i:ilroad with the con! and iron du;trict", and arsonnlsof the Eastern St:itc.s. .A ccond r:ulwny, ii already in pro~rcss, tho .Nothern P aci lie Hnilway, with n Lo1·minu on Pu •ct., 'ound where coal i:; being worketl (at Scnttlc). Jn fuct, within two or three years there will ho five line~ of railway:<, bc..,idc, a net,vo1·k of telegraphs, which will bring Lho Pacific Coa~t into ch·cct cornmunication with the .Ea.,lern !;tntc , in addition to tbc 0t•din'lry !!ea route from San 1''1·anci .. <:o to tlw Straits of FncJi, which would cnuble ho United State;.i t6> launch a largo body of tl'Oop:; and war material f1om a point no mnny miles from onr frontier~, bct?rc any assistnnl'C coul1l ho ohtnin~d from the 11enre1>t Britit.h IJlbO of .-upply-Ind1a. Our only tclograph cnrnrnum :itr~n I ·~ween Britit,h Columbia and England, or oven Canadn, p:t•8e;. through tho Uurtcd ~t.ntcs. This will be remedied nt. un early date, no doubt, anti the Cauadinn Pacific Hnil1o:ui will bo pushed forwnrJ to completion. That portion ali·cady dccidod np HI along n part of tho Valley of tho Fra.o.;01·1 to t~e nnvigable watc1:s of lhat 1-i\'cr, will opc11 up n stock and grain 11rodnci11g t.i·~.:t. wh_1ch would. othcrw1"e .hnrn heen t.np_PCfl by tho United Stale~ ~orlhem l'ac1fic 11110 rnto ·wa,,l1111gton Tc111tory, upon wl11ch our food imppliei; for V uneou\·01· Island are now dcpend:mt-a "lute ot allni1 s re11dering er:ion defenco impossible. .

The Unit~d State ... ' Territory of Ala. kn b~ing witho~1t s white popnlnt.1011, ncc<l not at present be considered us rt ba"c of !1o~ttlc opc.ratio:°i<•. hut ~1. c Hu r~n !in,·e lately est:iblishcd a tor~ificd b:be of opornt1on;.i on then· A ... wt1c l'~etti? Coa t.111 d1roo~ communication with St. Potcroburg. Dnrrng tho late complrc.'lt1011 , when w.nt 11eomed imminent a Rus,.ian fleet ll'<scmlileJ in San Frnnci~co hnrbour, nnd w~1le the B1·itish "quad:.on was cngngod watching a South .A.moril'nn couto t, n Hu ... JIU.I

man-of-war i;teamcd up to Esquimalt harbour, and could havo destroyed the l•litnry un vosscl lying there before :;ho got np i-w:im, bul'llt tho dockyard. an~ Hhollod ~ho

~wn. Tbis was prc•·iom; to tho construction of tho pro:;cnt Jund clclcm:es w~1ch a.re however far from complete, nnd ~hould be added to, .much mor'<.1 powerlnlly a.r~cd, and h~vo tclegn1ph Hignals to give notice of. npprnaclung v~~ el .. , all tli<:f1' and tho following considcrutions point to tho 11ecei;.,1ty of complot111g the defence .. CJ!

Esquimalt. i bl th 1 The c 'f!:iion of tho ('enfral channel and Isl:mcl of San Juan wo1il1 cnn o . e

Unite;! StatcR''to confine us ton channel, in one. part only two mile" ''ido. l~r placing battcric>1 on James nnd Henry Islands; there 1s a. channel clo c t.-0 tho ! ~1100.u,\"cr l ·I d } 0 ·c by '\'ht'ch such bn.ltcrios could be avoided. Lut that t'hnn11cl 1~ 111tranto t; an s i i . . . · 11 • ·ru I • 11 · 1 '· for and ummitcd to tho general purpose!I. of nnng:l~100; stJ moro <11 cu t \\OU 1 1 ue

tho pat;i:;ngo of n cri l_lplcd voi;!!~l scck1 n~ a g1~anng ~o?.k or harbour of refuge through the inland waters ot tho Arclupelagoo1 Gult ?fG~1gia. . . . ~

z I accom i·micd Colonel I..<>,·cll, R. E., rn h1., exnmmntion of ,·nr1ou h rhon1.;-, Nanaimo J3utc

1:;n<I Burrard Inlet, and more partic~1larly B;\1'<'l:ly.Sou11.1l nnd .r\lberm

Canal. j obtained llctaill'd information fro m Captm11 lfonnell, au mtclhgout officer of

:-======~==============-===========~-==

tho 13 mb y a~my, who vi itcd tho coust n fnr ns Port Simpson. 'l'ho sonior naval ofllc r c mm in 1111 r tho "tation, Cnplnin P.1got, I{ X., afforded us oniry facility, and pine I nt nr Ii p snl JI. ~1. S. ·• l'oc mt." corn mun led by Cnptnin 01 l11h.u·, H. N., who ~I o givo th tho I onofit of h ·s oxporic11co nncl knowlc:<l~o, and I rna~I carcfnll.~· ~ho i opot o f \d rn i 1.11 de Hor cy nncl other n:1 \'nl uu thor1 tic • _u~ al,,o of tho 1>01111111011 ( ;o,·1:1 r n n En incors. 'l'hctt appuarll to 1110 no place so i;mtnblo for a navnl 1:1tation A'( E. q ti rn.al .

3. Thc1 nl'c o'her sid e" to Hai vory <·omplientcd and important ques tio n, many ~oint of which J o not ptc ... cnt them ch-cs lo tlio::-o who cnn only forn1 co nc·lnMions from mnps, uch n suitability for i;cttll1nwnt nml capability of fre!'h food, wator nnd Mal upply.

4 . .Not with tnniling tho clitlfoultic~ which present thom soh'CS to t he complete defence of J\;quim.1It, it cannot he :uh•i,:;ablo to iguoro tho largo i;unb of mo ney that hsvo bee n nlrcacly !<pent by tho Imperial G O\.Cl'll mont on tho doekyanl ; o n tho grn\•in r do k by the Provincial Government, to which n .:;ubsiby ba,, bee n }Jl'Omiscd l1y tho Impcrinl Governmeut; nnd finally, tho expenditure on the b:tttol'io:; IJUi lt by tho Dom inion Govern ment.

ri. Tho abnn loumont of faquimult a~ nn imperial and naval statio n w il h n grsving dock in fovour of a more i;outhorn port not in our own tcrritorie.s, untl w hc1·0 there i no n tuna I up ply of con!, on tho pica of greater commercia l intcrusts south of S::m Frn 1 i ·o, w oul I, I bclic\·c, be a mi:- tako of a very gravo character.

II. nn I Ill.-" 'fbo moans to l>o nd t> pled for plueing tho harbour:> o f !<J,qu imal t and Victorin in nn cm ient i;tatc of defence by permanent work8, tho extent lo which t ho torn p rar.r work'! mny be mudo available being reported."

•·Whet her t110~0 two harbour:- may bo considered independen tly, or w hethe r on tho o the ·hand n :-chcme ofdefoneo mu,,t nccc:-sarily embrace both, lJOaring in mind ihnt E quimnl t n,.. an Imperial otation is of primary importance."

I find it ndvi,..able to treat hcndi11g IL and III. together, commencing with the latter a,; n 11ntural order of sequence.

Stmtegicnlly, it would be quite po>1oiblc, and, perhaps advisable, to consider the defonce of the two harbour::. separately. Breaking down the bridges fro m Victoria to E. .. quim·dt, nncl fortifying the neck of tho p eninsula between tho two harbours, abandoning the defence of Yictoria town and harbour as difficult to 1<ecure and ,..econdnr.r in i mportance. no~ only could tho town be helled from R oss Hay, but boat Inn ling could be ctic::tcd a t Cordova B ty anti o ther place~ on the south-ca~t coast. Ncver thelc .;1 morally, it would bo inalvi8:tblo enti rely to abandon t ho dcfcnco or Yictoi in, c pec:ally a') Yacauly Point Battery as::;ists in the defence of tho en t rance to bo' h har boar .

The D m in ion Go\omme nt hnve already built the butteries, while t he prci;en\ nrmument is lent by tho lmpcrinl Government.

' l'ho d fonc·e of Esquimalt is mainly an Tmpcriul quo ... tio n, a,5 m Ol't.l int imately conncrted with the roynl nnval i:;tat ion and graving dock .

T ho charncter of the coast forming tho ha rbours of E :iquim:ilt anli Yictoria differs n tially in its want of hollnc" fro m the coast of tho mn.in lan<I of British Columb'a. Compal'ath·~ly l?w rid~cs of' r ock leave .funnel shaped dopre,..sio n~ o pen toward th.e ca, 1·c~donng 1mpo<is1 blo ?o mpl ctc dohlado from even a modornloly curved art1 1lcrv traJcctory. Tho blue Imes o n tho accompanying plun made tho po 4 iblc ltnc o f fire upon tho docky:u1l anti g raving <lo1.:k of E-r1uirnult a nd o u tho town of Yictorin, which co11ld he taken up by ho tile vessels 01ttJ;ide th~ u1 cg of fire (red on plau) of the rrc::.cnt arma ment.

Unfo1 Lunately, _the docky~rtl buildings ~ppear to have bcon placc 'l \Vitliout nny rofcrcnco t-0 protcct1on, but bomg merely bU1l t of woo l und eKpo,,od in po it ion it might be t houg ht worth while to remove them to Indiau Covo. A" tho h nrboue 'and gravi.ng d0<:k c:iunot be removed, they mu .t ho <lofendccl by m ounting n1 tillory isufficacnt.ly powerful~ keep an enemy at a d1stancc, and prevent vc els !yin" iu .. oyal ~oads nnd. shellrng along the lines marke l blue. llut the e doprc ions ;v~uld be d 1flicult of d1seo;·ery by a stranger, and could only be utilized fairly IJj a vessel

305

and101.c<l in that liuo uf fi ro or tu 1rnirig nlong itr-n dnn •caou , f I by ur~a llory of any po\\ or or uecu HC'y. g m II '"'o 1 oppo c

l• o .. the defence, therefore, of I~ 1uimnlt, it \\'Ould bo nccc ry lo th hatt~1-y on 1~ 1 ot horis. ls lund, ro11dciin,g- it permanent by ro;·cttin, it w~o~1111>n e c plac111g n sualablo Jll\'OL fin· the S·inch "llll rcncwin, tho I L" I I • , <l •11 ,.. , t:> I' n 10 m , 1 11 oxpcn c u~n:,, 1;:1110 an ni-t1 cry stm·e. I t might be nee~ nry to thr. \\ n fi.m lo I of >'Lou~,. to form a mall ln~nkwntc•r aero;\ tho littlo IIor,.0 Slaoo Bay in t'io c n 'C of the. 11;Ju.11tl i ~he a rnc applie,, to Mnc1111lny Point Battery, tho natnrnl c c 1 p . t of wl11ch 1s l_in111g g1·a<1ua}ly wa heel a wny by tho sc:i.

~ cnt11·c·ly c-onc.:111· 111 the recrJm1norulutio11 ofUencr11I Sir J~lwanl S ILy RmJ th nnd Ad mmd De ll o1~~oy, that a powerful lmttcry iis essential on Signal II ill, \~h·ch co

0•

mand ~ •. not .ouly .tho sea app1·oach, lmt tho l\HJ road" from tho Inn I idc, u \V II n the whole .rnt~r~or of the h:nbour. A couple of 9 in1.:h ~[. h R l ~·lou gun , mounted in ~foncr1cfl _pits ul~slcd Oil~ of' lhc rock, would, I think en~ givind an all·nron cl fire it would> 110 1 m~o :11hlc to 1;dcnco), form a very rnluablc elome11t ofdofoncc.

1,orld 11111 lH·e,.cnt.-. .a very (a,·ournble itc, tho gl'oun I formin, natural cm­lmt:;un•s and traverse", with a sheltered toilc for a macrnzine; it i ca"'ilJ . cc iblo hy bo:1t from the c~o~kyard; tho frci;IJ.w:iter upply i there. .\.heavy Li:itk> :.r houl i he built un Hodd I 0111~ to protect the entrance to E~uunnlt, mtd to ('I firo with ~'.·o:hcr:- f ,land and S1~11nl ll ill. l~ntlei ie nnd )foe iulay l'oint-2,60 ) n I . 'I'ho at m.1ment :-ibould not, 111 my 01n111011, be lcs tLan 9-inch 12-ton .;\f. Ii. H f.{tt • They would nl"? hear up tho royal 1.oncl:s, and n -.hip entering offer n f.wou1.iblc

1 arnllclo­

g ram of fire to thcu~. A port ton of the Hodd Hill .ll 1ucry would :il.:o cnfi J tho tong~e of land fonnmg the slioroof' tho i;alt la~oon. It would, howe\·cr, b h j nble to bu!ld .a. bloc:!.: hou1:oo on Belmont Hill, othcrwi-.e a fow riflemen woul I 1cn I r tho R o1ld ,11111 batlct-y u1_1tcnablc. Belmont Hill t.nkc' it in rO\'Cl'l'C nt. ubout 400 y:ird.

1' 1:-g-ard bland 1s t<10 hmull and roC'ky t{J tic Ul)OU ad\':.mt.1guou"h :i n bean· gu11 em placement. · •

I ~voulc~ not p ropose :~ny lmt hea~·.r gun for the dei'cn('O •>I E"t{Uimnlt, with the oxccpt1011 ot a battery of fou r hon,·.r t1dd guns, JG-pourHlcr n. ~L Ji., \\ ith ltnt no. .. ~, &«., complete, to be h:11Hlcd oYcr to the Canadian ~ftlitia Artillcrj, un I ho1 I b}· ~arm hot:!'c.s to meet boat altnek either on the ~c,·eral hayis so:ilh-\\ c"t c,f Victorin. !t·oni w h1<'h then' :u·o gr~! r?n<b !O tho town. or to r<.>pel a ln111Ji11,; to the o !Stwnrd rn ~o(,lrn l!::rhou1·. I n tlu-; d1rect1on the rough nn l densely wooded chn <'er of tho co11_ntry will c-01~fino an oncmy 1i:1vin~.to fan I ,..upplic~ nnd ammunition t tho rood, which could cn.-.dy be clo ed :igc11nst. 111111: !111 J nny counter barricade of uc•1 ro:id, hr fol.led tree.;, co.1~!<1 only be ~orc·c<l with. artillery. 'l'he country mun '\ 1ctoria, e:-pcc1ally ~\·c~t of 1t to t.ho .sea, 1 comparntm.!l} open . nd suited Jor ti d m tillorJ. O n the pr111~1plo 1 hat 1t 1 alwny;; a fri ... ablc t-0 pince batleJ ics i11 n Iv of wh t t~cy defend, 1t wn" contemplated to recommend the con truction ofn b:ttt y on th h igh land betwccn.~\lbcr:t II end ~nd !?odd Head, to hear on v~ ... el coming up he rond .. to the l'ntri.11co of 1!., qmmnlt, wrth <>,000 ,·nrd:; extreme rancro to .\lncaulny Point but I do not t·.on,..idcr it n lvi,.al.>lo fo1· the iollowing rcn,on' :_:::

h t. I t would ex tend the ilcfonec lioyon I the powers of tho i;m1 II b dr of me i t hat would be available. I t i~ 11 miles trom Yictoria by l:tml. •

2n<l . tiuch a bnttory wo11!1l lie liable to be tnken in rc\·c·r,o by an enemy from Snoke If arbour :uh·anci ng nlong tho road and acr ,, !"'trn~,tcr'.'I Pl11111 .

~rd . 'l'ho height bcin~ ~50 feet, extreme dcpre-. ion 1°, gives mngo of 600 ;nrd", in..,ido w hich a nJ:--icl would ho secure from its fir". •

Su ppo"ing the battery were withdrnw11 300 yard.; from tho "horc, th w:atcr i'I deep enough to nllow a ,.c ~ol running nlong 300 ynrd~ from <iho10.

Torpwoes. The prc-.ence of the Hoynl N n\·y would r<)ndor tbo torng • t tho do kynrd or

materi a l,, for a torpctlo y ,,tom a naturnl pre :iution, while tho layin , th m don·u rn time of W•tr would naturally form part of their dut.y. 'l'hcir mo nip 1l 1tion might bo left. to the pro po, cd g:irri on of mm inc artillery.

8-~v

306

A } .. tom of tclt.>graphic• ignnl", from ,\ lburt Head round tho coa t to 1<outh mu.I cA t of\ iclotin1 could \;n ily Le ci;tal>li~hct l arnl rn aintainc<l uy tlio al.Joyo monlionod garri-.on.

\\ ith 1 J!tlrd to tho tcmpornry work.. co11l'trnttc<l by l1i<:ut..Colo11cl Irwin, Jn<ipcctor of A1 tillc1 y, tu king into :H'<·o1111t thl• 1-mnll 1S11m of mont•y und tho inntlo­qunto mcnn nt. his <li'J>(l~nl, l am of opi11io11 tliat they toul<l llot huvo been better <lovi I or executed,'' ith the c:Xtl'ptio11of1-11mc trifli11g dotnib of 110 great imporlniwc. A Hntto1y 011 llollnnd Poi11t. would 11:1' c t'<11111111111dcd, more otlc<.'tunlly, tlH• l'lllian1:o to Victorin ll:u bour, lint Lieut.-Colont•I I 1 win wa::i d irC'ctcd not to Oc<·upy that. 1-1ill'

-011 Rl'Count of tho. um of money demandul for i!!I pmc·hni;e. A batlt•iy 011 Ilollnnd Point for n touplc of ~cYen inch u~·ton g11ni; iH therefore tH'<'Ct'Hu·y lo protcrt tho mouth of\ it-to1 in 11111 liour, by n cl'O~i' tire with .:Mne:rnlay Point. Victo1·ia .Point lhttt-rr doc not cntii cly command the c11t1·:tn(•o to Virtoria Ilnrbour-thc ti1·0 of the ~·ight gun is mn:-kt•d by point~ of lnnd running out nnd by mkncning woodH. Jt won) I uo de irable to render the })l'esl'llt wo1 Jn. pcnna11cnt by revelti11g the interior !opus of the gun po-.itions in \'ltone 01· brick, whilo tlio other slope:! could udcc11111.toly

Io ccmcd ly upl'ight eodur "tock:lllo rc,·ot111t•11t. It hn l.Jcen pl'cviou,.,fy pointed out that tho present batteries nl Finlayr:on ancl

Viel< 1 "n Point cnn Io taken in rever-.c, by attacks from boats landing in Cor<lon1 and othm· bay to tl1e cn-.tward.

A Cl nt1 Lll keep, with a couple of .l\loncl'icff pit-:, on Beacon Ilill, would have a <· 111 idornble ,weep to -.cnward, and would ubo command tho gorges of tho above mc11tio11cd uattc1 ie , a~ well as 0110 that might be erected on llolland Point, but the <'Xpca e" < f~uC'h nn unrlcrtnking would not, pcrbnpR, be commewmrato with th~ ro><nlts ~nirwd, nor with the probable ~trcnglL of garrison avaibblo. Monericff pit-<, if con tz uctccl 011 Renton antl Signnl Hill, re)ipcctivoly, wouid require, in gl'oat mea.<:urc, to Io blnsted out of the rock, but tho COl't of revetment would bo atwNl and the 1n otcction of tho gun, cnrringc and Rtores from weather or dcpredr.tior~ would be comploto hy covering with n"hingle roof. Such temporary sholtor would ho en ily 1c1110\·cd fut· r;C!Tico, and need not inlcrforo with gnn practice. In lieu of et o tin~ n centr:tl keep on Beacon Ilill, l would recommend closing the gorgoH of ..\!ac:111lay, Finl:ly:>on un I Victoria Point Batteries with t1tockadcs. A pol'lion of the wood which grow:-i thickly up to tho gorge of Finlayson Batte1'Y would havo to l>e clt:m1cd nwny. J~-timatc::i for :--tockading herewith.

E ti mated co t-. vf closing the gorgcl'l of battoriei; by means of stockade:> oon­l!trnctc .I .of i;nwn cedar po:--L~ 6 x 6 inchc~, painto<l at top, coated with coal tar for 3 foot G rnchc at bottom to prevent decay, and loop-holed or so arran<rcd a~ to a lmit of smnll arm Iii o ugain::,t any lund attack. ' 0

Macaulay Point Battery.

4'.!f'l feet, 1,278 po::;ts 11 feet Jong, 6 x 6·inch 'lawn cedar . :~t ; .. 16 , r.cr 1000 (board m<1a~ure) .. . ..... . .. . .. ....... . . '. SG87 00

1J1ggrng. 4.W feet. trcn~h 3 foot deep, tar ring and Hcttmg po~t.s, 10cludmg loop-holing........... .. .. . ..... . 100 00

787 00

Finlayson Point Battery.

:.1:10 feet, 900~po~ts J 1 foot lonu, 6 x 6-inch 1mwn cedar, at elti per 1000 (board IDCUt'UrO) .. .. .. ·•••••••••. · · ·•·•·•• ••• $522 00

IJ1ggrng :-rn~ feet .tl"Cncb 3 fc~t deep, tarring and setting J>OHt , mcludmg lvop·hohng. . .. .• • •. .. ...... .... ... ... .. .. 7'T 00

599 00

Victoria Po"nt Battery.

21i0 foot! 780 po ts 11 feet long, Ii x G·inch s:nvn ccdnr, nt . Slh per lOIJIJ (IJ'>ard rno1 urc).................. .•...... 411 00

Dig~rng '.!G.0 feet .trench .i foct cl cop, t!trring and otti11g po:St8, 1ncluilmg loop-holing......... ........ .. ............ fil OO

-ii2 00

Total O!'Li mated co,,L of f'todrndc, S l ,S;;s. ~'l.10 )1aca11lay Pui11l b~1ttcry h inclt1•lod, liec..-iti-.c, thou~h it might he cenrc I in

war .1! .the notk of tho pcn111 nla between J~,quimrlll nn<l \rictoria wore entrenched yot, if 1t '~01·c 1·c:1chc<l by a land attack, it woul1l bo rcn lcro<l completely unwnnbl; by a fow t·1fl l'1!1c11pm:1tcd011the 1 .. wk 1·idgo~nhout500 yn1d ... di tuncc. '1'110 propo..c I tock­~~e would dtJtila<lo tho cxcav.atcd trrrc Ji/Pm, nnd ;1tl1)l'(l mc:n. for mu kctry tire in reply. Ihey would also ton<l materially to prc-el'\·o tho Lattari~., from the dupro lauou of ~attl.o :uHl. marau l~r:-1 who h:wo :dz·ca ly broken )nto, plnndcrctl tho ma •nzinc,,, anti cnrrzed oil .:iomo of tho gun :.tore-... 0

TO RECAPITULATE.

Arm lmcnt of Rsquima t, in A ldition to Present Annamc11t.

. R.,dl Point.-Four 0-iuch 13 ton TI. ?ILL. guns on tmvors"ng plnlform nn J C'.lr­rzngc-;.

Siqrial Hill.-'fwo 9-inch 12 ton R. JI. L. guns on )foncriclf cnrriagc .

Pn sent .1rmament.

Brothers' lsland.-Onc 8.inch D ton R M. L f!Un, 2.6-l p lr. G ! cwt. R. :\f. L. guns. Maca1tlay Poiut.-Thrcc 7-incb <i1 ton R .M. L. gun'< .

Prcsellf Armament for Victoria.

Finlay.wn Point.-Two r. _ pr. R. )f. L. gun~. Victoria P oint.-Two 1~ pr. H. )I. L. gnn:-.

Prop6sed A1lditio11al Armament.

Two 7-inch t.i~ ton R. .M. L. gun" for prop'J"01 battery on Holland Poii•t.

Por Op/ 1sing Bo it Attack, & ••

.Four 16 pr. R. :\!. Ii. field gun", c·nrringe-., harne~s. etc. .A.::i the :tmounl for rn .. qnimnlt will prohably bo furnbhoi by tho Imperial u l\"Orn­

ment, 1t will U.oubtlc.,s be 1mpplio I from Woof .vich, of the p1·e-1tinL "'cn·ico p:ittorn.;, Shonl<l tho DJminion Government cont.omplato tho purch:\SI' or any~ Ill, [ w ml I

not recommend tho latter, bocnuso tho gun q no ... tion i-i in dob tlo, bcin!{ ro~11-.idc1·c I hv a committee at. the w:u· officc. nnd a complete chnnge in con,,truction may bo intro Ince l, rendering ob.,oluto tho gun~ at pre:>cnt. in ~toro nt Woolwich, \Vhicil would oo j .. ., 1e l on purchase.

Great results hnvo been pro(lucod by n. Ion~ gun (chamber~!), nn(l. 111 my opinion, tho D,Hninion Go,·ornmont ''oul1l nol dn. bottor th.rn apply to 'ir W_illiam I>alliset• to con-itruct 11uch hcnvy guns l\'l Uri) rcqmrod, tho'o C0ll"'lructcd liy lum for tho_, 'nitcd St :lll.'" being p"reo.minon~ly -.nti-..focto1·.)~ io tho or>Jnion. of, the 01.licor~ .or the Unite I State~· A.rtillury, nle Un1w<l, tMo-i Art11lcry by U:lpta111 h. Pnllz,or; lor 61-poundoi· :lml smnllor gun ... , it hM bco 1 proved by tho suc<:c1':>ful mnnufactur1: of

8-20~

:>08

Mr. Gill>ert, at the C:mn In. Enbino Wtirks,_) f on~rcal, that om· old srn 10th horo g1111~ c·1n h 1.'0rncrto I (•hc•tply :nad uccc ... _fially rn t_h1 count!'J~·

'l'ho n · mp 1ny11w dia •rnm wrll l xpl 1111 the <lrttcrcn<.:o bctwccu tho tihort ><Cl'\ ice g 111 a d tho bprop

0

otl lonJthcnoJ b::irrol,.;, :t'3 :snit. blo fur 1;low bul'lling pou tlcr. .

I\'. rl'hc gnrri,..on rcquiroJ to ho pc1 m:Ull'~ll.Y maintn11wd: and t_ho mm1.ner !n \\"hi Ch uch ~nrrison i-hou Id be C'Ollstl tu lu I, i-.tn t 111g 1,;Xl1.lll t to wl11"11 II st:sln nco 111 ll11s re I crt mny Io cxpcl'tc I from loc.'ll re 011rcc~." . .

'l'h · i<mnllc t pcr1.rnmont g:wri-.on of ,n·g~il:u· tm111e l n.rll~lcrymen tc; mnr.1 and look niter the 111 mnmcnt and wol"l;:,; of l• .... 11111111 lit wonl I bo 200 gnnnot·H, wrth a proper· pt'oportion of otlh·cri; and non-comm.i:-;;ion~ 1 ofii~e1·:.. .lla\'i11.~ duo ;·e~:u·d to the i11sl111ctiOn:i to b0a1· in mind that g~qu1111:tl c 1-1 an unperml statwn of primary impo1·t:111ce (v"cle III), I wouhl l'Cl:Ommend lhaL lhi forco:;honltl bo rnul'ino artillory, for the foll01\ Ill!.;' r\•asons : -

1. Bcinir r»mplotolv untlc1· tho commnn l of tho A 11mir;tl of tho st·ttion, Lhol'O would h • 110°di\·ido l rc ... j>on:-ihility.

:!. 'l'ho urmnmont at prc ... cnt monnte<l i,; of tho naval r.attern, anil. c;ould bo roplncccl, if neeo .. ary, fl"om tho dockynril storrs, to .. ~cthet· Wtth ammur11l1011, olc., lfopnu· ... could nl o lie pe1formed by ~ho do~ln\'tll d :11·tiricers. .

:~. r.I'ho p.1y, sapplie ... and cloth111J of bttCh force could be all car1·1e<l oul by tho ndmi1.11ly nuthoritic:;.

4. If nny other force than m:ufoo mtiller.r were employed, it woul l ncco, ... itato ~peciul pay, c:ommi ... ariat, :-tore n!ld medical departments.

L ocal Force.

Tho omployees of the dockyard, who arc ontiroly naval ar ificors anil havo ·crvc I afloat, :-honld be embodied as a battery of auxiliary artillery on tho p1'inciple of tho old d oekyanl battalions, under tho comm:wd of the bUpe1·intcnclenL of tho doc·krnrd. The tonns of thcit· engagement rr•ndct· them liable to this sor\'ico, which, I lrn,:c 110 doubt, they woul<l lie quite willin,; to render. This battery could be c ... pol'inlly eon«idcred a" a ~!lrri:'on f11~· tho two Monc1~ief pit~ on Si?nal I~ill tho lift c111rio~e ... for which could be kept 111 c:omplcto \\Ol'krng order by tnom, with tho aid of the mnchino hop". within n few hundred yni·ds. As to fca..,ubility of repair, no bettol' mrnngoment could well be imagine I. For tho con-.truction of tho pl'Opo~o1l hnttcrie, a company of Hoynl Engineer-. would be roquiroJ; if they wore robinoci n~ pa ·t ftho p"rmnneutgarrison, the obje ·tions to a g 1rrison from tho H 1yal .Art i llel'y, us re 1uiri11~ :i p cinl pply dopa1·tment would 11ot hol<l go1 l.

The smnllcst pcl'mauont gnrri on of rc,;ul:u· trained artilcrymon to gurml and fight tho guns fo1 tho protcctwn of \ '"ictorin and the hnrbou1-, iucluflin~ the h:tttcrios ut Frnla) n Point, Victoria Point, urn! that prop >se<l for IIollnnd Point, which uro sepainteJ by con Horablc di ... t:mcc'l, would bo 100 gunner . .,, with :i pro11cr propo1·tion of officer nnd non-commi,., ... ionc I oflioors.

I concur with IJieut.-Ool. lr\\ in that, "owing tc tho isoln.te I po-ition of Victoriu, the ,·e1y limited n 1mbor of jt ... population. and tho high mtc:> of wages pai<l for lnbour, pccinl and almo t ins upcmblc <lillicultios nro placer! in tho way of tho c tah­li hmcutof nnything like an etfh.:icnt voluntcc1· force, sufl1ciently numcrou-: or wcll­tr.tined for tho purpc o of manni11g tbi8 number of' gnu~. and maintaining an effec­tive firo ngnin t ship:, in motion, a duty tho succe sful pcrfo1·mnnco of which rcquiroi; the grcut.c t po ibid amount ot training and intelligence on tho p:irt of the gnnnora.

"'1'his force would serve as a nuclcu~ an<l training Hchool fo1 tho Yolnntocr.9, could be protilably omployo I in the cnro of the scvornl ba.ttcl"ics, gnn'l, store~, otc., 1md 1 if a sufilciont number of urtificcrq, nch as stonemasons, briekluyors anrl car­penters, so,·ornl of' whom are gcnernlly found in tho ranks of "A" awl " B" Rnt­t-Orios, wcro included in thoi1· nurn her, tho work of converting tho present c:u·thon bntter:ic into works of a more permanent daurnctor could be gradually carried on with a. cou idcrnLlc ccouomy of expenditure."'

309

'fhi-. 1'1rrc woul 1 h:t\"O tti furnish <lot:1 hmcn for.Tnnnirno, .·cw\\y tnm ter<.r l3nrra1·d lu!et, in ,·iew to tho protection or the contincnt:il term mu of ihc C.11an hnn J>acifho H ti lwny.

l~xpcrionco has r.;hown that tho orrrnniz.'ltion of the Cana linn •unno1y chool .. i~ bot.ter "llito<l to tho in trnction <:!· w 1l 111t-0cr militia artillery than tho mere prei:encc of a gurrison of Hoynl 01· Hoyal Marin• .\J tiller_)·, :t.S :it Hnlifnx.

'l'ho annexed <·ornrn1111i11:1tion (G), fr<nn C.:apt. l>upo11t (Actin~ !Jcputy AdjuU1nt General, No. 11 .. Military I>i t1i<•t), h m·s the :authorized hl1cngth of the w1luntccr militia of Vanco11vo1· 1!1l:uul 1111d Hriti .. Ji Columbia, uncl ~i\· '" tho prol.mblo uumbcr of n1cn capable of bea1·i ng :11·m1:1 I hat would be a\·atlablc i 11 r·a e ol' emergency. < 'n pl. Dupont. who <'1>rnrn:mds tlal• l1altc1'Y of vol1111tPe1· militia artille1·y, is n z .don antl inlulligont olticcr, wlio-c opinion mn.r be relic I upon, a111l whll tie; et"\'O great credit fot· the efficiency ho h:l.S 1n·o<lucc l in the battery under hi c•ommimd.

'rho Caro he ha~ taken of tho haltcries and armurncmt in hi "hnrgc, and, indeed. for tho m:m11cr ho ha" pef'forn1Cd the duties of neputy-Adjntant Ccuurnl during the absenC"e of I1ient. ('oloncl H oughton, T>.A.f;., my per ... onnl thnnk uro due to him for the ns~i ... tnnte ho ha,, 1·c111lcred 11w at \'ic-torin. II c prop 'o:o to q unlif)', b) n coa o of in .. tructions at one of the g-u11nc1·y .. ch<10J .. , which will, I tr11 t, be h:tnctiou I.

Tho force of rnl11ntoc1· militiu at. Victorh \'"t-- in ... pcct-01 by Col L'l\"Oll, V.13., RE., who exprc,.. ... ed a farnura blo opi11io11 of their etficicnc-y, e pecinlly of their gun pr.10ticc.

s·nce tho death of. '01·gcant Ilrnmah. late R oyal A nlllcry, .As i .. U1nt C:un11ery Instructor from " A ., Battery, ('apt. 'l'atlow, who h:i · obtninorl n fi1 ~·lo long­<:onr~c tertiticatc from •· B" 1htte1-y, ha ... been appointed carcLaker 11n I in tructor to the volunteer· militi:i ar·Lillerr. From rnv knowlc l!!c of him a., nn ofli ·or, I h t\'e no doubt ho will perform hb chttit•;i sati-;factorily. I have to rc<:1>mm1•r cl, with n ,·io1\" to bettor training and ir1'tt·uction, t 1111t the incroa:c to the battery ul' gnr1·i ... on volun­teer militia take the form of a seco111l battery, hy chan~i11g Xo. 1 'ompany of J{rfl~ into artillery (a change they thcmsol,·e-; de,.,iro). a:; there arc not 1milicic11t men of the class willing- to c·nrol to keep np the incrca .. od ... trcngth of a1·tillc1·y nntl riilc-.

The battery of a1·tillcry c:ommanded uy Lieu t. Piltcndrci~h, Into of If,-.r Mnj" y',, 3rd Regiment, might bo c:omplete<l by the :1ddition or ten men awl one oflicer, nn I n suitaolo equipment "'llPJ>lic 1, thcii· gun carriage ... being rot ton. A fourth battery hould bo raised at .Xanaimo, the wholo mukin~ a bri!!ado ot four lmttoric!l, eomman lc I liy Capt. Dupont. with rnnk a' Licut·-Colouel, witli Cai,t. Tatlow :t: Adjutunt, Gunucry Jn:,,trneto1· and Q11artt>rma ... tc1'.

The:;trcn"th of 10[) uuuner". J>crmnncnt "llrri ... on for Yictoria, i-. calculntcd upon ,.., I:' 0 l • \T" • I . cl allowing fo111· men per gun. l'l',.!lllar nrtillcr~·me11 1 for the oallortc" at 1c.tor1n, uC'!>t

futnishi1w detachments for :Xanaimo nnd Xow Wc ... tmin-.tl'r. ~'ho hrrgndo of IGO men vol~nleer militin artillon· mnkin•r lljl tho com11lcrneut rennircd lor cflicient ' - ' ,., ., fi working of the batterieQ, as well a .... m1111uing- tho four Hl:poun~or hc:t\'Y 1elcl gun:~. and two 24-poundci· Jtowitzer" :it ?'cw \Ve ... Lmi11s•cr, which rna~hl bl.l found uscful 111

EleCurillJ! the l'O!ld-l from the south, whic 1 1111i 10 at. X,.,.,\. \ro ... tmin ... tcl', Oil tho oppo-itc sido of tho Fiasor ni\·cr. Tho position of Xew Wc:-tmiii...tcr is n 1.aturnlly t1lron~ one betwt.!en the frontier and 13nrr:u~l Inlet. 'l'hc sing-le ti):t<l from lbo "outli tlll'Oll~h ~ deu!-icly woodo 1 ridgo on the south bank of t:10 l<'ra.;cr Ri\·cr, oppo.,ito. X ew Wc ... t,.. mini:>tor could bo C'lo.;o•i by Capt. Pitton<lrcigh's gun.;, flanked by tho rlllo company and by auxiliary lndiun sh:u·p,hooter:>.

310

(C.)-tJopy (for Col. Strnngc':s i11fonn:itio11).

Strength of th 1rol1mt r If. litia of H. C., a11<l mnnbrr of able b1J lfrd men available for tramilt[/ on 1 n11.>f11e11cy.

~Iu.1·r.\1tY lhs rnrm: X o. 11. Y11·1·u1t1,\ 1 B. C., Sl'pt. 2 t, 1"'7!l.

• m,-I ha,·o tho lwno11r,_i11 uccordanco with )'Ollr inst1·uctions, lo rcpoi t tliat. tho :-.t1011gth of the acti\'c 1,militia in thu P1·,,,:ineu of Ill'iti:-h Columuia, j~

1111 follow:-:-

I Authorized Number. Actunl Number.

1-------------

1 Officers. N. ~1· O. &I Officers. 1'N. C. O . .\

"en. Meo .• ----- ,, Victorin B:lttc1-.r G:ll'ri.on Artillery .......... ... 1--5 -,-~,--;i-~-~o .. ~Company R1fie,;1 Victoria ... . :.............. :i j 42 2 Bl !\ o. -: do. do do . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. ~ • 42 2 3-t ~?rr1-on A1·t1llery, Now Wc,..tminstor.. ......... z ,, 30 2 21> h1ile Compa11.). ~ . do do .......... 1 3 40 2 3J

do ~lit :umo ....... ·· ·· .............. ·· 1 3 40 1 23

Total .................................... ,-i9j279 --}2""1 H.17

~he authol'i-.ctl stron~th of tho Victoria UaiTison Artillery ha l . . ti lwcn inc1· •a, el from J ffi d 50 s on y 1 ccen y

, • , • • l •" w • 0 ?01:s an • norH!ommb,..,ionctl officers and •unnors to ·5

oi.hcu1::i .u1d ...,,, non-comm1,..,-.1011eu officm·t; and crunnei·. Tt 0

u ·ri g f' tl · · cretN! h: ,.0 ot t · 1 o 0

• 1 m 01 mi, 01· ns m-b . 1 ' 11

JO arrn-ei _; as :;oon :lt; they urn reccivctl tho btron.,th will be iou.g it up to number nuthonzed. n

l ha'·? tho honor furLbcr to 1·eport that I have made a careful cstimn.to of thi number of men capaLlc of bearin" arms that could be enrolled h 1·1 ' •ui-.e ·md th ·. · be . 0 • i:; ou u an cmer~oncy ' · 1.' efi'11

11:-cn·ito:-i rci1uired for dcfonces of the places mentioned and fix the numucrs ns o ows :- ' •

At Ywwri:11 i~cludin~ the City and Di,..,trict, and tho Town ,:'lnd _1>1-.t1:1ct of.J:.,..quinrnlt. .................................... . ... 700

At )lnnn'.!110, mcl~di?g Town and J>isltict, and Comax and C<m 1chan D1stncts 350

At ~ c~v W c:.tmin,,tc1·1 Ci.tj-'. ·~~-ti" Di.~t;·i~·t: 'i ;;~i~<li~g-· 13·~;:1:~;.d Be ·onrl th~ ~~·t·i:i-~t ..... .... : ....... ..... ............. ........ .... ... ... .. ... .... 350

Stan le/ ar11l Ca-.~ia~ th; r~ell~l~~tcd'. except mg tho mining villages of Barkorville, coulu, with -.nfoty, l~avo th~:~ ho1~n ~s HO. scattorcd that th?ro a1·? very fow men who too far -.opa111tctJ from noi,,hbour.

9t0

' . ~~1 t~i~ ~lO~t p:u:L bcrng without a-.sistance, antl their houses and fomiliC>:;. 0

is 0 at 01 10 re\ c ouch other, fow men could lo~we

From tho mining Yilbrrcs '\ sm·tll. d rr . I given, Lut he\·oral week,, ·,~o~ltl · 1 ' . :1 '. 1. 1311 mrg 1t bo made t:> th~ num bcrt-: I h:wo coa,,t, JC i cqull c to enrol men and lmng thorn to tho

If time admitted antl :lrm" we ·c, ·1· 1.1 · · could, 1 have no douLt, be rai~c<l. 1 avai au c, an uuxilhary force of 1,000 Indians

I have the honor to be Sir v I . , I 1 our o >l·clrcnt F<cn·nnt

C. 'J'. DUPONI' Cu11tnin I I

.Acting D.A.G

311

.ltilitary Colonz:ati<Jn.

Tho Io t. il~f~n(•e <1f n to.1Tit!>l'Y i n loyal and contcnto l p pul t 011 A Jl' n ti-c:il 'i.)"·lcrn ,,f rn1li1ury l"olonru1lton would add much to the i;c 111 Jl.) nu I dc,·clopment of tho country. 'l'hi>1 -.uhjcct has hccn treated i11 a !l:tpcr, r•ntill I," ~ltlitauy A poet. of Ganadu," rend I efo1·0 tho United 'cl'\·kc I11-.tit11tio11, Lontlou, M y '.:!11<l :111d 7th, l 7:1 .

. It .w<111 l~l _app~ 11· tha~ I.he mo L 1miinhlc sp<>t lor 141!ch a li,Y:;lcm of military culoni­:r.al1011 m J3nt1sh C:olumbia would be the dell.a of the l•rn er, the cmb.111kmc11t of 11ch 1 rn«ts, to protc<'t them from the o\·orflow of the rh·cr auit hi"h ti Jc , n \VCI I :1 th • c1111 .. fr11C'tio11 of' a <·anal to rolic\'P tho ~urplti,, watl•rl!, won I~ Im n \~ork requiring ~pc.•e:ial ol'gani-.ution ofa military charnclcr; iL i~ not, a w irk which cnn be cnrrioo onl indepcndcnlly by indh·iduals. 'l'hc Inndt1, when 1·ecluirne 1, would oc cx<'eodi1irrly fortilc, antl thc1·0 i:i apparently no fc\·cr or malaria m the rl i t1 icl. 0

The 1.drnntagl'l4 of' loc:ating a l1ocly of 111ilitary cHlcrs 011 thi:i l ronticr nt tho continental tcrmi11u>1 of tho Canadian l'ucitic Hnilway lll'Ccl ... cm·ccly he discu ed; they might all'o uc employed with adrnnt:l~c in the ton .. t.ruction ol the 111ilwny.

Irrigation, which is llCC-C!l''!ll'J in many part" cn"t of the Ca-;cnclc l1n11go, peeinlly along the fro11ticr, i" a i;pecic:-. of luhour in which military orga.1izatio11, or i;omothi11g aki11 lo it, j.., c~--c11tial.

In any c:ai;c, l!houltl it ho in c:ontomplation to cxt<'rnl the rip.tern of nrmy re en· ~ to Canada by the forrnatiou of an Impc1iul Canadian r Pn-c lo1co, it i to be hope I it-. provisio11s wi II be exlondc<l to Vane.Ju \'Cr r -.land 11n I BritiRll Uolumbin.

V.-" The ad,·i!'-ability of providin!{ dcfonc:c.-; for tho coalir g tntion ntN:mnimo, from which the doc-kyard at E-.q111111alt, and -.toam,,hip,, n:wignti11g the Norlhorn l'acific aloni\! the coa,,L of.\ moric·n, are chiclly ,,upplic I with C{l:il."

The clcfl.•nco nf Xan:limo appe.u·-. c"sc11tial to ou1· -.uprom~lC'Y in tho Pncific. F01 tunatcly, 1110 for·rn of tho hul'liou1· lend-. it-elf Ycry n':tdily to defence. X:umimo and Depa1·t111 c lhy fill' min~ pnicti«ally one harbou 1·; ~ owca,;l lo au I l'ro>ll'Ction folnnd fonning 1rntural bre:lkwatur ... :111 I plac<' .. for balloi·ics.

The conti11cnlal torrninus of the Canada P:icifi1.! Ihilwny will prui.i:ilJly ncec~::.itatc ~ome batteries on the mainland of Britbh ColnmLi .

Colonel LovP.11, C.B., n.g., ha:, tho pln1., and e,,timnte:i for the woi·k propo od in Vancouver I-.lancl. of which I wns to re ·ei,·e a copy.

I hare the honour to b", ··r,

Your obodicnt ,.c1Tant,

T. BL.\.XD STR.Um1<;, Ll.-Ool. RA.

Dominion Jn .. pcctor of A rtillcry.

Citadel of Quebec, :N'ovcmuor 7th, 1S79.

A

WAR Orr1cE, bl .Tnly, I i H.

Sm,-Ilis Royal Highnc:>s the Field .U. r,..,hal Commanding·i11 Chief, hnvin~ b~cn plou~cd to direct you to procec I to YuncouYor I_-.lnncl, for the parp •·o of reporting on tho defences, l h:l\'o to inform you tlut cert:un n~C!bnre.; \Vero t:1trnn ln-.t year for the purpo·e of pi o\·idin~ temporary dcfoucc.;, w_h1ch wcro parllally ore~tcd by oflin•rs of the Dominion UoYerumont, and urrncd with ~uu-. ll•nt 11\' the Adm1r:llt.>:·

The repo1·t ol t lw Colonial D<!fon~c Curnmitteo of la-.L ye.1r, for\\' Ir I: I he!"'\Vtlh, will explain their de1vs upon the subject. I abo for\\'anl reports hy I,1~ut.-< 1 cnc.ral Sir K ~clln· .Smyth, tAiloncl Hlnir, RA., and A lrnir.11 DcH01:'c ·, R i ... roforr.111g thenito, with Lit•ut.-U«llonl'I Irwin',, plan of d_cfcncc :mil ~h:1r_L ol th~ port Ill qu~ ... t1011. You will be good e11ou~h to pince ) 011r:-:elf Ill commnnt<':tllon \\Ith J; out.·Uoloucl

!St1nugc H \ ., lnspc<•t 1· of D)mi11ion J\ rtillcry, who ha" hCl'll 1•11l hy tho l >orni11i•Hi ti~\ crnm 11, :uu.1, ultor coufou mg \\ ith him, to lllJHll'I i11 <lct:11l 011 tho folio\\ i 11g porn ts.

1. The lllC!Uh to be :uloplotl n ... pJnein~ tho harbon1·,., of g'lq11irnnlt :tllrl Vif'lrll'ia iu nn flic ent ,.,tnto of llcfi.'n1·e b\· pcrn1nncnt wOl'k~, tho cxtcnL to which tho tompo

1 ..

:uy '' orks m:1y oo mado rwuilnlii\1 lK!in~ 1·cpo1·tod. :!. \Ylwthc1· the tw<> hnrl.Jout'ti l':tll IJo l·On idc1·l d imlop1·ndcntly, 01· \\hctho1·, 011

tho other hnnd. the "l'hcmo ofdofonC'c must ncco ... -.:il'il~· <'tnb1·aco both, uoal'irrg i11 mint! thnt Esquimnlt ns nn Im pot ial station i~ of' primary impo1·1anl'c.

:i. Tho g uTi on rnquircd to he permanently 1i1aintaincd and, tho mnn11c1· in which tSllt h ga J'i,..on :-,hould lie ton-,tit11tl'd, slating the extent lo "liich .1s.-.islanco in thi~ l'C pcct rnny l l' CXJICded from local rcsonn·cR.

'1ho.:-o n1e the p1i11eipal points to \\'hieh yourMtcntion :-hould bodin•t'ted. But, l may ndd, thnt your rl'port :-;honld be :tti full a-, po,..,.,iulo and ai;cumpan;o<l with pln11s nud approximnto e,..tinrntcs.

lL i-. de ... irablo tiiut your i n-.pcction :-.hould be completed and your t'l'))l)rf furm,hcd with the Je:i-.t po-.-<ihlo delay.

1 h:we the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient :-e1·n111t,

'l'o 'olonol L-QVELL, C.B., Comm.mdin~ Royal Enginul't',

Halifax, .N ..

(Signed) J. L. A. Sf\U[Ol\S,

Gcncl':tl.

B

W.m OFFICE, ht July, lS'iH.

. !"m,-With reforence to my letter to yon of thii, day, I am to request yon, when m \Tane;onver':- J ... ]and, to >isit Sanaimo, which h!.1.'< uccn i.Jrou~ht to the notic.:o of tho 'ecrctnry of Stntc for War a,. the :-talion f1om whiC'h the dockrarcl at E,..q11itnalt and

... !(>am hip-. na\·i!!ating tl1e .Xo1 hem P:witic alo1w tlte c:oabt oi· Arneri<:a arc chiefly "upplied with cont. ~

. 'rho .do:cnce of X:ma~mo m::iy, theroforc. bcMme a matter of import:mrc, as well tor !'OCurmri a 'llJ~P~Y of fuel for tho the of 13riLbh ... tcam!)hip,.,, a:- for JH'u\·c11ti11g an enemy from obtn111wg such "upplic". 'l'hc !"eC1"cta1'Y of State i~. thc;cfore, de irous ot tak111~ ah-ant:1~e of your \"bit to Vanl'OU\'Ot' J._Jan I to obtai11 you1· views a ... to ~ho nd.vi ... al>!cues-, of providin,; defcncc-1 for this po,..t, and the mean~ to he taken for· Hs dotenco 111 c::i-.o 111.:h a me.1 u1·c ... }10111<1 at :my time become ne('c ... sarT.

'l'he ~ecretm-.r or State for \V:ir will ul::;n UC glad to l'C('Oi\'O any \"i~ws yon may form ~onernll.r, on the mea Ul'C,, to be taken for the defence of the Pacific eoast of 1Icr ~luj sty',; domirnon,, in the ornnt of war, hearing in mind its distanco from any esti1hlr~lre<i 1~antl ar-cn:.tl, an<! tho <lilticultics which mubt, Lhercforu, attend hostile OJiornt1on".! dtrceted against it.

I have tho honou1· to bo, Sir;

You1· oucdient. :-crvant,

To Gol(mcl J,,o"VEI,L, C.B., (Sigeu<l) L. L. A . SDDfO.NS,

OJ1nmar1di ~1~ Ho.ya! Engineer, llal1fax, N.S.

Gonol'nl.

313

APPE:0;DIX No. 9.

LIEU'f.-COLONEL S'I'1L\~GE OX 1'1IE 'J'RIAL OF Tirn CONVEHTED !" POFN 1>1m A'l' .MON'l'Im.\L-AND SU<WES'l'INO '1·1m lM)l lrnIA'i<1~ coxv1ms10N ANT> .MAXUF.\(.,"fUHl~ OF RIFLlW GUXS IX GANA.DA, IN CON8EQUESCg OF l'l'S UCOE 'S.

<'lT.H1EJ, 1 QUEllEIJ,

10th Xo\'ernher, lSiU.

Sm,-[ ha\'e the honou1· lo report thnt bcfo1e starting for British Columbia, l left dirc<·tions for 1mn-in!{ the g• pounder gun, con't"Ol'lcd by ~fc ... 51·. <1il1Jcrt & Son , Cnnndu }~nginc \\'01·k,..., ~Io11t1·cal, on . i1· William l'nlJi,t•r's principle, wiLh nn clon"­ation of tht• innc1· tu lie "uggc,,tc<l by my.-clf, with the com·cut of upt. K l'alli or, acting for Sir William.

Iforewith aro forwarded rccot·d-: of the proof A, A 1, and B. T ha\'O examined them carefully, as ulso the tinal imprc ... :-ions tnkon aftor the lu t proof, witl1 :!-! pound-1 pebble powilcr, the hc::l\'ic,,t proof on recortl fo1· any such gnu. 1 am perfectly fiatiisficd with the manner the gun bas sloo<l tho \"cry cvcro and unns1rnl t0:;t:-npplicd to it, the last IJcing three times the ~en·ice charge.

Tho proof charge at Woohvich being only two round", 10 }>0Und•, R.L.G. gun­powd er, wi th G-1 pounder pl'Ojectilc. The Wl'Oughl iron ... cnt from L mdondeny, ~.S .. appear~ cqu:tl, if noL ~u1icrior, to any known irnn, and tl1c nrn11ufactu1 o Ly Mcssr". Gilbert exC'ellent.

I have. therefore, no hesitation in rccommornling tho Dominion Go,·crnment to give an order to :\fo ..... rs. Gi!J,ort & Son, fo1· tho con,·m·,ion of :.m :~2-ponn lei'!' of 5G cwt. to 64-pomvlor:;, and lU GS-pounder,. anrl inch into SO·poundm, auCI fi 1-pounden;, i·c:;;pectinly.

There arn only 2 li~-ponnder,.; in Can:tdn, at St. John. N.B. . The lea ... L 1•xpc11,...i\·e pl:m ns regard,. trnn'tKlrt won Id be to commcnec "1th tho"c

nearest Montrcnl, the point of rnnnufacturc.

There n.·0 1 unfortnnntcly, nt )fontrcnl only .. ........... . 'l.'o L>e :-cnt from Quebec, from store char gc ..... ........ ..

" J\ ingslon '' .............. .

~ :l2·pr .... 9 " ft IC

Total. ................................. :!i) :t~-pr".

Thc1·0 is at Uontrcnl, in Rtoro charge ..... .......... ...... . . . 'l.'o be :-;ent from Kin;:{,,ton .................................... .

11 lluobcc Citadel.. ... .............. ... .. ... . .

l 8-iuch. I " 1 ,,

" J>aitridge bland .................... ....... . 2 " " " <I G 'pr-..

Tot.'ll. . .... ...... .... .......... . ..... . . 10

3H

Theo gnn \\hen con,·orlc I to lie 1·clurnod t<> tho poiub from which they wore "Cut. '!'he poundc1 ... hcin~ ~uilcd to con::1t dot en cc ut Pn1·tridgo h1ln11d, whcro they :\re now mounted. 'l'ho i~ po1111de1·r; und .a• inch cou,·ortcd being ~uitablo for tho tlofoncu ol work on inlnm1 water" l'Ould abo bu u~u1l on board fa,,t. l:!lcnmor11 extem­pori e I n;:, "m· \ c ...... o)s in C'mcrgcm•y.

Ir tho OHier for tho tran ... port of the e guns wns gh·cn nt OnC'o boforo nn\'igation dose:;, tho oxpon l' of transport would I.Jo nry much les:'l, )lcssrs. tiilbcrt can al o work more expcditiou-ly :.t gun m:.uwfactu1·0 in winter, which i,, a slack ti nw for othor wo1 l,.

' r hc co...t of co1wcrsion per gun would bo in Cannda, i; 1 pounder, $G;30. Th ii; i~ ~.!lO clio:1por thnn tho gun can bo con\•cl'!o I for ut Woolwich. 500 rountl:i common ... 1ic11 :1t Woolwich p1wcs, ~aYing tr:inspo1·t.

G 1-ponndt'r b-ineh, $820. 1 t' tho couwrtcd gun is ordered in Bnglancl, tho coHt of tho original gun must be nddotl, while thoso in C:UH\Ut~ m·e of no value as guns until l'itlo l. 300 1·01111d:- common t'holl at Woolwich prices, s:wing t1·ansport.

, 0 ponnde1:-, l ,OiO. 500 rounds common shell ns boforo. Ead1 of the•c •!nns to be t!longutcd for :-low burnin_g powder ns far ns prcpon<lcr­

snce permih there may be a tt·iltin~ oxlrn charge for thi~ addiliorml length. When in Bl'ltish Columbia, I wa.s informed by tho f.\upcrintendcnt of the Dock­

yard that ho had reccivod order:; to issue no more ammunition until the guns and 11toro ... luut to tho D uniniou lio\·ernmcnL hnd been pnid for. Should it be in contcm­plntion lo ehnr~c tho DJminiou Government for this armament, I :should recommend it-1 rch1111 to the lmpct'ial Uovurnment u~ l'OOn ns tho Dominion is in a poaition to rcplnc:o it, .md tlie :;ulJ-.titution of a long i-i11ch Palliscr ma.de by Gilbert & Son, at a eo-.t ofS.1,-;511 cnch . 'l'he Woolwich p1·iee of the :--hort 'i-inch being $4,860, a imving of 'l.110, whh:h would muro than COYer tho co,..t of tninsport from ~font real to Yan­l'Otl\'Or. In any t:a•u I believe it would bo ad,·isaule to order 12 9-inch long B.L. ritlo ~1111-. on tho Palli:-cr principle, similar to that in process of cornitruction for Cauada, f' r thu Atlantic and Pucific Coa,,b, lt must bo borne in mind that theso hea\'y ~1111-o tnko time in mant1fuc:tu1·0 nntl that a suJtlon declaration of wa1· would ll·avc li b 1w time.

~.Pltc Lient.-Genc :11,

l have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

T. B. S'fHANGE, Lieut.-C lone!, Inspector of Artillery, Com'd't G.S.

<' u1rn 111cli116 Ul i,i tia of Ca um.la.

.. Jlemo.- 'l'he i-inc:h gun propo:--c.'(l by Sir William Pallise1· for coast Jcfonco would I e S~ t n wt; 120 I b~. wt. of projectile; :-t'l I b:>. ]JOWtlcr · 161 in~. lcnirth of horo, · 1.Y. 1,700 ft. ' ' 0

?·!nd~ p1opo cd would be probably 12 lon!i; 200 lb>!., wt. ofprojectilo. Ttie 6 -pounder ~oul<l probably be couve1·lcu into a UO-ponntler. It w nlu uc :1Jv1qal.Jle to purchasu au eluctro-bali:.tic apparatus for finding initial

velocit), u J• C\ iou"ly recommentlctl. ..

T. B. STilA~GI~, T ... iout..Colon<.>I,

Iu:opocto1· of Artillory.

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HE L'Offr UPON •r1rn EXPEau~rn .... l'AI; 'I'HIAL OP 'l'IIC POU~ .. DI R GUN (CONVEit'I'JW BY I l~S;-.HS. e. E GI urn1n' & s J s. MO 'TJlLAI.1) A'l' . 'I'. 111~Lb.s·s rsL.\~ u .Ho. ··1·m: uJ, 29th Au · us1•, i w. '

Xon:.-T/i's gw1 /11d heen 71re1;iously firel ?£0

lhtwojfoep u l"hlrg Tl.£. G. powder ll'ttfttjUt projectiles 1111'1 wit Ii Qu-: te11 pound clt!irgc fl. IJ. a. 7;o lcr, attd one ten pound cltarye 11cb/Jlc po1cder both 1n1th si cty (011~ pounder commo11 11 ll. In impres n of the wltole uf th~ bore was t/1P11 taken, ard 011 be111:; compured w t/1 tint tal.en /, furc firiny shou:ecl WI m'-lterwl altemtio1111.

A <let!1ilo,J report of this trial ha been p1·eparcd hy Mnjor Jirn er, B Ball-Ory, who wa pt·c-ent on tho occ·:i ion.

St·•·orHI trial-. !.ltl1 A ugu~t. 11 Ilowul.-Cun lirc<l with five-poun:ls charge peoulo powdor without

projec:ti le. 2nd Round.-Ciun fir·e<l with ten pound <·hnr~e H. J,. G. powcl r nu I 6!

pounrJcr common i.hell li:Jctl with and and dust. Gun oxnminod ca1efully with minor a11d r;p1-ing se:u·cher, no uew coil or weld mi rk npparent.

nril Ho11111l.-Gun lil'~d with H pound pebble po .dor an I 1;,t pounder common "hell as before. Gun exn111i11e!J after fil'in;.{ n-; bofo1e, one light coil mark dC\oloped ;;even feet three inc:hrs lrom muzzle, •·down" to '' lofl of do\\ 11.''

4th Rowul.-lS poun<l pebulo powder, projectilo a llcfo1 o. On e.x.1min. lion with i:;c:u·che1", tho coil m:.1·k do,·clnped in pre,·iou-. round wa found to have sl1gl1lly increa,,cd in length. Irnpl'e sion tnkl'll of eat of injury which ho\\cd thnt the coil mark had <lo,·olopod half round the bore from R. of D. to L. of I,.

5th Round.-'!.l pound pcbblo powder, projectile n" hefort•. Cun ox uniue I by :-;earchcr and mirror, coil nuu·k prcvion"ly mentioned, ovi.Jcntly longer an I deoper, no olhcr rnark app111 e11t.

1;th Round.-'!.~ pound,., pobblo powder, projectile a liefr)re. Coil mnrk much large1· and deeper. l•'iriug ccasc1l ~mil irnprc., ion tnken of tho whole of tho bore. This i;howcd that I ho <·oil rnnrk had clenloped ronud the horo O\'eu feet 0110 inch and a l:alf from mu7.zlo. Tho mark wn" widl!-t and deeJi~st in tho centre or D. nod so for tb could lie jndgod, from the irnp1·a, ion was at thit1 point ut len t ouc-ci.;hth inch del'p nncl 0110-:-iYtccnth ineh wi<le.

'lho remainder of'tl10 bore ,hewod only two rnry ::-li~ht coil murk nc.'lr tho muzzle, nncl ;;light gnttering murkts in front of the powder chamber.

TJ1e lnr~c coil mark provion ly montit•ned, i ju-.t in front of tho ll tube, and I do not co11~idcr that in it pre cut condition, the gun could bo p~ ed n iit for fiervicc, without fu1·t ht•1· trial anti nccurntc gnugiug of tho diameter of th boro throu~hont.

'i'hero <lo not appcnr to I.lo nn.}~ uceurnto inc:u uments for thi latter puq>OllO avnilablo. lt mu:.t uo n•mcmbo1·c1l that with reforcuco to tho abo,·o experiments tho ::-crvico proof chnrge:- m:o only two of ten pound R Ii. G. [~O\\:dcr. nud ~4 poundl)r projectile, hoth ot wh1ch1 HO fa1· us regards tho :ippcarnncco1 coil mark , this g un has i:;tootl ~uccc~fully.

I n this gun tho A lube ofcoilel wrought iron ha-s been pu1·po ely mado lon.;or than u:;ual anJ prnjcct.-; thi1·tcon inches from the muzzlo.

D. 'l'. IHWIX, I1iout..(Joloncl,

l 11 poctor of .Artillery. li1NOSTON, lit. September, 1 i9.

I

l~x 1u.01· •it m

3 1~

m Wn.1.r.\~t P\1,r,1in:1t' Ht:J>Onr ON G4-POUNDER GuNs .A-"D Uo:-; nmn:u ,.\lott r \US.

The \\ooh\ ich G+ pournio1· gun has only a length of .boro of abouL IG c:.tlibro~, so that it i i11pois iblo. hO\nwor it may bo 0\01:lo:1<lo !•to g1\·o lho :mmo voloc1ty a>1 tho (',annd i:m gun of 2:> en Ii bra'<. 'fhis is a m I\ 1m \\'htch ha'I be.on fnlly JH'O\'l' I over nnd. ovor nrr 1in nt ::5hooburyno.s-. arnl in Gol'llrnny .. 'rho roa-01~ lt<, that :L ~u1 go c~1a1·~0 of JIOWdc~ compo o I of rather largo gr:.lins l'l! p111·~,. :~ col'larn lon!{th of bo1·e, 111 onlo1· that lt mnv nil l>c t·onnum1..'<.l by lho limo tho prn,1ccltlo ren~hos tho i:1011th of tho gun. Should a gnn of2:i cnlibre" bo londcti with a chnr·go t>t11tablo to. its length of bol'O, which in a G ft :-1-inc:h hc:n-y gun wo11l1l be :ib1ut 2 ~lb.'. a-i a bnLtonng charge, all the 1iowd 1· would bo f un l to havo been c•n11>-ttmc I on flnng the gnn. If, on. tho otho1· hnncl, tho ::un•i gun wns sent to tho -.hop an1l cut down to one of 16 e:u1b1·0~, aud tln•n I a lo<l n bofot·o and tirell, n quantity of lho powder \Vould be blown out uncou­anmcd.

'J'huc: if the "t n in tho first in1-;tnnC'c wn tired nt a lnrgt• target of den! lJO:trdH 20 >srd,. otr,'nothing wo11lll lie soon but tho l·ouru.1 hole c:mse<l by tho sb?t, \~·hcrcn~, if iirod 1111 lor the econd condition., tho target. would be fonnd i;tucltlcd \\'1th little l!olc11 f10m tho uncon urned pc bblo powdor, :ls well ns the hole caused by tho shot. 11 roin thi c u"'o tho !JO-pounder of:.-?.; calibrn.; will gi\'C a \'clocity of 1,800 feet. to 2,000 ~eet n ~<'con 1, nn<l thnt of Hi cnli brc:i nhout 1, lOO feet n "'Ccond, tho charges. of powde1· borng tho ~:11110 an1l with the -.amo weight of ~hot. It \~oulil be very dcsrr:~blo .for Canadn to rnn' 0110 e\•cn·111ch rifled gun-it wo11~1l bo lntlo more than half at! rnc·h la~·gcr in tho boro thnn tlw G4.·pnnnder which ha•Jll t been to tcd, nud .\I~ssrs. G.il~ert & Soni, could rn akc it without difficulty. Colonel :-:ltrango ha~ the d1·~twmg,.. of 7-rnc~ gt~m;. Tin ir W<'ight of i;hot would he 1·20 lb..:., and they won Id Lo formidable armour p1ermng gnn , rrlwy WOUid pierce 8 inches c•f iron. 'J.'ho. 32 pounder C70llV~l'letl to (j.! pound01· rifle idcntitnl "ith Mc:-sr,;. Gllberl'ti ~un, 11as pr creed the "arr1or target at Sbot•­bur)·n<l! , ''iz.: 4~ inches of iron and l~ in<:hes of' t('ak. The chnrgel" for thir1 i;ervic.:e wc1e Hi lb. ofR J;. G. powder, and 8ti lb. Palliscr i<hot. The same gun aftenvunlt1 tired fh·c ronn :Is of~;:; lb~. of R. L. G. powder ar,d 150 I b. i;hot, and five round:;, 30 lbs., •>f' n. L. G. po"dcr :we! 100 lb. i<hot w1tho11t injury. Sue!~ wns tho cxce~lcnc:o of the coiled w1 mwbt-ir'on ban·c1s that the 01~1nanc:e Sclc,•ct Com m1ttce who irn perrntendod the cxperimcn( enquired whether the Lar1ol was a solid forging. .\Ie~sr:;: G1_Ibcrt.& Sou will be :iblo to make ju"t a,.. good bnrrcls. <Joloncl Strnnge was qmto Jlbt1ficd tn put· ting Len''Y charge into .Mc,"r.~. Gilberts' gun; 110 knew it would not burst, .nud wi.:b ed, no doubt, to tc't the maoufocturer'r; work for the experience and bunefit of all concerned. 'l'ho !10-poun<lcr ritlu wonld pierce :-ix inches of iron. .

.A converlcJ rifle mortnr on the Pallise1· plan bas been tried, and firod with ucr.c~,, at Shocburync.'"· Tho t>u<·cce:; of the ::.-.r~tcm h:.s thus been establi:;hed; the

lihcll all de <'.ended point fir~t. The 11101 tar wa<1 a 13·int'h i<mooth bore, nnd is con­Yertcd ton 9-inch rillc, tiring tho ::-crvico projectile~ of that weight. A great adv~rn­tagc i in thou e ofthc,er\'ic·c projectile ofthoritl<XI gun!>, as thcro can bono confu..,wn 1,f .,tore-. 'j hu the I::.iuch i;rnooth hore m01·tnr converts into a !l-inth rifled mortar, the 10-in~h into a 7·inch, a11d the 8-inch !lmooth bore mortar into th.o 6·a.irwh mQ1 tnr. 'I'hc weight of the !!hell for tho 9-i nch rifl.cc! mortnr 11-o

~50 lbs., of tho 7·inch, 120 lb~ .• and of tho 6·:~·inch, 64 lbs., 01· 90 lbs. If desired. Mc ri;. Cilbert & Sim could cast mortar:; for cr,nvct·sion when those in ~tore arc tinishod. '.I'he proper mixture of iron wonld be two-third!i strong grey pig, nnd ono-third white iron. 'l'bis gi\·c. the strong " mottled" iron suitublo for gun ~1 ings. ~o doubt, it appe:ir.~ surprhing tlmt :idvantage should not have heon taken i11 Englnnd of thi cheap and va. .. t :)UJIJ>ly of formidable weapons when c·on\·crto<l, but it mu t be r1•mombcrc<l that the sy:;tem wn uot dropped bec·au:;o it was a bad one, hut bccnu o all the money voted wus devoted to the manufacture of Wool wich gu11~.

( fo Cu11fi1111atio11 o; Sir W. !'all ser s . .tlr1 orar. 1 )

Extracts from that portion of the Roport of tho Ordnance Select Committee on Coiled Wrought-Iron Inner Tubes for Ordnance which rolates to tho Conversion of Cast-Iron Guns.

WA1t 0PvrcE, lGth Ma.rl'li, 1868.

)

f JOIIX ~.PA.JG. ·r.·11 .~.

P1rns.1rnTED Tri noTu IT ousEs o~· Cun 1oxs 11v Uumf\xv o.· llEit lIAJF. 1 \'.

".M . .jor Palli~cr is of opinion that tho rcsii;tan<'e of tho c 11st-iro11 portion of tl l'l

<>-uo to a gi\'cn longitn Jina! i;tl'ain applied internally, is incrca d hy 111c1ca ing lhe ~re~ that recci\·e it; that tho i;trcn;.{th of the gun in thh re! pc ·t i not I , but more than it wns ucforo it was horo<l to recci\·c the" >i i. Thi tilrnin, ac ·01'tl1ng I.I)

hi~ view~ like tho cireumfcronfrtl '-tr:iin, is principallv IJornc hy the intc1 ior. l'he Cornrnittc'o think that thern is mud1 probability thnt "this view 1 cori eel. 'ro thi" theoreticnl ground for confidence b to be aclde I what tlm Comm ill c ro, ml n ample p1·oof from ex1 criment, that the gun a1·c ... ~ron~ e1.1011gh _for the ch rgcs propo~c<l.to bo u~c<l with them; of the mauy guns lined with 001lcd tub· , nnd l• t I for endurance onh· throo have failed in 1>oi11t of longitudinal strength, natl nil of them

, J I,, aftot· &taading mucl~ larger charge.:.. th:m aro propo c .

"N ·>o- ~-mch Completed the fil',,t pronf . erics with n charge of lG I~, o, -

1' 6S·pr. and cylindei i11crom;ing in weight. c\'Cl') 10th rouaa ,

from ouc :-hot np to 10. It ultim•1tol.} hun<t with n chargo of 3~ lhs .. and a <'yliudcr wci rhing 20 l lrn.., ht~l not w a wn,· which irnlicntd u ct"ficiomy uf lo11g1-

"No. 220, 7·inch 68-pr.

tuclinul i;trcnglh. rrhis gun hn been t.. i··c Jim~!. Tho .tit t time .in 15i~J

with n douhle tuhc, of which the mncr port10n ~rn compo .. ed of .~tecl tcmpe~·c<l in ?ii, _Lho Ot!tcr ofeoilod iron. '!'be ~leel tube -pli t long-1t11d111nlly m proof nnd wa:-; cnt out. It was 1·0.(rncd with ndol'blc coilod tube ot ThorHeJ<TOft' ... iron in 1St15. It blew .the bre:1ch ont afto1· 136 round-.. of which S3 were with tho foll b:itlcring ch:.irge of ·a w1·ought-iron i -ton gun; ~at the tuho bein r entire wn~ wken out, pl r l ngnm, and ill ortc<l 'into So. :H5, in which it wn er la1god to n c:ilibre of eight incu•'"• and remain or-. ir-0:1.blo ntt~r the test .. t:1tctl nuder that number.

tH).inch Bur"t ~ ftcr a proof "Cl'ic:>, with . chnrgo lG lbs., .an~ "No.

2:n, ·JO.inch cylinder incro.'lsmg hy tho wo11;ht ot o~o. ~h?t O\cr.' lOlh ronnd. Tho cylindor with wlncu 1l bun.1 weighed 59J lbs. . .

'rhi,., gun h:is been twko lin~. ,l'lt~ fir,.t 1111!0 with n dnublo tul><.: of <·oilel i1·on, with wl11ch \1010 l11cl o..:oo round~ 11s follows:- ,,

With charge, 12 Jb,,, :.hclli;, 100 lbs..... -0 u 16 lbs. " 100 108 ...... 710 •· :!O lb. 11 100 ll>S...... 40

00

•·It 10coivcd a nC\\ ,\ tube i11 1 65, .nnd hl~1\· the hn•ach out at. the 103nl ro_und, of wluc.h 53 m.lh ~e fu II battori11g C'barg-e of a 7 ·tnch gnu; net thcr # o. -.-0 or 247 hnd 'their brc:.di eloqod in the mnnnor MaJOr

S·inch " No. ;?45, IO-inch

~~ 30

,., 6·3-inch 11.1,0. -A, '-'?

"No. 351:

"No. 352,

., .... -pr.

7·0-inch ---C

68-pr.

8·0.incbD 68-pr.

Pi111i 01 appr \'C". 'I'ho luho was lnk{•n out like thnt "f Xu. :.:!o, u11d ha been i;i111·c in:.l'1torl i11 n east-iro

11 lU-inlh gun. 'l'ho Uurnmittcc :uc i11fon11ud hy .\hjoi· Pnlliscr that thi gu11 hn Lco11 prcH'l•<I iu bl .wiek with two r.ninds ::o lb . !'f1111·gc, a11d, i U IL;;. <'j li11d1•1·i:, a11d ii'! to all :ippenrunep 1111i11jt11t•d.

B >th '.!:! 1, :! I. and :! H won• !-{t111" which ltud OL'on <·omlomncJ in thi..:1r 01·igi11al slate fo1· liss111·1. i11 tlio cast-iron l'Ollnd tho Ycnt.

Tbt' i11toi·io1· of this gun :is rnr.ntioned auO\'t', is tlw 1-1amo tubo as 11 lb pnn 1uu!'ily in No. ~..'.O, in wliil'!1 it fi1·oc1 136 batte1·ing cb 11·.~l'S. H hns t>inco tired 77 l'<Hllld'i with bhl'lls of lbO lus. and cluu·gc:-; i11c1·<.'a ing fmm 12 Ju~. to 30 lbs.; 51) round. with shell ... or lStJ lbs. anci eh:u·~L's of :w ll>~.; ;35 rounds with shells of l:!O 11.i'i. and eh:u·gc:-i of ~:! lb.~. In li\O of the rounds with 22 lb,.;. ch:11·gcs air spnces of from 10 to 50 inchc~ woro purpo. oly lcf'L UC'twcc11 tho cartridges an<l Rho II, and four t-holl-.., co11tai11iog 1:!-! lb-i. bu1·;,,ter ... , wcn.1 intcn­tion:dly b~i:>t lit tho bore without any N'l'IOU;,, clfocts.

This gun w:i"' rejected at proof for certain apparent detect.... 1l wn" \'Oluntarily oticrcd aftcn\'ards by :Major Pallli-..or fo1· a trial of euduruncC'. 1L CllClurcd 25 rounds with cylinder" of 50 lb..:., and cbnrgo iucrcusin~ c\·c1-y firth round by 5 lb,,,. at a time from 10 lli-.. to 30 lbs.; :!5 l'OUn<.b with cylindcts of 100 lbs., charge:-; lb before; 20 rounds with C'.}'liudcr of 150 lbi;. Jn ud.litio11 to thc"c round-.. which fo1·mcd a i;ories, it ha:; fired 40 other round::;, viz.: .five with 10 lbs. charge' and :-.hells of about 64 lbs., 2.) rou11ds with 16 lbs. charge:-. and "hells of about 64. II.is. and 10 1·011nds with 20 lbs. charge:; and cylinders of 100 lbs .. making a total of 11 l rounds. In 10 of the rounds fired with 16 lb-. char~cs, afr 1>pa<'e-< of fiom 5 to 25 inches were puq>o"cly lei t hot\\ ccn the cartridge and the shot, and tirn holl , COntnini11g 1! JlJ, UUr .... Cl'::;, Were intentionally bur:,t in tho bo1·0 without any •erious effects; tho gun wa-.. loaded uftc1·wnrd1> without difficulty. When tho gun bu1·-t it wus firing a tylindcr of Lill lb . with 30 Jh~. of powder. 'l'hc nature of the lmi,,t did not indi­tate deticicn<'y of longitudinal :.ti cngth; it split oxtol'llully, but did 11ot go to piece,;.

Pallisor lined gu11 hn I ired 100 round with full hattc1•ing char~os of ~~ Iii . :11ul i;hot of 11.i lbs. It doc8 not cxhil.iit any dcfic:ioncy of longitmEnal ~l!·cngth.¥

Palli er linod gu11 has fired l·1 ro11111ls witl1 ch: rgm1 of' 30 lbs. and shot of l!!O lbs .. bciug mol'e tl1a11 tho original proof clrnrgo of the ca t-il'on gun wiLh the Wt•i;.:-ht of two nhot. ft docs not exhibit uny <ldicioucy of longi­tudinal l:!lrcngth,·j in fac·t, scvcr.11 of the cx:un pie:. horn quoted, in«tcacl of 111·c1ving '\\'cak110::;:;, pro\'u extra-01dinnry strength.

• The number of rounds baa since been increased to 13~, of which 121 have be('n with charge of 22 pounds.

t The number of ronads has since been lncrca ed to 80 with tLc eame chRrgc3,

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G·28-in< h 'l'l · · f '>O "Not numborod, . 11:., gu.n 1" T ouc o - ordoro<l by tho Go\"ernmont of 32-pr. V1cU>na, .New S uth Wale for the nrmnmc·nt of tho

" N I " bl k I . I ' · o bOn oc "11p. t. was 1 ncd to tho Oommitt o for tho clct.-Onninu.tion of range t:1hlcs, Jfinute :!~!) , and has 61c1l 74 round , \'iz. :-

( 'narge, rn I bs., shell SG 11 ............... 24 " 8 ll.1s. " <i! I bs.. . .. .. .. .. .. . 50

"Two. of th o gun~ last lined have been to:.ted with chru·ge,, double their pro­poi;od scrv1co charge without any symptom of failu10, viz.:-

u N 303

5·'72-inch 50 rounds, charge 11 Jb,,.; i-hell fil lb:;. o. ' .3.2-,Pr. 50 rounds, rbnrgc futh G·i lbs.; shell Gi lbs.

"'T 30? 6'o~-mc·h 50 round>;, charge rn JI,-;. j ~hell (j I lb" . .1.~ o. .n, d

i!2-pr. 50 roun ~, charge 11Gth G· 1 lh~.; hell G 1 lb-..

"'l'hc other six gunH of this supply ba\'C tire I ns followi; :-. 6·:~-inc h

"N"o .. ~0 1, 3

., . 50 round:;, charge ith, 8 lb .... ; shell G! lb .

.;;-pl. .. . 5·7~-inch

".1. o. 304, 32

50 rounds, charge sth, S 11.>~.; shell G4 Jh~. -pr.

"~o. 3051

5·!2-in~ 50 rounds, charge T1uth, 5·G lb::.; shell 5r, 11.i:-. 21-pr. 50 rounds, charge sth, 7·0 Ju::,.; shell 5G lbs.

T 5·72· inch ~ ".No. 306, 2

, --:>O rounds, charge f-o-th, 5·G lb~.;. hell 56 lL::,.. -rpr.

5·2·in ch "No. 307, ?-!-' h 100 r ounds, charge tth, 7·0 lb:-.; :;hell 5G lbs .

.,, inc

"N 308

5·2-inch 50 rounds, charge -(uth, 5·6 lb.~ . ; shell 513 lbs . ..i: o. ' 24-pr. 50 rounds, charge tth, 7·0 lb~. ; shell 56 Jb:-i.

11 'J'be Committee cannot but regard tbb accumulated oYidonce of ::,lructurnl strength as perfectly conclmsive, and they woul<l call attention to :-cn~ral of Sir W. Arm:-t.1ong':; replies, as indicating the confidence ho is di-..po.-c l to place in good experimental tests in t~ question of this character.

"11. Tho Committee do not hesitate, with the-.o fact-. before them, to recom­mend an extensive conversion of our present ca"t-iron l:'tnOOth·bor(l(l gun" into 1;t1cd guns with lininf?S of coiled iron, for sccondnry purpo:.c .. of <lofoncc. Experiment::. recently made show the possibility of controlling the recoil of a gun of only fh-e too~ weight, when firin g the full battering charge of tho 7-iuch gun" of !:'ix and n half and se\·en tons, upon nu ordinary GS-pr. wooden platform :it 5° !'llopc, :;trengthened aud fitted with tho American compressor, and although tho Committee ar~ not pre­pared to recommend such lnrge charge~ for lined 6 ·pr»., they cout<idcr these experiments t o have proYc<l that such guns may, so far ns tho --hock on the carriage and platform are concerned, be used on travcr;-;ing platforms with charge..-. l>eyoml those appropriated to shell gunA, and therefore be included in tho libl of gnus for com·e1·sion, with t~ view to their employmonL for harbour dcfonco in India, or by any colonies thnt may des ire so to utilize guns that nro nlrcndy coloninl pt opcrty.

"Tho natmes of cnsL·iron ordnance then which the Commilteo recommend fl"

snit.Able for lining and rifling are the following:-" 68- . ., f , {to bo convertc<l into 7-inch gun..; , employing tho snmo "

1 ln ~ · 0 95 C\\ t. charge (14 I bs.) UR tho t;;ix nud a half nnd l:'O\·on ton guu:-,

0-mch guns of 84 cwt. with common shells, bat a smnliN' buttering charbo. "8-inch 65 cwt., to be converted into a gun of 6·3 inch calibre, with ch1u·gc::, -Sth. "32-pr:;. of 63 to 56 cwt., to be converted into 6!-pr. :;hell gun:-i, with charges of ruth. '' 24-p1·::1. of 50 nnd 48 cwt. to bo converted into 56 pr. i:;hol.!.$nns, with clwrgc-. of ,1o-tb.

' J. 11. LgFROY, Bl'ir•adior·G oncrnl, n. _\ .,

3rd I<~ebrnary, 1868. 0

Pro.sidont, O.S.C. 8-21

3~2

''Since tho dnto of this report !I-inch gun ~o. 2!13, mnde with n coiled iron b:irrcl doublo nt tho breech end, with n cn~t.-i1·on exterior (cnst round the tube), ha.'i

' d . eompletcd fill roun ~.viz.:-

"In a. mooth-horcd :--tnto-

Chnrgc 55 lb,;., shot ~50 lb~... . . . . ........... . ................. . ... 2 " ·!3 lbs., " 250 lbs........ ...... . . ....... .. •. .... ••....•• 18

Aftor ritling-

Chnrgo 55 lbs., shot 250 lbs....... .. .......... .... ... ...... ... ... .. 2 II 45 lbiJ.1 (( 250 lb::! ... .. .......... ....... ,•••••••• •• •••••• , 8'1 11 43 lbs.1

11 250 lbs....... .. .... ... .... .. ...... ....... .. . . 402

511

11 Tho tube has split from tho muzzle about half its length down, and wns in this conditio 1 <luring a lnr~e part of tho tost. Tho powder uoed throughout all tho te8ts wn.-.R.L.G."

Jfemorandum.

Eleven years have olap:Sed since tho nbovo recommendation wns made, and nbout 2,000 gun,; have been con\"erte:i nod passed into the service. They are in con tnnt U!:iC, o.;;;pccially for annual practice, by tho volunteer artillery. No accident ofnny kind hns occurred with them.-W. PALLI8ER

1 November '1, 1879.

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ski lie, nn impoi-sllm•"J w nu ... c :mun u corp!' . . \.gn111, wc ru the work!'} to ho lmilt by cont.met or ci\·ilinn labo111·1 the h igh rato of wnge-. woul l more thnn countorbnl.m o tho co t inc:irrod in tho trnn:<port of n body of men from here.

8-211

h

i d i

9 I NCH BREECH-LOADING PALLISER GUN.

CONVERTED FROM T HE 9 INCH COMPOUND PALLISER MUZZLE-LOADING GUN\ WHICH IN 1868,GOMPLETED-

50 0 BATTERING CHARGES Of 43 '-?i R.L.C. POWDER AND 250'-!.sPROJECTILES

SCALE I I~

T6

Fl G I.

---___ '>, ..... __ _ ~-

_=-.:;

~t@J·---------

FI G 2 . -----_,,,....

The Breech-Plug a (figures 1, 2 and 3) ill screwed into a hinged collar or door b (figure 1, 2 and 3) being !!Crewed out of the gun, and swings away from the bore (as shown by the dotted lines, figure 1.) until held steady by ihe catch c (figtma I and 3). The Screw-Thread is of double pitch The Handll' d (figures I and 3) locka the hinged collar or ech-Ooor b (figur~ 1, 2 and 3) until the ping a (figures 1, 2 and 3) is ecrewed back the full amount, viz. :-three tu ms of the &er n· TLe 1 'heck­~ t (figures 2 and 3) prevents the breech-plug from being Ulll'Crew"<i beyoud three turtll! The Handle d C31l then, Lut only then, be raised, and the breech-Ooor opened, as shown by the dotted lines (figure 11. The a.ct of raWng tho handle d locks the breech-plug a and prevents it from being screwed forward again until the breech-Ooor b is cl'*-d '.l'bt:.! u long aa tho breech is open, the gas-check is retained inside its Protector f (figures 1 and 211 and the breech-plug i kept In the exact position for being again screwed up. AE soon, however, as the breech-Ooor is shut, the handle d becomes fl ee and !alls Into ita aitch A (figures l and 3) ; the breech-plug is now free to be screwed home by three turns, and the act of screwing It ap n , at once, lock the handle in its catch. The Gas-Check g (figures J and 2) is formed by a copper ring screwed on t.o the front put of the scrcw­plug. It could, In the event of becoming injured, be at once screwt.'<l off, and a fresh ring be screwed on lo Its plnc~ I~ orer­laps, externally1 the metal of the bore of the gun, and thus its seat in the gun is protected from injury dnrlng loading. The g un can be uaCCI either aa a breech loader or muzzle-loader.

ELEVATION .

F JG 3 .

'' inco t bnrrcl, doubl1 COlnj ll •tod 51

" In 0

Af'lA c

" T ho tt condition du wa ... R.L.G."

El oven about 2,000 con tnnt USE of nr1y kind

323

APPENDIX No. 10.

PROPOSITION BY IJrnU'P.-COT;QN'gL SCOBLI·~. FOH TIU<} E:\IPLOY2\rn~:r'j' OF u rn COMPANY 01'' ENGfNEEHS TO CON~'rnucr FORl1IFlCA.­'fIO~ AT VANCouvgn ISLA~D.

TIE \0 QU.\RTF.R", 2:rn DrsTRICT E:rnI/\EER CORPS,

Tonoxro, 10th No\·cmbcr, 1879.

Sm,-Ifaving in view th<:l probabll' recommendation of tho commi«sion appointed to re11Jrt upon the defence~ of British Columbia. and Yanconvor I lnnd, J have tl10 bonoi1r to offer the scn·ice:-; of' the corps under my command to construct tmy fortifications that may be con-;idered necessary.

Tho trnn~porl of a company of Royal Eugineor.; to llritifih Columhin would he a matter of con.;idcrablo time, expen!'-e and difficulty. The Imperial Government doubtle~s would hesitate to ask, and the Uuite<l States Government w-ould probably deny tho pas!'lage of a company of regular !'-ol<.liors aero s United States Territory to San Fran.cisco, although this would Le tho most direct and le!1-.t; expensive routo. This objection would not apply to tho corps under my c:ommnnd, who, as citizen soldier::;, could traverse the United St.'\tes in civilian costunw, and resume their milita1·y co::.tume at their jo11rnoy':; end. Similarly, their a1·m::. and .accoutrements could be carried as freight, and nothing need di clo c the nnturo of their errand.

The expense of tho transit acro:ss the continent from Toronto to San Frnnci-.co would be about SGO (say .£12 ::;tg.) per head. From thence to Victoria, Vancouver'::: Island, about $20 (say £4 stg.) pe1· head.

The :-.trength and character of the corps might be determined by tho character <>f the works to bo erected. It would probably bo con ... idoretl advi ... ablc, howe\•er, to confine the number to :-.killed artizans, an<!. I bog to suggo ... L the followin~ proportion :-

Carpento1·s .... ... .. ... .. ...... . . 21 )fasons . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . • . .. ... .. 17 Bricklayers ... .. ...... ... ...... 20 Smiths..... .... ... ...... ....... . . 6 " "heelers. ........ ....... . ... ... 2

Coopers .. .... .. .......... .... . ... 1 Painter;; ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... . 6 Tailors ............................ ;{ Collar make' s . . .. .. .. . . • . .. . . . . 2 Bugler=' . .... . .. ............. .. .... 2

<>r a total ot 80. Should thii; number be reduced, I should imggest the (i6 included in the first column . In either case, permission should bo ~ivon mo to recruit up to 80 or 130 011 arri\·al in Brili~h Columbia, from among::.t a suitable cla-.:; of tho population. . . . .

It may be urgoil that a company of on;inoor:-; conl l be mis l rn Br1tt.:b Columbi:i that would ob,·into the noce,,sity for tran,,port. It mu ... t bo remom~erod, howovo r that owing to tho spar,,o :-.ottloment of the country nnd tho sc.'lrmty of skilled ~rti~Jm labour, and its high rnto of wn~e ... , it would probably bo au impo~:->ibility to rai-;o such n corps. Ag:\in, wore tho work to bo built by contract or c:i\·ilian labour the hi!!h rate of w:\•"e" woul<I mo10 than counlorbnlunce tho cost

J ....... 0

inc:.irre<l in tho tran~port of n. body of men from here. 8-21!

Tl10 rntc of pny nllowcd to Cnruulinn nctivo militia on service is slightly higher thnn tho pny nllowcJ to tl1c Roynl Engineo1 , but much lo~i> thnn the rnto of wngcs which obt:iin in Briti ... h Columbia, or o\·eu in Ontario. Tho 1-1killod labour for the work in qu "tion could not, tboroforo, be porformo<l in tlO economical n mnnncr in any other way n:> by tho onlistmont of nn ncti>o militia force for tho pUt·poso.

Should irnmo<linto 11ccc"' ity nriso for tho dofonco of tho works whon erected oi· in progro:-~, I beg to remind you that my tionior lioutonnnt and I hold firRt clnss <'.Crtificnte from tho :-chool of gunnery, and nro competent to in:;truct in tho working of gun ...

I .. hould propose thnt tho men be enlisted for a year, or for such time ns might bo noco "nry for tho completion of tho work8 in question, nnd that on discharge thoy i>hn}l be on titled t.o tho m;unl ln~~ grant to volunt?ers proFo.rming military duty. If dc ... 1rnblo, they might form n m1htnry settlement m the vicinity of tho works thom­hOlve ... "0 n." to bl' twailable for defence tshould occasion arise.

'fhe men of tho corp:s under my command hnvo been instructed in tho r~d.imon~nry eloment:s of military engineering. I my:solf and two of my officol'8 aro c1v1I cngmoer:-.

Tru ... ting that my proposition mny be favorably con:sidered,

I ha>e the honor to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

THOS. C. SCOBLE, Lieut.-Colonel,

Commanding 2nd District Engineer Corps. The Lieutenant-Genornl,

Commandin!! the Militia, Canoon, Ottawa.

APPENDIX No. 11.

ROYAL MILITARY COLJ;EGE OF CANADA-REPOH'r 01<' BOARD OF vrsr·rons l''OR 1819.

·The Ilonoarable The Mini:;Lcr of Militiu and Defonce,

&., &c., &c., Ottawa.

HEAD QUARTERS, OTr-~wA, 8th December, 1879.

Sra,-Tho Board of Vi!:iitors appointed by Order of tho Governor in Council for duty in connection with tho Royal Military College, a"semblod at Kingt)l<.Ht 011 thl} 4th instant, and have now the honou1· to report as follow!:):-

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF S1TE OF Bu1LDINO.

The Royal Military College is situated on a peninsula of abont l'li~ty-fivo 015} acres, the property ofthe Government, at Kingston, in the Province of Ontario. At the extremity of the peninsula iR Fort Frederick (about eight acre·), in ch:u·go of "A" Battery of Artillery, and across the wnter, towards the e!lst (width 500 ynrds), is Fort Henry, also in charge of the artillery. The cornmunic:i.tion w·ith King ... ton iP by a bridge 660 yards long.

The college grounds form two enclosures. Within the inner onclos·1re (about 34 aero">) are situated the cadet barracks, and me-;;;; and class bmlding, gymna-.ium, drill parade$, recreation grounds, &c. Within the onter onclo:;ure (nbont :32 acra'-), tho military enginee1·ing grounds, staff quarters, and no11-commi ... -.ione1l ofiiccr-.' nnd servants' quart.er8.

Tho cadet barrack building i.:i intenue l for the accommo lntion of fifLy·nine ( 59} cadets, quarter!:! for officer employed as staff ndjutnnt nnd (•aptnin of C.'l. leb; quarters for ono non.conuni-isioned otticer; and in the bn,,crnent, two store room-1 and a:. 13moking room for cadets.

Tho north block, ust-d as an odncntionnl building, nnd IUC"'S nnrl hospital premises, is occupied as follows :-Me1;s p1 cmisos cloven rooms, hospital nine. cla"s an1L lecture rooms ton, library nnd reading room" three, committee room ... nn I otlict!."' th·c, storo room one, room.-> temporally occnpic l by fifteen ca iet.; live, prDfo ... sor:-' l'OOm ono: totnl, 45.

All tho builtlin~s are lighted with coal oil l:\mps, of ''"hich there nre 6 in tho cadets' quarters, andl!l6 in the ednc:ttionnl bnilding. The cleaning and mnint(!nnnco of those lamps ontnil labo11r, ri::.k nod o. ·pense, which would he ob\•intod to a considerable extent by tho lbO of ga,.;,

Owing to disUmce from tho colle~e to tho city. it nppom .... "mnll ga ... ;>motcl" would have to be orocted on tho promi-.e~, nn l tho gn' be uppli~l lo nlly. It nbo appo~u·:-; thnt ga'.l is nccu.,,..ary in the pnr--uit of cc ·t'lill tu re,.. in chum· try nnJ physics.

Tho cndot.s' quarter. nrc hcutotl by Ii it nir f1um two furn:tco::. in the l1a-.orn\J11t,. ( not uflicicntly), nnd roquidug to bo i;upplemo11.to<I by 0110 :-tovo un the ground ~lour­and one in tho moking room. 1'ho no.rth block 1s .hu:1t0<l hy steam from two botlcrg in t110 bnscmont. Conl i-. tb<'CI n · fuol m nil tho ln11ld111g~.

Wntor for tho north block i" :.upplicd by c:u·b t1llo<l at tho lake shoru cJo,,o by tmd for tho cadet-. qunrtcr:-, by Jrnnd pump-. from tho lnko, en~ail.ing a gr?at amouut of lnbour. .A-. wnter pipo .. :ire nlroad.'· lnid down for both bu1ldmg:-, tluli would be o bvintcd by tho erootion of a :-mnll fo1·cing pump upon tho wharf, which has boon con tructcd for thi" purpo,,e.

Cadets' Quarters.

Theo1·etkally cnch cadet should have a scpnrn.to room,.abut prncticn.Ily tho n.ccom­modntion doa., 11ot ndmit of this most do.;;imble arrn11gemont, and there urc no\v :i:-0vornl room:; occupied by two cadet:-. Tho Board, howurnr, consider tho room1:1 so occupied to ho too "mnll for this purpo:-<e.

"ndct" nre :;o dot:iilcd to rooms on tho ~evoral .flats n.:; to keep the companiel::i, half oompnnie:,; nnd :-oction::; ii:, much fu:i po-.siblo togetlier.

Each cadet previous to joining the college b roquire<l to pay a contribution of 200, to covor the value of uniform, boot-., por:-oual clothing, book;, in:strumentti and

sppnratu:-, nrnl in every futw·e year S130 in advance, for tho :same purpose. Articles require<! nro b::.ued from the Go>ernml'nt slorel> nt co:st price. Tho contribution money i" accounted for annually to the ca<let. Any bUrplm; ii; carried to his credit townrd" hi-. next annual contribution, and any deficit must be paid in addition to his nc..'\'.t nnnunl contribution. Tho cadet.IS aro :-upplied with in:struction, board, lodging and nttondnnce, but are roquirod to pay their own por:--0nal w~hing bills. So far tho annual contribution ha:. been found ample for the purpo.se.s for which made,-indecd, very mauy cadet.IS have a !'mall balance at their cr.:idit at the close of each year.

The room ofench cndet i.s ::mpplied by Goverumentwith one military bedcot (iron), bed furniture, two chairs, one chest clrawers, one writing table, one wa:,hstand, one Jnrnp, ouo book .. helt~ one arm rack, one accoutrement shelf and rack, but each cadet is J>«:rmittcd, i~ he di;:;ire-. for his own comfort to do so, to procure a strip of carpet to be Iuid loose be. ... 1de 11 ... bed, a cover for tho table, and to place pictures' on the wallR, 11rovid~. no inj~ry i-. done.to the qna11~r:>. (;\fnny rooms were obier•ed by the Board :it thf:1r m pcct1on as havmg the .. e :.tnp:- of carpet, and as being neatly and taste­fully ornamented.)

In cl room each cadet is 'npplied by the Go\·crnment with one study dc:--k and stool, one drawfog board.

Tho cadet::; kc.op their own arms and accontrcmcub clean and in proper ordor, nnd nl o ma.kc their own bod-., the~e dutic:. being tho:;c of soldiers. Cleaning of bootB, wa hrng fioorl'i and other .-.ernco:. of a -.imilar de,.;cription are performed by the collego servan~. The rooms are in ... Jlocted daily by an officer.

. All cn<let;; have to be up and dretised at 6.30 n.m. in :mm mer, and '1 a.m. in winter~ L1ght: ont (except non-commis50ned office1·s and cadets on <Pua1·d who are allowed an. extra honr) nt 10 p.m. 0 '

Bath upplie<l with hot and cold wator are available in tho proportion of one t<> ten cadeL!l. 1n sum::ner all ~adots are compollod to attenJ swimming parades, but. those who aro unable to swim are not permitted to enter the water alone.

t'ho Government cUJ?ply all re•1 uisit-O for mes:-.ing tho cadets, in the form of table furn1tnro, &:c., and e;<>okmg arra?geinont-. .. The mo.ssman supplies all pro\·ioion,.;

1 ~ks, cookn~g utensils, fuel and light. Ho 1s provided with qua1·t-01"1:1 in the build.­mg, an~ rcco1ves 4!1 c~ntB per diem:for each cadet prosent from day to day for whica .ht' provides tho followmg cale of diet::- '

327

Brea~fast.

H ot chop or steak, or su.usago ... , or bacon and o rg:;, potatoe;, brca I, whitG or brown, butter: tea or coffee, milk and brown nugar.

Dinner.

H ot meat, potatoes, vegotablos, soup, or pudding, or pie, bread, white or brown, butter, and brown sugar.

Supper.

Cold meat, cheese, bread, but~or, tc~ or coff~in~i~~l~~~ ~~~~:i~n~~r.Soup, throo For all purposos, mustard, vrnogat' popp~1 .h week . roast joint four time.!,

timos, pudding twic<le, frui~ or p.rcs~~'tJ10J·o~:;;ct,!f~e a week; L~oi: mt:tt?n, ln!llb, meat pies or stewe moa o~~o, i .. ,, ·ea-on. ve et.:1ble:. to be >arte<l daily; pork and veal, al.ternatoly, da1~ d~11n,.,. tho ~eek. 'tea gand coffee alteruato days. white bread five time~, brown roa. twice a d , cats rc ... ervc~ pro crvcd ,·ogo­E xtra article:; of mes:iing, such .at pic~le~, po~e t i:cco 'J:in · be ~bt:iiue<l from the tables, &c., also temperance <lnn .> c.1g~rs i~~od ob the commandant, but nono of mossman by the cadcti; at.fixed !H 1cc~, .• 1pp oxce t ! n his own written roqui. ition, theso articleR can be obta1.ned bJ. ~n.y c~d~t,t r!J J° one of the .... ervant.;' who pro­specifying his wants. This rcqu1s1t10n is e ive th samo to the cadet. At tho curos the articles from the mc:.sman, whFi c~harges m:ndant specifying tho amount end of each month he ~akes an abccou~J bo; h' e ~~he capta'in of cadet.~, and.by the d ue by each cadet, wl11ch has to e pai J im

latter to tho messman. f th t ny be ordered by each cadet during the month The total amount o extra!-3 a m ... is strictly limited, viz. :-

. · d offico1"' · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · &4 OO For non-comm1ss10ne " · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2 00 For cadets ...... . . ... .... . ·· · ··· ··· ········· ··· ············· · ···· · ····

. . ed. d .· -r th dinner hour. the men.I provided wn:' The dining r~om wns visit ;1 ~ng de ts xcellent ~nd the general arrang~

good and substant1n:l, the conduct od ; ~tcha. o e fort Water was tho only benirngo ments showed a satisfactory regar ior etr com .

allowed. . . . r . . . luding ale or beer, are The Board ob:;cr•e that no l~t-0x1catmg 1.quo1:-, l.nc rrbl a l'O\'ill"' of this

allowed within the college pro~it<e:;.; and whib~f ~~~~u~ n[mb~J' of the cndcl' restriction, nre of opinion.' having rn v10': th~ a~e.sanction fhe u:,e of alo or beor nt and other circ11mstances, it would ~e ~v1~a~h e. own expen"o and by permb;,ion of dinner by such cndct8 as may rcqutre it, a cir - , their parents.

Amusements.

1 and se'l'"eral valuable plans, the whole The library poqsesses about 778 vo umos, ·1ablo is a. vory small ouo. f h Go moot The only room avm - bool . tho proverty o t e vern . . t m orary storo room for tho rs rn

a ltogether inndeq~ate, h.oing m~roly :nd:r fho commandant as pr~idont, by a possos1:1ioo. Tho Library J~ governe '

committee of staff of col.loge. d d . tho commandant as prosid1Jnt, by a com· The reading room ~s .gover?o ' un 01 s Periodicals and journals, Cnundian,

mittco of military and et'l'"il ~tntt and cade~~tion of committeo nft-01· app1-oval by Britbb nnd foreign, a.re t.nkon on r?c~m~~n '1 by >oluntary subscription ot staff nod commandant. Tho road1n~ ~·~~ ~~ s~; aiP:r term staff and ca lets, $1; no debt:> cadot.8 Entranco-stnff, $2' cuue"", 9 • '

ullow~d, average number of mombors 99 per cont.

328

The rocr\'ntion,. in which cadot.s engage nre nt present c•rickot, foot-ball, boating, lnwn tonnis1 ~ymnn.~tics; :worogo number of me111bo1·:-l I\"! follows :- Rocrcntion club 95 per ccnt.1 di\'idcd :1 follow:;: crickctor:'l1 40 por cont.; footbul1

1 80 por cont. ; lawr~

t-Onni , 40 per cent; boatin~, HO per cent; ,·oluntnry g-ymnMtics, 50 por cont. The clubs nro 1-{0\'0rncd, under tho commnntlnnt as prosidont, by a commit.too of

UlfT nmi cndeb. The rccrcJation club~ nm ,,ustninod by voluntary subsc1·iption of . tnft' nncl cadotl'l. .Entrnnco-statt~ S~, cmlots1 S 1; per term, titnff aud ca.dots, Sl ; no debt allowod.

A racquet COul't nn•l bowling alloy wonlcl be n vory desirable addition to provide for exorcise within collc,;o grounds, ospocially in winter.

Athletic spor~ tnke plnco nnnunlly, n.nd prizes nro awarded for distinction gnincd. Arrnngcment.s gov~1·n~d by com.mittoo of staff ~nd cadets, and expenses soe1m .. xl by voluntary :mb~cr1ption of staff and cndet.q, assisted by occasional grant from rocrcntion fund. . Tho gymnn...;ium and apparatus, which is supplied by Government, is at nil

time:. op~n .to cn<lets when not engaged. for compulsory gymnastic squads, and the gymnn.'<t1c rn~tructor attends for voluntary clas:-;os on evenings of Wednesday and Saturdav. . Garilbli~g of any dort is stri~tly prohibited, but cortn.in specified games, requir· mg moro ~kill thnn ?hance, un~ rnnocoot of thcm!iOl>Ol'I, are permitted to be played, c:-:cep~ on Snndap• .. m the rcadrng room only. No money or money's worth is to pass directly or md1roctly on the result of any game or ~cries of games.

The daily routine of cadets i · ns follows:-

SUMMER, 15th April to 15th October.

Monday, Tuesday,

Thursday, Friday.

Wednesday. Saturday. Sunday.

---·--·----·--- --- - ---- ---- - - ----R••eille ............. ··· ............. .... ' 6 J..K ... .. ..... . ... 6 J..K ........ - . .. 6 A.K.. ..... • ...... 6 30 Ax.

~~:~}~t•p:~1~e ........ -.......... ~ }5 to 7 ........... 6.15 to 7 .. ........ 615 to 7 ... - ... ... 6:45 · p ............. .... .... .. 5. ........ ....... 6.45.. .• ... .. ... ... 6 45 8 25 B~:r:s·t••••• .. · ........ , ...... ...... ... ... 7.20.. ......... .. .... 6.50 ........... """ 6:50:: ~:: : : ·:::::::: ·

........ ........................ 7.30 . 7 7 8 D ' II P ad ....... .... .... ........... ....... ............... ...... .30 r1 ar e...... ......... ...... ........ 8.30 to 9.30 ..... 8 to 9. .............. 8 to 9 ... ...... _ .. ..

~~ad Parade_ .......................... !l.55 .. ............. 9.25 ............ ····19.25 .... ........... . O~u!cii'"' •······· ................ ...... 10 to 12.30 P.x.... 9.30 to 1 r.M ..... 9.30 to 1 P.JI' .. . .. Parade. ......... . ...........

1 0 Dinner Parade ................ . ........ i2 65........ ........ ··1"

2" .... ..... ...... ..... .. ....... ....... 0.1

Dinner 1 · ·• ......... ·· ···· · 5· .......... .. ... 1. 25 ................. , 1. 25 P. K. 01&!3 p~;,;d~ ... - ................. -.... 1 "5r. ..... ...... .. ... l.30.. ......... .. .... 1.30.. ...... ......... 1.30 Study ........ . :::::.~: ::::::::: :::::: :::::: 2' t~·4 ............... , ................... ......... ...... .......... . Drill Parade 15 ... ...... ..... . ................... ... ........ ....... ..

........ .................... 4. to 5 ............................... . ...... .............. .. Defaull()r'a PBrade ..................... 5.15to 5.45 ....... 3 to3•30, ........ , 3 to 3 30 {3 r.a.r. s . . ........... 5 .., upper Parade........................... 5.55.. . 6 55 6 55 5P.H. oapper 6 ..... ......... · ........ ......... · .. ......... ...... 15. 5 R.:itl'('at"Cs~~~~t'j""" ......... ......... ... ........ ......... 1............ ......... 1 ........ ............ s Olaas Pe.mde ..... ::::::·::::::::::::::::: "6'55"'"'''""'"·· ............................................. .. 8tndy 7°t ·9 ............. .. ..................... ................ ...... , n;~f ~:~:t-:.:.·.:·:.:·.-~::::::::: :::.:::::::.

11g ~ .. ~:.::::·:::::

1

·g:30:··:::::::: :::::· 9:3·0::::::::::: .::::: 19.30 • ..... ..... .... ...... ..... P ll .............. 10 P.M ............... 10 P.)( ............ ... 10 P.JI'.

WINTER, 16Lh October to 14th April.

Monday, TneadBy, Wednesday. &turday. Sanday. Thureday,

Friday,

- ---------1 .ReTeille.......... ........ ...... ...... ...... 6.30 A.M .......... 16 30 A..M ........... 6.30 A .M... ......... 7 A..M. Def11.ulter's Parade....... .... . ......... 6 45 to 7.115....... 6.45 to 7.15 ..... 6 ... 6 to 7.15 ..• 7.16 Breakfast Parade... ........ ... ........ 7115.. ........ ...... 7.15.. ......... ...... 7.15.. ...... ... ..... 8.215 Prayers.. ....... ... ... .... ........ ......... 7.20.. ......... ...... 7.20......... .. .... . 7.20 .............. .. Breakfast ............... - ................. 7.30 ................ 17.30 ................. 1 7.30 ................ 8.30 Class Pe.re.de.. . ....... .... ..... ......... 8. 215.. ......... ...... 8. 25 .................

1 8 25 ................ .

S tudy......... ...... .. .. . .... ...... ... ... 8.30 to 11 ........ 1 8.30 to 12 ......... 1

8.30 to 12 ...... ,_ 10 10 g~ll~a~:J:de .. ~:::: ::::::·:'.::·:::::: i"i:i·s ·t~··i2'.'i5··;:~ 'ii u;·i:c;· i'.'i5 ;:~:.i.'2:"is·~ i'.'i6 ;:~:I ·

5 Dmner Pare.de .......................... 12.55 ................. 11 1.25.... ............ l.~15 ................. 1 1.2

Dinner.. .................. ......... ......... !.................. ... 1.30.... ..••.• ...... 1.30 ................ 1 {13.30 30 P.M. Defaulter's Pare.de......... ... ........ l.45 to 2.115 ... . 3 to 3.30- ....... 3 to 3. - ........ 5 P.x.

Drill Parade.............................. 2.30 to 3.16 ...... .. ............................................. 1

~!~~~ ~~~~~- ::::::::: ::·:::::::: .::::::::. ~:;g·i.~"5:3() :::::: ::::::::: ::::::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::. Retreat (Sunset) ......... ..... ......... . ..... ......... - ...... 1..... ......... ...... .. ......... _ .......... 115 155 S upper Parade........................... 5 155 ......... - ... .. 15.55 .......... - .. 5.155 ........ -.......

6·

Supper .... .. . ........ ......... . . ...... 6 ·- .......... ..... 6 ..•.. ..... ......... 6 ................... ..

~!~d~ ~~~~~::::::::::: .. :::::·:::: .. :::~ ~ · ~~·9 ·:::::::: :::::: '1:::::: ::::::.:".~.~:::: I ::::::::::::::::::~:::· 9 30 'l'attoo ... ........... .. .. -.......... ......... 9.30 ................. 8.30.· ............. .. 19.30 ...... - ........ 10. Lights out... ..... ... ....... ......... ... 10 r.1o1 .... .... ....... 10 P. a.r ..... .......... 10 P.lo! ........ ...... P.M.

Classes for voluntary subjects aro formed on Wednesday and Saturday evenings, two hours each, at which attendance is voluntary.

Oadets.

On the date when the Board visited the college, tho cadet.~ numbered 179.

Organi:;ation and Discipline.

The commandant is :;ololy rcspon1<iblc for di,cipline, an~ ~or the e:.c!lern.l .;uper­intcudence of studio.-.. In hb ab once tho next ..;enior commi-.s1oned m1htnry officer a!;sumes command. , .

The cadets arc ,.,ubjoct to tho )fotiny Act and Article~ of War, Qnce!l ~ Rcguln.lion~, and Militia law and regulation~, during thC'ir term of four yenr::; i;ornce.

Punishments .

All punishments awarded al'e rO('Orcled. They are ?f a militnr.r ch~rnctcr, nnd gcnor·:illy i:;imil:ll' to tho~c in .Hor >Ia_ic..;ty's regnlnr serY1ce, and curry with them the deprivation of n fixod uumher of conduct mnrk~. f

The comm:mdnnt hns powor ofrustieation. and nil minor pu~ishment. Case:.? expulsion have to be rcterre i through General Officer cc.mmnudtng to Go,·ernor m

Council. . d · t c d' er The l"taff, miliror.r and civil, have ]>O\YCr of p~~cmg en cb. rn urr~... P n mt:>

adjudication by commandnnt, to whom report in writing mu t be nnmcdrntcly mnde. · The military staff hnve nowcr of confinin~ n. cn<let to b:lrrack.- ~or l ~on~, or

restricting- hi!i leave for soYcn dny..;, such punishment to be rep >rtcd 11nmcd1atcly to comm:mclant for confirmation.

Tho civil staff hnvo power of reprimand.