Oral cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Small Intestine

Large intestine

Rectum & Anal canal

ACCESSORY ORGANS Salivary glands Liver Pancreas Biliary tract Spleen

Vestibule – between gums and cheek

Oral cavity proper – within teeth

Hard and Soft palate

Uvula

Palatine tonsil

Attached to hyoid bone in its base

Anteriorly – Frenulum

Blood supply – Lingual Artery

Nerve supply Anterior 2/3 : Taste – Facial (VII) Sensory –

Lingual (V) Posterior 1/3 : Taste & Sensory –

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Motor for tongue muscles – Hypoglossal (XII)

JAW INCISORS CANINE PREMOLARS

MOLARS TOTAL

DECIDUOUS TEETH

8 4 - 8 20PERMANENT TEETH

8 4 8 12 32

Teeth are embedded in sockets of mandible

In children – Deciduous teeth – begins at 6 months

In Adults – Permanent teeth – begins at 6 years

3 Major salivary glands1. Parotid 2. Submandibular3. Sublingual

FUNCTION Digestion Lubrication Defence Taste

Divided into 3 parts

Nasopharynx ▪ Respiration

Oropharynx ▪ Swallowing &

respiration

Laryngopharynx ▪ Respiration

25 cm - behind trachea

Continuous with oropharynx

Passes through diaphragm at T10 level

Esophageal sphincter Upper – cricopharynx Lower – Physiological

(prevent reflux)

Abdomen is divided into 9 quadrants

Vertical plane Mid clavicular

Horizontal planes Transpyloric Transtubercular

J shaped

Location Epigastric Umbilical Left hypochondriac

PARTS (See diagram )

Blood supply Gastric A. Gastroepiploic A.

Little over 5 meters

Divided into Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

25 cms

Curves around head of pancreas

4 parts

Duodenal papilla Secretions from bile

duct & pancreas

JEJUNUM 2 meters

ILEUM 3 meters Ends in ileocecal

valve

Presence of Permanent circular

folds Villi Peyer’s patches

1.5 meters long

Divided into Caecum & appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon

Presence of Taenia coli Appendices

epiploicae Haustrations

RECTUM Continuous with

sigmoid colon Dilated segment

ANAL CANAL 3.8 cm Controlled by

sphincters▪ Internal – involuntary▪ External – voluntary

Divided into Head Neck Body Tail

Location Epigastric Left hypochondrium

Major and minor pancreatic duct

Major duct joins with common biliary duct and opens into duodenal papillae

Largest gland

Location Right hypochondrium Epigastrium Left hypochondrium

Lobes Right / Left Caudate / Quadrate

Portal fissure Portal vein Hepatic artery Hepatic duct

Pear shape

Posterior surface of liver

Parts Fundus Body Cystic duct

Location Left hypochondrium

Blood supply Splenic Artery

Functions Storage of blood Destruction of old

cells Contains lymphocytes Hemopoiesis