保護臭氧層OZONE LAYER PROTECTION

臭氣層 OZONE LAYER

在離地面 15 至 35 公里的平流層內，由臭氧氣體形成的一道屏障A shield of ozone gas in the stratosphere between 15 to 35 km它能吸收紫外光的輻射，因此可阻擋來自太陽有害光線的滲透 It absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thus inhibiting penetration of harmful UV rays from the sun一九七五年，科學家己測到每年春季，南極洲上空豐厚的臭氧層呈現急

劇轉薄的現象 In 1975, scientists have detected a severe drop in ozone abundance in the

layer over Antarctica each spring

臭氣層 OZONE LAYER一九八七年， 發現南極洲上空的臭氧層消失了一半，出現一個大缺口，面積相等於美國總面積的兩倍 In 1987, half of Antarctica’s ozone was found to have disappeared over a region twice the size of US, creating an enormous “hole” in the ozone layer當地球表面受到更多紫外光的輻射時： With more UV radiation reaching the earth’s surface :

–皮膚癌、白內障等發病率增加，人體免疫系統受損Increased incidence of skin cancer, eye cataracts, damage to human immun

e system

–地球生態系統受破壞Damage to the ecology of the earth

臭氧層的損耗，乃由損耗臭氧層的物質所造成Ozone depletion is caused by the ozone depleting substances

消耗臭氧層物質Ozone Depleting Substances

消耗臭氧層的物質OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODSs)

是人造化學化合物 - 鹵烴、其中包括碳和鹵素 ( 氟、氯或溴 ) 原子

A family of man-made chemical compounds- halocarbons, containing

carbon and halogen (Fluorine, Chlorine or Bromine) atoms ODSs 性質極其穩定，延續長久，存在於大氣下層，可飄浮至離地面 16 公里的平流層 Extremely stable and a long life span in the lower atmosphere allowing transport to the stratosphere situated 16 km above the ground level 在平流層內 ODSs 遭紫外光作用而分解，釋出氯原子與臭氧作用而

產 生氧分子，因而降低平流層內臭氧濃度 In the stratosphere, ODSs are broken down by the action of ultraviolet light, releasing chlorine atoms, reacting with ozone to produce molecular oxygen, thus reducing the ozone concentration of the stratospheric ozone layer.

消耗臭氧層物質包括ODSs include

–含氯氟氫 ChloroFluoroCarbons (CFC)

–鹵代碳氫化合物 ( 哈龍 ) HALogenated hydrocarbON (HALON)

–甲基氯仿 (1,1,1- 三氯乙烷 ) Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane)

–甲基溴 Methyl Bromide

–四氯化碳 ( 四氯甲烷 ) Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane)

–含溴氟氫 HydroBromoFluoroCarbons (HBFC)

–含氯氟氫 HydroChloroFluoroCarbons (HCFC)

消耗臭氧層的物質OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODSs)

消耗臭氧層物質的用途Application of Ozone Depleting Substances

消耗臭氧層物質的用途 APPLICATION OF ODS

CFC, HCFC ：–供冷氣工程和製冷工業用作冷卻劑(CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22) Used as refrigerants in the air-conditioning

and refrigeration industry

–作為噴霧劑的推進劑(CFC-11 and CFC-12) Used as propellants for aerosol sprays

–供發泡膠工業用作發泡劑 (CFC-11 and CFC-12) Used as blowing agents for foam industry

–供電子工業用作清潔劑 (CFC-113) Used as cleaning agents in electronic industry

哈龍 HALONS–手提滅火器內所用的哈龍 (Halons 1211) BCF used in portable fire

extinguisher

–固定防火裝置內所用的哈龍 (Halons 1301) BTM used in fixed fire

protection installations

消耗臭氧層物質的用途 APPLICATION OF ODS

三氯乙烷 1,1,1-trichloroethane–用作溶劑以清潔電子板和金屬裝置，作為塗改液的稀釋劑，紡織業 ( 乾洗 ) 的清潔劑Used as solvent for cleaning electronic boards and metal works, thinner for

correcting fluids, cleaning agent in the textile industry (“dry cleaning”)四氯化碳 Carbon tetrachloride

–供紡織和電子業用作清潔劑 Used as cleaning agent in textile and electronic industries

取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表Phase-out Schedule of Ozone Depleting Substances

取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODSs 含氯氟烴CFCs

一九九四年一月一日起耗用量下降 75 %75 % reduction of consumption by 1January 1994一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by 1 January 1996

哈龍Halons

一九九四年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by 1 January 1994

四氯化碳Carbon tetrachloride

一九九五年一月一日起耗用量下降 85 %85 % reduction of consumption by 1January 1995一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by January 1, 1996

取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODS

1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-trichloroethane(Methyl Chloroform)

一九九四年一月一日起耗用量下降 50 %50 % reduction of consumption by 1 January1994一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1 January 1996

含溴氟烴HBFCs

一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1 January 1996

溴代甲烷Methyl Bromide

一九九五年一月一日起只限檢疫和付郵運前消毒處理Restrict to quarantine and pre-shipmentapplications starting 1 January 1995

取締消耗臭氧層物質的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODSs

含氯氟烴HCFCs

一九九六年一月一日起耗用量不得超越基本水平Freeze consumption at base level starting 1January 1996二零零四年一月一日起耗用量下降 35 %35 % reduction of consumption by 1.1. 2004二零一零年一月一日起耗用量下降 65%65 % reduction of consumption by 1.1.2010二零一五年一月一日起耗用量下降 90%90 % reduction of consumption by 1.1.2015二零二零年一月一日起耗用量下降 99.5%99.5% reduction of consumption by 1.1. 2020二零三零年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1.1. 2030

Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances in Hong Kong

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

Year

Weighted Quantity (tonnes)

Enactment of theOzone Layer Protection Ordinance

管制法例Legislative Controls

香港對消耗臭氧層物質的管制法例 LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OF ODSs

IN HONG GONG

• 保護臭氧層條例 < 第 403 章 >

Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance(OLPO) CAP. 403

• 保護臭氧層 ( 含受管制物質產品 )(禁止進口 )規例 Ozone Layer Protection (Products Containing Scheduled Substances (Import Banning) Regulation

• 保護臭氧層 ( 受管制製冷劑 )規例 Ozone Layer Protection (Controlled Refrigerants) Regulation

保護臭氧層條例 ( 第 403 章 )Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance

(OLPO), (CAP. 403) 禁止本地生產受管制物質

To ban the local production of scheduled

substances ; 實施配額及發牌制度管制消耗臭氣層物質的

進出口 To restrict the import and export of these chemicals through licensing and quota provisions.

保護臭氧層條例Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance (OLPO)

最高罰款為港幣 1,000, 000 元及入獄兩年Maximum fine HK$ 1,000,000 and 2 years imprisonment

凡在無許可證下輸入或輸出任何受管制物質，均屬違法

It is an offence to import and export any scheduled substances and any scheduled substances without licence.

保護臭氧層 ( 受管制製冷劑 )規例Ozone Layer Protection (Controlled Refrigerants) Reg

ulation 禁止故意將大型 (50 千克 以上 ) 冷凍設備及汽車

的受管制製冷劑排放大氣中Ban the intentional venting to the atmosphere of controlled refrigerants used in large scale (more than 50 kg) refrigerant equipment and motor vehicles.

使用核准裝置以便回收或重用製冷劑及；Use of approved equipment to recover and recycle CFC refrigerant ; and

將 CFC 製冷劑消耗量保留記錄Maintain records of CFC refrigerant consumption

1989 至 2003年保護臭氧層條例檢控統計數字 Prosecution Statistics for 1989 to 2003

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

$90,000

$100,000

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

年份 Year

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

$350,000

平均罰 Average Fine

最高罰 Max. Fine

最低罰 Min. Fine

(2)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(17)

(14)

(2)

(18)(7)

(n) 檢控宗數 number of cases convicted

(10) (6)

(2)

(6)

Fine罰款 (2001)

Fine罰款(1989-2003)

(1)

(3)

執行保護臭氧層條例ENFORCEMENT OF THE OZONE

LAYER PROTECTION ORDINANCE

環境保護署 Environmental Protection Department (EPD)–負責執行配額及發牌制度 responsible for administration of the quota and licensing system

–負責修訂條例以配合蒙特利爾議定書所訂的管制時間表responsible for amendments to the Ordinance to cope with the

control programme laid down in the Montreal Protocol

工業貿易署 Trade and Industry Department–負責代表環保署對個別付運者進行登記及簽發許可證responsible for registration and licensing of individual

consignment on behalf of the EPD

執行保護臭氧層條例ENFORCEMENT OF THE OZONE

LAYER PROTECTION ORDINANCE

海關 Customs and Excise Department–在本港各入境站執行有關職務 (即每當發現任何受管制物未領有許可證時，與環保署進行調查 )

carries out its duties at all control points of Hong Kong (i.e. investigation with EPD on discovering of any unlicensed

controlled substances.)

End