µ ª· ¥µ ° ¨¼ °p° µ · Ä ¤®µª· ¥µ¨´¥ ° Â n ... - ThaiScience · 2014-01-29 · Keywords: oral apparatus, buccal cavity, tadpole, morphology, keratodont row

41

19 1 . . 2555 Journal of Wildlife in Thailand Vol.19 No.1 2012

MORPHOLOGY OF SOME TADPOLES IN KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY, KHON

KAEN PROVINCE

1/,2/ 1/,* 3/ 4/,1/

Supatcharee Aran1/,2/, Chantip Chuaynkern1/, Sutee Duengjai3/ & Yodchaiy Chuaynkern4/,1/

ABSTRACT

The study comprised morphological characters of five tadpole species in KhonKaen University

namelyMicrohylaheymonsi,Glyphoglossusmolossus,Duttaphrynusmelanostictus,Polypedatesleucomystaxa

nd Hoplobatrachusrugulosus. Nineteen external morphological characters and the oral apparatus were

measured, described, and compared. Based on mouth part characters the species could be divided into 2

groups:The first group consisted of tadpoles lacking keratinized mouth parts such asMicrohylaheymonsi

and Glyphoglossusmolossus. Their distinctive characters are pustules and short papillae. The second group,

contained tadpoles with keratinized mouth parts such

asDuttaphrynusmelanostictus,Polypedatesleucomystaxand Hoplobatrachusrugulosus. The distinctive

characteristics of this group were pustules and short papillae in the buccal cavity. The second group was

composted of the tadpole with keratinized mouth part such as Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Polypedates

leucomystax and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. They had keratodont and row formulae (KRF) were 2(2)/3,

4(3)/3 and 5(3-5)/5(1-3) respectively. The distinctive characteristics of this group were long and branch

papillae in the buccal cavity. There were several important characteristics used to classify species of

tadpole. They composed of size, shape, colour, striped of body, position of spiracle, position of mouth,

keratodont row formula and papillae in buccal cavity. The study on morphological characteristics in this

research was used as taxonomic and basic data of tadpole in Khon Kaen University.

Keywords: oral apparatus, buccal cavity, tadpole, morphology, keratodont row formula 1/ . . 40002 2/ . . 40002 3/ 10900 4/

. . . 12120

* Coresponding author: [email protected]

42


5

(Microhyla heymonsi) (Glyphoglossus molossus) (Duttaphrynus

melanostictus) (Polypedates leucomystax) (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)

19

2

2(2)/3 4(3)/3

5(3-5)/5(1-3)

46 1-19 20

(Order Anura)

( ,

2546)

Smith (1916) 5

Bufo parvus, Calluealla pulchra, Microhyla achatina, M. pulchra, Rana nigrovittata

43


Smith (1917)

Bufo melanostictus, M. hasseltii, Megalophrys montana, M. pelodytoides, Rana kuhlii, R. rugulosa,

R. cancrivora, R. limnocharis, R. macrodactyla, R. lateralis, R. erythraea, Rhacophorus leucomystax,

Microhyla ornata, M. butleri, Glyphoglossus molossus, Calluealla guttulata . . 1962 Taylor

(1962)

71 . . 1957-1958 . . 1959-1960

Wassersug (1988)

(Theloderma stellatum)

(Philautus sp.) Stuart et

al., 2006; Inthara et al., 2005, 2009; Ohler et al., 2011)

5,500 70

. . 2554

36-38 ( 10 )

(

)

(Field number, SA)

5 36-38

10% 70%

1:1 (staging) Gosner (1960)

44


16 ( 1A, B)

(

)

Altig and McDiarmid (1999) Grosjean (2001, 2006)

(2543) (2548)

(Keratodont row formula; KRF) ( 1)

45


1 (A), (B) (C)

. . 2554

4 5 Bufonidae (Duttaphrynus

melanostictus) Microhylidae (Microhyla heymonsi)

(Glyphoglossus molossus) Dicroglossidae (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)

Rhacophoridae (Polypedates leucomystax) 1

5

46


(Duttaphrynus melanostictus)

( 2-6)

. – SA 016-030, 15

.( 37) – (7.50-8.93

)

(rimmed)

(10.65-12.12 )

(obtuse) ( 2 3)

. – 3 1)

(papillae) 2) (beak horny jaw sheath) 3) (denticle)

(anteroventral mouth)

1-2

2 (gap)

3

2(2)/3 ( 4)

(Buccal floor) (prelingual area)

(prelingual papillae) 1-2

(tongue anlage) 3-4

(buccal floor area) (buccal floor arena papillae)

10-15 5-10 (buccal

pocket) (ventral velum)

( 5)

(Buccal roof) (prenarial arena)

(prenarial ridge)

(choanae) (median

ridge) 2 (buccal roof

area)

47


(buccal roof area papillae) 9-10

(posterolateral ridge)

(glandular zone) ( 6)

. –

300-

400

2 SA 039

48


3 SA 039 37 (

) 5

4 SA 039 37 1

49


5 37 SA 039 (A) lower beak (B)

prelingual ridge (C) tongue anlage (D) buccal pocket (E) buccal floor arena (BFA) (F) BFA papilla

(G) ventral velum

6 37 SA 039 (A) upper beak

(B) prenarial ridge (C) choana (D) lateral papilla (E) median ridge (F) buccal roof arena (BRA) (G)

posterolateral ridge

50


(Microhyla heymonsi)

( 7-10)

. – SA 001-018, 18

. – 37 5.97-6.69

(bulging)

12.66-13.45

(acuminate) ( 7) . –

3 1) (papillae) 2) (beak horny jaw sheath)

3) (denticle)

(papillae)

(jaw sheaths)

(keratodont tooth row) ( 8) (Buccal floor) (prelingual area)

(buccal floor area)

(prelingual papillae) 1-2 (tongue anlage)

(buccal floor area)

(ventral velum)

( 9) (Buccal roof) (prenarial arena)

(prenarial ridge)

3-4 (choanae)

(median ridge) (buccal roof area)


(glandular zone) 2 ( 10)

51


. – SC3

7 SA 008 37 (

) 1

52


8 SA 008 37 1

9 37 SA 008 (A) lower lip (B) lateral

ridge papilla (C) prelingual papilla (D) tongue anlage (E) buccal floor arena (BFA) (F) BFA papilla (G)

ventral velum (H) median notch

53


10 37 SA 008 (A) upper lip (B) lateral

ridge papilla (C) choana (D) buccal roof arena (BRA) (E) BFA papilla (F) posterolateral ridge

(G) glandular zone

(Glyphoglossus molossus)

( 11-15)

. – SA 016-030, 15

. – 37 9.44-10.00

(stut shape)

3

21.47-24.01

(acute) ( 11 12) . – (terminal

mount)

( 13)

54



(tongue anlage)

(buccal floor area)

(buccal floor area papillae) 2

(buccal pocket) (ventral velum)

( 14)

(Buccal roof) (prenarial arena) (prenarial

ridge) 2-3

(choanae) (median ridge)

(buccal roof area)

(buccal roof area papillae)


2-4 (glandular zone) 2 ( 15)

. –

100-200

45

11 SA 023

55


12 SA 023 37 (

) 5

56


13 SA 023 37 1


tongue anlage (C) buccal pocket (D) buccal floor arena (BFA) (E) BFA papilla (F) ventral velum

57


15 37 SA 023 (A) upper beak (B)

prenarial ridge (C) choana (D) buccal roof arena (BRA) (E) posterolateral ridge (F) BFA papilla (G)

glandular zone

(Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)

( 16-20)

. – SA 061-075, 15

. – 37 15.99-17.18

(dorsolateral)

(posterodorsal)

26.64-27.65

(acute) ( 16 17)

. – 3 1)


58


5 2

3 3 5 (Gap)

2

3 1 3

(M shape)

(serration)

5(3-5)/5(1-3) ( 18)


(prelingual papillae)

1-2 (tongue anlage) 2

(buccal floor area)

(buccal floor area papillae) 5-10 (buccal

pocket) (ventral velum)

( 19)


(prenarial ridge) (choanae)

1-2 (prenarial papillae) (lateral ridge papillae)

2-3 (median ridge)

(buccal roof area)


(posterolateral

ridge) (glandular zone) ( 20)

. –

59


16 SA 070

17 SA 070 37 (

) 5

60


18 SA 070 37 37 1

19 37 SA 070 (A) lower beak (B) prelingual

papilla (C) tongue anlage (D) baccal floor papilla (E) baccal pocket (F) buccal floor arena (BFA) (G)

ventral velum

61


20 37 SA 070 (A) upper beak (B) prenarial

ridge (C) prenarial papilla (D) lateral ridge papilla (E) median ridge (F) choana (G) buccal roof arena

(BRA) (H) posterolateral ridge

(Polypedates leucomystax)

( 21-25)

. – SA 046-060, 15

. – 37 14.32-15.48

(dorsolateral)

27.47-34.47

(acuminate) ( 21

22) . – 3 1)


62


2-3

4 3 (gap)

3

(serration) 4(3)/3 (

23)


(prelingual papillae) 3-4 (tongue anlage)

2-4 (buccal floor area)

(buccal floor area papillae)

(buccal pocket)

(prepocket papillae) (ventral velum) (median notch)

( 24)


(prenarial ridge)

1-2 (choanae) (lateral ridge papillae)

2-3 (median ridge)

(buccal roof area)


(posterolateral ridge) (glandular zone)

(dorsal velum) ( 25)

. – SC3

63


21 SA 051

22 SA 051 37 (

) 5

64


23 SA 051 37 1


prelingual papilla (C) tongue anlage (D) BFA papilla (E) prepocket papilla (F) baccal pocket (G) buccal

floor arena (BFA) (H) ventral velum (I) median notch

65


25 37 SA 051 (A) upper beak (B)

prenarial arena (C) prenarial ridge (D) lateral ridge papilla (E) median ridge (F) choana (G) buccal roof

arena (BRA) (H) posterolateral ridge

5

3 1)

(Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)

(Polypedates leucomystax) (SVL) 15.99-17.18 14.32-15.48 2)

(Glyphoglossus molossus) 9.44-

10.00 3) (Duttaphrynus melanostictus)

(Microhyla heymonsi) 7.50-8.93 5.97-6.69

4 (Bufonidae)

(Microhylidae) (Dicroglossidae) (Rhacophoridae)

2

1) (midventral spiracle)

(bulging)

66


(acuminate)

(stut shape)

(acute)

2) (lateral spiracle)

(obtuse)

(mouth part) 5

2

1) (lack keratinized mouth part)

2-3

2) (keratinized mouth part)

3 (papillae) (beak horny

jaw sheath) (denticle) 37

(keratodont row formula) 2(2)/3 4(3)/3 5(3-5)/5(1-3) 3

3

1) (dorsal mouth)

2) (anteroventral mouth)

67


(papillae) (beak horny jaw sheath)

(denticle)

(predator)

3) (terminal mouth)

4

(2548)

(Microhylidae) (midventral

spiracle) (lateral

spiracle)

4 5

(Keratodont row formula)

Leong & Chou

(1999), Shimizu & Ota (2003), Inthara et al. (2005) Meewattana (2005)

2 (lack keratinized mouth part)

(2543)

68


(keratinized mouth part)

37 2(2)/3 4(3)/3 5(3-5)/5(1-3)

4(3)/4(2) 4(2-4)/3(1)

(Porter, 1972; Inger, 1954)

37-40

40

(Gosner, 1960)

Wassersug (1976 a,b)

69

1

9 1

.

. 255

5

Jour

nal o

f Wild

life i

n Th

ailan

d Vo

l.19

No.

1 20

12

1

Mea

n(m

m.)±

SD

5

3

6-38

Spec

ies

Stag

e n

Mea

n(m

m.)±

SD

SS

SU

SVL

TAL

TL

UF

LF

HT

BH

BW

1. M

. hem

aons

i

36

5 3.

17±0

.51

5.55

±0.9

3 5.

91±0

.39

11.1

9±1.

38

16.6

0±1.

48

0.92

±0.1

8 1.

17±0

.19

2.87

±0.4

8 3.

30±0

.34

3.29

±0.3

5

37

5 5.

03±1

.07

5.94

±1.1

0 6.

40±0

.30

13.0

4±0.

39

19.1

2±0.

62

0.90

±0.0

7 1.

31±0

.01

2.88

±0.1

4 19

.00±

0.30

3.

69±0

.22

38

5 3.

61±0

.27

5.82

±1.2

9 6.

64±0

.43

10.7

9±0.

86

16.7

5±1.

37

0.87

±0.1

0 1.

12±0

.20

2.81

±0.5

7 3.

23±0

.28

3.50

±0.5

4

2. G

. mol

ossu

s

36

5 5.

51±0

.33

7.74

±0.5

0 9.

55±0

.32

22.7

8±0.

43

31.5

1±1.

33

0.94

±0.2

1 1.

90±0

.13

5.31

±0.5

9 4.

22±0

.35

4.73

±0.3

1

37

5 6.

35±0

.28

9.27

±0.5

3 9.

74±0

.25

22.7

8±0.

99

31.4

9±1.

06

1.13

±0.1

9 1.

91±0

.10

5.30

±0.3

3 4.

50±0

.21

4.79

±0.4

8

38

5 6.

70±0

.52

9.69

±0.4

0 11

.21±

0.68

24

.31±

1.39

33

.90±

1.19

1.

14±0

.18

2.12

±0.1

7 5.

10±0

.54

4.70

±0.4

3 4.

92±0

.28

3. D

.mela

nosti

ctus

36

5 4.

90±0

.19

7.89

±0.3

4 8.

06±0

.27

10.7

1±1.

38

17.8

1±0.

79

1.42

±0.0

7 1.

42±0

.07

3.72

±0.3

5 4.

11±0

.18

4.24

±0.3

1

37

5 5.

15±0

.32

7.74

±0.4

1 7.

88±0

.39

10.9

3±0.

68

18.2

0±0.

74

1.27

±0.2

3 1.

27±0

.23

3.45

±0.1

7 3.

64±0

.32

3.95

±0.1

4

38

5 8.

86±0

.28

13.2

3±0.

45

13.4

6±0.

35

18.1

9±0.

94

31.5

2±0.

55

2.38

±0.1

2 2.

38±0

.12

5.94

±0.3

2 6.

55±0

.14

7.30

±0.4

9

4. P

. leu

comy

stax

36

5 7.

22 ±

0.30

12

.43±

0.66

14

.26±

0.32

27

.83±

1.17

41

.63±

1.40

2.

55±0

.10

2.50

±0.2

7 8.

30±0

.65

6.11

±0.2

2 6.

46±0

.24

37

5 8.

07±0

.38

13.0

6±0.

83

14.9

3±0.

42

30.0

4±2.

74

43.6

5±2.

92

2.22

±0.5

1 2.

02±0

.47

8.14

±0.8

6 6.

12±0

.45

6.58

±0.8

2

38

5 8.

08±0

.39

13.3

6±0.

76

15.7

1±0.

58

29.2

6±1.

60

44.6

8±2.

65

2.71

±0.2

7 2.

60±0

.35

8.62

±0.7

5 6.

34±0

.19

7.08

±0.3

1

5. H

. rug

ulos

us

36

5 9.

01±0

.34

13.9

4±0.

68

14.7

8±0.

71

22.2

8±1.

88

35.9

2±2.

55

2.28

±0.1

8 1.

85±0

.45

7.36

±0.4

8 5.

85±1

.05

7.14

±0.4

0

37

5 10

.74±

0.46

15

.35±

0.72

16

.60±

0.51

27

.14±

0.45

42

.62±

0.64

3.

13±0

.18

2.56

±0.2

2 8.

10±0

.79

6.25

±0.3

4 7.

77±0

.43

38

5 9.

71±1

.77

15.1

6±1.

71

16.5

6±1.

06

26.9

3±0.

97

43.1

3±1.

04

2.99

±0.2

4 2.

28±0

.33

8.07

±0.7

4 6.

59±0

.40

6.95

±2.3

5

70

1

9 1

.

. 255

5

Jour

nal o

f Wild

life i

n Th

ailan

d Vo

l.19

No.

1 20

12

1 (

)

Spec

ies

Stag

e n

Mea

n(m

m.)±

SD

BL

TMH

TM

W

PP

NN

RN

NP

ED

ODW

1. M

. hem

aons

i

36

5 5.

55±0

.54

7.56

±0.2

0 1.

59±0

.25

2.90

±0.2

2 0.

65±0

.05

0.60

±0.0

3 1.

30±0

.08

1.00

±0.0

3 1.

46±0

.28

37

5 6.

30±0

.19

1.47

±0.2

1 1.

48±0

.14

3.42

±0.3

4 0.

60±0

.19

0.65

±0.0

1 1.

35±0

.06

1.02

±0.0

3 2.

00±0

.26

38

5 5.

99±0

.48

1.53

±0.3

3 1.

39±0

.23

3.06

±0.2

1 0.

65±0

.01

0.63

±0.0

3 1.

43±0

.12

0.99

±0.0

3 1.

54±0

.19

2. G

. mol

ossu

s

36

5 8.

85±0

.30

2.68

±0.1

8 2.

16±0

.14

4.89

±0.2

5 0.

89±0

.10

1.36

±0.2

5 2.

61±0

.12

1.13

±0.1

4 2.

41±0

.37

37

5 9.

24±0

.31

2.85

±0.2

0 2.

12±0

.16

5.07

±0.3

7 1.

20±0

.43

1.81

±0.2

3 3.

28±0

.42

1.22

±0.1

4 2.

63±0

.12

38

5 9.

95±0

.50

2.72

±0.5

0 2.

12±0

.40

5.34

±0.2

8 1.

33±0

.25

1.61

±0.2

8 3.

15±0

.36

1.32

±0.1

8 2.

99±0

.27

3. D

.mela

nosti

ctus

36

5 6.

99±1

.47

1.46

±0.1

2 0.

87±0

.16

2.36

±0.1

0 1.

15±0

.26

1.71

±0.4

0 1.

19±0

.21

1.12

±0.0

1 2.

31±0

.09

37

5 7.

46±0

.47

1.25

±0.1

4 0.

87±0

.04

2.28

±0.1

5 1.

06±0

.12

1.78

±0.1

8 1.

49±0

.40

1.13

±0.0

1 2.

27±0

.20

38

5 12

.87±

0.47

2.

46±0

.08

1.52

±0.0

8 4.

01±0

.07

1.95

±0.3

4 2.

96±0

.47

2.06

±0.0

8 1.

88±0

.01

4.01

±0.1

5

4. P

. leu

comy

stax

36

5 13

.76±

0.39

4.

56±0

.58

3.13

±0.4

9 6.

86±0

.44

2.72

±0.2

2 2.

45±0

.15

3.78

±0.2

4 2.

06±0

.07

3.28

±0.2

6

37

5 13

.88±

0.54

4.

38±0

.21

3.14

±0.4

0 7.

05±0

.27

2.76

±0.2

9 2.

35±0

.17

3.51

±0.1

5 2.

15±0

.12

3.80

±0.0

8

38

5 14

.16±

0.37

4.

79±0

.60

3.69

±0.1

9 7.

53±0

.27

2.94

±0.4

7 2.

54±0

.26

4.04

±0.3

4 2.

26±0

.26

3.44

±0.5

0

5. H

. rug

ulos

us

36

5 13

.33±

0.59

3.

45±0

.33

3.04

±0.5

0 4.

44±0

.09

1.76

±0.4

3 2.

81±0

.14

2.43

±0.2

9 2.

23±0

.15

3.00

±0.6

0

37

5 15

.55±

0.54

3.

88±0

.25

3.19

±0.4

7 4.

77±0

.18

2.10

±0.3

0 3.

47±0

.26

2.49

±0.1

9 2.

38±0

.12

4.60

±0.5

3

38

5 16

.21±

0.68

4.

19±0

.21

3.69

±0.3

6 4.

91±0

.22

2.02

±0.2

4 3.

21±0

.16

2.36

±0.1

4 2.

38±0

.08

4.50

±0.2

6

71


“ ”

. 2553

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µ ª· ¥µ ° ¨¼ °p° µ · Ä ¤®µª· ¥µ¨´¥ ° Â n ... - ThaiScience · 2014-01-29 · Keywords: oral apparatus, buccal cavity, tadpole, morphology, keratodont row