3.2 CELL PARTS

CELL BOUNDARIES Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Function: Surrounds cell Allows only specific things things in and

out (homeostasis)

Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and

nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids

Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

CELL BOUNDARIES Cell Wall

Function: Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra

support and protection

Fact: Made of cellulose in plants

Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (plants)

1. Cell membrane

2. Cell wall

ORGANELLES Specialized structures only found in

eukaryotic cells Each organelle has a specific function

that is necessary to the life of the cell

CELL CONTROL Nucleus

Function: Controls the organelles Contains DNA – gives instructions for

making proteinsFact:

“Command center” or “brain” of the cell Most prominent structure

Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleus

Nucleus

CELL CONTROL Chromatin

Function: Stringy DNA that contains all the genes of

an individual

Fact: Condenses to make Chromosomes in

nucleus

Found in: Eukaryotes

CHROMOSOME

CELL CONTROL Nucleolus

Function: Makes ribosomes

Fact: Found inside the nucleus

Found in: Eukaryotes

Nucleolus

Nucleolus

CELL CONTROL Ribosomes

Function: Uses information in DNA

to make proteins

Fact: Made of RNA Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Ribosomes

CELL CONTROL Nuclear Envelope/Membrane

Function: Controls what enters/exits the nucleus

Fact: Surrounds the nucleus

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL CONTROL Centrioles

Function: Involved in cell reproduction –

makes sure each new cell has all DNA

Fact: Made from microtubules 2 are paired at right angles

Found in: Eukaryotes (animal cells)

MICROCEPHALY

CELL ASSEMBLY Cytoplasm

Function: Suspends/holds organelles Site of chemical reactions

Fact: Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Function: Produces proteins

Fact: Covered with ribosomes Sends proteins to Golgi to be modified Helps moves molecules throughout cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Function: Produces lipids (steroids) Detoxifies poisons

Fact: Sends lipids to Golgi to be modified Helps move molecules

throughout the cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

CELL ASSEMBLY Golgi Apparatus

Function: Processes, packs, and releases proteins and

lipids Sends products to appropriate destination

inside/outside cell using vesicles

Fact: Works closely with ER Flattened stack of

membranes

Found in: Eukaryotes

Golgi

HOW DO THE ORGANELLES WORK TOGETHER? Proteins made by the Rough ER get

sent to the Golgi Apparatus by vesicles (bubbles)

Golgi modifies the proteins & sends the updated proteins to the cell membrane by vesicles

The vesicles turn inside-out and release proteins outside cell

CELL ASSEMBLY Vacuole

Function: Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs

Fact: Helps maintain homeostasis

Found in: Eukaryotes (plants have a

LARGE vacuole)

Vacuole

CELL ASSEMBLY Lysosomes

Function: Uses enzymes to digest old organelles

and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)

Fact: “Suicide sacs”

Found in: Eukaryotes

Lysosome

TAY – SACHS DISEASE

ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Chloroplast

Function: Capture light and convert

it to chemical energy (sugar) during photosynthesis

Fact: Glucose (sugar) is made

Found in: Eukaryotes (plants)

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Mitochondria

Function: Breaks down food into ATP

energy during cellular respiration

Fact: “Powerhouse” of the cell

Found in: Eukaryotes

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cytoskeleton

Function: Maintains the shape & supports the cell

Fact: Made of microfilaments &

microtubules Found throughout the

cytoplasm

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Microtubules

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cilia

Function: Movement of cells or fluids

Fact: Made from microtubules Short hair-like fibers

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Flagella

Function: Movement of cells

Fact: Long hair-like fibers

Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Flagella

Cilia

Cell Song

ANIMAL VS. PLANT Animal Cell Plant Cell

ANIMAL & PLANT COMPARISON

Have centrioles No chloroplasts No cell walls

Cell Video

Do not have centrioles

Have chloroplasts Have cell walls

Animal Cells Plant Cells