交通大學資訊工程學系 Programming in Java More about GUI 蔡文能交通大學資訊工程學系 [email protected] tsaiwn/java//java

交通大學資訊工程學系

Programming in Java

More about GUI

蔡文能交通大學資訊工程學系[email protected]

http://www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/~tsaiwn/java/

交通大學資訊工程學系蔡文能 5-第 2頁

Java More-GUI

AgendaGUI (Graphical User Interface)AWT Component (package java.awt )Graphics and EventsEvent ModelListener interfaces and AdaptorsEvents and Listeners for standard AWT eventsLayout Manager?Swing Library


Java More-GUI

Java UI functionalityPresenting a Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Playing sounds Applications can play sounds as well as Applets since JDK1.2.

Getting configuration information Users can specify configuration information to a program using command-

line arguments (applications only) and parameters (applets only).

Saving user preferences using properties For information that applications need to save even when they're not running,

you can use properties. (not for Applets due to security problem.)

Getting/displaying text using the standard input/output/error streams Standard input, output, and error are the old-fashioned way of presenting a

user interface. They're still useful for testing and debugging programs.


Java More-GUIhttp://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.1/docs/api/


Java More-GUI

The AWT Components


Java More-GUI

Example using AWT Component

以下為 Java 的 AWT 提供的 Graphical UI (GUI) components (圖型元件 ).


Java More-GUI

JFC/Swing

The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) API extends the original Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) by adding a comprehensive set of graphical user interface class libraries.

JFC/Swing components include:Pluggable Look and Feel Accessibility API Java 2DTM API (Java 2 only) Drag and Drop (Java 2 only) AWT Internationalization


Java More-GUI

Swing Library


Java More-GUI

Class javax.swing.JComponent

java.lang.Object | +--java.awt.Component | +--java.awt.Container | +--javax.swing.JComponent


Java More-GUIJDK 1.123 packages504 classes

JNDI

Java Sound

Timer

java.applet, java.awt, java.io, java.lang, java.net, java.util

java.math, java.rmi, java.security, java.sql, java.text, java.beans

javax.accessibility, javax.swing, org.omg

javax.naming, javax.sound, javax.transaction

java.nio, javax.imageio,javax.net, javax.print,javax.security, org.w3c

javax.activity,javax.management

JDK 1.08 packages212 classes





New Events

Inner class

Object Serialization

Jar Files

International

Reflection

JDBC

RMI

JFC/Swing

Drag and Drop

Java2D

CORBA

Regular ExpLoggingAssertionsNIO


Java More-GUI

What is MFC? (Microsoft Foundation Classes)

C++ API for Microsoft Windows programming.

Object-oriented framework over Win32.

Provides a set of classes allowing an easy application creation process.

It encapsulates most part of the Windows API.


Java More-GUI

Java Foundation Classes (Swing) are a set of Java class libraries provided as part of the Java Platform to support building graphics user interface (GUI) and graphics functionality for client applications that will run on popular platforms such as Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX.JFC is needed when multiplatform compatibility is wanted.Under Windows, MFC works better than JFC

MFC vs. JFC/Swing


Java More-GUI

Other Ways of Getting User Input

Sliders, Scrollbars, and Text Areas The Scrollbar class is used for both slider and scrollbar

functionality. The TextArea class simply provides an area to display or allow

editing of several lines of text. Text areas automatically include scrollbars.


Java More-GUI

The Basic Controls and events

基本控制元件 : Buttons, Checkboxes, Choices, Lists, Menus, and Text Fields When a user activates one of these controls, it posts an event. An object that contains the control can react to the event by

implementing the action() method. (AWT1.0 舊的 event處理方式 )

Clicking a button.

Pressing Return in a text field.

新的處理方式 : (AWT1.1 event model) 該元件要先 addActionListener( 有處理能力的物件 ) 或向其

他 Listener 註冊 ( 參看後面 slides)


Java More-GUI

Event driven (事件驅動 )

Event (事件 ) 使用者執行視窗程式時對視窗元件的動作，例如按一下按鈕或鍵盤。

Event Handler (事件處理程式 ) 程式執行中若發生事件，可以由指定的事件處理程式進行處理。

Delegation Event Model (委託式的事件處理模型 ) Java AWT1.1的事件處理模型 , 包括 :

事件來源 (Event Source) – 發出事件物件的來源 , 如視窗元件的按鈕。監聽者物件 (Listener) – 被委託處理指定事件的物件。

事件來源事件來源監監聽者物件聽者物件動作動作事件事件


Java More-GUI

MVC design pattern OverviewModel-View-Controller architecture decouples 3 aspects of a user-interface Model: the data being displayed View: how the data is displayed Controller: how the user interacts with the displayed data

JFC/Swing variant of MVC:

separable model architecture. Provides benefits of complete MV separation.

Easier to use because it bundles view and controller together.


Java More-GUI

More AWT Components

Creating Custom Components: Canvases The Canvas class lets you write custom Components. With your Canvas subclass, you can draw custom graphics to the screen.

Labels A Label simply displays an unselectable line of text.

Containers: Windows, Panels, and Scroll Panes The AWT provides three types of containers, all are subclasses of

the Container class (which is a Component subclass).The Window subclasses -- Dialog, FileDialog, and Frame -- provide windows to contain components.A Panel groups components within an area of an existing window.A ScrollPane display a potentially large component in a limited amount of space, using scrollbars to control which part of the component is displayed.


Java More-GUI

Windows (1/2)

Includes Dialog, FileDialog, and Frame.

Frames (框窗 ) create normal, full-fledged windows.

Dialogs(對話窗 ) create windows which depends on Frames and can be modal.

Example: The FileDialog(檔案對話盒 ) window for files:


Java More-GUI

Windows (2/2)

javax.swing.JFrame

Dialog is a Window Frame is a Window


Java More-GUI

Applet is a Panel


Java More-GUI

ScrollPane is NOT a Panel


Java More-GUI

The JDK 1.1 AWT introduced the ScrollPane class, which makes it easy for you to provide a scrolling area.

The following picture shows an applet in which both the vertical and horizontal scrollbars are needed.

ScrollPane Example


Java More-GUI

Creates a scroll pane and puts a child component in it:

You can also specify the scrollbar display policy in the ScrollPane:

ScrollPane sp1 = new ScrollPane();sp1.add(anotherComponent);

ScrollPane sp2 = new ScrollPane(ScrollPane.SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS);

SCROLLBARS_AS_NEEDED The default value. Show each scrollbar only when it's needed.

SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS Always show scrollbars.

SCROLLBARS_NEVER Never show scrollbars. You might use this option if you don't

want the user to directly control what part of the child component is shown.

How to Use ScrollPane

Other Constant

s


Java More-GUI

When implement a component to be put in a ScrollPane:

Need to implement the child component's getPreferredSize method so that it returns the dimensions needed to fully display the component.

Implement the child component so that it works well when its drawing area is larger than its preferred size.

The component might draw itself in the center of its drawing area, filling the extra space with a solid color.

When the component is being scrolled, you might notice flashing, or flickering, in the display area.

Components to be put into a ScrollPane


Java More-GUI

Scrolling-related code from the previous applet:

//The component that will be scrolled.class ScrollableCanvas extends Canvas { ... Dimension preferredSize = new Dimension(600, 320); Dimension minimumSize = new Dimension(10, 10); public Dimension getMinimumSize() {

return minimumSize; } public Dimension getPreferredSize() {

return preferredSize; } public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, getBackground(), this); }}


Java More-GUI

Other AWT Classes

The java.awt package supplies several classes to represent sizes and shapes. Dimension : specifies the size of a rectangular area. Insets : specify how much padding should exist between the

outside edges of a container and the container's display area. Shape : include Point, Rectangle, and Polygon.

The Color class is useful for representing and manipulating colors. The Image class provides a way to represent image data. Applets can get Image objects for GIF and JPEG images using the

Applet getImage() methods.

…


Java More-GUI

Graphics and Events

The Graphics and Event classes are crucial to the AWT drawing and event handling system. A Graphics object (圖形元件 )represents a drawing context --

without a Graphics object, no program can draw to the screen. An Event (事件 )object represents a user action, such as a

mouse click.


Java More-GUI

Example: 英制公制轉換 (1/3)

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/components/example-1dot4/Converter.java

File lists:

/* * A 1.4 application that requires the following files:

* ConversionPanel.java

* ConverterRangeModel.java

* FollowerRangeModel.java

* Unit.java

*/


Java More-GUI

Example: 英制公制轉換 (2/3) 兩個主要 class:

Converter ConversionPanel


Java More-GUI

The Component Hierarchy

Example: 英制公制轉換 (3/3)


Java More-GUI

Drawing

How Drawing Requests Occur Use the repaint( ) method to request to be scheduled for drawing. Invoke the Component's update( ) method. Call the Component's paint( ) method. (default)

The Graphics Object The only argument to paint() and update() is a Graphics object. The Graphics class provides methods for the following:

Drawing and filling rectangles, arcs, lines, ovals, polygons, text, and images. Getting or setting the current color, font, or clipping area.

How to Draw The simplest way for a Component to draw itself is to put drawing code in

its paint() method.public void paint(Graphics g) { Dimension d = size(); g.drawRect(0,0, d.width - 1, d.height - 1);}


Java More-GUI

AWT 1.0 Event Model舊的方法


Java More-GUI

Default Methods for Each Component

action() (Event.ACTION_EVENT) mouseEnter() (Event.MOUSE_ENTER) mouseExit() (Event.MOUSE_EXIT) mouseMove() (Event.MOUSE_MOVE) mouseDown() (Event.MOUSE_DOWN) mouseDrag() (Event.MOUSE_DRAG) mouseUp() (Event.MOUSE_UP) keyDown() (Event.KEY_PRESS or Event.KEY_ACTION) keyUp() (Event.KEY_RELEASE or Event.KEY_ACTION_RELEASE) gotFocus() (Event.GOT_FOCUS) lostFocus() (Event.LOST_FOCUS) handleEvent() (all event types)

舊的方法


Java More-GUI

Examplepublic boolean action(Event e, Object arg) { if (e.target instanceof TextField) { setSliderValue(getValue()); controller.convert(this); return true; } if (e.target instanceof Choice) { . . . } return false;}

public boolean handleEvent(Event e) { if (e.target instanceof Scrollbar) { textField.setText(String.valueOf(slider.getValue())); controller.convert(this); } return super.handleEvent(e);}

舊的方法


Java More-GUI


Java More-GUI

Another example (1/ 7)//eventHandler.javaimport java.awt.*;class eventCanvas extends Canvas{ boolean hasFocus; eventCanvas( int width, int height ) { setBackground( Color.yellow ); resize( width, height ); hasFocus = false; } public boolean mouseUp( Event e, int x, int y ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "mouseUp" ); return true; }

需要寫一個簡單的HTML 把這Applet 叫起來


Java More-GUI

Another example (2/7 ) public boolean mouseDown( Event e, int x, int y ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "mouseDown" ); return true; } public boolean mouseDrag( Event e, int x, int y ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "mouseDrag" ); return true; } public boolean mouseEnter( Event e, int x, int y ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "mouseEnter" ); return true; } public boolean mouseExit( Event e, int x, int y ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "mouseExit" ); return true; }


Java More-GUI

Another example (3/7 )public boolean keyDown( Event e, int key ) { String eventString = "keyDown: "; String keyName, modifierName; modifierName = getModifierName( e ); if ( modifierName != null ) eventString += modifierName; keyName = getKeyName( key ); if ( keyName != null ) eventString += keyName; else if (( key >= 32 ) && ( key <= 127 )) eventString += new Character( (char)key ).toString(); else eventString += key; eventHandler.reportEvent( eventString ); return true; }


Java More-GUI

Another example (4/7 )public String getModifierName( Event e )

{ if ( e.controlDown() ) return( "Control-" );

if ( e.metaDown() ) return( "Meta-" );

if ( e.shiftDown() ) return( "Shift-" );

return null;

}

public String getKeyName( int key )

{ switch ( key ) {

case Event.F1: return "F1";









case Event.F10: return "F10"; case Event.F11: return "F11"; case Event.F12: return "F12"; case Event.HOME: return "HOME"; case Event.END: return "END"; case Event.LEFT: return "Left Arrow"; case Event.RIGHT: return "Right

Arrow"; case Event.UP: return "Up Arrow"; case Event.DOWN: return

"DownArrow"; case Event.PGUP: return "Page Up"; case Event.PGDN: return "Page Down"; } //switch return null; }


Java More-GUI

Another example (5/7 )public boolean keyUp( Event e, int key ) { eventHandler.reportEvent( "keyUp" ); return true; } public boolean gotFocus(Event e, Object what) { hasFocus = true; eventHandler.reportEvent( "gotFocus" ); repaint(); return true; } public boolean lostFocus(Event e, Object what) { hasFocus = false; eventHandler.reportEvent( "lostFocus" ); repaint(); return true; }


Java More-GUI

Another example (6/7 )public void paint( Graphics g )

{ Rectangle r;

r = bounds();

g = getGraphics();

if ( hasFocus ) g.setColor( Color.red );

else g.setColor( Color.yellow );

g.drawRect( 0, 0, r.width-1, r.height-1 );

g.drawRect( 1, 1, r.width-3, r.height-3 );

}

} //class eventCanvas


Java More-GUI

Another example (7/7)public class eventHandler extends java.applet.Applet{ eventCanvas eCanvas; static TextArea tArea; public void init() { add( new Label( "Click and type in this Canvas:" ) ); eCanvas = new eventCanvas( 200, 100 ); add( eCanvas ); add( new Label( "Here’s a list of canvas events:" ) ); tArea = new TextArea( 15, 30 ); add( tArea ); setVisible(true); } public static void reportEvent( String eventString ) { tArea.appendText( eventString + "\r" ); }}

需要寫一個簡單的HTML 把這Applet 叫起來

<HTML><body>

<applet

code=eventHandler.class

Width=555

Height=333>

</applet>


Java More-GUI

AWT 1.1. Event ModelIn the 1.1 AWT event model, events are generated by event sources. One or more listeners can register to be notified about events of a

particular kind from a particular source.In every program that has an event handler, you'll see three bits of code: Code that registers an instance of a listener.

someComponent.addActionListener(instanceOfMyClass);

Declare the event handler implementing a listener interface.

public class MyClass implements ActionListener {

The implementation of the methods in the listener interface.

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { ...//code that reacts to the action... }


Java More-GUI

Example public class MultiListener ... implements ActionListener { //... //where initialization occurs: button1.addActionListener(this); button2.addActionListener(this);

button2.addActionListener(new Eavesdropper(bottomTextArea));

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { topTextArea.append(e.getActionCommand() + "\n"); }}class Eavesdropper implements ActionListener { ... public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { myTextArea.append(e.getActionCommand() + "\n"); }}


Java More-GUI

The Java standard class library contains several classes that represent typical events

Certain objects, such as an applet or a graphical button, generate (fire) an event when it occurs

Other objects, called listeners, respond to events

We can write listener objects to do whatever we want when an event occurs

Events


Java More-GUI

Listener InterfacesWe can create a listener object by writing a class that implements a particular Listener interface

The Java standard class library contains several interfaces that correspond to particular event categories

For example, the MouseListener interface contains methods that correspond to mouse events

After creating the listener, we add the listener to the component that might generate the event to set up a formal relationship between the generator and listener


Java More-GUI

ActionListener


Java More-GUI

Problem of Using ListenersAWT Listeners usually have several methods. If a class implements the listener, need to write all the methods.

//An example with cluttered but valid code.public class MyClass implements MouseListener { //...someObject.addMouseListener(this);

//... /* Empty method definitions are required. */ public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { }

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { //..Event handler implementation goes here...

}}


Java More-GUI

Solution: Using Adaptors

Use Adaptor instead of Listener to simplify design. /*

* An example of extending an adapter class instead of

* directly implementing a listener interface.

*/

public class MyClass extends MouseAdapter {

//...

someObject.addMouseListener(this);

//...

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {

//...Event handler implementation goes here...

}

}


Java More-GUI


Java More-GUI

Using Inner Classes

Use inner classes with adaptors to simplify design. //An example of using an anonymous inner class.public class MyClass extends Applet { //... someObject.addMouseListener( new MouseAdapter() {

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {

//..Event handler implementation // .. goes here... } // with Adapter, only methos we want

} ); //... }}


Java More-GUI

Listener interfaces

ActionListener actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

AdjustmentListener adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e)

AncestorListener ancestorAdded(AncestorEvent event) ancestorMoved(AncestorEvent event) ancestorRemoved(AncestorEvent event) AWTEventListener eventDispatched(AWTEvent event) BeanContextMembershipListener childrenAdded(BeanContextMembershipEvent bcme) childrenRemoved(BeanContextMembershipEvent bcme)

. . .


Java More-GUI

Standard AWT Events (1/2)

Handling standard AWT events

Listener Interface Adapter Class Methods ActionListener none actionPerformed

AdjustmentListener none adjustmentValueChanged ComponentListener ComponentAdapter componentHidden

componentMoved componentResized componentShown

ContainerListener ContainerAdapter componentAdded componentRemoved

FocusListener FocusAdapter focusGained focusLost

ItemListener none itemStateChanged KeyListener KeyAdapter keyPressed

keyReleased keyTyped


Java More-GUI

Listener Interface Adapter Class MethodsMouseListener MouseAdapter mouseClicked

mouseEnteredmouseExitedmousePressedmouseReleased

MouseMotionListener MouseMotionAdapter mouseDraggedmouseMoved

TextListener None textValueChangedWindowListener WindowAdapter windowActivated

windowClosedwindowClosingwindowDeactivatedwindowDeiconifiedwindowIconifiedwindowOpened

Standard AWT Events (2/2)


Java More-GUI

Events Generated by AWT Components

The AWT events can be divided into two groups: component-level (low-level) events and semantic events.

Component-Level Events Represent user or window-system actions such as a mouse click or

a key press, … ComponentEvent, FocusEvent, InputEvent, KeyEvent,

MouseEvent, ContainerEvent, WindowEvent

Semantic Events Represent higher-level functions or meanings of events such as

double-clicking a text-line, … ActionEvent, AdjustmentEvent, ItemEvent, TextEvent

Please see our text book: chap 7 , ..


Java More-GUI

Action ListenerWriting an action listener The ActionListener interface contains a single method.

void actionPerformed(ActionEvent)No corresponding adapter class since there is only one method.

An action event occurs, When the user clicks a button, When doubleclicks a list item, When chooses a menu item, When presses return in a text field,

An action event handling code example :

public class Beeper ... implements ActionListener { //... //where initialization occurs: button.addActionListener(this); //... public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //…Make a beep sound... }}


Java More-GUI

Action Events

The ActionEvent class String getActionCommand()

Returns the string associated with this action.

Default string is the text displayed in the component. int getModifiers()

Returns an integer representing the modifier keys the user was pressing when the action event occurred.

For example, if the user shift-selects a menu item, then the following expression is nonzero:

actionEvent.getModifiers() & ActionEvent.SHIFT_MASK


Java More-GUI

ActionEvent methods


Java More-GUI

Adjustment ListenerAdjustment events notify you of changes in the value of components that implement the adjustable interface.The only AWT class that implements adjustable is scrollbar.There are five kinds of adjustment events: Track Unit increment, unit decrement Block increment, block decrement

The AdjustmentListener interface contains a single method. No corresponding adapter class.

void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent)


Java More-GUI

Adjustment Events

The AdjustmentEvent class defines the following handy methods: Adjustable getAdjustable()

Returns the component that generated the event. int getAdjustmentType()

Returns the type of adjustment that occurred.

The returned value is one of the following UNIT_INCREMENT, UNIT_DECREMENT, BLOCK_INCREMENT, BLOCK_DECREMENT, TRACK.

int getValue()

Returns the value of the component just after the adjustment occurred.


Java More-GUI

Component ListenerOne or more component events are generated by a component object. After the component is hidden, made visible, moved, or resized.

The component hidden and component visible events occur only as the result of calls to a component's setVisible method. For example, a window might be miniaturized into an icon (iconified),

without a component hidden event being generated.

Component Listener Methods void componentHidden(ComponentEvent) void componentMoved(ComponentEvent) void componentResized(ComponentEvent) void componentShown(ComponentEvent)


Java More-GUI

Container Listener

Methods Void componentAdded(ContainerEvent) Void componentRemoved(ContainerEvent)

The ContainerEvent class defines two useful methods: Component getChild() Container getContainer()


Java More-GUI

Focus Listener

Writing a focus listener Focus events are generated whenever a component gains or loses

the keyboard focus -- the ability to receive keyboard events. At most one component in the window system can have the

keyboard focus. You can request that a component get the focus by invoking the Component`s requestFocus method.

The FocusListener interface and its corresponding adapter class, FocusAdapter, contain two methods:

void focusGained(FocusEvent)

void focusLost(FocusEvent)


Java More-GUI

Item Listener

Writing an Item Listener Item events are generated by components that implement the ItemSelectable interface.

The 1.1 AWT components that generate item events are checkboxes, checkbox menu items, choices, and lists.

The ItemListener interface has just one method, so it has no corresponding adapter class.

void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent)

Called by the AWT just after a state change in the listened-to component.


Java More-GUI

Item Events

The ItemEvent class defines the following handy methods: Object getItem()

Returns the component-specific object associated with the item whose state changed. Often this is a String containing the text on the selected item. For an item event generated by a List, this is an Integer that specifies the index of the selected item.

ItemSelectable getItemSelectable() Returns the component that generated the item event.

int getStateChange()Returns the new state of the item. The ItemEvent class defines two states: SELECTED and DESELECTED.


Java More-GUI

Key Listener

Writing a key listener Key events tell you when the user types at the keyboard. Two basic kinds of key events:

Typing of a Unicode character -- key typed event.

Pressing or releasing of a key on the keyboard -- key pressed and key released event.

Three methods:void keyTyped(KeyEvent)

void keyPressed(KeyEvent)

void keyReleased(KeyEvent)


Java More-GUI

Key Events

The KeyEvent class defines the following useful methods: int getKeyChar()

void setKeyChar(char)

Get or set the Unicode character associated with this event. int getKeyCode()

void setKeyCode(int)

Get or set the key code associated with this event. For example, VK_A specifies the key labeled A, and VK_ESCAPE specifies the ESCAPE key.

void setModifiers(int)

Sets the state of the modifier keys for this event.


Java More-GUI

Mouse ListenerWriting a mouse listener Mouse events tell you when the user uses the mouse (or similar input

device) to interact with a component. Methods:

Void mouseClicked(MouseEvent) void mouseEntered(MouseEvent) void mouseExited(MouseEvent) void mousePressed(MouseEvent) void mouseReleased(MouseEvent)

Mouse Events:int getClickCount() int getX() int getY() Point getPoint() boolean isPopupTrigger()


Java More-GUI

import java.applet.Applet;import java.awt.*;

public class Dots extends Applet{ private final int APPLET_WIDTH = 200; private final int APPLET_HEIGHT = 100; private final int RADIUS = 6; private Point clickPoint = null; public void init() { DotsMouseListener listener = new

DotsMouseListener(this); addMouseListener(listener);

setBackground (Color.black); setSize (APPLET_WIDTH, APPLET_HEIGHT); }


Java More-GUI

public void paint (Graphics page){ page.setColor (Color.green); if (clickPoint != null) page.fillOval (clickPoint.x - RADIUS,

clickPoint.y - RADIUS, RADIUS * 2, RADIUS * 2); } public void setPoint (Point point) { clickPoint = point; }}


Java More-GUI

import java.applet.Applet;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;

class DotsMouseListener implements MouseListener { private Dots applet; public DotsMouseListener (Dots applet) { this.applet = applet; } public void mouseClicked (MouseEvent event) { Point clickPoint = event.getPoint(); applet.setPoint (clickPoint); applet.repaint(); }

Class implementing listener interface


Java More-GUI

//------------------------------------------------------// Provide empty definitions for unused event methods.//------------------------------------------------------ public void mousePressed (MouseEvent event) {} public void mouseReleased (MouseEvent event) {} public void mouseEntered (MouseEvent event) {} public void mouseExited (MouseEvent event) {}}// end of DotsMouseListener


Java More-GUI

Input Events

The MouseEvent class extends InputEvent, which extends ComponentEvent.

InputEvent provides the following useful methods: int getWhen()

boolean isAltDown()

boolean isControlDown()

boolean isMetaDown()

boolean isShiftDown()

int getModifiers()


Java More-GUI

Mouse Motion Listener

Writing a mouse motion listener Mouse motion events tell you when the user uses the mouse (or a

similar input device) to move the onscreen cursor. Methods:

void mouseDragged(MouseEvent)

void mouseMoved(MouseEvent)


Java More-GUI

Text Listener

Writing a text listener Text events are generated after the text in a text component has

changed somehow. The TextListener interface has just one method, so it has no

corresponding adapter class. Void textValueChanged(TextEvent)

Called by the AWT just after the text in the listened-to component changes.


Java More-GUI

Window Listener

Writing a window listener Window events are generated by a window just after the window

is opened, closed, iconified, deiconified, activated, or deactivated. Methods:

void windowOpened(WindowEvent)

void windowClosing(WindowEvent)

void windowClosed(WindowEvent)

void windowIconified(WindowEvent)

void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent)

void windowActivated(WindowEvent)

void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent)


Java More-GUI

Take a Break

Take a BreakTake a Break



Take a Break


Java More-GUI

What Is Layout Managers?

An object that controls the size and position of components in a container.

Panel : default -- FlowLayout

Window : default -- GridLayout


Java More-GUI

How to Use BorderLayout

Example: setLayout(new BorderLayout());

add("North", new Button("North"));add("South", new Button("South"));add("East", new Button("East"));add("West", new Button("West"));add("Center", new Button("Center"));


Java More-GUI

• If you use the one-argument version of add(), or if you specify an invalid first argument, your component might not be visible.

• BorderLayout puts no gap between the components by default.

• Specify gaps (in pixels) using the following constructor:– public BorderLayout(int horizontalGap,

int verticalGap)


Java More-GUI

How to Use FlowLayoutsetLayout(new FlowLayout());

add(new Button("Button 1"));add(new Button("2"));add(new Button("Button 3"));add(new Button("Long-Named Button 4"));add(new Button("Button 5"));

Three constructors: public FlowLayout() public FlowLayout(int alignment)

alignment value : FlowLayout.LEFT, FlowLayout.CENTER, or FlowLayout.RIGHT

public FlowLayout(int alignment, int horizontalGap, int verticalGap)

Default gap is 5 pixels.


Java More-GUI

How to Use CardLayout

public class CardWindow extends Frame implements ItemListener { Panel cards; final static String BUTTONPANEL = "Panel with Buttons"; final static String TEXTPANEL = "Panel with TextField";

public CardWindow() { setLayout(new BorderLayout());

//Put the Choice in a Panel to get a nicer look. Panel cp = new Panel(); Choice c = new Choice(); c.addItem(BUTTONPANEL); c.addItem(TEXTPANEL); c.addItemListener(this); cp.add(c); add("North", cp);


Java More-GUI cards = new Panel(); cards.setLayout(new CardLayout());

Panel p1 = new Panel(); p1.add(new Button("Button 1")); p1.add(new Button("Button 2")); p1.add(new Button("Button 3"));

Panel p2 = new Panel(); p2.add(new TextField("TextField", 20));

cards.add(BUTTONPANEL, p1); cards.add(TEXTPANEL, p2); add("Center", cards); . . .}

public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent evt) { CardLayout cl = (CardLayout)(cards.getLayout()); cl.show(cards, (String)evt.getItem());}


Java More-GUI

How to Use GridLayout

//Construct a GridLayout with 2 columns and// an unspecified number of rows.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,2));

add(new Button("Button 1"));add(new Button("2"));add(new Button("Button 3"));add(new Button("Long-Named Button 4"));add(new Button("Button 5"));

Two constructors: public GridLayout(int rows, int columns)

At least one of the rows and columns arguments must be non-zero. public GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int

horizontalGap, int verticalGap)


Java More-GUI

GridBag Layout

Layout controls using a rectangular grid controls can span multiple rows or columns use constraints

(0,0) (2,0)

Spans 2 columns

(1,0)

Spans 3 columns


Java More-GUI

GridBag Layout Constraints

weightx = how much of extraspace goes to this column

weighty = how much of extraspace goes to this row

gridx, gridy = upper leftcorner of control

(0,0) (2,0)

Spans 2 columns

(1,0)

Spans 3 columns

gridwidth = columns to span gridheight = rows to span

fill = (none, H, V)anchor = {NW, N, NE, E…}


Java More-GUI

How to Use GridBagLayout

Using GridBagLayout

GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout();GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();setLayout(gridbag);

//For each component to be added to this container://...Create the component...//...Set instance variables in the

GridBagConstraints // instance...

gridbag.setConstraints(theComponent, c);add(theComponent);


Java More-GUI

GridBagContraints again (1/2)

gridx,gridy• Specify the row and column at the upper left of the component.

• GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE (default value) gridwidth,gridheight

Specify the number of columns (for gridwidth) or rows (for gridheight) of the component. The default value is 1.GridBagConstraints.REMAINDERGridBagConstraints.RELATIVE

fillGridBagConstraints.NONE (the default)GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTALGridBagConstraints.VERTICALGridBagConstraints.BOTH

ipadx,ipadySpecifies the internal padding. The default value is zero.


Java More-GUI

GridBagContraints again (2/2)

insets

Specifies the external padding of the component.Default is no external padding.

anchor

Valid values areGridBagConstraints.CENTER (the default), GridBagConstraints.NORTH, GridBagConstraints.NORTHEAST, GridBagConstraints.EAST, GridBagConstraints.SOUTHEAST, GridBagConstraints.SOUTH, GridBagConstraints.SOUTHWEST, GridBagConstraints.WEST, and GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST.

weightx,weightyUsed to determine how to distribute space among columns (weightx) and among rows (weighty).


Java More-GUI

GridBagLayout Example (1/2)

protected void makebutton(String name, GridBagLayout gridbag, GridBagConstraints c) { Button button = new Button(name); gridbag.setConstraints(button, c); add(button);}

public GridBagWindow() { GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout(); GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints(); setLayout(gridbag); c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH; c.weightx = 1.0; makebutton("Button1", gridbag, c); makebutton("Button2", gridbag, c); makebutton("Button3", gridbag, c); c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //end of row makebutton("Button4", gridbag, c);


Java More-GUI

c.weightx = 0.0; //reset to the default makebutton("Button5", gridbag, c); //another row

c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; //next to last in row makebutton("Button6", gridbag, c);

c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //end of row makebutton("Button7", gridbag, c);

c.gridwidth = 1; //reset to the default c.gridheight = 2; c.weighty = 1.0; makebutton("Button8", gridbag, c);

c.weighty = 0.0; //reset to the default c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //end of row c.gridheight = 1; //reset to the default makebutton("Button9", gridbag, c); makebutton("Button10", gridbag, c);}

GridBagLayout Example (2/2)


Java More-GUI

fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE

weight = 0


Java More-GUI

General Rules for Using Layout Managers

How to Choose a Layout Manager Display a component in as much space as it can get

BorderLayout Put the space-hungry component in the center.

GridBagLayout Set the constraints for the component so that

fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH.GridLayout

All components will be the same size. Display a few components in a compact row at their natural size

Using a Panel and using the Panel's default FlowLayout manager. Display a few same-sized components in rows and/or columns

GridLayout

How to Create a Layout Manager and Associate It with a ContaineraContainer.setLayout(new CardLayout());


Java More-GUI

Doing Without a Layout Manager

public class NoneWindow extends Frame { private boolean laidOut = false; private Button b1, b2, b3; public NoneWindow() { super(); setLayout(null); b1 = new Button("one"); add(b1); b2 = new Button("two"); add(b2); b3 = new Button("three"); add(b3); } public void paint(Graphics g) { if (!laidOut) { Insets insets = insets(); b1.reshape(50 + insets.left, 5 + insets.top, 50, 20); b2.reshape(70 + insets.left, 35 + insets.top, 50, 20); b3.reshape(130 + insets.left, 15 + insets.top, 50, 30); laidOut = true; } } . . .}


Java More-GUI

Overview of AWT Graphics Support

The Graphics Object paint(Graphics g), update(Graphics g) Two basic kinds of drawing

Primitive graphics (such as lines, rectangles, and text)Images

Provides a drawing contextThe current drawing areaThe current drawing color

The Coordinate SystemThe Four Forms of the repaint() Method public void repaint() public void repaint(long time) public void repaint(int x, int y, int width, int height) public void repaint(long time, int x, int y, int width, int height)


Java More-GUI

Drawing Shapes

The Graphics class drawing the following kinds of shapes: Lines (drawLine()) Rectangles, (drawRect(), fillRect(), and clearRect()) Raised or lowered rectangles (draw3DRect() and fill3DRect()) Round-edged rectangles (drawRoundRect() and fillRoundRect()) Ovals (drawOval() and fillOval()) Arcs (drawArc() and fillArc()) Polygons (drawPolygon() and fillPolygon())


Java More-GUI

Example: Simple Rectangle Drawing

//In FramedArea (a Panel subclass):public Insets getInsets() { return new Insets(4,4,5,5);}public void paint(Graphics g) { Dimension d = getSize(); Color bg = getBackground(); g.setColor(bg); g.draw3DRect(0, 0, d.width - 1, d.height - 1, true); g.draw3DRect(3, 3, d.width - 7, d.height - 7, false);}


Java More-GUI

Example (cont.)class CoordinateArea extends Canvas { Point point = null; CoordinatesDemo controller;

public CoordinateArea(CoordinatesDemo controller) { super(); this.controller = controller; addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { int x=e.getX(); int y=e.getY(); if(point==null) { point=new Point(x, y); } else { point.x=x; point.y=y; } repaint(); } }); }

public void paint(Graphics g) { if(point != null) { controller.updateLabel(point); g.fillRect(point.x - 1, point.y - 1, 2, 2); } }}


Java More-GUI

Example: Selected Area

Using a Rectangle to Indicate a Selected Areaclass SelectionArea extends Canvas { Rectangle currentRect = null; RectangleDemo controller;

public SelectionArea(RectangleDemo controller) { super(); this.controller = controller;

MyListener myListener = new MyListener(); addMouseListener(myListener); addMouseMotionListener(myListener); }


Java More-GUIpublic void paint(Graphics g) { //update has already cleared the previous rectangle, //so we don't need to here.

//If currentRect exists, paint a rectangle on top. if (currentRect != null) { Dimension d = getSize(); Rectangle box = getDrawableRect(currentRect, d); controller.updateLabel(box);

//Draw the box outline. g.drawRect(box.x, box.y, box.width - 1, box.height - 1); }}

Rectangle getDrawableRect(Rectangle originalRect, Dimension drawingArea) { . . . //Make sure rectangle width and height are positive. . . . //The rectangle shouldn't extend past the drawing area. . . .}


Java More-GUI

class MyListener extends MouseAdapter implements MouseMotionListener { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); currentRect = new Rectangle(x, y, 0, 0); repaint(); }

public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {updateSize(e);}

public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {updateSize(e);}

public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {}

void updateSize(MouseEvent e) { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); currentRect.setSize(x-currentRect.x, y-currentRect.y); repaint(); }}


Java More-GUI

Working With TextDrawing Text Using text-oriented Component

Label, TextField, or TextAreaExample: label.setText("Hello World!");

If a Component isn't appropriateUsing the Graphics drawBytes(), drawChars(), or drawString() methods.Example: g.drawString("Hello World!", x, y);

g.drawString("Hello World!", x, y);

x and y specify the position of the lower left corner of the text.The y coordinate specifies the baseline of the text.

d


Java More-GUI

Font and FontMetrics

Getting Information about a Font: FontMetrics FontMetrics pickFont(Graphics g, String longString, int xSpace) { boolean fontFits = false; Font font = g.getFont(); FontMetrics fontMetrics = g.getFontMetrics(); int size = font.getSize(); String name = font.getName(); int style = font.getStyle(); while (!fontFits) { if ( fontMetrics.getHeight()<=maxCharHeight && fontMetrics.stringWidth(longString)<=xSpace ) { fontFits = true; } else { if (size <= minFontSize) { fontFits = true; } else { g.setFont(font = new Font(name, style, --size)); fontMetrics = g.getFontMetrics(); } } } return fontMetrics;}


Java More-GUI

FontMetrics

getAscent(), getMaxAscent() getDescent(), getMaxDescent() getHeight() getWidth() getMaxAdvance() charWidth(int), charWidth(char) – charsWidth(char[], int, int) – stringWidth(String) – getWidths()


Java More-GUI

Using ImagesLoading Images Using the getImage() Methods

It is easy to get an Image object for it if Image data is in GIF or JPEG format.

myImage = getImage(URL); // in an Applet subclass onlymyImage = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(filenameOrURL);

Applets The Applet class supplies :

public Image getImage(URL url) public Image getImage(URL url, String name)

Example: Image image1 = getImage(getCodeBase(), "imageFile.gif");Image image2 = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"anImageFile.jpeg");Image image3 = getImage(new

URL("http://java.sun.com/graphics/people.gif"));

Toolkit:Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();Image image1 = toolkit.getImage("imageFile.gif");Image image2 = toolkit.getImage(new

URL("http://java.sun.com/graphics/people.gif"));


Java More-GUI

MemoryImageSource

Creating Images with MemoryImageSourceThe following code example calculates a 100x100 image representing a fade from black to blue along the X axis and a fade from black to red along the Y axis.

int w = 100; int h = 100;int[] pix = new int[w * h];int index = 0;for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) { int red = (y * 255) / (h - 1); for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { int blue = (x * 255) / (w - 1); pix[index++] = (255 << 24) | (red << 16) | blue; }}Image img = createImage(

new MemoryImageSource(w, h, pix, 0, w));


Java More-GUI

Image Loading

Requesting and Tracking Image Loading: MediaTracker and ImageObserver The MediaTracker class is sufficient for many

programs.See the example improvingImageAnim

The ImageObserver interface lets you keep even closer track of image loading than MediaTracker allows.

To use the ImageObserver interface, you implement the ImageObserver imageUpdate() method.


Java More-GUI

imageUpdate in ImageObserver

Here is an example of imageUpdate() method:

public boolean imageUpdate(Image theimg, int infoflags, int x, int y, int w, int h) { if ((infoflags & (ERROR)) != 0) { errored = true; } if ((infoflags & (WIDTH | HEIGHT)) != 0) { positionImages(); } boolean done = (

(infoflags & (ERROR | FRAMEBITS | ALLBITS)) != 0 ); // Repaint immediately if we are done, // otherwise batch up repaint requests // every 100 milliseconds repaint(done ? 0 : 100);

//If done, no further updates required. return !done;}


Java More-GUI

Displaying Images

Below is an applet that loads a single image and displays it twice, using both code examples below :

g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);g.drawImage(myImage, 90, 0, 300, 62, this);


Java More-GUI

Manipulating Images

The figure shows how image data is created:

An image filter is an ImageFilterobject Sitting between a producer and a consumer. Modifying the image data before the consumer gets it.

Image sourceImage;...//Initialize sourceImage, using the Toolkit or Applet getImage() method.ImageFilter filter = new SomeImageFilter();ImageProducer producer = new FilteredImageSource(sourceImage.getSource(), filter);Image resultImage = createImage(producer);


Java More-GUI

Example: Rotate an Image (1/2)public class ImageRotator extends Applet { . . . RotatorCanvas rotator; double radiansPerDegree = Math.PI / 180;

public void init() { //Load the image. Image image = getImage(getCodeBase(), "../images/rocketship.gif"); ...//Create the component that uses the image filter: rotator = new RotatorCanvas(image); . . . add(rotator); . . . } public boolean action(Event evt, Object arg) { int degrees; ...//Get the number of degrees to rotate the image //Convert to radians. rotator.rotateImage((double)degrees * radiansPerDegree); return true; }}


Java More-GUI

Example: Rotate an Image (2/2)class RotatorCanvas extends Canvas { Image sourceImage; Image resultImage; public RotatorCanvas(Image image) { sourceImage = image; resultImage = sourceImage; } public void rotateImage(double angle) { ImageFilter filter = new RotateFilter(angle); ImageProducer producer = new FilteredImageSource( sourceImage.getSource(), filter); resultImage = createImage(producer); repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { Dimension d = size(); int x = (d.width-resultImage.getWidth(this))/2; int y = (d.height-resultImage.getHeight(this))/2; g.drawImage(resultImage, x, y, this); }}


Java More-GUI

Another Suggestionint [] thispixels = new thispixels[width*height];

PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(anImage, 0, 0, width, height, thispixels, 0, width);

try {

pg.grabPixels();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.err.println("waiting for pixels!");

return null;

}

Image destination = Elife.createImage(new MemoryImageSource(width, height, thispixels, 0, width));


Java More-GUI

Performing AnimationCreating the Animation Loop Every program that performs animation by drawing at regular

intervals needs an animation loop. This loop should be in its own thread and never be in the paint() or update() method.

Initializing Instance VariablesframeNumber represents the current frame. It's initialized to -1, even though the first frame number is 0.

delay is the number of milliseconds between frames.

animatorThread is a Thread object, representing the thread in which the animation loop runs.

frozen is a boolean value that's initialized to false. Set it to true to indicate that the user has requested that the animation stop.


Java More-GUI

Example (1/2)public class AnimatorClass extends AComponentClass implements Runnable { //In initialization code:

//From user-specified frames-per-second value, //determine how long to delay between frames.

//In a method that does nothing but start the animation: //Create and start the animating thread.

//In a method that does nothing but stop the animation: //Stop the animating thread.

public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y) {

if ( /* animation is currently frozen */ ) { //Call the method that starts the animation.

} else { //Call the method that stops the animation.

} }


Java More-GUI

Example (2/2) public void run() {

// Lower this thread's priority so it can't// interfere with other processing going on.

// Remember the starting time.

// Here's the animation loop:while ( /* animation thread is still running */ ) {

// Advance the animation frame. // Display it. // Delay depending on how far we are behind.

} }

public void paint(Graphics g) { // Draw the current frame of animation. }}


Java More-GUI

Animation Loop Advances the frame number. Calls the repaint() method to request that the current frame of

animation be drawn. Sleeps for up to delay milliseconds.

while (/* animation thread is still running */) { //Advance the animation frame. frameNumber++;

//Display it. repaint();

...//Delay depending on how far we are behind.}

Ensuring a Constant Frame Ratelong startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();while (/* animation thread is still running */) { ...//Advance the animation frame and display it. try { startTime += delay; Thread.sleep(Math.max(0, startTime-System.currentTimeMillis())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { break; }}


Java More-GUI

Behaving PolitelyAllowing the user to stop (and restart) the animation, while the applet or application is still visible.

Implemented by overriding the mouseDown() method.

Suspending the animation whenever the applet or application is known not to be visible.

This is achieved by implementing the Applet stop() and start() methods


Java More-GUI

Animating GraphicsAn example applet that creates a moving a checkerboard effect by painting alternate squares which are drawn by the Graphics fillRect() method.

// Draw the rectangle if necessary.if (fillSquare) { g.fillRect(x, y, w, h); fillSquare = false;} else { fillSquare = true;}


Java More-GUI

Eliminating Flashing ProblemThe flashing effect is the result of two facts: By default, the background of the animation is cleared

before the paint() method is called. The computation in the paint() method is complex

enough that it takes longer to compute and draw each frame than the video screen's refresh rate.

Solution I 請參考

http://scv.bu.edu/Doc/Java/tutorial/ui/drawing/example/Update.java


Java More-GUI

Solution IEliminating Flashing: Overriding the update() Method

public void paint(Graphics g) { update(g);}public void update(Graphics g) { Color bg = getBackground(); Color fg = getForeground(); ...//same as old paint() method if (fillSquare) { g.fillRect(x, y, w, h); fillSquare = false; } else { g.setColor(bg); g.fillRect(x, y, w, h); g.setColor(fg); fillSquare = true; } ...//same as old paint() method}


Java More-GUI

Solution II

Eliminating Flashing: Double Buffering Forcing the entire frame to be drawn at once.

First creating an undisplayed buffer -- backbuffer or offscreen buffer.

Drawing to the buffer

Displaying the resulting image onscreen.

To create an offscreen buffer with the AWT:Creating an image of the proper size.

Getting a graphics context to manipulate the image.

請參考 :

http://scv.bu.edu/Doc/Java/tutorial/ui/drawing/doubleBuffer.html


Java More-GUI

Example//Where instance variables are declared: Dimension offDimension; Image offImage; Graphics offGraphics; . . .public void update(Graphics g) { . . . //In the update() method, where d holds the size of //the onscreen drawing area: if( (offGraphics == null) || (d.width != offDimension.width) || (d.height != offDimension.height) ) { offDimension = d; offImage = createImage(d.width, d.height); offGraphics = offImage.getGraphics(); } //Erase the previous image. offGraphics.setColor(getBackground()); offGraphics.fillRect(0, 0, d.width, d.height); offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);


Java More-GUI

Animation: Displaying a Sequence of Images

Below are the ten images this applet uses.


Java More-GUI

Sample Code. . .//Where instance variables are declared:Image duke[10];

. . .//In the init() method:for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { images[i-1] = getImage(getCodeBase(), "../../../images/duke/T"+i+".gif");}

. . .//In the update() method, //instead of calling drawFrame():offGraphics.drawImage(images[frameNumber % 10], 0, 0, this);

Problem: delay for each loading in drawImage().

Solution: Use MediaTracker to improve the performance


Java More-GUI

MediaTrackerUsing MediaTracker to Download Images and Delay Image Display To request a group of images be preloaded asynchronously, you

can use checkID(true) and checkAll(true). To load data synchronously (waiting for the data to arrive), use the waitForID() and waitForAll() methods.

請參考 Java tutorial 裡的範例 improvingImageAnim


Java More-GUI

Speeding Up Image Loading

Loading images using URLs (as applets usually do) usually takes a long time. Most of the time is taken up by initiating HTTP connections.

The key to avoiding this performance hit is to combine the images in a single file. One simple way to combine images in a single file is to create an

image strip.


Java More-GUI

Image Clipping

To draw an image from the strip First set the clipping area to the size of one image. Then you draw the image strip, shifted to the left (if necessary) so

that only the image you want appears within the clipping area.

//imageStrip is the Image object representing the image strip.//imageWidth is the size of an individual image in the strip.//imageNumber is the number (from 0 to numImages) // of the image to draw.

int stripWidth = imageStrip.getWidth(this);int stripHeight = imageStrip.getHeight(this);int imageWidth = stripWidth / numImages;g.clipRect(0, 0, imageWidth, stripHeight);g.drawImage(imageStrip, -imageNumber*imageWidth, 0, this);


Java More-GUIhttp://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/TOC.html#start

Swing Library again


Java More-GUI

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/


Java More-GUI

Swing Libraryhttp://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/TOC.html#start


Java More-GUI


Java More-GUI

JFC/Swing GUI Components (1/6)

Applet Dialog Frame

Top-Level Containers


Java More-GUI


Scroll Pane Split Pane Tabbed Pane

General-Purpose Containers

ToolbarPanel


Java More-GUI


Internal Frame Layered Pane

Root Pane

Special-Purpose Containers


Java More-GUI


Buttons Combobox List

Basic Controls

Menu Slider Text Fields


Java More-GUI


Label

Progress Bar

Tooltip

Uneditable Information Displays


Java More-GUI


Table Text Tree

Editable Displays of Formatted Information

Color Chooser File Chooser


Java More-GUI

Introduction to Java Programming

謝謝捧場http://www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/~tsaiwn/java/

蔡文能


Java More-GUI

Documents

交通大學資訊工程學系 Programming in Java More about GUI 蔡文能 交通大學資訊工程學系 [email protected] tsaiwn/java//java

交通大學資訊工程學系 Programming in Java More about GUI 蔡文能交通大學資訊工程學系 [email protected] tsaiwn/java//java