Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
~-r [=-J K
M -c , ~ "- '\.L f\.A.c> f e.. t 'w\ I CI..r -02-1 'Ai3 --, ~ ~-
w.i,.;\,l-f (~) -t (~)
tv -= Su. ~ D 1; J t'+4..Ji "'" if D I'-\. """-e 5 frcfY'""\. t~b (~ .5. I
( 5'~Pr1)t,,<- d- rt~JJ u::. y)
i
.q f;Mf;r~~~1 -9 ~()P ES,r K/J,.-re C 1:. ))6)= --
fR e t-.J D 5 J- 1> t:::: f E; N 1) t:::; f\-J c.. e: 0 t\.J T V- f(=>
l) i + $ M ~ ( f l'\iL 0 J e ~ ~ (of.s J-. S ; "'" ~ I ~ I +l.e.. V\
M~~ .J- ~V wi II k~V-e.. "E'ci';d ;6/.e. o.~.;."'~.
.1) Df1-t 0< + ~ t-1~tk ~~j~r .
ok- D .e-"'- J..Q.V' t..e. dV\1"1-'5' J
3} l)ft1> 0< I --{- ---
~A-lso} h~y'e.. C\. l..J~J *~ CoY\V.e--r-r ])~ C~Jf,)
-=) 1>~ (~J pz..)
-
l::::XA--f-;tPL-.E:: .Air (:2/700.2.. -:;z-tt'o tJz...,) ~ (~-f~---J .;2~ 8 K
"'"t\ -7Yo toJ -.
II l
t '\Irr B
lAse ChYM~~ -£"S/CDJ
1,-"1S""
DA--B .=: 0 .00 (Y 3 ,--
P H~ L [~,,)11.s -f- (GI/)'~J "2-
Pr B
:2-rlf\'~'=; -I~ ::: d i, ~
(iJ.) + (~)
(~V)D == ,~.s (~V)B::: 10,)-:2
(.fr~ -r~hl~ 3, I)
,,"'"'" , " " ",""".' ""'" ~"' 'c,
(1)
?=; Io\'+~
,.=:- ..218'K
1.1- 5
D -O,OoILf3 (~~d')AB -~~(--';~~lI;:"- L L Co. ? oj j + I ~ .S 'I j J -;z:--
Dt\B :::. 0,:2 04 ~ @ f 4l-f"",
S .211K
02/fJz.
w H Prl IF., .1>:;- 2 ~ -f t'o'\
I';; 398 K
eVeY"u-fh"J elfc.. ('s -+-he j"Q..V"-..e..
" I.r'>, e.w p -r )])A-& -= l>t'r.s --1- \ ~ =- D, ,~Lf ~f -I .s-
.;2.. I
i + tMJJ f C- k~",}.C- J~ (~ ~.:;-I c.-f,,",,)
~t.oIoJ 1-Dfrh ~ O. 3Lf-:} ~
<,-,.,c. " "' "0",, '"' ."".,
(!)Pr(So ~~" l..t5-e... Co ((e{ f;\JV'-) ) S.e.e f' I c I.
-
fJ ice fh I Y\ j 0(. L () ~-f 0- t4.. .f ~ S ...
~u+ I.t..' {()-f 0-+ i",--t.f..-r ~c.~:J"'-J
C {Ar}L- V J (0 I,..) f)
/+blO\)~ve:p..) L/Q.L..c..fD5 /4-1(£ tJd, .Jo Ll.A..c..,k:L(
-
LJ ~L-1I'!) 1:>rFF~ SI\,/fTf'e:S ..-~
/"""--' ~~' ~
~ ~"""--~ A H.4.e.D
-_"",,"'~"" ';--""" ~ P foJ- e ~ ~
"--- ~ -
,.' tREEPfrJ& PLD~ wi DRA-& o,J f'-"'tO~tL.fLt;;:J uf fr.
--
:3) S-T'D K~5 -~ J t'-J S T -t::: IN ,. (1:)s.{,-",,-r~; CfN'
./ [\L)~ -r~r.
1< I b---'"[1> Pre, )00 -=- --
t Co -rr ~B Rp,i '" -f ; ~ ~-f e J ~ , 4-1-: 1M l rc,. J i ~J 6 + ~ {e C ~ ( e
dt ..r+~.s" V: -I: d f\
.:?) ~U *'" -A V; s~os~fJ 0 f R
i~-tLr4;.(!+'~5
Loi.J D (f" L../ H r T A- Tr () N.s f-f-e: ~e-
-:3J $, l-e 0+ It "/ 7 S~l~ o~ B
-7 ~ D i "" -t.e.-l" Q..c:. -+- , ~ .f\OO't J ,l}. -A
..:::) cl \ I "" -f e. ( ,,~r:J ) ..r 0 I "-\.. -f; ~
~ '\ t dl'++4.s.. ~ bJ r~~d ~ ~-a-f ~ t.1V'\)
+c)lA~~ +0 J~ \...,J:-f~ (-e~IIJ (C4-r,-e..
~le.~l.es.
l f f.4.. (I -fl~ iV\.~t..I' '"~~; ~ ~;~ SU II/~ + (B)
@A-S, D ~ "--};Jo +'-C,e ~w v\o-fk~ J ,"..s C\I/~~-ed "L.,. S-f. .k:.-t:...s -£J'~ s+~. i1 ,
Prll S~~JC(:f..f:.e.ol ~r So(lA.-te. 0)1"'" ..so(v'~-t-,
l ; ~d'",; J~<- ( c-0I-.f dV\.e + f rof..e...r+:.ej)
CIM s:e ~ t.(..e.V\ t..e.. "
1> =1= D,BA- LiQUiDSA-& ~-
- -
LJ k ~ '7 D ; +J-e r ~ ~ e i"" d ~ J~ f) 0 + ,4- v' 5. R,
O~ , ~ , ~~"" ~+; II (1 q IL~l~ -t-c- 1> (it-!) J- J> B p,..
S +c. k.es -~ \ 1;\ yf: e.. ~ ~ Cu V\ k .e..)< + .e...<A..d-E. ~
+C \V'\c"'llAJ.e.- ~u{.e.. fr()~..e..f+:~ af -+he
y\I\ ~ ~~ (e. .C C\ ~', h I f lA.. r e.. e.. cj'(\o" f M ~ + ...
?r-or.r-k~~ I 104 C"-+~ s.~o..l \.e--r Y\A-() kc..J~ )
MOST Cot"--1HOfIJLi {..I(Jt;::"-D: @
.t,JILKE -Cl-ffiN&":'
-? G-o od ~r d~ {t.\.+C- 5 ~ (~-+.' ~ C ( '5" ~cl'o))
L "E; G- G-- EST t-1 ; S "T A K e 1+1:::: f<.. c;::
-'3 ( ~ \:$-.D f1-'B;:: '1 ( Y )<. I 0 lV E H B) T
--
Ol~
JAB ~
~ ~ ( { -e S S t..\. { e. J ef..e..-t.l\ J .e-LA ~ ,-
~ ~ o..sso~;~-t'lM f"("~Y"'e+-e-r '=- C,.;oJeJ V"'e~JLo\.{C
B 0+ «W\.t-Q.,..~ c.-i~ J\.1S
~~ Ho fetL.4." I-e..-- --~
-<. 10 J L 0t'Tol
I, ~ Htfh~~ I
I, S- r:-fhl!'Jl1 0 I
/' 0 teL1L~ ~ -+k~J
I+-epf~r\e~ "
'* fJOT£: II+E5E A-R E ~-Q~ -~ ,'sSac., A TJ t--.JCr- ~--~- : ~--
S:DLL.A T~S.
C .?) ~ S' A-l- -r .s )
~.B =- r\1bl.ec.L1..'~r W-e.IJl,+ D+ SO\V~+
T =:: +e~~r"-+lA.{"-e. (\<)
f& = .$0\ V~+ ~SCOS"+d C c p)
1rA::; J""tDIt\r VO(l.<f\1-e @ £ft,o(t"otA..-1 k>o; 1;"'cJ f a-i~+
(CIM3jMbl)
"2-
"DA-~ [~j ~S
-~ -l/ (!,r..12- \
D~~ ~ 10 -10 --lb;n~('J )J
tor H LA) ( ..20 0 ~ -1r7StoS;+o <. to c.P
~e-vt\~ke.YJ w; I k.e.- C~~11cJ ~'V sc)l~+e.. l!.c)V\c.e..,.,-I:f'~'M
l .es.$" +kc..-1-1 5-1 0 ~ I ?b .~--=-;;;;00.-
."'""C"",j
D I SS D e, AT I l'J & So L LIi TE S (Ia'V\s I S~/-f:J) @.~
.Ne..ed -f:b 1001< C<+ e4.~~ ('~.
e,j. ~ H U
PK..f- ) DU-
, ~ lec.+,o '" e4+~1 i-fj ~L.-t s-+ <-K;..r+
( q -r;;+G.../ t k~r~ = 0)
..:=:!:) I ~k5fd '( -+ ~ ~ It + ('5 c.~ d +0
-
-+r"--V\J'f d'f"+ I) t c..,e-
I-~
1) :::. } 2:,\ -+ I -22 \
lJ.. --
[2:, , I .:zz. \+ --
P, 1>2-
Q-e+ 1>, ~ 1>2. %~ -f-~ b I-e.s .
(e, j.) I']); t..\c..,.j; ~" b'j £, L CL1J.f!e--r / (1'f~ )
,. "' ,,"" , "",' "
1/ so @"-2 Lf
--t( ) .;2-
HIS °'f ( .2 )
-=) 6 J = +} ~ ~ = -2-
r /1f -s- z. '.." w..-t:f-rI~ l.:.J..1J.,t"" 'C-,I'- D = ~ 1.3/ )< I I.) ~ (.
I, .s e ~5Qc.
-S" 'Z.Dz::: " oc.o X/~ ~
s:
..::) ]) =- P -1+( I -+ I -2 II 2. 1-12. S () &j --~:~-i' '._-~-':~ 1-tIJ [-21
--:::s::- -t -.~~/..3/X/o I, 0 (ox/o-s-
~ -'$"" '2.
.J.,,}H2.SoLj = It 5'0 X/a ~
.s
~~--~~ =====~=:==~ ~
~~~~~~ ?1-1:,vC-E.' !O-Ll- 10- /L ~"2-
.S'"
~f,'~"",1 G-~J ,'", fJ~IIt\.e..r" -""- IO-9~z.
5-==) H,455 T{(.4#JSP~l. ,~ 5tJL/D5 ~ SLow.
11 A- s .s T,R,4 tJS f £ I< Co E: F f J ( 'r;;: I\J T..s =-
(!)
rl~S T LJ H ~ 1>0 \..J E ~ E ED -rtJ-e.s G?J
-:::s;> FLOU J i'.J G- Sy,r TC:;-H 5
~ "]),rFt..i.S/o,.,J ])t.si.4NCE ~_~I KNC)w~.
EXAMPLES:
'I) ~ c) t-J -F L 01 1 \.,.0/') I ~.,- K ~ 0 v t'J 0
L "()1F"r:'-o\..!'O~ J>rS"TAt'.Jc.c:
\~- ~- ~\
r;'\.--t'j:r---/~\':1-~--\,-~.-J ~
C"'PI(..l,..A-~Y ~ ~ t"'\a~AtJE:'
\l-i &E' ~"E-t-
~ 11'PI
~\'-
l~ 1A-J.,l.-D 0 N
~~v'PlP.
LIQ.
HE RE, T ,vir == j~ (tJh-f tJB~~:~. -co , 0 IL
2) FLow, I'.JC- s: y.s T-c:: H.r I...JI 'ET lit i'J .(.tJ 0 ~ t-J
~:=~~~=~=::~ -==:1E~~~=~-r:; ~ ~ l.\ L-t:.. t-J/ F L..o Ioo.J L (+ H , 1'-..) A ~ F La \oJ
~ CLO5 e; To w A-L-L 1>-r II..) 'RAblA-L b, ~~t-r(oN
.
=~~!~~:~~:] EF'~E'D ?A~-rIc.LE". fAR-r'c..L~ FLOI...)J~~
~w+:C!.le -=I=- "1r:f,u:J
~I~,) ,0 ..
~ )~ 0
tvft~ L/Q, F~~h G.4S "BLtBg~.s
L.r}-~ G-e:. ,.0,. ~~ 1). ~ IS ( J..JG- I ~
LI&~I':D,
~ U .s e; fJ,4- =- ~c. ~ C,A
~."
II ,~: .,.0" , ,
@){11:!:;: I t.J G- hits J (~,4-tJs FE: I<. ~o E: FFJ C IE NT 5 ...
,(lit = kc. 6 LA .,.
t L \ eo ~t..E" P-JT1-,A TI ~ ~ G-~) Ie;,..J-r
,./ ('b.L\ V I N tJr- FoR-tt;)
-r;;,~ fA. 0 LI'r!:- CO IJ ceo; t-J-r,ePr T, a ,oJ" "
ft.. [A ~ A ~A-S e b t-t ,,"Sf TIl-A~.rFE:1'l-
~o e: F F I C , E: /IJ 7 .,
N,4-= kj .AjA
L f\lo\-e tr~~.'~ 1oc..j'~J
H A-S f -r~A-~ f' ~ eo E FF I Col E ,.JT
~ I fFE:~E:N~e. ~
, ~ ., b~se..J ~ C-C\I\ c~-tr~-+,' (f'V'\
, t --~--=-I
I I
I ~ \ k "'-Se-d fM M-C I-e. *-c... ~ +: ~
d / ~ ---.
f:..
L I ~ j D,I+ C-A-s e:.s J TH-~ s ~ /teE"
1-1,4.,)'J TtPrtIJ.JPe-R l'O~FFI el e:-rJ75--
@~ONTA-/r'Jf. I) 1>rFFu5(vITY (:DA-6)---
2} 1:>,FFlIlJ'r6N 1::> ,STANC-E (~)
<';,1 LL H OL~~L1 L A~ 1) IF FlA<; I ~ t'J
..==::;) ~ '5' U L ~ FLO W,~---
-~
() I.II,J :--- .
R ~ ~~I'-'-).c. ~ ~~
-=) --~~ \ - \ ~ L == J ~-~~ ~' ..$ rV'-o \ S
Recc.ll') "D.4-B [=) ~s
kj 0('" ~X:
t1o/-e. +rC1,~-fI'~S ~~v-e. {;'-o L,.U.1.~.f- --
..:::. ) tJ f}'=::- ~ d b J f\ .
..,," " '" "" " ,"""",,,
lA v\ ~ Jc: ..s @)
t [ .::=. J ~ :;; Q.. tI}'\.. -e" Ct..s }J f\~I"i l. , s.
--
As j 0 1..\ y'J,,' j 1-1- ,. (\A. <-J ; f1 <. / kc-.,.J- k J l:t {" ~ (" .e- (~ -led, .,
H-o LJ ; 1> £: (\J...f II Y ,
G-~s Pf..ft4-.JE;
k == kc. P
J -_.~-=r:-
LIQur'1:> PI+A-.J£: .s 0 I ~ +~ \'\--. J.e r " .f 'J
k x -:::: kc. f ~
t1A-~
4. \/-.I.Y ~}L jI\;t..t I e. c ~ ( "I-r l..).(. ; j l-f
".,j,C.,hu"","c""u,",
EA-C/( To (}-.A-S ff}-,4-S e. ..&
COf1f'--tQ~ Tu use- f~,eT/A-L f'-es..r4~E:
L.., --AlAKJ -
~. -PitL
L ~ r\k~~
..;: ) k 'J = ~..==- -.!:.:-
p RT
W ~ Pr, {Ju 1'-1/to-t () I\J A- L J I to( ?,
CA-tJ PL-i1 /2:Ve..e.'i7H/NG- /}J TE::~J'-15 OF k.G-
h ~~- = ~ (CA-; -~ ---~ Kc. -
~.4i -~p; ( -r. -2;) C.4-' -CPtt I
i "+~ C.(..
~ }J£.x-r 7Jf-1c:k ¥,4-f>c.. == -;; .HAs.J TRA-,..;.JFE:R... /#E:()~/£...s.
.C!o/ll.eLA-rld}.J..J" Fo,.(.. k~;~.
-M A-Ss TR4NS fE:~ ,J.J-/z:D ~J ES : CD
I) flL- H ,/+e:-of<. y
kc.. 0( ~A-B
g
--CA (/tv~~)
/
IT l..-l ({ e» L-t L- e:: N T
rL()v-:> IN
frfE-""" L' I'\ee.-o('""
CA.C<M~. v
j(~'.e.""'+ / / /'
-1==J/f -t:' JJI\-'\ -fA ec>rd) ""IS T ;.5 e~i:£::i ~<. {:'/~ +"~ ~~ eJ'J--
-=~ »,PFt..1J'!o,.J '2>/s-rA-f'..Jc-tZ
1> -r =- t ( 1<e J ]) A- ~ J ofkf...Y5)
~ u 1"e : 1>, =f fh;c..~ljJ" 0 r / ~ ~ ;~...,y / ~ j.e-v-
C pF~tf 0 F" 0 l'Jf::. -wA-Y 1:> I FFus/c /\.j :
@
kc. > kc.' , I )(G"'\L_W"'u) {t'Zk'-"/'"
U/tt.. ~ (..~.../c,,-
L.J~LJ? IJO+h:HJ ,rc-J"J;'" af-!-t.,.- di(e~-f,(d\.-\. -t~ ~~r
(V"-rU,
-
.'2) ~ 0 -rJ LH tf-J-t::: (),(.y ~ (CriAr-JG-J AJ G- ? H-A- Sr::; S )
i"k~~: ~ ~~ ,,~\ t. ..J'A- wI X'.A
~A'L
jAD ;S:~d'-..+: 1\~~t<1 @ ~",kr~L
P~.3 .:; lJ XA
G-~s )CAi L'Q\"'{'I~
e.D~: lik(i",,~
G i 1"\4:u~t.f,..
/;JHH :l>Ot;:;5 ,HIS LOD/< L-I/<-I::::?I
P i -' t fI tt-l,. 4"\~" ,..c
~ G-~-I+'(J MC(5J -fr~~j 4, Ye.s,s+t;.~t-e t(.f -fh-e. (J)
t'",,-[wA(-e. ,'V\ eA.c-~ f k1..le... .
.:::5.:J C6y'\~ ~-tr..-f,'"", j r~ Ji ~+.s ;"\, of~ f L.e,S'~..s-=::- --
~ tJ,4 ;~ eC<.c,k p4~~ ~o wc...rd 0 r ~1JJ~d-
f,tll"""" i V'.W ~u. ,
~ .P;.5 C-<S\t\+~ I'\.c.-t ~-+a A. ~ ; A-fe.,r~~-e...
.==J EQ. (e/&..+;~ s~ ; f .
-=> (t + J1 0 r1 e ~ N 0 ...ref e,.,..r~ -1,' cM
( R.et~{1 / t4.. dJ A fh~f~ -f~ ~-I ...rYGl...("q~'~)
Hv w J> D LJ E: u.J r;;;; TI-II S Fa I<. 1> es / t!r,.J :
f} d cl 1M.. ~ J" J" -+ r A I1s.fe.r ( e..f i..f../ 4. 1'\ l'.e J ,. "" .e.. (0... c., ~
P kt" It. J -f... k-e. (e ~ ~ fro t! GO\. { -fo 5,t f
0 V ~~L- t-1 fJrS.J T I(. ,L}tJ5 rEtf- eo £. f"Pr tl ~,JT
h,c' w,.c
~A-fJS FE:::/t to / Ft2-d M -:J: JJ ;e:tl-Ffl-t£ :
CV
/c iv1te.r~ t'.e :
r == k,x (~A -.l<-A-i) -rHIZ: ff:3' A-~~
6Qur'+-L-Fro I'Y' i)'\~~c-e.. "
l).)H'Y ?
I == ti'-J ( ~~; -lj Pr ) t1Pr>f C!o!'4 SGltvl'r" 6,.j
R)'. J- k.d Cc...1/"'"~ ~~.s5 -fVI::...,Vt~~""" (I 0 ~-f.fi -e.n-f.5
j\;..,.-{-le.. Ll~;l .Jr d-~.>' f~J'..e.~J (-e.fr.e-~..f-; v'-e/.,j .
C~~ A-L56 w ~1-r(2:" ~ I TI-t 0 V ~~ALL HA-SS-
1,(A--tJSrtf- Co E FP, c.1 £ NT..
\::' K d (~- ~ A ) ~ E Q L"i I LI l3 t..llA 1-1 I
-PlvIPE: BorH S/De:5 :B> Y r K6
J- = ('JA~ -'J.t:.-)K 'J ~ -
, ..0
___l.-~:::: (J~ -j.A-t) -4:-- (j Ai -j,4-) @)
K J -~ ~ *
_..J-- -..JA -jPrc:. jA-l -.:1 AK +- ~ -
j r r
~ ~ b S ..\,' ~ '" Jr:- -e.. -f-t;r r
\ -( .j ~ ~ -j,o...~) r .I ~_.:-- : --: + 2~=-~~K~ kj. l 'fA -~A-\) ~~ ()!::-~:;;~-n /
~D... I/\. d ~~_.~: ~=_..:~.~:~._::::. <; l c f ..e ".(: e ~. L' "'-..e. := rt1
'Xpr -XA-l
\ -_.~ -\- ~.c K ~~ k}
~ ~
'<T~..s
D",e-,..~I\ JAD~~J ~:\~
(tS;">.f~V1Ce. {:\ ~ (.e's ~J+4."e...e.
(~5 ;5+~""te..
~~~~~~- @
I) L ; ~ to-' ~ J fe J i5-f'\.",~ e C ~+rl,) Is
kx L:':<::' ~5
.:::::: ) !!;.- > "7 l-
~)l kd---
I """ M k ., lev::} --- ) = I" y -() -KJ k)( VV'
.2} G--&t.5 ("eS;5-f~",l'e. (!d\i\fr./s
Vi~.e ve"'-~e,...,
Kj = R'(}
Lao k t f r~-f e.s -:Po r ...e~ c.. ~ + u S...e-e. w kc...+
d('; V:LI\j fd{,(,~ -t-o {..{S-e,
Iv( =: K ~ (JJ1.- -.* -J(+-)
A- d) Lt;Q.' b""ll
~ ba~'-f' ~.e.ed +~ kKo ~ lot ..
Pf<.E])Jr-rII'J&- 114-~s -r~ANS fe::~ C'OE:FFI ('leNTS (j)
---
k =- i ( 1> Pre:> ) ~ J u) j-A) e )
'J o\l.(.~e. d~ ~;"'~+~ L d.QMs"+'a-
f~r\el..r J~M~S"m v;s(!.o.s\,f~
ve.-lo Co ~fo
.::=::; b I H e:foJ5, c tJ L-'c:: $".f G-~ 0 u. ps
R e ~ l-1. 0 J J..s .:#: ~e.:::' P LA f t.,., .er-fl'~<J jA "1r7'$~'1. S
.$" t ~ M ; d-f -.JJ:-,. S<!. = jA -1r1'.S'~ 0 c.c..s---( ])It!> d.'++c..cj: (~
S k.e rw 00 J -:#:-: S ~ =- k(!.. 'P 1\1 It JS J,' +tc s.. cI\'\,
---.P J.A.()I-e~..(~ J;~;M
,4-8
Sh == t (Re) Sc.)
:gPr.S"G:D () jJ S'lL.-( A lioN. ..
CA-SE: I " f1l't-ss ,1<A-flJrFe:;f(.. vi r:-Low , NSIDe PI Pe-S..-- ~ (i)
4.) L-A-H/t-JA-e. fLOW
,t .l.A-G:{ ~:tI: ~ G- 1.= ~ .=; Jt. f( e S ~ !2
.) PM L f 'f L-
;r j r~ I~",-{- ~
'I3
Sh = It (P2 (G-3')
b) ~ RBl..( L-e:. iJI rL..-O W
0.1"/6.' I( )S~ == 0, D02!> Re. c:Sc. Is ~~
A... 1 to r r"" q s .s
-t r ~ 0\ ~ -fe-v-
L) V ~, : t'\ f, IJ\-\. S ..fcr ('~~ ~ ~ c... .
l) (),~ L 5;c. L: ;I,S-
o,~1 0,44
St,:;:. 0,0.23 Re Sc."
it) 1./30.( S~ « 100/ aD 0
Q,'1lg D.34{P
S'h;; b, 001 (... Re Sc.
eXtJrHPL£:: ~-d/
Re.:: /°1 00 0
\ \
:' I-=- 3/3K0; I
) 2-
..,. I ]) .:; D,).~i'C-~-< ,~I\ Prg -S
lAJt.k j i'\ ~. r
i~].,o ~'2.-°
1ST 0+ a~> ~'J~ ==?
N~..ed +1\ b e r k.t.---Flow (", F;' e l,Ao)/ Re ~ /°100 0
~C-:=:? (.s-c. = fp:.) ( R~;; ~)
LEI'; F/L-L 01.;\.( -rf-/13:. EQUI4:-f/O,J,
fJ= o?q~ I ~/"'f\~- 1 ~ I c2~s I< 10 l ~ I "J. ufJ~e- 3 1 ~ ~ =- O,OOI/:l4J-@~ ac.., L- to ~t"1 3/3 K -
f c~]@ SIP
~ fJ.e...e.J -f, C!c)rre.~-f
~-.r -r
rl<o H ~f f 8' ,"", Hc C~ b-e I S.A-t;-f~ / J- ~""rl'" Jff--::=,. =:::
)1.:=- D, 0/, c f ( X..=- /}) 1(..:- .;:2.0)
--~ =--
P 1 -.$ J~ JS c.. = £:-~~~~-.:.~- ~~~~-~ ~ I fJ-\
(O,6ollJ..'i j)(D.288'<!.M'Z..) ~p, M,5 I ~ I~
~~~~~:Jt\'-f.s C~Je. /c,
(,),3'} O.LIY .S~~ 0,023 f{e Sc
0 3'1 o. '-14::: O. Oo'l 3 ( ( 0/ 0 0 d)' (D .5" 8' 'f )
S h::; .3 /, 5)-
b '"' + $' k.=: ~ -:::) kc. =- 5k))'+13 @-
"J)A-B D
Rc..=; (31.55) (Of ..28"8 ~2.) ~ I _J_-~~---$' .<~~ ~.)'-Ic..~
.Rc..= {( 11 ~ ,
..5)
k -PPr~ q?) -])A-EL- =::) ,- --
B , k.~
'- \ SBr -;;: Q..2. 3'&' ~ --~
..s /. ~~ c.r'\'\.
.".
g -{).'loc~T-
l;J 1+ Pr 7 I F E:: -r ff-Pr rJ () L-. I ~ J Tt:::4.:D ;:>,
DA-LS == 6. I L/~ ~ 2-
I 5e-fJ\i4..14..o Ii"" ~ ; r-
."'c." "C," ,,""...
Sc::. O,DI9c.f ) I @;::- /I~(O.DO'I~~d\(O,('-fC;~"1..) /OD '
-) SC~3
O. ttl O. l/4
Sk.::. 0.0..1.3 ( !o/O()()) ( I. ICo) -= 402.-:r.-
k,.:; ~~--~:~~~_..:: C4.l.7){().J4C;-C~'L) (~\ ( ~ \c. b .5 ..2,0'\) ..l.r",c.~)
1- -/..12 t MrLt. --
.5
B -~A-~ -0 .,y ~ ~ -_.~.-T- ---
k .5 1.1-2C-Mc..
[~~~~~~~::J
CA-5E 2-', FLow Qu.-rS'DE TuBe:S PA-iA-LL-EL T~ A-x/5:--
~ tvr lD It ~ w -f' " b-e.. , ~.e. V\-'\ 1.0 r~ t\-e.. v\-lO d \..4. \ e
1;- { b W CA..I' .(. "- 4 E- E.
de.. = Y 1..J~-f-feJ Fe.r: :~+~ .=::. L~~)': ! ~
~ ) ~,(be;r""e -f~t -f .'i't... V () i d d .f,c..~~-te...r,I:aMe..f.e.,... ~"l+.'~ '
..".',1". ,",.,
i
-t- k e. ~ L{ J e V'" () J .Q ( J;-y JV-..'\ ~ ~ 0 v' e , @
CA-..se: 3; FLow NoR M A-L T~ C V LJ ~::D ~r<..s
~ ~; "V'-e (\d/,'~d.e.,,-
I) , /.3~k..=:: o,tol .ee Z 5c..
, l-Jl .fov- (Ee =- I () -/0
CAs e. 4 " FLo\.J ~ d R HAL- -rolL.{ BE & u. ~DLC-
~ V ~ (" : e S ~ L-\. -f- -h>r () l. '("" (,..~(j v ~( -f'f" cJ yY\ ~ 2- 0)
0,,-/ 0,3.1
Sk==- }..2.K tRe. St
C A-SE: 5".' FLo w PM ~ .s I N G-Le; S P HE ~E:..s-
Sh -::;> ~ ~S .(Je- ~ 0
Ii ,Re < 10 c 0 S:h .::;- 02.0 + D, b Re 5" 1
~ Q ({EE:fIN a- fLOvJ @)
l Low Re) H-; {:Jh Pe~ f-e.-f -=#. = "Re SG )
2~ ) 'IzSh =: ( if, D + 1,..21 Te-
L...) I E t+cc -I ,. V"f. .{: '/ V\-1 -+1..,' ('.. /~L-1-e J 5 -==- 'j) ,P-~
-
~~:..:-~-~ M It S'.s T I? r::Jr f\J ..s P E ,e. I N P k I (' ~ J> :8 C]) 5
() .$""8'5" ,~
Sh -= I, /-;r R.e Sc
~ ~o J W b-t..d.J wi ~ +~ l/o -4S""J~ v d; ds
~ fcr (\G (;V\d.f"i l.'~( f~("-+:c-(es.J Lt{-e D 4J ~ l&t~+e.(~.rf;c.
l.elA.j+h.
~ 0 +k..e..-r cu '("(e.-re t; ~s. ~ di -r-r-e.l"~-f- ~ ~.l;I\~
fA.)/\. d ljl-(..r' v ti J S f4 C e
-:;> &00 D tfo «. t-e '/ / 0
" , " ..""
-
@NOTE.' .PAC-K£]) 'B £:1)5 C!rl Ve; t-r u~H .6'£7TE:1f{,
Sh -r1f,4 N SIN G-LE"" S fJ.J.e ~ e:.s,
:-
C1t-5E. 7-: MI'rJ.J TI2.4-t\/.sPE~ /0 5t{51'1;;::IJD~D P/}-1.7/CLc5---
-7 LA J~ +-er M : jl\A..( ve/o (!. i-l d -lo d -e..-f Re .
~ +h~s J;Y'lJ L,\1brSe cc...Je SC~L-tCt.ri'C
kc ~ kCT: 1/.
--
C,+Se; 8": M,4-s.J -rlA NJ F£t.R- 76 ])Ro P..s if- BL(B BL£:S--
~- -::p £: t.J e::-r R A -r /0 I\J T,LJ-e:: 0 ,e y
'1 )/2.-S~= 1,/1 (j?e z.~t
---~
fie x-r "1i 1-1 e; It- ..E5tf~Be:.R-.s
,,",," "" ,",,"c.