ระบบหัวกระจายน้ำดับเพลิง Springkler System

8/14/2019 Springkler System

1/114

SPRINKLER SYSTEM


2/114

Laboratory Approvals

AGENCYAGENCY STANDARDSTANDARD

UL & c-UL (ULC) NFPA & UL Requirements

FM FM Requirements(NFPA = minimum)

LPC LPC StandardVDS VDS Standard

NYC & LA Specific City approvals


3/114

NFPA

o 1. NFPA 13 Standard for the installation of sprinkler system.

o 2. NFPA 14 Standard for the installation of standpipe andhose systems.

o 3. NFPA 20 Standard for the installation of stationary pumpsfor fire protection

o 4. NFPA 25 Standard for the inspection, testing, andmaintenance of water base fire protection systems.

o 5. NFPA 72 National fire alarm code


4/114

WET PIPE SYSTEM (,)

DRY PIPE SYSTEM (,)

DELUGE SYSTEM (,)

PREACTION SYSTEM (,)


5/114

1. ( Control Valve )

2. ( Sprinkler Head )

3. Supervisory Switch

4. Water Motor Alarm Gong

5. Pressure Guage

6. Service Valve / Block Valve with position

Supervisory Switch


6/114

WET PIPE SYSTEM


7/114

WET PIPE SYSTEM


8/114

DRY PIPE SYSTEM


9/114

DRY PIPE SYSTEM


10/114

DELUGE SYSTEM


11/114

DELUGE SYSTEM


12/114

DELUGE SYSTEM


13/114

PREACTION SYSTEM


14/114

PREACTION SYSTEM


15/114

( Sprinkler Head )


16/114

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTIONThe components that make up a sprinkler head are:

Frame or casting

Deflector

Fusible element or frangible bulb

Pip CapPintle Screw

Belleville Spring

Viking Sprinklers utilize low zinc content brass to

provide a more resilient frame or casting. This low

zinc content protects the sprinkler from de-

zincification.

The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the

sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism

allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure

is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.


17/114

155F 175F 200or212F 286F 360F 500F(68C) (79C) (93or100C) (141C) (182C) (260C)

Ordinary Intermediate High Extra UltraHigh High

Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max Ceil Max Ceil Max Ceil

Temp Temp Temp Temp Temp100F 150F 225F 300F 465F(38C) (65C) (107C) (149C) (240C)

Red Yellow Green Blue Mauve Black

Standard Response Elements 5 mm bulb


18/114

155F 175F 200or212F 286F

(68C) (79C) (93or100C) (141C)

Ordinary Intermediate High

Max Ceil Max Ceiling Max CeilTemp Temp Temp100F 150F 225F

(38C) (65C) (107C)

Red Yellow Green Blue

Fast Response Elements 3 mm bulb


19/114

Control Mode Standard Response and Quick Response

Standard Coverage

Upright

Pendent

Sidewall

Extended Coverage

Upright

Pendent

Sidewall

Control Mode Special Application

Large Drop Sprinkler Suppression

ESFR upright and Pendent Residential

Type of Sprinkler Heads


20/114

Control Mode Sprinklers

Control Mode Sprinklers are separated in the following

Categories:Standard Coverage - Standard Response

Standard Coverage - Quick Response

Extended Coverage Standard Response

Extended Coverage Quick Response

Dry Barrel Standard Response/Quick Response

Storage Standard/Quick Response


21/114


22/114

QUICK RESPONSE & EXTENDED


23/114

QUICK RESPONSE & EXTENDED

COVERAGE SPRINKLER


24/114


25/114

FUSIBLE LINK SPRINKLER


26/114

STORAGE APPLICATION


27/114

STORAGE APPLICATION

SPRINKLER


28/114


29/114

DRY PIPE SPRINKLER


30/114

Basic Requirements

The requirements for spacing, location, and position of

sprinklers shall be based on the following principles :

(1) Sprinklers shall be installed throughout the building.

(2) Sprinklers shall be located not to exceed maximum protection

area per sprinkler.(3) Sprinklers shall be positioned and located to provide satisfactory

performance with respect to activation time and distribution.

(4) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted fromareas specifically allowed by this standard.


31/114

Basic Requirements

The requirements for spacing, location, and position of

sprinklers shall be based on the following principles :

(5) When sprinklers are specifically tested and test results demonstrate

that deviations from clearance requirements to structural members

do not impair the ability of the sprinkler to control or suppress a fire,their positioning and locating in accordance with the test results shall

be permitted.

(6) Clearance between sprinklers and ceilings exceeding the maximumsspecified in this standard shall be permitted provided that tests or

calculations demonstrate comparable sensitivity and performance of

the sprinklers to those installed in conformance with these sections.


32/114

System Protection Area Limitations

The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected by sprinklers

supplied by any one sprinkler system riser or combined system riser shall

be as follows:

(1) Light hazard = 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)

(2) Ordinary hazard = 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)

(3) Extra hazard

(a) Pipe schedule = 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2)

(b) Hydraulically calculated = 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)

(4) Storage High-piled storage = 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)

and storage covered

by other NFPA standards


33/114


34/114

Light Hazard Occupancies


35/114

Educational

Hospitals Institutional

Libraries, exceptlarge stack rooms

Museums

Nursing or convalescenthomes

Offices, including dataprocessing

Residential

Restaurant seating areas

Theaters andauditoriums, excluding

stages and prosceniums

Light Hazard Occupancies

Educational



Museums



Residential




Educational



Museums



Residential





36/114

1

Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)


37/114


Electronic plants

Glass and glass

products

manufacturing

Laundries

Restaurant service

areas

Automobile parkingand showrooms

Bakeries

Beveragemanufacturing

Canneries

Dairy productsmanufacturing and

processing


38/114

2



39/114


Confectionery products

Distilleries

Dry cleaners

Feed mills

Leather goods

manufacturing

Libraries - large stackroom areas

Machine shops

Mercantile

Paper and pulp mills

Paper process plants

Post offices

Printing andpublishing

Repair garages Textile manufacturing

Tire manufacturing

Wood productassembly

and etc.


40/114

1

Extra Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)


41/114


Printing [using inkshaving flash points

below 100F (38C)]

Rubber reclaiming,

compounding, drying,milling, vulcanizing

Saw mills

Aircraft hangars

Combustible hydraulicfluid use areas

Die casting

Metal extruding

Plywood and particleboard manufacturing

Upholstering withplastic foams


42/114

2



43/114


Open oil quenching

Plastics processing

Solvent cleaning

Varnish and paintdipping

Asphalt saturating

Flammable liquidsspraying

Manufactured home ormodular building

assemblies (wherefinished enclosure is

present and has

combustible interiors)

Storage 3,7 Metres in Height and Less


44/114

g g

(Miscellaneous Storage)

Curve 1 Light Hazard Occupancy

Curve 2 Ordinary Hazard Group 1


Curve 4 Extra Hazard Group 1


TREE SPRINKLER SYSTEM


45/114

TREE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

LOOPED SPRINKLER SYSTEM


46/114

LOOPED SPRINKLER SYSTEM

GRIDDED SPRINKLER SYSTEM


47/114

GRIDDED SPRINKLER SYSTEM


48/114

(Sprinkler System For Storage Warehouse)

Initial Considerations


49/114

Initial Considerations

Determining commodity classification

Identifying storage arrangements

Storage height & clearance

Automatic Sprinklers for Storage Protection

NFPA 13-2002, Chapter 12

Some Storage Hazards not addressed


50/114

Some Storage Hazards not addressed

by NFPA 13

Sloped Ceilings

Shelf Storage over 15 (4.57 m)

Rack Storage of Exposed Expanded Plastics

Rack Storage of Plastics with Control Mode Density/Area

Sprinklers with Clearance greater than 10

Open top five sided combustible containers

Methods Of Storage


51/114

g

Storage can be broken up in (4) categories:

Idle Pallet Storage

Storage 3,7 metres in height and less miscellaneous storage

Storage greater than 3,7 metres in height high piled storage

Special Storage Designs prescriptive designs for non-commodity

based storage

Warehouse Storage


52/114

1. Determine if miscellaneous storage or high piled storage

Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous or Classification of commodity if high piled

storage.

Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this occupancy or commodity.

Building height

Storage height

Will the commodity be stored on racks.After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required

protection.

Standard spray standard response sprinklers

ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast

Response (ESFR)

NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler,

building height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for

different storage occupancies.



53/114


Storage limited in height to 3,7 metres generally is storage used for the production of

goods or is considered miscellaneous storage. This would indicate that the facility is

not primarily a storage warehouse. This storage is covered by the occupancy classes

in NFPA 13.

3,7 m or less

Rack Storage Palletized Storage

Warehouse Storage


54/114


2. Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous Classification of commodity

if high piled storage.

Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this occupancy or commodity.Building height

Storage height

Will the commodity be stored on racks.

After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required

protection.


ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast

Response (ESFR)

NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler, building

height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for different

storage occupancies.


(Mi ll St )


55/114


Class l and ll Commodities - Curves 2 and 3

Class lll Commodities Curve 3

Class lV Commodities Curve 3 and 4

Group A Plastics Curves 3, 4, and 5Miscellaneous Tire Storage Curves 3, 4, and 5

Table 12.1.10.1.1

from the 2002 Edition

of NFPA 13. Storage

heights and storage

method dictate which

curve to utilize



56/114







Warehouse Storage


57/114


2. Determine Occupancy hazard if miscellaneous

3. Classification of commodity if high piled storage.

Apply the applicable standards of NFPA 13 requirements for this

occupancy or commodity.

Building height

Storage height

Will the commodity be stored on racks.After these questions are answered a sprinkler head can be selected to meet the required protection.


ELO Sprinkler heads, High Challenge Large Drop ,Early Suppression Fast Response

(ESFR)

NFPA 13 Chapter 12 covers storage protection by class of commodity, type of sprinkler, building

height, storage height. The charts in chapter 12 provide water supply requirements for different

storage occupancies.

Storage Greater than 3,7 Metres in Height

(High Piled Storage)


58/114


Protection approaches for High Piled Storage are based on a facility thats primary use is

for storage. High Piled storage can be divided by its storage method as well as the

product types being stored. Bulk or Palletized Storage, and Rack Storage are storage

methods. Commodities Classes l through IV, Group A Plastics, Rubber Tires, and

Rolled Paper Storage are Storage product types.

Commodity Classification


59/114

Commodity Classification

How will the product burn

How will the burning product respond to the application

of sprinkler discharge

Plastic CupPaper Cup

Styrofoam Cup

CLASS I Commodity


60/114

Test Commodity

Metal-lined cardboard cartons on wood pallets

Examples:

Alcoholic Beverages Cartoned or

uncartoned

Up to 20 percent alcohol in metal,

glass, or ceramic containers

Canned Foods In ordinary cartons

Frozen Foods Non-waxed, non-plastic

packaging

Plastic Containers

Noncombustible liquids or semi

liquids in plastic containers less than

5 gal (18.9 L) capacity

CLASS II Commodity


61/114

Examples:

Alcoholic Beverages

Up to 20 percent alcohol in wood

containers

Frozen Foods Waxed-paper containers,

cartoned

Plastic Containers

Noncombustible liquids or

semiliquids (such as ketchup) in

plastic containers with nominal wall

thickness of 14 in. (6.4 mm) or less

and larger than 5 gal (18.9 L)

capacity

Test Commodity

Metal-lined double tri-wall corrugated

carton on a wood pallet

CLASS III Commodity


62/114

Test Commodity

Paper cups in compartmented cardboard

cartons on wood pallets

Examples:

Aerosols Cartoned or uncartoned - Level 1

Frozen Foods - Plastic trays

Paper Products

Books, magazines, stationery, plastic-

coated paper food containers,

newspapers, cardboard games, cartoned

tissue products

PVC (polyvinyl chloride)

Flexible (e.g., cable jackets, plasticized

sheets)

Rigid (e.g., pipe, pipe fittings)

Bagged resins

CLASS IV Commodity


63/114

Test Commodity

A mixture of paper and plastic cups

(5 - 15 % by weight & 5 - 25 % by volume) on

wood pallets.

Examples:

Liquor -100 proof or less, 1 gal (3.8 L) or

less, cartoned

Glass (palletized)

Plastic bottles

Diapers

Disposable with plastics and non-

woven fabric (in cartons)

Paints - Friction-top cans, cartoned

Oil based

Plastics


64/114

Plastic Types

Group A - most severe hazard

Group B - similar to Class IV commodities

Group C - similar to Class III commodities

Plastic materials

Cartoned vs. Uncartoned (Exposed)

Expanded vs. Unexpanded

Unexpanded Group A Plastics


65/114

Test Commodity

16-oz Polystyrene Plastic Jars in compartmented cardboard cartons

Expanded Group A Plastics


66/114

Test Commodity

Expanded Polystyrene Trays Exposed

Storing Materials on Plastic Pallets


67/114

One class upgrade for un-reinforced

plastic pallets

Class II -> Class III

Class IV -> Group A Plastics

Two class upgrade for reinforced plastic

pallets

Class II -> Class IV

Class IV -> Group A Plastics

Plastic Pallet Types


68/114

Un-reinforced plastic pallets

Melt fairly easily in a fire and are less of a fire challenge

Material

Polypropylene

high-density polyethylene

Reinforced plastic pallets

Hold their structure and integrity longer allowing air gaps

to remain longer within the pallet, which fuels the flames

and creates a more intense fire

Material

Polypropylene

high-density polyethylene

Classification by Listing

Encapsulation

Plastic sheet completely enclosing


69/114

Plastic sheet completely enclosing

the sides and top of a pallet load

containing a combustible

commodity

Combustible commodities

individually wrapped in plastic

sheeting and stored exposed in a

pallet load

Where there are holes or voids inthe plastic on the top of the carton

that exceed more than half of the

area of the cover, the term

encapsulateddoes not apply

Mixed Commodities


70/114

Mixed commodity storage protected using highest

classified commodity & storage arrangement.

The protection requirements for the lower commodity

may be used when:

No more than 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard

commodity in area > 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2) &

Higher hazard commodity is randomly dispersed

with no adjacent loads in any direction (including

diagonally) &

Where the ceiling protection is based on Class I -

II commodities, the allowable number of pallet

loads for Class IV or Group A plastics is reduced

to five.

Other Types of Commodities


71/114

Baled Cotton

Rubber Tire

Idle Pallet

Rolled Paper

Aisles


72/114

The clear space normally maintained between commodities

stored in racks or on the floor for the transfer of commodities

to or from the rack or storage pile.

Flue Spaces The open spaces between rows of storage.


73/114

Rack Storage

Longitudinal flue spaces are perpendicular to the direction of loading

Transverse flue spaces are parallel to the direction of loading

Solid-piled & palletized storage

Vertical flue spaces may run in either direction

Array

Closed Array A storage


74/114

Closed Array. A storage

arrangement where air movement

through the pile is restricted

because of 6-in. (152-mm) or less

vertical flues.

Open Array. A storage

arrangement where air movement

through the pile is enhanced

because of vertical flues larger

than 6 in. (152 mm).

Pile Stability


75/114

Unstable Piles : Arrays wherecollapse, spillage of contents, or

leaning of stacks across flue

spaces occurs soon after initial fire

development.

Stable Piles : Arrays wherecollapse, spillage of content, or

leaning of stacks across flue spaces

is not likely to occur soon after

initial fire development.

Storage Arrangements


76/114

Miscellaneous Storage

Idle Pallet Storage

Solid Pile Storage

Palletized Pile Storage

Rack Storage

Miscellaneous Storage


77/114

Storage must be incidental

to another occupancy use

group.

Idle Pallet Storage


78/114

Wood Pallets Plastic Pallets

Solid-Pile, Palletized, Bin Box & Shelf Storage


79/114

Palletized StorageSolid Pile Storage

Solid-Pile, Palletized, Bin Box & Shelf Storage


80/114

Shelf Storage. Storage on

structures less than 30 (76.2

cm) deep with shelves usually 2

(0.6 m) apart vertically and

separated by approximately 30

(76.2-cm) aisles.

Shelf Storage

Rack Storage - Single-Row Rack


81/114

Racks that have no

longitudinal flue space and

that have a width up to 6 ft(1.8 m) with aisles at least

3.5 ft (1.1 m) from other

storage.

Rack Storage - Double-Row Rack


82/114

Two single-row racks placed back-to-back having a

combined width up to 12 ft (3.7 m), with aisles at least

3.5 ft (1.1 m) on each side.

Rack Storage - Multiple-Row Rack


83/114

Racks greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) wide or single- or

double-row racks separated by aisles less than 3.5 ft

(1.1 m) wide having an overall width greater than 12

ft (3.7 m).

Movable Racks & Portable Racks


84/114

Movable Rack Portable Rack Portable Rack

Solid Shelving Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh or other type of shelves located within racks.


85/114

The area of a solid shelf is defined by perimeter aisle or flue space on all four sides.

Solid shelves having an area equal to or less than 20 sq. ft. are open racks.

Shelves of wire mesh, slates, or other materials more than 50 % open, where the flue

spaces are maintained are open racks.

Idle Pallet Storage

Pallets not being used and are stored 2 metres high and either stored


86/114

on the floor or in racks are idle pallets. The most prevalent type of

pallet is a standard wood pallet and a reinforced plastic pallet.

Standard Wood Pallets Reinforced Plastic Pallets

Idle Pallet Storage


87/114

It is encouraged to store idle pallets outdoors. If the pallets must be

stored indoors, their storage is limited in height and pile size.

Pallet piles should only be in groups of 4 pallets and the groups of

pallets should not be stored closer than 1.4 metres to each other.

Where idle pallets are stored near commodity storage, the idlepallets should not be stored closer than 7,6 metre to the

commodity.

Pallets are designed to burn, as there are small members that make up

the pallet that ignite easily. The openings in the pallets allow great

air movement and draw the fire up the pile.


(Miscellaneour Storage)


88/114

Storage limited in height to 3,7 metres generally is storage used for the

production of goods or is considered miscellaneous storage. This would

indicate that the facility is not primarily a storage warehouse. This storage

is covered by the occupancy classes in NFPA 13.

3,7 m or less

Rack Storage Palletized Storage


(Mi ll St )


89/114


Class l and ll Commodities - Curves 2 and 3

Class lll Commodities Curve 3

Class lV Commodities Curve 3 and 4

Group A Plastics Curves 3, 4, and 5

Miscellaneous Tire Storage Curves 3, 4, and 5

Table 12.1.10.1.1 from the

2002 Edition of NFPA 13.

Storage heights and storage

method dictate whichcurve to utilize


(Mi ll St )


90/114





Curve 4 Extra Hazard Group 1Curve 5 Extra Hazard Group 2

Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permitted in all occupancy hazard classifications and

building construction types

Classification of Occupancies


91/114

building construction types.

5.1* Classification of Occupancies.

5.1.1 Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water

supply requirements only.5.1.2 Occupancy classifications shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards.

5.2* Light Hazard Occupancies.

Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the

quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are

expected.

Examples : Churches, Clubs, Hospitals, Museums, Offices, Restaurant Seating Areas

5.3.1* Ordinary Hazard (Group 1).

Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies

where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not

exceed 2.4 m, and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected.Examples :Restaurant Service Areas, Bakeries, Automobile Parking and Showrooms, Laundrie

5.3.2* Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies

or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high

Classification of Occupancies - Continued


92/114

or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high,stockpiles do not exceed 3.7 m, and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected.

Examples : Dry Cleaners, Horse Stables, Machine Shops, Library, Stack Rooms, Mercantile,

Confectionary Products

5.4.1* Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or

portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are very high and dust,

lint, or other materials are present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates

of heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids.

Examples : Combustible Hydraulic Fluid Use Areas, Metal Extruding, Saw Mills, Upholstering

with Plastic Foams, Rubber Reclaiming

5.4.2* Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies orportions of other occupancies with moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids

or occupancies where shielding of combustibles is extensive.

Examples: Flammable Liquids Spraying, Open Oil Quenching, Plastics Processing, Solvent

Cleaning, Varnish and Paint Dipping

Storage Grater than 3,7 Metres in Height



93/114


Protection approaches for High Piled Storage are based on a facility thats primary

use is for storage. High Piled storage can be divided by its storage method aswell as the product types being stored. Bulk or Palletized Storage, and Rack

Storage are storage methods. Commodities Classes l through IV, Group A

Plastics, Rubber Tires, and Rolled Paper Storage are Storage product types.

Class I

5 6 3 1* A Class I commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that meets one of

Classification of Commodities


94/114

5.6.3.1 A Class I commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that meets one of

the following criteria:

(1) Placed directly on wooden pallets

(2) Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with or without single-thickness cardboard

dividers, with or without pallets

(3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets

Examples :Bagged Cement, Metal File Cabinets, Wire, Appliances

Class ll

5.6.3.2* Class II. A Class II commodity shall be defined as a noncombustible product that is

in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple-layered corrugated cartons, or

equivalent combustible packaging material, with or without pallets.

Examples : Boxes, Baled Leather Hides, Pharmaceauticals, Cartoned Light Fixtures(non-plastic)

Classification of Commodities (Continued)

Class lll


95/114

Class lll

5.6.3.3.1 A Class III commodity shall be defined as a product fashioned from wood, paper,

natural fibers, or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes, or crates and with or

without pallets.

5.6.3.3.2 A Class III commodity shall be permitted to contain a limited amount (5 percent by

weight or volume or less) of Group A or Group B plastics.

Examples : Wood Furniture, Natural Fiber Cloth, Diapers, Packaged Cartoned

Dried Foods


Class IV


96/114

Class IV

5.6.3.4.1 A Class IV commodity shall be defined as a product, with or without pallets, that meets one of the

following criteria:

(1) Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics(2) Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials

(3) Contains within itself or its packaging an appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent by weight or 5

percent to 25 percent by volume) of Group A plastics

5.6.3.4.2 The remaining materials shall be permitted to be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, or

Group B or Group C plastics.

EXAMPLES:Blocks of Natural Rubberin cartons, Vinyl Floor Covering, Nail Polish- 30 to 60 ml,

Lightweight Rolled Paper in racks

5.6.4* Classification of Plastics,

Elastomers, and Rubber. Plastics, elastomers, and rubber shall be classified as Group A, Group B, or

Group C.

5.6.4.1* Group A. The following materials shall be classified as Group A:

(1) ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)

(2) Acetal (polyformaldehyde)

Classification of Commodities (Continued) - Plastic


97/114

p y y

(3) Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate)

(4) Butyl rubber

(5) EPDM (ethylene-propylene rubber)

(6) FRP (fiberglass-reinforced polyester)

(7) Natural rubber (if expanded)

(8) Nitrile-rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene-rubber)

(9) PET (thermoplastic polyester)

(10) Polybutadiene

(11) Polycarbonate

(12) Polyester elastomer

(13) Polyethylene

(14) Polypropylene

(15) Polystyrene

(16) Polyurethane

(17) PVC (polyvinyl chloride highly plasticized, with plasticizer content greater than 20 percent) (rarely found)

(18) SAN (styrene acrylonitrile)

(19) SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)

Classification of Commodities (Continued) - Plastic

5.6.4.2 Group B. The following materials shall be classified as Group B:

(1) Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose)


98/114

(2) Chloroprene rubber

(3) Fluoroplastics (ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene copolymer; ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-

copolymer; FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer)

(4) Natural rubber (not expanded)

(5) Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6)

(6) Silicone rubber

5.6.4.3 Group C. The following materials shall be classified as Group C:

(1) Fluoroplastics (PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene)

(2) Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)

(3) Phenolic

(4) PVC (polyvinyl chloride flexible PVCs with plasticizer content up to 20 percent)

(5) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)

(6) PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)

(7) PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)

(8) Urea (urea formaldehyde)


5.6.5* Classification of Rolled Paper Storage. For the purposes of this standard, the classifications of paper

d ib d i 5 6 5 1 th h 5 6 5 4 h ll l d h ll b d t d t i th i kl t d i


99/114

described in 5.6.5.1 through 5.6.5.4 shall apply and shall be used to determine the sprinkler system design

criteria.

5.6.5.1 Heavyweight Class. Heavyweight class shall be defined so as to include paperboard and paper stock

having a basis weight per 92.9 m of 9.1 kg.

5.6.5.2 Mediumweight Class. Mediumweight class shall be defined so as to include all the broad range of

papers having a basis weight per 92.9 m of 4.5 kg to 9.1 kg.

5.6.5.3 Lightweight Class. Lightweight class shall be defined so as to include all papers having a basis weight

per 92.9 m of 4.5 kg.

5.6.5.4 Tissue.

5.6.5.4.1 Tissue shall be defined so as to include the broad range of papers of characteristic gauzy texture,which, in some cases, are fairly transparent.

5.6.5.4.2 For the purposes of this standard, tissue shall be defined as the soft, absorbent type, regardless of

basis weight specifically, crepe wadding and the sanitary class including facial tissue, paper napkins,

bathroom tissue, and toweling.


100/114

In-Rack Sprinklers

(also known as intermediate level sprinklers)

In-Rack Sprinklers

Generally, when storage exceeds 25-0 in racks and control mode


101/114

sprinklers are utilized, levels of in-rack sprinklers are within the rack

structure.

In-rack sprinklers require water shields to protect their operating

elements from the ceiling sprinklers. Water shields are required to be

a minimum of 3 in diameter.

In-rack sprinklers are intermediate level sprinklers, as there is at

least one level of sprinklers above them.

In-Rack Sprinkler


102/114

In Rack Sprinkler

With Water Shield

Control Mode

Sprinklers

In-Rack Sprinklers

In-rack sprinklers are typically have k factors of 5.6 and 8.0, but in


103/114

p yp y ,some cases are as large as 11.2.

In-rack sprinklers are usually located in the longitudinal flue space

of the rack, but can be located at the face of the rack loading

entrance and can be located within the storage space within the rack.

Rack structures with solid barriers require levels of in-rack

sprinklers above the storage where the solid barriers exist.

Storage Suppression Sprinkler

(Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR))


104/114

ESFR Sprinklers

ESFR Sprinklers were developed by Factory Mutual in the early 1980s.

ESFR i kl i i kl i th t f i kl


105/114

ESFR sprinklers are suppression sprinklers meaning these type of sprinklers

are designed not to control a fire, but to suppress the fire.

ESFR sprinklers in standard commodity storage, such as Class l, Class ll,

Class lll, Class lV, commodities and plastic commodities, can eliminate in-rack

sprinklers. ESFR sprinklers are limited to wet type sprinkler systems andmust be installed in buildings that have flat ceilings or roofs. Flat ceilings are

defined as roof pitches no greater than 2 inches in 12 inches.

In-Rack Sprinkler


106/114

pWith Water Shield

Control Mode

Sprinklers


107/114

ESFR SprinklersEliminate In-Rack

Sprinklers in most

Cases

Control Mode Specific Application

Sprinkler (Large Drop Sprinkler)


108/114

Sprinkler (Large Drop Sprinkler)

Control Mode specific application sprinklers are also known asLarge Drop Sprinklers. Large Drop sprinklers were the first

special storage sprinklers. Large Drop sprinkler design is notarea/density, but rather a prescriptive design of a number of

sprinklers designed to operate at a minimum water pressure.


109/114


110/114


111/114


112/114


113/114


114/114

Documents

ระบบหัวกระจายน้ำดับเพลิง Springkler System