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© T. M. Whitmore
Today: The historical development of the region geo-politically and industrially
•Historical development of Russian Empire
•USSR (the Soviet Union) 1921 - 1989
•Industrial development & its geography
© T. M. Whitmore
Last time•Region defined (ex-USSR sans C.
Asia)
•Huge expanse – very north
•Environmental constraints to development
•Key resources: oil, gas
© T. M. Whitmore
Historical development of the Russian Empire
•Early Slavic state – 800 AD•Invasion of Genghis Kahn and
Tartars 1240 AD•Rise of Muscovy and the Ivans •Great Russian imperial expansion
1500 – 1815•Additions 1815 – 1917
1300-1450
1450-15001500-1800
1500-1800
1800s
Russian Peasant Girlshttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/Church of the Resurrection in Kostroma in the northern part of European Russia
The Emir of Bukharahttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/A merchant at the Samarkand market
Nomadic Kazakhs on the Steppe
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Dagestani Couple
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Russian Settlers in the Borderlands
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Turkmen Camel Driver
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Hay Harvesthttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
© T. M. Whitmore
Outcomes of Russian imperialism/colonialism
• 400+ yrs of territorial expansion/conquest/colonialism!
• Coincides with W European age of colonization
• By 1900 Russia largest contiguous empire on earth But,
• Huge pop ~ 130 m, but only 50% Russian• Static and backward economy• Held together by force, the RR, and thin
wedge of Russian settlement
Trans-Siberian Railway1861-1916
Human Footprint (SEDAC)
© T. M. Whitmore
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR 1921 - 1989)•Russian Revolution and fall of
Tsarist Empire (1917-1920)•15 so-called “independent”
Soviet Socialist Republics (SSRs) •Russian SSR has 21 internal
“Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics”
•Most SSRs and ASSRs are different “nations” (ethnicities)
•Centripetal forces within USSR
© T. M. Whitmore
USSR (1921 - 1989)
•Forces of devolutionPoor economyPoor agricultureEthnic & civil divisionsCold war and Afghanistan
© T. M. Whitmore
Collapse of USSR 1989
•Margins pull out
•Russian minorities in former SSRS
•Futures of Russia and its Neighbors
© T. M. Whitmore
Industrial development & its geography
•Role of Stalinist - soviet style central planning
•Role of WW II
•Role of Cold War arms race
•Industrial regions in former USSR (not just Russia)
•Role of breakup of former USSR
© T. M. Whitmore
Futures
•Economic problems
•Ethnic strife internally and on borders
•External challenges & losses
•Internal social problems