Chapter 8 – Normalcy and Good Times

Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1908)

William Howard Taft (1908-1912)

Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920)

Remember the Progressive Presidents?

Review of America after World War I (Ch 7.)

◦ Nativism – a strong preference for Native born Americans led to discrimination against recent immigrants – (even though all except Native Americans were immigrants)

◦ Women’s Suffrage – The 19th Amendment (ratified in 1920) completely changed the way that women perceived themselves and acted.

◦ Prohibition – The 18th Amendment (ratified in 1919) didn’t stop folks from drinking...instead good people began to have a contempt for the law (speakeasies, boozing. gambling, and prostitution)

◦ Fundamentalists vs Science (Scopes Trial)

◦ Big City Liberalism vs Small Town Conservativism (Drummond v Brady)

◦ Harlem Renaissance – Urban African Americans create a culture and gain pride

Normalcy and Good Times

How People Lived in the 20’s (7 min)

Warren G. Harding (1920 – 1923)

Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)

Herbert Hoover (1928 – 1932)

Presidential Politics of the 1920’s

Warren G. Harding (1920 – 1923)

Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)

Herbert Hoover (1928 – 1932)

“Do Nothing” Presidents of the 1920’sThese 3 guys believed in Laissez Faire economics

In your book find the definition of lassiez-faire economics…

◦ Write the definition from the book.◦ Write the definition in your own words.◦ Make a political cartoon (stick figures okay) of lassiez-faire economics happening today.

Define…

These 3 guys believed in Laissez Faire economics-

◦ Laissez faire economics means that the government stays out of the economy and doesn’t concern itself with “bail-outs, welfare, unemployment insurance, scholarships for low-income students, disabled bathroom facilities, handicapped ramps, etc…

“Do Nothing” Presidents of the 1920’s

2 sentence minimum

Do we still practice Laissez Faire economics today?◦ Think of the bank bailouts, financial regulation,

etc.

Quickwrite…

The 1920’s (4 min) Aka - The Roaring 20’s, The Jazz Age

Science and Technology in the 20’s (7 min)

Presidential Politics (pgs 445-448)

President Experience/ Background

Notable acts or achievements while in office

Curious or trivial fact about the man

Harding(1920 – 1923)

Coolidge(1923 – 1928)

Hoover(1928 – 1932)

After rejecting the Treaty of Versailles and the interventionist policies of Democrat Woodrow Wilson…

America turned to Republican Warren Harding in the election of 1920…

Harding campaigned on the slogan “Return to Normalcy” (after the WWI years).

Warren Harding - 1920 - 1923

Harding appointed several friends and close associates to key positions in his administration…◦ Many of these “friends” took advantage of their

positions and used inside information to make money for themselves.

◦ Harding’s presidency is known as one of the most corrupt in the nation’s history.

◦ In 1923 Harding became the 6th president to die in office.

Scandal in the Harding Administration

President Warren G. Harding -1920 – 1923

As President Calvin Coolidge distanced himself from the corruptness of Harding and restored confidence and trust to the Presidency.

Vice President Calvin Coolidge Takes Over

Fired the corrupt advisors of the Harding administration.◦ Favored small government.◦ Favored business interests.

Calvin Coolidge

President Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)

The American Economy grew to record levels during the administrations of Harding and Coolidge, but the Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression are just around the corner.

A Growing Economy

Under Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon the government implemented policies that helped the stock market boom

Mellon’s Goals◦ Balance the budget◦ Reduce the government’s debt◦ Cut taxes

U.S. govt. budget fell from $6.4 billion to $3 billion in just seven years

Andrew Mellon

Big expense on budget is national debt◦ WWI debt went from $5.7 billion to $26

billion◦ Mellon’s policies – Supply Side Economics

High taxes actually reduced amount of money the government brought in – if business and individuals paid less taxes they would have more money to spend

This would actually earn more money in tax revenue for the government

◦ Able to convince Congress to drastically reduce tax rates

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of Commerce under Calvin Coolidge

Cooperative Individualism◦ encouraged manufacturers and distributors to

form their own trade associations – eventually share this info with the govt. Believed this would increase economic efficiency

Herbert Hoover

President Harding declared the U.S. involvement in the League of Nations “deceased”

Americans tired of being involved internationally (Europe) favored “isolationism”

U.S. too important economically to not be involved

Total isolation was impossible

Isolationism

Europe in trouble – can’t pay back all of their war debt

U.S. had high tariffs on European goods Europe wanted U.S. to bear more of a

financial burden for the war U.S. didn’t want tax payers to assume debt

of other nations Germany was also paying back $33 billion

◦ Crippling the German economy

The Dawes Plan

Charles G. Dawes – American Banker/Diplomat Negotiated and agreement with France,

Britain, and Germany where American Banks would loan German’s money◦ Britain and France would accept less and Germany

would begin to pay money back Plan worked a little bit – didn’t solve major

problems◦ Germany paid some money back – not all◦ Printed lots of money – Hyperinflation◦ Went deeper into debt

The Dawes Plan

Think about the U.S.isolationist policiesand the Dawes plan;how do they apply to

the cartoon?

3 sentence minimum

Number 1-5 in your notes Write down the letter and the letter (you

don’t have to write the question or the answer)

Stop whining… you’re not being graded

POP QUIZ

What organization was formed in the 1920s to ensure that the individual rights of citizens were protected from government abuse?

A House Un-American Activities Committee

B American Civil Liberties UnionC American Liberty LeagueD United Services Organization

Why did the number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rise by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920?

A The Nineteenth Amendment gave millions of women the right to vote.

B The people were excited about voting on the issue of Prohibition.

C Demobilization of the military released millions of men for voting.

D Warren G. Harding’s call for “normalcy” energized the voters.

Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common?

A They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement.

B They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet.

C They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

D They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

The primary objective of Harlem Renaissance writers was to

A encourage militant protest among African Americans.

B support educational programs for African Americans.

C improve literacy rates among African Americans.

D generate pride in African-American culture.

Which of these was an outgrowth of mass production techniques used during the 1920s?

A an increase in the advertising industryB a decrease in the need for female

workersC an increase in environmental

protection lawsD a decrease in demand for unionization

Chapter 8.2◦ Define in your own words:

Mass production Assembly line Welfare Capitalism Open Shop

◦ Read Chapter 8.2 and answer questions 2-5 on page 455 Chapter 8.3

◦ Define in your own words: Supply-side economics Cooperative individualism Isolationism The Washington Conference and Kellogg-Briand Pact moratorium

◦ Read Chapter 8.3 and answer questions 3 and 4 on page 459

8.2 and 8.3 Assignment…due Fri.