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The cell cycle is divided into three stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. During the cell cycle, a parent cell divides into two cells. The new cells are identical to the parent cell.

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Why do cells divide?

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DNA- The genetic material in cells that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits. DNA contains the instructions for an organisms growth, development, and activities. Chromatin- A complex material consisting of DNA and proteins Chromatid- Two identical structures that develop after a chromosome duplicates. Centromere- Holds the chromatids together.

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5 5 Mitosis Mitosis- The part of the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis because they do not have a nucleus Mitosis results in two identical nuclei that are identical to the original nucleus At the end of Mitosis, the cell has two identical sets of chromosomes intwo separate nuclei.

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The Phases of Mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis

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The part of the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing During Interphase, the cell grows to about twice the size it was when it was first produced and produces various organelles. Changes that occur during interphase prepare a cell for division. DNA is duplicated during interphase CELL MEMBRANE Nucleus Cytoplasm

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Animal CellPlant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

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Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) During prophase, the chromatin in the nucleus of a cell condenses and becomes visible and the membrane around the nucleus begins to break down.

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Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Spindle fibers Centrioles

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During Metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. The Centromeres of the chromosomes are the same distance from each side of the cell.

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Animal CellPlant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

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During Anaphase, the chromatids separate and they are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Each side of the cell ends up with a complete set of chromosomes.

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Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

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The last phase of mitosis A new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes and the cell has two identical nuclei. Chromosomes become less condensed Cytokinesis begins during this phase

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Animal CellPlant Cell

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Cytokinesis- the division of the parent cells cytoplasm. Occurs when the cell membrane pinches inward towards the new nuclei until two complete cells are formed. Begins during the last step of mitosis

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I I nterphase P P rophase M M etaphase A A naphase T T elophase C C ytokinesis IPMATC I Prefer Meatloaf At Tennis Camp

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