Chapter 3 study guide The first English Colonist who settled South Carolina,

came by way of Barbados, and introduced slavery to the region. In Barbados Sugar was a very profitable crop, but the work was hard and slaves were replaced frequently. A successful full scale revolt was almost impossible for colonial era slaves primarily because Whites were armed and outnumbered slaves everywhere except coastal South Carolina.

Merchantilism, a government controlled economic system which favored British Merchants and controlled trade in the colonies by regulations and subsidies, began to take hold in the 1650s and grew under Charles II rules in 1660. Starting with the Navigation Acts in 1651. American Colonists were compelled to import finished products from Britain, and encouraged to sell unfinished resources and agricultural products

exclusively to Britain. All products had to be carried on ships registered

in England.

Most colonists resented the Navigation acts and resisted the trade restrictions. They wanted to sell their goods in markets where they received the biggest profits and buy from the cheapest supplier… Usually the Dutch. The Puritans in Massachusetts ignored the laws and still welcomed sugar from the French sugar islands.

Oliver Cromwell

Charles disregarded Parliament, so a Puritan faction of Parliament led a revolution to overthrow King Charles. Cromwell ruled over England for 15 years, When he died, Everyone was so tired of Puritan despotism they invited the Kings son back in to take back the thrown.

On a cold January 30 in 1649, a large crowd of Englishmen witnessed the reign of King Charles I come to an end with the swift blow of an executioner’s blade. The man who led the charge for his trial and beheading was Lieutenant- Oliver Cromwell

SIR EDMUND ANDROS & THE

DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND

King James II comes to power in 1685 and

merges the colonies of Conn, RI, Mass,

Plymouth, NY& NJ in 1686. Authoritarian

administration of Andros bans town meetings. He also pushed for worship

in the Church of England offending the

Congregations

Glorious Revolution 1688

James II neglected the harsh lesson of Charles the first and as a result the Parliament invited William and Mary of Orange to take the throne. W &M accepted a Bill of Rights and a limited Monarchy. Andros was forced to flee the colonies and the Dominion ended.

The AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment philosophers did not lead the way into Constitutional Monarchy but they did Justify it. In his Two Treatises on Government John Locke Stated that a Government derives its legitimacy from the consent of the governed… not by Devine appointment.

The Middle Passage of

Triangular trade

So many slaves were loaded into a ship that half the cargo could die and still it was a profitable venture.

West Indies Sugar

Plantations

… were the worst place for slaves because the price of slaves was cheap relative to the profit from sugar, so owners worked their slave to death and replaced them.

Stono Rebellion 1739 SC Encouraged by the Spanish governor in Florida, that

if SC slaves made it to Florida they would be freed and granted land. Jemmy and 30 to 40 other slaves made their way to Florida killing White Plantation families along the way. A Militia Captured a killed some of the slaves. SC adopted the Barbados Code a harsher set of laws on the treatment of slaves. After this, Most planters in the Chesapeake bought fewer new Africans and relied more on slaves born into slavery.

Glorious Chesapeake cultural divisions

As the Slave trade Grew in the Chesapeake, so did cultural divisions between the landed gentry of the south and the poor whites. It was a Strict Patriarchy & hardened class structure model after feudal Europe and the age of the Knights in Shining Armor.

Salutary Neglect

Relaxed supervision of the colonial internal affairs while concentrating on defense & trade Policies at home… The British did not enforce the Navigation acts. This allowed the colonies to grow , and to circumvent Navigation acts. A great black market of smuggling Dutch and French products was found . to be very profitable to Colonists

Georgia Penal Colony

A group of Philanthropists led by James Oglethorpe Founded Georgia as a Place where People in Debtors prison could be released and have a second chance

Molasses Act 1733

Trade with French West Indies farmers was profitable for both the French and the colonists, but because the West Indies Price of Molasses was so much cheaper than the British West Indies Molasses, British farmers complained about the loss of business. A high tariff was placed on the imported Molasses, which had the effect of making the colonists resort to black Market trade, to avoid the law.

Lack of currency in the colonies The Gold received from trade with

the West Indies was used to pay off debt with British Merchants, So Colonial assemblies would print currency to keep commerce going… Some Colonies (like R.I.) printed so much money it was severely inflated . Increasingly creditors refused to accept and the British Government outlawed the printing of money and this caused the Colonies to suffer economically.

Although the King had taken away Corporate colonial charters and placed them under the control of Royally appointed governors. The Governors were paid from taxes collected by the colonial assemblies, and the assemblies were able to control the Royal governors by withholding their salaries. Invoking the “power of the Purse.”

END of Chapter 3 Lord Calvert, Oglethorpe &

Penn