North Clackamas School District Social Studies Priority
Standards: HK 2. Analyze the complexity and investigate causes and
effects of significant events in World History.
Slide 5
I Can define and explain in writing the following key concepts:
The Putting Out System Mercantilism Water Wheel
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EXCEEDING 5 PROFICIENT 4 PROGRESSING 3.5 EMERGING 3 Your K.I.M.
vocabulary is detailed and complete (including memory device).
Critical thinking answers and summary paragraph are detailed, clear
and accurate with specific supporting details in complete
sentences. Your K.I.M. vocabulary is complete (including memory
device). Critical thinking answers and summary paragraph are clear
and accurate with specific supporting details in complete
sentences. Your K.I.M. vocabulary is complete. (including memory
device). Critical thinking answers and summary paragraph are
accurate with minimum supporting details in complete sentences.
Your K.I.M. vocabulary is complete sloppy, rushed.Critical thinking
answers and summary paragraph are and accurate with little
supporting details in complete sentences.
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* Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution (beginning in
England during the 18 th century): society shifted from using tools
to make products by hand to using new sources of energy, such as
coal, to power machines to produce products in factories.
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* The Start of the Industrial Revolution By 1750, the
Agricultural Revolution had led to a large increase in Europes
population. About 93% of the people of Europe lived in rural areas.
New innovations revolutionized manufacturing. People began
emigrating from rural to urban areas searching for economic
opportunities. Advances in medicine, hygiene and agriculture
improved the quality and length of peoples lives.
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* Black Death Norman Invasion Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
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* Right: London 1140 and 1840, from Pugins Contrasts, published
1836. London in 1440 and 1840 Urbanization and industrialization
changed the architecture and way of life in London. Urbanization:
The process in which more people move to cities.
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* From the Country to the City The population of England rose
slowly, by less than two million people, during the 100 years from
1700 to 1800. The population then increased sharply from 1801 to
1901, increasing by over 22 million. Many people moved into the
cities looking for work. Population of England 1700 1901 1700
1800-------------------------1900
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* Major Factors Existing in England That Contributed to
Industrialization: Large supplies of coal and iron. A large number
of people willing and able to work. Many engineers and innovators.
Large amount of wealth from colonies. A stable government
supporting entrepreneurs: 1)Government encouraged innovation and
the spread of global trade. 2)The government created patent laws
that allowed inventors to benefit financially from the intellectual
property of their inventions. 3)The British government also
encouraged global trade by expanding the Navy to protect trade and
granting monopolies and other financial incentives to companies so
they would explore the world to find resources. Manufacturing
Regions 1759
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* The Putting-Out System The "putting-out system" was a way for
18 th -century businesses to contract workers from their homes; an
example of cottage industry. Different parts of a product were made
in the home, collected, and then assembled at a central location.
The main products of this system were textiles, locks, guns, and
iron goods such as pots, pans, and pins. In the cottage textile
industry, for example, the entire family was involved in cotton
yarn production: ^Children would sort the cotton fibers in a
process called carding. ^Women would spin the fibers into threads.
^Men would weave the threads into fabric.
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* Distribution of Population in England, 1750 By 1750, large
numbers of workers had begun to move into urban areas. This
provided a large pool of workers for factory labor. More factories
encouraged more workers to move to the cities, and more workers
attracted more industry. Urbanization in England
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* Mercantilism was an economic theory that argued that nations
acquire wealth by exporting more than they import. The value of
imports and exports, called the balance of trade, was measured in
gold and silver bullion (bars). [omit (silver or gold).]
Governments passed trade laws encouraging companies to export while
limiting imports through tariffs (import taxes). The English
Navigation Acts were a result of mercantile policies. The acts
allowed only ships of the United Kingdom to trade directly with
England. Warring British and Dutch Fleets Gold Bullion Mercantilism
and the Navigation Acts
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* Anglo-Dutch Wars The Navigation Acts caused tension between
the Netherlands and England. The British and Dutch competed to
control ocean trade. There were four Anglo-Dutch Wars from 1652 to
1784. The wars were fought entirely at sea. In the end the English
gained control of Dutch trade routes, and thus global trade. Dutch
Victory, 1667 Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
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* The Seven Years War involved all of the major European
powers. Britain and France were enemies during the war. Battles
were fought in India, North America, Europe, the Caribbean islands,
the Philippines and coastal Africa. Great Britain, victorious in
the war, gained a large number of French colonies, including India,
Canada, and Senegal. The result, again, was that the British gained
even great control over global trade. Seven Years War 17561763
French Colonies in America, India, and Senegal Canada India Senegal
French Colonial Flag
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* Mercantilism was successful for England. England could trade
with all of her colonies without restrictions or tariffs. England
held a monopoly on commerce in her colonies. Nearly half of
England's exports went to the American colonies. Englands merchant
fleet and navy grew to be the largest in the world. England saw
itself as the center of the world! Trading with the Colonies
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* England saw itself as the center of the world!
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* English Trade Routes of 1700 England had the widest global
trade network of colonies.
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* During the Industrial Revolution, European manufacturing
dominated world markets, and England dominated them all. Relative
Share of World Manufacturing Output: 1750 to 1900
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* Cotton and India In the 1600s, imported cotton from India
became popular in Europe. Prior to 1600, wool was the most common
textile in Europe. English wool manufacturers convinced Parliament
to pass a law banning cotton cloth imported from India. Cotton
India West Indies Brazil Cotton
Slide 23
* The Water Wheel A water wheel is a means of converting the
kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy to operate
machines. Water wheels were primarily used to power grist mills for
making flour. During the Industrial Revolution, Richard Arkwright
used the water wheel to spin cotton thread. Later, water wheels
were adapted to run many spinning machines and looms. The most
powerful water wheel built in the United Kingdom was the 100 hp
water wheel at Quarry Bank Mill.
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* Water Wheel on the Orontes River in Syria Water Wheels
Factory Falls in Lowell Water Wheel in New Lanark, Scotland
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* Many new textile mills were started using the water wheel.
New towns grew up around the mills. Established in 1786 by David
Dale, a Scottish merchant and businessman. Dale offered employment
to poor Scottish Highlanders who had had their land taken from them
by the "Highland Clearances." David Dale, New Lanark, and Highland
Clearances David Dale Scotland New Lanark
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* Much of the innovation for the United Kingdoms Industrial
Revolution came out of Lancashire County, which included the cities
of Manchester and Liverpool. Lancashire is located in northern
England. The county has a cool, moist climate that was ideal for
cotton spinning. It also has many natural streams to provide water
power. http://rmhh.co.uk/gifs/blackpool/bowenmap.jpg Lancashire
County
Slide 27
* Industrial Revolution Partner Book Review: Skim pages
258-262. Answer questions 1-4 on page 262. Turn in your answers
directly to me On a separate piece of paper please!