,,!

ToPa~ 6

Ida.. policy and planmng d i""lur Va nZyl Slabbert mak... the point th.lt one . h""lddraw. distinct ion wtw....n statutory nun·racism - in which .1I form.l obstaek.>..on thebd'i' of mce . ... ...moved . nd an mal>lingenv;T(>hmenl is e",ated - and the need toprom<>lf' ' racial' and oIhnic tolera"""

He is Oplim15t lC abou t the capa cit y ofSouth Alrieans to acrompli' h this, 'By andlarge the majorlly 01 South Alri cans areapa.blto 01 Mng tulerant. It is wben ynu livein circumsta n«'~ of eronomic dedine andpolitical in., tability that pn'judicl"l bubble k'

THE CAPE

SAYS NOSURRENDER

TO THECOM M UNIST

MOBS

fab r iC o f ou r sodety ha s ~" n 0'llanisedal,mll tho> not,on of 'race', To get beyond il toSOITll' promised l.ond whe human potentialand ind ividual d iff.... ne affirmed isdefinit.ly d....irabl. , and arguabl y """""hal.But when,.and how?

rus t what is the id eal ul nun-radalism'A,adem ie ud politlcal ach .,;.t N.villeAlto""nd... h.. " id. 'when~ 'P". k of non ·radali<m we mean thai our position;'; deter·mined by the "'ientihc fact that "raCt'" i$.non...nh ty', r erception" howe>'er, do notalwaY" duvrtail with farts and .... lity. How....·e N gin to ensure they do is port of thechallenge,

By SUEVALENTINE

Ii •

Race against time?SA ignores

•racismlat its RerilI

WE' VE *<11 it en. cries of ' kill thefarm~r, k ill lh~ boer ' , whIle'nJpers gunnw g down black

prot",len, black youth, angrily chanting'orw ",,"le., one bull.~· at coIol.lreJ ma",h,'I"!i. ;...c wildt an' 1M pnlSJl"'d' ror a non ·rariallkJciety in So.lUlh Africa?

"it simply tile dream 01 idealists, a pop­uli., vOllXalching , 1000an I", political par­ties. 0.... vain hoI'" "f while libo:rals - or is il

an """""ll.ol «,""'pi if -~o--="'o-­"'T . IT 10 build . ""'"and indu.ive andd.mocr.ric soci<>ry?

Anthropologists tell us th at there is nooudl lhing ;H 'r"",,· · it hd. no g.n<'!ic bd",..n..... is no 'uch thing as th<,> white ra.., ortkr black r. « . By ronl••, t, lh. rolleepl ufelhniriry dOO'5 have S<mlC JOO)ning - i""'Ple

I"".... cliff.....,,! langud);'" and rulluTt'!>. butlilo'OI' loSpt'cts of ours<'lv", IhII! .... I....ml,II"" no! in...!• .I All ttl<, ofwn <'Ihni' id""htl<"S are manu-

Ifildul'l'd or conf>lruclN ,,,If-<<>II<CIOll5ly bypolitician. in oroer to mobili.. groups of

IJ'fOPt. fur ' f""' ilic !lOCial, political ur <'Co­

IIOmIt S""t.,How.;-.,.,., no mall... how _ntidl to our

Iahility to analy"', challenge .nd I.arn, the

1

~and the academ'c debate'S hav.littleIIn pdct On th. p"'Sent 1,.vel ot day tu dayIffiity 01 most South Am':a""-

, Spe.~ to your a ve ra ~. f.rnlet , farml. bourer, .rti ~an , tow nship r ouns-tN,ll!ll\eworker, """..,wife or dom...lk wurkr~ and you '", Ul11i~ely to ....ar them affinningthe thmry that ra<>' d"", not ....is!. Th,' "ery

INSID Dreams & deficits. Po e 10 II Ri ht to differ. Po e 14

-,

"I,,,

An advertIsing ~1Ie1l<Y employ"" w. sa,kedwhy ad,'erb ab" ul o,.lly ...hydratmg , malldtildfl.'n w...... placl'd in glnssy magazillt'Slike Frmmu ••Ih.... lh.n in gr.....root< publi­Clti01l5 1ik. Sp". k. Tho> employee repliedIMI th••dverti_ w.nted m.d.ms to telllheir n",id. hnw tn d" it .- 5<> .......~ for tM , .d 01 t lor "" /1" Of ...0.1.....

lat.... discovered that lhe jingl. used I"advert i.. the dti\,., d,-.:rib;nS palm In'<'<;"

g(>oo and '!rong and I",t ing Ions. h.Jd romml'undt."TSlood by tM men a. aprl);n!,: 10.pn7..cd f",rt of thei• •nalomi....• A . ..",1 fMIl"'lf.

Maid in SA?

Ja-Nee

Patriarchal faux pasRecenl TV ,,"'. , ag. of inlerv it>" .. wilhnomin... for Ihe SAllC Board underlinedthe foct lhal lh. patriarchy i• • Ii"e and welland ,itling on the Jkrw:h. Jntent nn winklin..oo t af a nomi~ wh.-th.... he was a m"",be!of lhe Broed. rb" nd, his lordship said thi,w'" nol an .U.mpt 10 pry into the nomi-n..', pri"al.life - whether h. beat hi, "ikwas no .ffalr of tM ~ppomlm""l pa n.l ,- Co. ld h•• 1""/";';0 1'~jj "1' ~;. 0"'" >0<10., "'"~",.d,..

Th. gu'Y murder 01 an elder ly Kuil'. Riv....woman w., "'l"'rted by ~ C~I'" Townne"..pal""" with ""'w unu",.l d.t.ils. Thewoman was so",..., ,,,, who 'hired . nd firednn . ,,""'g.o.... dom...hc wor k", • month',~nd a ",nio. detecti " . allb. ",en~ waml'd1M . ld",ly lha t 'the d.ys ~... lion. wh.n on.can ' I"'. k Ndly to f't'>pl. '- A ...., I~h'i.y Got~;c!

Good old days

An Idd5d ' Iarfer rda'ing al a local hang-outwith Iwo hienJ, of an ....'....ing was appma­<hed by a funtwr "niv"",ily colleagw whoinq"irfst irritatingly: 'So, WMt a", you guy.doin fl. wo, king or NGO'ing?'

- A "'" ...""".j(~.. . 10<>,.,. r>/ Q 1';"' ;(, oit'

The NGO whirl?

Insimila. v,~n if mo.... qu...liondble 1~'le. "....w aphorism is caw;ing hilarity un lhes\n>o.'IS: an Ar ia a day k...". 1M ...ttl.... away.- lIm ........dici."

Disarming viewTIw PAC N ltl.-cry 'on. ""tie., on<: I>uIM' is~,"tua lly a call for di",rnldmenl, ~=rding

to a ronv""",tion o""r""~d . 1Jd~SII" roc....teronomi", ronf"""''''. M",t 5t'tlltTs havemo.... than one bull'1. you "-,<,,

_ CO"" ".J>IN "'~ .,...,OM",'

Street talk

Success recipeA driVf' to pL1nl palm tree<; in ru••1Nigt'riawa, a ..... ring ' ''en'><', with local ....... par­ti<""il"'tinll,n <1n"'... . "u.pnOE'd ("l:~ni"",,,

[DITOJ(j"'lSTA ~T JWoo.·1Sdlo.~f....s,... V.I.m''',., M,>iro Levy.SIll""" 1l.W.,lJm~. nd contribut",'" ,,, b< ...id",..."jto 0."""",.,)' tn A,"; , otl.I p"",,,,,,,,,, 11o.>d. Mow"'oy, 7700

NATIONAlOFj'-K.T , lill H<.......,I I'''",,,,n,,, Rood. Mo..""Y.C, P" Town,:noon o! 011- ~n l 27, F" 477451' 1

Wl"STUt\J CAl'!:' 5th flnor , N....,,,,, e....'..M Bn" ...,.....' 51_. Cap" Town_..xiIIT"l 021- -10236.15; r , 41>151

JOH Ai'; i'; E5RURG: K ron H"",",.)'I Hooey 51_. !Wt<• . ).>hom'l"''''' ' K. 21 '15[T"IOJ 1- .....\I,~4 1 7; F., -II<4:!6HlI

rl<.llORI,o, , :I4'> Du""",, _ .Ha,r...ld, 1'''''''''', Or63iT.. on- 3C147617/8/Q, Fa. H 3.llIll

DURII"'''' 1110 Song ro H""",•• 17 Smith S"",-". Durboln. ./00 1(Tol [lJI · ll l4ll>l'l.l; F., ;IOWI,'''II

1'OJ(f ELl l.ABETIi , Fc","~ F\oo..-. Stan,l.nrli<"'....3« >,I.m 51","", Port Eh7'bo<~,

,..n !Tel \l41- s..~3..'1'J l/l; F.. 5225!l1l

EAST lO~OON , SKtmJ A" ", Glad, "",e11t>U,.., GI.J8IDn<' 51""". Eo.. tnml,,". 5:/!l1(7011)431· Ulll)47; f .. 4'l1lffl2)

BLOEMFONTlIN, PO Il<>. 8lm.Bk"-"Il'l1<",,,"n. 9.l<X'(Tel (l!;1 - 4K4S2 1!2. F•• 4Il1~1l

To ' .. ci'i lo l. di tc uu ioll 01COIl.1iIvtM>naI and de¥&IopmenIaIit_ .000. go,'1I> SovII..m Africa

DEMOCRACYin ACTION

Idow'. goal. aN:

To ,•••• ••_.,;; th. """ol,p'''''''' 01 0

'*'-nmc cuItun in Sou'" Africa

To add.... Nar, r.rejudial, angerand at'- ob.lace. in 1M ...lion 110 ..........rocicll det._ 1;"Sout!l Africo

10 engogoJ influenrial 1I1OUpS onclindMc!ual. who "",y be outsl<lers... 1M ,"",oilion procesl

to pro....d., wk....v.. ponible,irdormarion on crilicol~ and10 ••pIOto way. of Clddreninll....To aui., and ............ others 10conrribull 10 the attain ment 01rhe..goal.

Opini" " . ...p...,.oN in n,.",ocr. qo 1'1.~di<J. _ in .nid ...." d .dvm;....mrnlo_

orr not n_ tily Ih.,.., " I 1<1.0....

I$SN 1nl7-00:C

(omment

Adrift betweenshadow and reality

A lex BoraineExecutive Director

ing ,'liucalion~ 1 crisis. Th...,.., signal> Wl'n' largely ignored. Onceagain, we haw the bmili•• scena rio: demand ;s made, it isignored. the crisis grows, polari5a lion incr"""", and hey presto,bring in Dt> Klt'rk and Mandda to dean up Ihe mess, Judgingfrom initial reaction from tho> INCite,.,. and from CONI., no uni­lateral dt'li_ion by ewn Ih"", le-ade,.,. wUl o;uffi~

What ]. need~ is an educatinnal forum 10 deal seriouslyand realistically with long....tanding grievances involving allthe key actl>r> and fildhtalOn;,

Secondly, the irresronsible slatement by Pi'tcr Mokaba. 'killthe boer. ],;jlllhe farme r ' is drawing lhe inevitable and pre­dictable reaction lrom fa rmer.; in many pa rts of the country.TM!. rna", rn'-".'lings, Iii,;! tough statemenls. their call for cur­fews, ." ad-blocks and a virtual call to anm furthprde<>pens lheclimate of distrust and tears "I"'" community relalions in rural. ",a'.

Thirdly, th~ 't~pping on to ",ntr . l ,ta g~ of former powerlulgt>J\erals rai"", th~ 'pectre of • unifiE'd righ t-I<i ng bloc whichthreat~ns to subvert thi.' nt'j;otiati,m pWCi."SS ,Alth,n'Kh thi.'y hav~

moo''Tated the" position ""mewhat, the intervention by fonnergenerals is a eauS<' lor con, iderable COllft>Tll and ""a",rbdtl'S the

gen....al climate of unCfftaintvwhich rn""n~y pl'E'Vails,

Fourthly, against th,.,.. mani­festdlions of conflict there is th<>bac kd rop of co nti nu ing vi o­lence, daHy reports of contin·ued attacks on t h ~ hom~s ofddetly pt'Opl~ in suburbdn andisolated areas, coupll'd with th~

pNsi sten t killin g. in blackarea s, Th""" all add to the gee­e",l mood of pessimism,

Tht· real 'l u,'Sti"" is. which isPrt'l'<liling mood .•. Im Urlai"ry ."d i''''<'I, ril1/' shadow and wh ich is realitv?

O.."L.El'OC.,'Q""","""'........ ThNe Can be no doub t t h'a l''TlOnnou' progress is being made at the World Trade C('l\tre,bu l it is a wotld which th~ "v~rw helmin g majori ty of SouthAfricans n~\'er e'perienc~. Their world is th<> world of (I,ntinu­ing unrest lOcreased unemployment and an awful f('l'hng thatthe educalion crisis is only the tip of "" ico:berg.Hopefu ll~' th e a ppointment o f a Tra n,itio nal heculive

Coundl will help to tran,tate Ihe shadowy negotiation processinto the reality of seru rity, education and betler rommu nityrelations. Certainly until such tim e as the public in SouthAfrica can "'" a link betw""n the world of lormal negotiation.,and the world 01 daily life ", it impacts upon Ihem, the moodoi uncertainty and in"-,,,uri ty will continue.

AT LAST the firm prospect of a date for a n el« tionwhich will involve all South Ahicdns! Th" will in pa rtdISpel the sense of dl'Spalt and lear whkh has ~npped

so many in rt'Ct'llt months. Further, the progress made by tech_nical committ"", of the multi -party forum is significant in p,u­tieutar the resolution gi,ing the tec/mical committee a mandMeto formulate Tei\ulalions On lhe structu ...... poWCJ"5 and func­tions of regions.

This has been an iss"" which has gwen rise to serious objec'bOM from Inkdlha and this decision will certainly put to " "'Isome of their fears. thu' giving a derisive Ix",sl for the negntia­lion proces.~. It is more than probabte that as a direct tl'5ult ofthis decision the Iff will not opF""'" th~ establishmen t of aTransitional Executive Council,

In addition, the decision of the forum to accept sell.J,'lffmi­nation as a right will encourage the Conser1rative Party and theother right -wing partit'S to , tay at the negotiation ta bl~ . All inall, th<> readin..., and willingness to comp",mi...., augurs wellfor an early da te for an elect ion and th e ap pointment of aTransitional Exeruhve Council. This will set the sta~e f"r a pr0­trarted ekoction campaiKn ru lmin., ting in April 1994,

Un fortuna tely the delihcra­lions of the multi· party forumhave far less impact on the !(en­eral publi c than man y o therirII;ideni<; that are ta~ing pia", inSouth Africa,

Fir.t ly, the on -going educa ­tion crisis with schoolc hild rengoing on the rampage, burningca rs , boycu ttin g classes , is amuch more vi" id image thanthe conCt'pt of party IN ders sit­ting a round a table. The strikeby teachers, the ditheri ng o feducational auth"riti..., and rab­inet ministCJ"5, the disgra<""ful inabili ty 10 tab deci.sive acti<,.."'8"rdin~ matricolation fe<-s and salary negooations have a fargreater impact on the gen.....] confidence of the public.Th~ chronic slate of black education is " breeding ground f"r

bittm>ess and it , hould have rome a' no surpr ise that the f,,,,I­ings of hopdes;n'-'Ss have spilt over on to the streets. It isequally undeMandable that scholars and t,>aehers . hke havecome to th e conclUSIOn th.t no one ta ke. notice of tlteirgrievant",,' until they adopt ,.dical and visible methods. N,}­one can condone ""me of Ihe action.. and slatetllt"Ots of Cosas.but attention mu,t be given to the root cao."" and not merelythe symptoms. Teachers generally, and black ooucation in par­ticular, have had a raw d.,,1

Apart from the constitutional area, it """ms that governm...,tis inept a nd totally incapable of man aging the transilion .Months ago, al1the warning sigtldls we", lhere of an impt'lld-

,

DIARY

"

,"

TRAINING NATAl PORT EUZABETII Afli<-. willb<> th., 'l""'h'l'S

CENTRE FORAll ""a lth "'!lam",li"", in Ih~

Peace Corps? Pot-pourri an', are in\'ttt>d to send

DEMOCR4.CY del<'g"les,A Futun: Furom ltIe<"Iing I,,,,,,· A oem;"", on the tr. i n i n~ and

(JohaMesOulgl mil on th. (",ahu" ,-,f • rea« d"wlopm<'lll of hlllTldnland seminarcorps fo' the y'lUth oj South "-"0"""",orgolnised in enn-

Winter school Africa,'5 en'-i"'gro by the L,tc junction wtth th. rort Alf.w A b....kf"" t ""mina' un \;mdA w,,<,k·long natiun.11 win!t>f Chrb Hani, will bto held at tilt> munin!",lity and tht:ovk ,donn and "'gio",,1devek>p-s<hool on democracy will'<' Edward H"ld in DurNn on ''''''rillinn, will be odd On m''''1 "illl>e ht4d on lull<' 5a,hdd for leacher; fromJuly 5 to JUI'" 2. fmm 12.1-' t<> 2pm. June Sin Pori Allmi , lh. E...'l London Holida.v Inn~. The wnlle is ,tiD to boo conli, · The s~k."will bt- Ph.k.- • Aconf<'ll'lIC.... on "-1\ional The .peakers will be Rosaliemo>d but will be in lhe mIle MJnk.hIJne, ""hoMI d<'Velopmen' m'<"d' .n.lySl' King.....ell of 'he Border Rur.l

!"h.nn",burg a"". Te.eh"'" pubU",l)' ",-'CM"y "f 'he ANC will bo> held on June2hnJ a Commi!!('\' and Mi keC"lem..who .", in,e""tN in olwnding Youth Le..gue, .nd Kolbo> ..nd a , I'O';S-CUltur~ l ""'ening of Fort Ho",. For furtbc'" dc~.i l

should con.....1 Vino Subr. · Kol"'r, ~iCO;"-<;haj'1"'l'Slln 0/ 'he will t-;, held ., lhe Ale,and..,- ..nd n"""'otioru; ron,oct themon<')' or Lufuno N....,hulalu ., Nati"nal Party Y""th Acti"n Road High ",,11<'01 on June ] u,t Londonoffice.

to11l4l\4-3/fl4 / 7. Thr <ml .....ill he R2.~ prr pt"f- .nd4son. which cove", ",f""hment,. l eadership skillsR<>s.>rv.lion. c. n bO' made by Affirmative actionPRETORIA rel,,!,hone ., (031) :lQ4.--AA93 or A .lUdent work'hop on leadc'"bv fa' at ((131 ) 304-l\89L

A St'nesof .....orkshups on ,hip , kill, and drrnoc,.cy ",11

Mediation skills CO'F'''a...!finn . live .cti"n bO' held on June 1S.19 in King

AconOiet medi'lion , kill,willl;!cgin in July,Togrlh..,- William', To.....n,School' in

wo,k..hop will bO' held ov..... BWEMFONTElN wi,h ,he Easlem C.pr Ec,," King Wi lliam', Townand II\,>nomic [Xn,'elopmen, Forum, sum,unding rurai ."'.5 arelhn.., doy. from June 7 109. The Election forum Jda'" .....,1I be inviting loc.1 invitrd to p" rhci I'""',wo,ks1l<,p will ""' f,,,ilit.I ,'\I by businessmrpo,ati"ns to

Ron K,aybill uf 'he Cent", f<>r An indeprndenl forum h" . ld. "" in rolloboralion wilh

Intergroup Studi"" at the rl<'cto'all'duca!ion .....iUl;!cattend tht.-S<' ",orks!l<,ps

th~ Borde' Kei o..\'elopment

UniwNty of C.p" To"'n. lounehl'd in the F",,-, Slate at ,h~ Public meetingsForum. ..... ill hold a wo,kshop

Contact iho.' PMon. office for end of May.The aim of the fOCUSIng on Ih~ nt'l-'U fo ' Iit,'u,

m"''' d<'!<lils forum IS to co-.,rdinate demn- A publi< mffiing te addre>s ed",.Ii"n in the p.......l«ti"n

,,&Ii< e1ec'oral ed"e.tit., in tho> the qu""lion of ho",e1and f"'liod.Th,·workshop 001"'"

N Tvl needs Fn'" State. AllTk'n·aligned integra,ion IS plonned fo' m,d· 10 f.eihl.le lhe ctH>rrlin.ti"n

NGOshaw been i""i,<'<Ilo It,ly. R.nlU Holom"" of "f ,he v.rions lil...,1' pro;"'Ct,On Jun" 1M a " 'orkshop will be F"'rtkil"te. Tran'kei will be .mong the m ,h~ Bord......"'a , Moreheld in Pil'trrsl>ul); on ,he ('(Q- • A "'''''kend wo'kshop on sf"'ak"'" dc'1.ils trom 'he Eo't LondonMmic and development ""oJ, Ii>cal government aM regional • 'Th<> iss"e of na'io....1i"lt'fim officeuf Ihe Nurthern Tran"'iIiIl, d~....lopm""t will be held.t 'he m..h.nlsm. fI,r ,ran";lion willPeople in the "'Eion whoa". Aliemansk,.aJd.m ,,'SOrt fn,m be lacklt'd. t a public mMlng to Education indabaint"""-,,,t'd in &llending It>< June 1110 n.Theworkshop t-;, t><ld laIc m July.Spe-akr...

A<:Imfe,.,nce on educ.tion Inworls"',p , hou ld "ont","he . im, to a",i,t F""-W""i,·e from the SADFond Umkhon,oI,.n,ihon is planrwd fo' lull'I''''tofia om"" org.ni."'lio", in 'heOPS 10 w~ Sizy,'e wiil bO'invitrd to

idenlity regional and local panidp" l~.'025,Th;,; is a follow·up tO I

Regionalism ",",;na, held in the a",a la'ii"",t."S and nooJ,.

year and Ihe hop'" is ihat theA ('{mfrrrnce 0" ",gionali.,m EAST LONDON conference ",,11 consolld.te I~e.....ill t-;, held tn'm JUll<' 22 to 24.

WESTERN CAPE wnrk done 'ilK\' Ih"" and takeCon,htutio""I ,-,p"'" will be

Nursing workshop the drb.lIes forward.;nvitt'd to rod"", th~ ronf,,,,·

For teachers The confen'llc'" will indud,'""ce, whieh i' arhostt'd by Ih. A workshop on ,he n" ...ing deleg.t", from all t'du"h,mSpani.h Embassy, A schools in tr.n"li"n wo,k.. profess'on .nd ~.al'h dehvrry ...",ice oq;.ni,."ion;, univ.,-.;i·• An e"""mg <emin.r on sec:u- sho ,p ..... ilI be held On Jm'" 9.t in .. new South Allie. willl;!c ties, lobou' organi"'timlS andri'y in tra"o;iti"" will bO' held al the Nompumelelo School in held a, ,he King D....id H,MJ ciVKs in ,he ........ nd ..... ill7-'lOpm on lu,," g at the Pn1orio C"Kulr'!u. The worksh"p will h~.... on lUM5. Letiti. Rlspel .dd"", 'he <doc.h"n (fi,i,Holid.y Inn, Th,-", will be d"vcl"p a mission , I.t.ml.'ll' of Ih. Univ"",ily of the Wil- both n-gi<>nally ond n.h"naIly,'f""k...... tn)m the Affikdn.. and will he . 11,'ndt'd by the ....." t""r.nd.nd Temr..kd FranklinSonn, I'l'Cto, 01 IheVolksunie, the ANCond the staff of the NompumeleJo Cwagwa "f ,m, D<>ro.n Peninsula Te.:hnikon. h• • bO'enso",m"",nl. All wekom~, school. Concerned Nu""", of South invi'ed to deli''''' th~ ""yn(~'

add"""

Many thanks to those who responded to our appeal for ideas to improve• Aworkshop on ~".I 80VI'rt1·m.n' in tr. nsiti"n. "rganiS<-'d b

Democracy in Action. We look forward to hearing from more readers. tli,- G<ondrr ""'.:u_s ~roup, willhdd"nJune21>

DIARY

IlATES:

and reacb II (XX) readers natianu-ute

HURl? <11,,1 ,,'hil,· ,,"Iv, Price " ,-,'I", les \:~ 1

fJ"ok ji,r Hex i '.'.\'fI" hI'}"'"" 2<J

family, So "," ,ur\'i ve<J th.. Nu i",cup.lion of hi, cou nlry . ndned a,. leI-n;Iger Imm th" intol­",'ncr of tile C(lmmunisl ",/:,me

He ' lod l..d at Ih.. Lo ndonSchool of Econ",n,;", under theg... t K. rl Popper, ..rr.d a n. pr r~n lice. h i p in mpTellan tb.>nking. ond in 1'16'1 '<'t up . nind,'prndent ;m'e,tmeo t fundwhich IIr later calkd Quantum ­now One of th.. largest and mo,l. uccessful in,·..tmonl funds inIhe world,

Cml/ad R onel Scheffer ,,'«(121) 4 73 U 7 to p lflf: e ('1M

• lA~,,,, ,"",n ina ; I, inllk ~ ~ ,I"",,, nnly)NZ'iO I" " I ,",," ,,'<>.<1,

• Full f"~- NI "'~I • fbll 1" 11'-' N 1 1 ~ . '

• I{',U pel' , ,,Iuma 'em, 1 n,hmn, ' l lXm. N('-~I

1 cdumll ~ II)GL 11,"'--"(,, 'umll " k l l l1 _Ii eml

• Sponsor a page• Run an ad• Boos' your Image

ADVERTISE INDEMOCRACY IN AOION

Oprn Socirly Fo"n@ I;," ,""aN ... , trlndi"g: Aln 80",i"" Mid",, !Sa,,,ge. Khehl" Sh"I»"". V"" 2yl SJahbm ~"d FjW, 110m. Sea/rd·RIroth Kild"li,. Hd"" bile a"d P,Ur SuW",,, ,

d".....'Iw,,...Th. f"u nd.tion i, committed

tu p"m,,~ing t~. volu"", instilu­tions and pr.chces of , n 0l"'n,civil and democratic society, 11pursues p roject, that ~ave aninstitution-build ing impaci , Ihat. mph.,i... . u,t.i na hility a ndthat ar. mutu. lly reinforcing.Th. firsl "uch project i, lhe<,>tabli>hmenl of an independent, ch"ol of gorernment al lheUniversIty of the Western Cape

Born in Hungary to a Jewish

Big jobfor IdasaA M AJOR ROLE has l>e~~

a"i~npd to Idas. in lhe n~w

Open Society Fou ndatio n ",Lll>­Ii, hed by billionaire philon­thturi,! C.,,,ge Sow, Wilh •th,..,...y• • r budget of .o me R50mill ion and .. d"'ddhne 0/ 1 Julyto bK:ome tully "f"" !tnnal

Idasa wiU pnw,de baSI' officeinf,as truftuJ'l' and will "",nag.Ilw day to day financing of lhefou nd. ticm , Ida.. direclor ofpo licy ond p lannin l\ Van Zy lSlabber! will ' ''''it the bNrd ofthe foondMi,m.

TIw found, tk,n will be run by.." u live d ireclor Mich• • lSilvase, who has t-n ....1••....:1from hi, dull'" as protessor of_,oc;olo8Y and .cling de puly,;re-clt.1ncellor.t the University0/ Cape Town k" tw<> ye.,,_

The local Open SocietyFoundation is the "' 1",,( or. , ta­hI. of .imilar ...ldblishment, sel

u p by So"" in Bulgaria , C"",ti.,Lotvi., Alw nia, Estonl' . Poland,Cz...:ho,I",'.k,•. MaC<'d"nia and

Moral andphysical autonomyAt its Ru nt n.tional confe",ncethelliack s""" adopted a f'l"5Olu­ti"n "nabortion

Th. """,I uhon n' l!<'<l 'tb,· <ri­.is proportions of the p",blem IIfi11egol .bO rllon and r. ' ulu nlsulf~ring .nd d•• lh' a nd sup·p"rte<! 'the principle of woml'n's, ight, to mmal and rhy,ica lautonomy',

It called for the intme!u,·ti"" ofa cia"", in tile bill "f nghl< and.F""-'<Iom of Choic. Bill 10 pre­,'ent th... tate from ""trlctinglh. right llf women 10 ch""", anabort;',n sh",,1d , he.., wi.h.

• The Women' , Global Net­wo~k lor Reprod uctiv. Rights i,<. Iling IIn. 11 counlries 10 recog­nise Mol' 28 as a MlioMI d. y ofwomen'. heallh

OrganisatIOns "ne! ind.ividu 'iswis~ing to support Ih. com ·p", gn ,hou ld contact DotCk'TTl.""haw at 2 Buch.n R""d .N,-,wll nd,,771l1

Schools:youth talkit overIS THE gov~mlTWnt ' pend ingenough m"ney on ~d u ca ti on ,

and ClI n it a!f"rd to , pend mOl'"TIl;" was the , ,"gl,, mu>t «Jnlt<>­wNal queshnn raL""<:I Juring a""ent d"bal" ab"ul th••Jllca­linn « is is, organised toy th.W. ste>'n Cape Youth Foru m. •broad COdlition 01 political and",Iigiotl.' youth orga nisations.

Some 80 P"rce nt of the 300ptt>ple p"""nt w"", I"'pH, In,mItlack high >eh""ls in Cap" Town( r>n.picuoosly absent We'" "'p".......tatives from til<' dtys whitehigh ""hool, .

EL1i"" 6yloo, a rep resentativeof til<' Cap" Town Junior TownCouncil, s.o id '"""",,,,,ic discrimi­natiun' was a possi bil il y inMod,,1 C "huob, Peop le in"""....-inm m. groups would notb. able to afford the high coslsassociat<'ll with these school"

Song..zo Mion gile of tllPCongress of Sou th AfricanStud.nU (Cn sas) open.d hI,.peech with a call for <free,dynami< and compul>ory educa­tion', He emphasised Ihat blackpupi~ ....'Ne keon to IOMn a ndwanl<'ll to go to school. hut thotlh.. 'di ,ruptive' p<,licie, of IheN'lional rarly . ff""l " ·ely pre­_ted them from doing so,

Many black par. nlS w.'" notin a pooition to pay for their chil­dren ', education, he "id.Ori...Oc.sthulzo:n. r-:ahonal Party MP>nJ d ai'lwr,..-,n o/tne parlia­IIl<'nlilry , tandIng ,,,,mmitte<' onN ncalion. "'plied thilt the gov­""'ment was ' I"'ndini\ one out of"""y 6"" rands on edlK<ltion ,

He was crilic".d by other'pea kers w no sa id lhe cu rre ntpr-<>ce;s of ",m ucturing wa., nolg.a"'" l" wards "-""'lving prob·I.m, s uch a, overc rowding,I<>.rne. shmt,lg...nd inad",!,",tefadllt;"", bul in f. ct made t ~.mwo".,..

T~ . "'eeting d em llnstrotedv.ry cl•• r1y tha t perceplion.lbout lhe CilU"," 01 the educat"",~T i ' i •. an d sol ution, . d,ff.redwidely,

NON·RACIALISM

Race against lime?

KADtlU L­Alirnalio>rinl,." .,/io">

"";0".""'1'$,.....

racial """irt~ i. d,fficull hooco"", diff"""",...long r.n.lli.- "'ft iwT> m ln'!lClM>d fqo"" Ioo~ llu1 _ .......... .........../idomt

'll.o<ioon is INml toeh.tv'oout IJld it WI boounlNml II •• PN<- IJld~g in~f""C""6 isbatlI--..ry and wonhwhile

'Wortsloopt WIth ''''''PO at people pm.,ide.~ and • model in whidlto tillabou1 .aCiOI.~ and c&-ist .-d.i~As adulh "'e <all Il'l,~e dm.,on••boul..'hd h:/Jeto _ ......111> lot~ 01 and wlUdobt!ioon _ ....IIIII> ..~ III>Id 01. """ ....., ..<WIIin briwfo 01 f'"'1I<Ular_ whm Jhn..~, to "",",e. 1"'1'J'OO'"- A. rondllion.~. 1M- <&r\ hoocomt dYoiun<Oonal .nd. .

rI ....\n """"'" lor "" to lotthom go-'A~11l!<I ,he h.d.drop 01 out painful an.:!

bnIul hoo,,")'_il i5 p.m.opo ....."ubi" tlwI.rontn... ttd by Ihe ........ fo, ....,on.. ruC1l<"olth"",ghout Sout" Afric.n OO<1t1y, f"-"T'-"P""""••nd g...tu hould t.k on 0 so ............, u'I<JI'dina'e d.'!> of Iml''''1........_

n...~I e••mpl.. of t"" to'dy reaet><>nby 1 Souo, Alnc. n gowmmml lollowmgthe d lh of Ch,i. H.ni di d lil1l. to ".IpIT1.Ilh·",_o..:l. nng a NI,,,,,,,I .loy of mourn-ing ", . public h"Ud.y "uld b.ve .....,1 0, ignfi,·.nl emp.. lwtk m l;e 'o.n .ngryI"'blk. 1M g u'" 01 P""" , tdlemt>n,from . 1.."lid.~ "f'",e ~um...

In l.... lIMl'd "' m."y I'NP"' ","""".boor ....h<n 'I\q wrft' w...." Ilwy "".T<! ,hr"""" t....1 I'rfti<knl Kl'nllf'dr It.od b.en sIIIIlA•• li. · or ......,.,.·~r.r-ol d I .........."'" n.llemoon r. d io progr.mmr bri"g inl..,..rupood ...th Itw """" of d'• .....-t-__ in 1'.rb.>1'IWl'l- Ht>w nr ...Iu.., .,.;nmntmbft ......... Ihory _ ~ htan:Iof 1M __ of Hani' • .k.th., or ..'bra wS....'J""'"illoP kllh np ....... ft'pont<! oM t....

""" of 1M """""'1uP"""S ,n Sooo."do '"711?

\'1lh"....ft' quirk 10 """'" 10 ...... <to",,"

rnmlJ, lhM IMV' thftn. n..~~f;;yrll 10 Prt" M"~'N .,.,d W,nnie\4. ndri,o' , ""I"".... a", rn"IPI't rnrti...un.How.........." ,," 1~f1 Ihr r.oris", ...hi<~

SONN

RM..... "'"-..rnlw"" rItt no;;mSA

",·m""... 'on l.i,,,,d in I.... .-he"";c or .lu­d"", ka dmo "I I"" mood .. public r.lli...

'We h. vr g" l W d".l with ,he depth 01hurt and . n~e, .ri,in~ fn,m g,ne'4tlons '",." ,1 d ,,,,,Tim,....!,,'"_Part ol lhe ' ra , theidIrg.>cy is in 1...1 a ....' hology. II .....,n·l br .t", ltwith from <h. ll ,n~ Inlt"' he' ill ,"" pub ,>t0V<'1" 0 <up of tN, ..... mu" do ,•• fI'lOn' thant"'t-'

'Wt har t gal 10 dt al w iththt dtpth 01hurl and ang"arising from gtrltralions 01

.deial d isa-imillatioll'

now .mnng bLK~ vuuths 1ft"m5 10boo~inol

Ihe f,<t Ih.u lhy've ,,",II u kt<! 10 tru.t... h il n in lhe negoti.tion pr<><en. bu l.. soon •• Ihe y do .... lhe; , lead.......r..kiIJOO:

Bor.' .... ..~ oN cannol dmy ,he r_1

UP'" T.-..~ Ju\wI Soom ..~Ihr r d rn, of .lIgrl ng black peoplrtow.rd. ...hi~ in lhr .oM of Han.;'. mut-

<kT ..,"",~'There ,. ... m...,h angr•. Hani .... . ..

mtod>-lo>"ftI l$drof, """ IIA'd> 10~tho> . nt:"" of ~~ J"""J'W.nd fIIII.........-:t

n." miodliri· ~ ...........'" 01 1"" pow-ft"S ,hey UII nWa~ by ~,lling off cenaln...,.,.

Sonn ..yo .... h-4i........ ,limo .'" .... ny (",,;i.t,v. m.ng... O«1Jrri,,~ ;n Soulh Alliun """'­"'y, 110> d""" 001 b.-lit-w rori>m is ",·<..""",lvon ,.... ri ", · i, h•• •1..... "" ho........ tb..,.., ,

'I f",,1 hOp'.'tul, We u n .lill w".k on lheangle <>r r.d.m "OW b«.",", propl,.ft' nolyel di"II".i""N P......po if wr ge' to twoye down ,Ilt' line ' M we ....e still not. dd' ....J the i.,.ue, th. n il will}..., much"""" difficulll0 1.1\ abwl ,I '

H, ,,\nowf""g,. Ib, t bu,ldinj\' non -

NI[HAUS:...............cqtnn/h

""" ...."'"

if 11 dm.... p.,'....'.......~ (Ii~ MIdddt.......:e·

1.1 rcu l,... .I ,,.....,,,. Alto, Bo"In.""' 1hIo p"'nltho. in ordcor ... odQooy., """"radali ' .... -t to do.lJ W1lh lho>~,

l'IOI lho> ; p "..r.He id ul'.. I vI.,ble .hit! in , tt ilud...

oill<l' 1110> murd ....01 ("hri> 't.ni_'Whil.......'m tn bl.me the ANC for ,lit­

, h.nge, for m.,b,blling bl.(~ m(..mer> .ndd..mMOlr4,.,," "n '0 ,.... ,'n..1S, rolll><oy r"r ·g"'th.! it w•• wh,I,~ who!",lIed "'" "'&/:...._

'A! tllt- .."", Iln\(' )' lUng b1.a<k,.re v..y.w.", ,~, lI.n, w... k.i\Io:<l l>y . wh' le pe' ....n_ II hoo I,i~.....d "ff t....li ng. lh.t h.vehom ...W.........t . no! pul "" tho- back bu.......durmg ,.... "'W'!..III - f'<"'iOd- ThI' .-:bon

lhto...rt..,..:n... ............., IS «t.o.d by l,;II1W1S1fV 01

t h~ W"l~r n C.pt' .nlhropololl"1 ~n

eo..... ....... ...... PNlft' potmtW fa, mte­~'lI<III wIwn dwft • .....->ic powtlIloIIdblrn'-.:I "f'f'O"U"I1V b.-ll Suulll Ame-.

For limo tiw hopO' 01. --w futuno lWsIII ~~ing ...ee ronl", ' ' 0 Iii. lOll .boutdrftlO(.Ky o..moc,ary muo' .....n ""'"'tlt.an W ..-nll"ll 01 • dt",oculi< ron>Iitu·lion. 11 ........lbd f'"'OF'lr llw nght 10 <rg.on­j.,. ocrord'''ll to tho" in_.1M nghllOoddl't!i6dll~ Wl,hool h.ovin~ to ""'I<>if from ....a.tY.

'South Afnc.llw. tM""'l~o/ touiIding• cull...... <>I 1...1. .........: ...yo Cou...... ~mu. t tal.. on dil~. l( l"""'IedSt <MI,ditf ond h .. with ,!I..m, r ....p!.. donol h.o ju.l oM identity. Wt.l\'.lI morethan " th' " g_ w.. mu," <If"'" lI... d.t>.lt "nmulitiplt id..nl'tt 7.ulu ",,,, l,,,,.,,, Zulu'.klt U....y.l'l'.k<J .",.kt'l'l '

SI.bbc<l .1..., """f' lIa.i.... th.t IIon -,,,,,i.)·i.m i, I n indu.;v. phii""" phy. "flul it ( I nbooromt' In inl"I"".1I1 r.....m of """-tada!i;m

HOH·RACIALISM-

'If only wllite people realisedIIOw rt'markable it is fllat there

is so much gOOllwi/1 after somany years of brutal racism'

salion of the changO'S th.t need to he lThKIe tubuild a new , uciet y. They Ihin k they'vemad e cha nges when Ihey , ee Nel sonMandela on TV m they can buy Ma,~,huyr atIhe eurner ,hop. but thar. only "ratchinglhe "'rfacr: says Niehau,.

'The J"'r<''Ption of w""t m.~". , ""nge i' inthe white (\lTllmunity and wh.t it IS withinlhe black cnmmunity is like night and d. y'

Clea r ",.,sage. ha"e tu reach all SouthAfric. n' On ..... h.l non-r. ,ialism i. a ll . Ix>ut.nd ho..... it i ' being bu ilt in society. ThemedLl. h,ve . vitai n,l~ k' play in IhLs f'l"<'C'S.

111m> are as many positive de..lop""-'Tlt,that can be ""own on th~ ",ghl <>'dock ll<'W'., t hcr~ .... n"8.live one,: ""ys 51.bl><rt,'allliou gl1 they .... not .Iw.vs rated." ""'~.

The gap between Je"der.; and tli,.... ,m tli~

ground mu st . ],;0 "'" a dd"'''ed . e~rta i n

Idasa field.....ork'" repurt . gn>wing dt'gl\'l:of criticism uf top ANC leadersliip whu.reseen as able to mak.. li"" >peerh... and m;n­gle wilh dign"tori.. in hol~ls, but have for·g"U,>o w""t it me"ns to have 'their ""od, inthe du,r.

Amlfd ing to trWe .,nthropologisl RhodaKiod.lie. the ."lagonLsm.nd growing r.cism.mong many young J't'<'plr tod . y "" ult ,

,

lrom a "'0'" thai thry.re m,,,,, ""'erve" ofthe p"""'" oi n"!loli.t~m"

'When the')' he.r in th~ orw, that Mand,>1aand [)., K I~, k will r~~ive a n . w. rd fromClinton. Ih..y ","come .ngry. Th~ negoli. ·Iiuns p"" '" i' ",,"eived " an . n " n..bt'tween elite blacks and whit,....•K a d a li~ ,. also ,ro lICal of the AN C .

. ppe. ls to co mmunity and nation-building,cla iming Ihe y arc li t tle d iffe ren l to IheAfrikaner.;' preocrupalion with 'die volk' ,

·The.. concept. assume a homogeneit y,they do nOi deal with nolions of diffe"'nce.They faU into th~ same trap which a"um..that white women are divided alonl: variouslin~s. bul black women all have the ...m~int"""", .

Fmally, ,t """ms. oo~ come. back to Ihepromi... conlained In Ihe crr-a tio o "f a cui·ture of d"mocracy and tol~'.nCl'. in whichdiffcrencrs .re .ckoowl.odged .nd embracedr.ther th.n dm ied.

r~fhaP", .. Bor.ine suggests, somelhing"k,n to . fe\'\\"ol of bl.ck ",msciou, n. " isneeded. To ignore the s""",lde,..ng is..,ue 01'r""'" as it is perceived by South Africans ish' rourt di",.t'" down the road .

'Perli.p' we h..'e 'omething to lcarn fromthe l!nited St..t... 01 Ihe 19t'OJs,' "'Y' Boraine.'Martin l Ulh", King called for rerond hah"n.whe""as Malcolm X said it was im possi~lr to.chiev~ reconeil;"ti" n .t no rusl,

·It "-'COI1"illation "om.. willi"ut an h"nes t.--ontrontation with the 1"',"" it '<'tV" merelyto cover up d''''Ply J",ld hurt and ",-'pido""Wr rIt'<'<l. cath"",i.. ·

Suo V. t."H". I. td. ..·• m. di. dif<d""

IlIO"l blad e people endure as adIIily ""penence.

Spike LH'. movie on the life0/ Ma lcolm X highlig ht. the~nn of white society to coUs\Iy. black leader for black' todt~n d thems.lv" alld putt/leiT own inll'l'l'5ls first.

v.\'nl'<'d to ....all... the degreet~ which racism, through thei~"lito l io n a / aparthoid . hasJl""U'ealM nol only the , tru,­t~r... "lour ,0'1. 1y, but Oufbeliefl and aUitvd,'S as wdJ

h on if while' do not fuld,,",lly TespOllS;b l. , whileSouth Africans o,,,od to ronfronttho harsh ....ht"... of what wa,don" in th. i, nam e with theinlrlliion of rrivil"llin~ til,"""

This ;' not to , ugge<l an ""d ­ll!S5 'guilt trip' rnr whit"" , Mrto justify a pnpetual angeramong tllOS<' disadv.nt.>gt'd by. partheid. But In ,w""p .mo- HIgh . p" ils dUring t~ ANC. fir" ~lfttm8 in 'u'hil, ' ParowtlOM under Ih. eMp' ! is 10IN... too much unsaid. W. cannol Wipe theWtl! clean I><:-:au,", we <annol ........ the pa,t .Wb.J t is done is done, but we must nowbogin I ""W , h. pter,

Despi te the a ppa re nt , ontr. d ietinnsbo>tween ANC policy.nd certain statem'>ntsand .oction., of those c1.,ming ANe membeT·, hip, non -racialism as 0 policy rem ' insunchaUenged and firmly entwn<:hed within!he orgonisation. sa ys ANC sJ'<,k....p"'rsO"CarlNiehaus,

Huwever, he . dmil!l that building that ",1-!un' is a diffi ru lt ~'" m&d ~ .......".,;e by limitedlime and mlOUr<e5. and. no"" too sympa­lhoti<medi.

1" the mt'dium term we can only hope forlimited SUe""'•. Only .iter the introduction(){ I new <:uru.htution can people experielll....what ifs like IU live Wld'" new conditions inw!lid ind ividual human rig hts will beupheld. lenvi>.ge a pro<e'Ss 'imil,u to what~ happened in N.mibia .nd Zimbabwe:

Agamsl the bad cdrop of history .nd "'-"l'Iltel'tnts Niihaus sa ys il is noth ing shorl01 'n-m.",. ble' that block peoplt Nve stuckto u... Noic principl.. of non·rx;.Ii.'m .ndth' l they ' rr so willing to rmbrace whitePOOp.. who ..... w;[ling to , hange. The """l'IllANC m""'ing in r.,..,w, Cape Town. e.em­plified the . p ir il of non-rad.li,m, 'aidNieh. ....

"Thm- iI; a lot 01 hope. If only whi te pro-plo realised how remarKable it is th.t th,'I\' IS

'" much goodwill .lter so m.ny yea... 01bn.."" racism

'The ot!let sidr of the coin i' that in thewh,te rummunity th..... is n,~ the !\11m.. ",ali·

ELECTIONS -

Free and fai r••• and fast!

What 00 we have to do in South Afrlca 10 ensure that lhe forth­co ming democrat ic ekK:tion will be free and lair and It!II outcomeaccepted by all . SUE VALENTINE spoke to International electionmanagement specialist Ron Gould.

Wh~ t oJ,o~IJ !If' tit. ..ompc,iti,,~ of u . 1«­10...1c<,,,,,,".i08?Thn. are ,.v• .,) rnod.b. Some can ~.

thrown OUI fairly qUIckly. For eumple. inSO"". rountri.. and in what is prob.l.bly 1M

lNsl 1f",",."I. ",,>d.t. government d"P"rt­",",I acts •• the O'Ied<>ral OOdy.

Anolh,.,. one wll;.," i> probably. not rwlis­tic for hr• . i. an de"",.1 commi"ionformt"d of "'F"""'""t.lhv,," 01polih<;ll I'dn;..,[thmk Ih."' ..... two Ihm~. til", mill~'l.

aKam.1 it you don', want an e>:m-mdv 1a,I:"body and yo" aln,.dy h.lw 2~ political p.l'­Ii.. f in tho n.K"liation. forum! . How you.,dud. partw.l>orom.... nighly pI,lih",). n..,ot"", point;'; t!wl y<>U ","fd hlP.",>t<" peopl.on thO' dl'ct<>r.1 oommissioo and if ynu ldktop notch p,orl~ 001 of lhe f"rt~ fol' full­lime work on the ,,'mmC"K>n. il will ha,~ a""Vm~ lmpad on the partJc!;.

Selling Ih""" two a.ide l,·aw . a rou pl~ ofm..d.I, which art' v. rv .imilar ,n lyP<'. On~Iha t is v.ry popular a nd v.ry ~u " c~"ful

(wh.,. lh. judiciary i. c"M i d e ,~d to b~

;mp..lial aod non·parti.an l is 10 h..·~ allI<"m r of the judIciary d""ignat<:d by an lh..pl.y a. chalrp.r-son, 01' h> ha,'~ a th,~...m('tn pand .., your ~k'(!i"" rommission,

Somt.-!iR>o;$ you COn hav~ a mem..... "Ilh~rudiciary h..ding up. p.an~1 of r",p<'ctPdml"ll1....... h\>nI eI".w"",, in the community ­be it .cad<......~. the arts ,Jr wh.lt"'·....Th~ third model i. wh...... th~ judiciary

",aUy d"",n't play. rule .nd yoo find oom<'

up'tandlng membo:t ..f tho rommu",'Y whois ronsidero:d lo be aoceptable .nd non·parti·san.nd aOlund that build a group.

Th. cha ir po:"'on should be .ll-powerfulwilh the pl'w", to bn>ak. ti<"--hold or. wh,.".tbm> con'l be "!:"",ml'nt mak~ a dedsi"" , Itmu,1 obvicru<Iy be . decL_i.... person.

The ."",lIer tho> ro mmision Ih~ bo>!l...., I·..........nl a numb...- 01 ro"""'plO, One was th.t ifyou a", go>n~ 10 ha"e proponlOO.1 n"f"""t"'·1.1I0n hoIh On a natiollJI.nd n>glOllill!>a"s.and ...uming Ih~ ... would be 10 ",gion.IdefinPd in .o m. way or oth.fl. Ih.n yoo

might hav• • n lI 'pe"on w mmi.. ion - arh.irprrson.nd 10. That's .wfully largI'. Th.mmm L'Slnn h.l, kJ rna.......ry /.,t decisionsIn . num..... of .reas . nd lhe la'W'r the rom­mi"ion. Ih.. more difficult il is, II il w.....poss,ble 10 h.v~ ...eh m.mber of Ih. rom­mission ....po"'i ..J. lor Iwo reginns. th.ny'Klr<Klld hav~. si.-f"'T"'" rommission,

WOMld YOM .u rk. ,'IIa liona ' PuaCo",,,, itt... """,fog /h. p.'P0"" of thr .Iw­tOTOI eo",,,,;,,io"?I don't know th. s"e of the peace ",mm,,·. ion Th.. criticalthmg ts 10 get a body ,nIn.-", thai h.s the lrust.nd the co"fid,·nc. of~veryone. ....n though Ihey m. y . t t,m...rule a!\ilinsl you and yoor l\roup, You nc-althot romhined with the """"'Y o( the _ ...Yoo will .......... \>e abl.. to rom;nce reople ofthe 5<'C....-y of the vot. and how their VK'W<and thei, (hoiee will neve, be found ou tunless they trust the peopk who.", runn~the ek'Cloral c'Omrni" ion, II the f"'r1 i1os don'ttrust the bod y th.'n the p.arti... won' t con·vi"", their propk.

\\-1,a t w<,~ IJ ~OM do with a bod~ $ueh Q. th,mra,t",..., of Ho"" Af/QI,.. ' Could it n , _",t. Ih. jn, m.rtion. d...",,,, up b~ th, . Ir<_lo,a l eo", ,,,I,,;oo'A doubl~·bar lled ."'W'r' from wh.t Iund.... t.nd . b u,.. th~ Department ofHom~ Affair; I, a"""",,,ted wilh lhe gow",­menl and il " nol totally !rusted. it is ...,llhekind of org.ni.. tion eve'Y0n~ would h",'.ronfid""", in. On the <>lilt'\' hand. ,i is yoor...urce of l'ie<1oral operational ..perti....

What I have ....... work ,n other ""un",..is Ih,l you ",mow the Department of HomeAffai.. from the governmenl and pia... itund.r the electoral eomm..;on , They thenberom~ "",ploy.... 0/ Iht> elector. 1<omm;'". ion. at k.st for th. pre-electioo to posl-ele<:­tion po:riod. They .re arcounl. .. I. 10 them.nd the et,'ctWn rornm""on sJ.oold h.v. tho>power to Ii ", Ihrm ,f n"",,"",,'Y. In gen...1I"""", what I" 'e found ebewhc,", and I don 'tknow why it wnoldn 't follow hr.... Ihe...

p..opl. are prof"".io".1 bur.aucr. t>Whoe"., Ih.y work for they will folln,whal lhey'", told to do. although obvioosl1they w;U try kJ influenc.. the f"OC'-'S"

1\o1oa t if thry·... antag"o;sti. to th, pro<r", 1If their jobs and ..I.. i... del"'nd on th..doing •• they'''' IOld by the elect",.l (omm,..,nn, I .hould th,nk ynu 'd \>e ,'.ry .urprisal at how ro--operat,vo they \\,11 ~ A,.tn.... have to look to tM lulurr too.

Th. ""Iity is th.ll there' s a 101 of lak'athen>, Wh.t is mort' Iik.ly to happ"n i. that rth......'" chang... in .y.I"",. and arrn""""from what has alw.Y" 1>."", done, ,h.r. wlimyou'll have a lot of ""istance. But in tenns"lryIng to ..hotlg<> the electoral p"""",", I thml.lher1", fairly littlr chanreol th.ll hapl",n,ng

, n d,,$Ia nd Ih_1 yO M"(l,,,,,,, ,,, d .n'/'<II/iog 51_tion f... rt'ny 500 f'Mp'"W~'n:ink, trnninol<'S)i h"",. What I w.. ..y­ing W,IS that sro !",,'ple 1St"'" latgl'Sl numhoth.ll r.n ro mf,,".bly be h.ndl.d ;n one dajby one g-roup of .kctor-.ladmini;.l,at=.'"0"" !>allot b.,.. II you anticipate 3 lMlO p""p;'.Ia polling " .. ti"n. then you w'Klld h...... '!>allnt box .

Ile<id one or two u..hers at th~ door, ~""

n""d th, pel'son, per ball"t 00, 50 "t"poll,ng station with ii. !>allot 00. .. y"u'rr,looking at • minimum 0118 peop\o>.

AU in.U you 'll llt'<'d " rna..i nurn""r " Ipeopie - . t 1<'hI I.j() 0:.. to S e!ech,,.offici. Is, "That' • • lot l\f training.

Who " '''MId ~"M , tt AJ thf bu t pM . ibl,agrncin fo' "" t•• rd~,..lfonlVery d~finil~ly n"n'g"vernm~ nl org.n; ....ti" ns (NCOsl _ hor~{"lIy uncl..,- !lUilit' 5<,rt <J!

",·." rdi"" t.od uml>rrlla "" Ih,.... i. no ri,'al,!and diffu,ing 01 ",""ure.. rath...- th. n ........""lid.hOg .nd osing thffll to their greatet<l~xtonl

The part,t"lI .1", ha... an import.nt ",ItOnce you hav~ yoo, p.rty fI.,!:i'tr. ti"" P"-'cess romp1r<Pd . yoo should lhen hav~ a NI­lot design whirh is puhlidS<'\l wilh .lI thi

,•

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To Pa~e 31

Volers' friendRon Gould Is lila assls tsnt chief alec·tora l o rllce r In Ca n a d a e n d wasIn¥ol¥e d In managin g Ihe 1984 and1988 alections In tha t country, as wallas the 1992 refe rendum.

He has represented Canada on eiee­toral comm ission s in Ce nlra l a ndSouth Am&rica, with members 01 par­lia men t In Alb an ia , with theOrgllnlSil1ion of America n Ststn In EISa l¥adOl a nd Ihe Commo nwea lth InKenya. He al so hndad th e Un ite dNallona mission to design the eiee­toral lramewor\<, organisa tion and tim­Ing of an aspects ol lhe Cambodia nelection.

the ballot 00' at aHilmes,!lut y"u .15" h.ve , lithe Ihlngs that hW­

prn down the line in term> of intimidati" ",interfermJl; w,t}, parl~' ralli.. and acces, tothe med ia. In a 101 of the,", areas, , uch asac{'CS, to mooia a"d public infomutlOn. tileoituation will n,,' t>e "loal, there ;" no way itcan be, but there are .." rI. i" thins, that canbe k·... llecl off

With "gam to _nsllring th~t p.opl. acuptIh. ""ull, of un .r_cti"n, "'11"' , h"wld b.don. ""f"l'I'h~nd a nd ~ft"""",,fsl

I gu"",, wh"",oer klSeS has gre,t dIfficulty ,naccepting the " ",,ults, no malle' what j'<>U dn.Th~ boltom line is to be able to offsct tn.accu..,ti"n. and lh.. rumo"" by h, ving a,a"tight an . 1ector,,1 ' y_h'm a, p<'O'Slble

An inten,ive educat ion programm~ t,needed, so lhat lh~",·. an und.rst,od,ng ofthe clecloral prco:,-", and the ki"d, ol .. I.~

guards Ihal arc in Ih"", dod I},e very impor·tanl inv"l...,mc>nl oi the parlies " monitorsof til<' ~lection"

lb. parhes I\<'ed to educate people, to Cl'<'­a", an understa"ding thai there i, nol goingto be more or th~ same wh.." it' , aU ov",­Even il a pmy is in a minorily, but "'pre­sented, it means th.,,;e pe"ple will haw a>u ke and be playing ,n ,ctive and in"ol>'t'drole, It's n<>t Ioocr lose; all and wrnner takesaiL

It i, t}, e r"'pon,iblt ty " r the parti", towatch lh. election adm ini,t . ator ' , ~... r)'move from lhe lime the poll is ...t up ande'...·n beio", it up'.''' ' , until tho counl is fin­j,n..'<l , Tho... krnd, 01 things m.>ke ,I difficultlor a pan y which has had monitors at thepolltn say the", was thi , abu se or thatahose, ""p,'Cially if they've ~n in vi,'w oi

Wlta t ",I~ wo w/d yow .u for tht ,"cwrityfor",,?ldedlly on polling day, if n<>l during the el",,·rion f't'liod , the . ecut ity forr"" shuuld beunder the control or the . Icclo,,] commi, ·sinn,That willtak• • lot or ""ll0lla!ion, edu­cation . rod training.G~Tl<'falJy they are not all<lwt:<! lu vote in

unlfornl. In Centr.1 Amelica the v vote Intheir military bases, Put thaI'. "0' 'dO'Sirablebecouse of f"""'surc and intimidation to allVOle the same way, Al,o wh~n you , tartCOunling tile polls you can id,>ntify "..h1C~way the milit,ry ,'o led, whlcll i,n 't fm tolherr, eilher.Th~ rllm",,1 "-'Striction;" that t~., sccunty

fo~ at<' not allo",ed into the poll u"der. ny drcum"tanc,-", except ",},en in>'itt:<! bythe prosiding offic~r to quell any probl,'m,that arisc. They ,hould be schook<! in whatlheelectoral la", >avs - lIow f,u thev ,!t,lU\dbe from lh. polls a';d so on, .

!luI you have to have polk... and """,rityfwws 01 "" me sort, '-"pt><ially in in"rancesSUCh a. tIli, count,.." where tllerc i, alwayst~ po>oibijity of viO'I""",,,

f"'rtil'S' ""m"" and emhlem,in w~ale>"er orde r t~ey're

going to aPf't"'r on the actualh.llot. Then the parliescan tale that hallot and go tothe people and say, ' thi, isU', this i. ou t logo. her~' s

hoW you mar~ the ballot' ,They ca n do • grea l dea l01 dvi c education o n that!la,is,

I S"thtr tlr"1 ~ou f"ooll' flrtiolt. of 0 doy-Iongtltelion?The ideal i. thai evety thlngn.ppons on une da y becau,",<Wcmight ]...,d, 10M,<",,.nonsofopportunity ror fraud , bai.1(>/ ,ru ffing, ,witching box"".n,h o on

II . onNlay votinll pt'ril>lld"., nol perm,l lhat , thenyou may have tn a lluw Iwoday•. Then the re ar~ varia·tlon. on thai them e bccauseyou can have no more lhan0"'" day's voting in any onelocalion, bul you can have!he pl'O<'el>S running over twoday••nd ha ve mohil e polls.nd voting teams. If it does Rim Gould ... a clwllrtl~~, In.I iI can !It J" nc u'ithin a .l/fIIr,h.v. to run " Vee tW<l days,thrn what yoo haw I" do i~ ""I up a rosterwith 0;""'",,,,,, and int"",ati<>nal nb"'''\Ie''lu rn, ur. that ell'(twn "taff , lay with thelin,.. at all time'S,

THIS PAGE SPOtlSORED BY GABR IEL SA{PTY I LTD

Debates & speakers

After almost two years 01 planning, the Aspen Institute, based In theunuee Stales , and Idass brought together 120 hlgn-powered loca l andlorelgn economists to tackle the issue 01 So uth Africa's Intemallonaleconomic relat ions In the 1990s. SUE VALENTINE reports on l ome of

the discussions.

~i.. U".,.lIilz IIMFJ, Ptlrr Foil,,,, (w."W I. Nd AIPdr{ I. G,.n,~r W....'h'l""rnr /!oINk ofSiJu tht-rn AI"",,)

ANC e<'OOOrnics IrNJ Tm.... MRMUrl u'it~ V.SUlMtrt af ldo", . nd 51p11o S" ""1l1. '" Iht F

51'l'h,," In.';, ,tGI,I..t"" CoII~r ."d Po"'i,<If IlIr A<I"'" In.<' i' "'r

Topics di"'-""'<'d atlhe confe....ncr indudod:• Emerging trading patletTl' around the globe;• The chanwng rol", and fundi"ns of major inti'r·nalional financial in'titutions. ~nd their impact ond""eloping countries:• The implicatioru;~" South Africa's domt'Stic eco­n"mi c poli cy of u~iT\g lnl ernallonal MonelaryFund/World funk ""'-"lrtTS;

• What South Africa ' s ",Iat;onship wilh Afri"n"'!i;ona] organi""ti,,", . hOllld be;

• The rcl.holl5hip bet",~...... «<",..mi r developmentin South Alrka ~nd the southem Afric'an regi..n.• Whal would make South Alrica IOttomalionaUyromprtihve in lhe 19'1Os,Spra kers included raul Krugman (MassachusettsInstitute of T""hno~>gy). John W,lliamson fln,IiMelo r Internatinnal Economics. USA), Sanjaya LaU(]nsli tu te of Econom ics and Sta tisl ICS, O xfordUniversi ty1, Raphael K.plinsky (Uni versity <>fSus..,.1, L,urence Cockcrol1 (O>: fonJ InternationalASS<ICiat.s, UK). Duck -Woo Nam Iionner primeminister 01 Korea ), Sipho Shabala la (PAC reo­nomics advisor), E\o>nno Ndulu (Afric'an Ecnn..micRrso>arrh Consortium. Keny~ l ,

• Idasa , in con ju nct io n wilh David PhilipPubl i'bm, will publish a hI.,k on the rooferenceL,t.... in the year,

Dreamsand deficits

POR THREE day s delegatrs grappledwith. range of ""e-ighty 1""Ul$ wlatingto South Alrico'.....integr.hon intu lhe

world economy DiSClli,iollS on the implica ­tions of trade agreements, inlerna li" nalloans, prol<'Clive tariffs, drbl cri5r5. ",port­led growth and loreig n iow s tment hungheavily in the northern Transvaal a" ­.lmO!'I as imposing as th.c sighl of swoll.nrain clouds over the dry bushveld,

The opening .ddr.....s, due to have b.>endeli vered by ANC presidenl Nel sunMandela . was ",ad by ANC eronomlCS headTte\'Of Man",,!.

Appropriately atti....d for the bushveld.Manuel bpgan by sa ying that he had....UmN tMt Ii.. ....·ereun~1)' at such.'\>:>o;"",••d' or 'strategic safari'. He said he...."nden-d whdl it irnplifod aboul diU...,n,,,,in oronomic p.>lie)' that"" was dM<oo:'d more,a,ually than both Sou th AfricanCommun"l Party econom..t Essop rah.dand drrector 01 the Institute for AfricanAlt<mJalivl'!lIk'T1 Turok.

The ANC pl'l'Sid<'lll'. add""", "'-'gao ""Ihthe obst'Tvatiun th at it was oh ,-;ous thatSouth Alrica wuuld not aUucl fureignim'rstm",,[ until the", was both f"Jlitical st."

, , bilJly and a climate f"", ol ,'iol""",",

Hnw~v...., h, ron,id ~r internationaltrad~ without "",uring that qualitygood. and~ w...... available roall South Africans at aflordabl~

pnces was wl\mg ,M.nd~la was critical uf SOll th

Af rica ' . eco no mic managem~nt

whicb he ... id 'fi'mained premisedon waiting f"r windfalls , n inert'''''''in the Ilold price and other com­modity pf'ice!;', The«' WIndfalls hadbeen llSt'd to puNU. 'th<. dwa~ of"utan'hy without any ron,id....ationoHhe C05!s',

Nowhere was this mo re aptlydemon,tratod than in th. dOO,ionto proc....d WIth the Mosslla. pro­ject. which would b<>com~ viableonly if and when th e oil pr; c~

....iKhod S35 po-r NfT'I'l M",nwhil.,thmullooul lhe c-.nlury, lhe oil priCl'had ",maine<! fairly stable " a"",ndS20 p:r w rn1

Th. keynote . dd""", to Ih. con ­ference was delivered by Nor­wegian Minister of Fo...ign Affai~

J"han Jorg.n Hol,t, Ih . firstNOTWl'gian fon>ign mine.tl'!' to vi,1ISoulh AmGl,

Revi~wing why Ih e st ruggleagain,1 apartheid in South Afri ..

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should tale note th.ll. d"'pile Ih..... dill.r­""'~, thr ron i"",,,,,,, had ~n In.", 01 rigidadhrrenee 10 id..,logy and had suff""'" tilt ...po'turing and p'",ilion·td ki n~ . Th.. rulingideal had ","",ed to be the dev..lopmenl andwell-being of Soulh Africa', a li,,",,,,_

He ..id th....., had been a la" .leg..... 01('<>IIst'J\.'US uo the ills wilh,n the world ",on·omy, and onlh<' vil'w thai growth should bee>porl-orien lro, Howev..r. th..re ",d t>et"l1many diffeTl'lll:l'S over deta il, indudin~ til<'qu",lion 01 how best to .-..d ue<' prot~lion

and kI organis<' an export l'COnnmy,Lew;s Slres",d the imp'>rtance 01 invest'

m..nt and lhaldomesh' ""v ing was the keyto l7"wth_ F'"\~gn and dom""lic inveslm""td<'f""ld'-'<l l.lrgrly on ",rtainty in lhe busin.....dimal._ How. ver, he warned againsl lhe I...,·deney amonl(deve loping natiOll' 10di'gui,..Opr"'."v<, pn li,ies by invo king economicd,' velopment, ' All too " ften Ihe mOilo i,"$ik'nce! Devt'lopmml ~ ocrorrinlt",'

N"hng the ...Ialive ab!oence 01 discussionon liseal ~"u~ during lhe ('<,nl<'f'I'nc<'. lewil.l\."!IIinded d..lega l,," that Ihe fiscal p',]ici<'s ofa de mocratIC gowmm...,t .....,mld he crit icalin maintaining macro balances,

Reflecti ng on the ma na g..me nl of th ..Soulh Alrican eronomy ov..r Ih.. piI,l twod",ades, l ewi, said a dilf"",nt handling ofthe "'OIIumic boom 01 lhe 1'17Os would hawgi."" South Africa a w ry diffeM11 "",nomyfrom th.. "ne it had al p.......nt. 'You get outof Iwubl~ by slay ,ng ou t of Iroubk' headded.

Warning against the myth thai tl..- '''''' gicof the ma rker would ,olv.. all problems,Lewi, said gOl'..rnmenl int..rvention in the",onomy w.. n",es, n y, Tough deci, ion,n....d..d In be made In Ihrashi ng out Illedeta ils 01 wage rates, "",hange rates, and soon, in onkr to create a p'>s;tive, wm·....i n sll·"" tion, A lripartite approach. involVing bu,,·n,-"", larour and govrmm""t w'" a u",lulmechani ,m for forging poliCy. bUI how,",onomi.l. should work with polilician,was an issue which deserved much ron., id­eration.

'Eoon"mLsts mu.t unders tand the politicalrealities, and polilicallead""" mu,t under­'>land the "",trictions under which lhry oper­at.; h~ said _ 'Good policy and , u,ta inedgood policy will rome out 01 di"'U,,,i"'"

Sue V.lentine l. ld. ..•• med" 01_,

'Economists must understand tire

poli tical realities, and poli ticalleaders must understand till' res t ric·

tions under wll iclr tlleyoperate'

had become such an imporlanl, nlo>rnalionali5S"e, Hols t said the irony was lhatapartheid /I.1d bft-n COIIL~Ved and imple­menlt'd by ..-lll.,.,. from EuruP'"' wh,'''' lhroon<"<'f'l of human rights h.od b<>rn the princi­pal idea shaping mOOl'rn of"'!' socio>Ii....

H. Mid Soulh AfriCII had not only been a"lli5toric,ll.bernhon'. but bad also pro;e...1t'dan .llenuli ..... [" inttwalion and civic ..xiety- an ••dusive I••ger. father than an illdu­sive """'(y.

'Ap,ntheid and ethnk d<'ansing are prod­ucts of lh. Solme distortIng logic. The ide.thaI sodeti.. mo" be based on "ethnkpunty" COnfOlmS to " " till II.' (11 imal\inedcommuniti.. which divide human being.illio . ...... . and "lhey ' , all d the "they'occome d.'homaniS<'d:

Holst Sdid lhat South Alrica was both.th""aland. pn,mise to ,"tem'bmt" socie!y;• threat insof.. as it could l'l'l",at into the"lerile cnnllOntahon 01 th~ pa,!' , and arn'mi... III til<' ~'t...,l Ihat 'so "",ny <,fth~ , ,,,,nd, whi<h ,hape the luture 01inlffil<lhollal society intel'5l'd in SouthAfri<a' ,

Hol'l said 10 conduslon Ihal Ih•...,wa, only one viab l.. approach 10 th..cha llenge fadn g the w<>rld: 10 wor klogrlher nalinnall}' and inl.-mationallyHowever, he .1"" m'led Ihat lI\,hIUlion,were II<) .uboslilute for human ,ommitment.

To Tll<'<'t th.. d all""g.. tlwre lIN'ded to be,• Ih.. polilical will and a"ihty 10 ro-op<T.

at. across national Irontlers;• ..vid..""" Ihal Ih.. bene/Its of co-opero­

liun oulw..ighed til<' p',""ihl.. oollStrainls onf"-"'<lom 01 action;

• cuhur.1 d iversit y ralher Ihan do...'! .unH",m ,odeli •• ~ , ihlen. neeJ~d to I>eas,ured tha t th.r~ wa, no ,ontradktionhetw<'ffi IIII.matio nal mtrgratwnl""""P"'a·lion and Ih.. dee peni ng of , ult ur.1 andnational identity;

• improved eapacily 10 work togeth.r ­'l...n~lhened inslilutiOill., b<'t!<'r communiea­tion and mo," ration.1 w"lking m",hod.o;;

• a capacity h)f rr''''mlali''~ diploma<)',, rislS manag<menl and P""",k..."ing - Ihe"ealion 01a '''<"Cl1rity nrf to Slop di'P'lI""from beo,,,ming connict, and ronflicts in>m

""alating into wars,Th highlights of the ",nle...,n,e we",

ske l, hed by Ihe presidenl 01 Carl ..to nColI"lle, Slephen Lewi, jun" wh" was "'0­nomi"" advl"'llo Pak"tanln th.. l%Os. 10th<> Kenyan governm..nt io the ..arl.v N70s,and economic;; con, ultanl 10 th.. Botswanagovernnwnt fnl1'l\ 1975 10 tl..-mid-191lC1s

Rl'II1arking on the di...." ily 01 opinion andbarkgmund, amo ng conl.....m·r dd..gal,"',L..wi, so id th .. world and South Africa

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'Horrendous' resultsof economic populism

AC ANDID a nd....metimes pro"u­cali ve naly". or

w hal Suuth At rica ,u" Idlearn trum tilt- u tin Amen·ran """ nomic, was laidbcforp the con fere nce byElian. Card",,,. B,• • i1ianeconomISt a nd ''''>eialeprofe,,,,,, at Tutt. Univer.Slty ,n the Unitrd Sta!t's

In a wor ~in ~ gro upfocusmg on "pn..f""'1!' andproblem. o f u.ing a id.intern.lional loam anddome.tic , opilal to alle­, 'tale dome,he rove'l¥'.Card o.o arguN stronglvtll.1 the be.t poli"e , 10fight poverty wcrt' INer<>­,Iab,lity (keep ing Iheboo" !>dlanerol, 'ron,po,·enl I.. tran,/e,..; (Ih. t.,y" u pay i••pt'''1 visibly)and mv",tmcnt In .-dUCi ­non.

SI", .aid II><- ""lTt'l'du".Latin Am.'rican e, f't'lien<1'with «Ol1<>mic I"'puli'm ­h••vy bom1wing . marT(>-in'lability. prolochoni"n, "W' -VahJd I;Un ­would help ro n' -,nC( t>la(' k South AtncaMlhal "Ul 3Ulhoi.""pt'CLlI;on, could bo> im",,-~

dl~tcl v fulfjllcd, ~nd th~t OOlll<lml< popull,mwa, m"", c" , tly than C<ln,~r"aliw macro­«OII<>llIio;

Cardo..., said th,ll whil ~ 50m h AI,;ca ',8""'" do"",",,;" I"'lduct p"" caplla ISJ 050 m19'\11 ) ran~"d alon8, ~j~ Ih",", oJ the betl~r"" ff

latin Am~,;(an econom l~', di'pariti~" a.,*wre a.. Ih"", ," M....icn and Brazil w. ",d~.rly w ..bl~ when "anOll' Indl(aw", w' '''bro.en d"wn.

Drawing on Brazilian e",d~n,,,, . C. rdosodl\'W th"", rondu.io""

• inco me di .tribution can cha ngedram atically in I...s Ih.n one ye.r (in coo ·tra ,1 to th. bo>hef thai income dlStrib uhonchang.....lowly ""cep! throu~ war or .......,.IUllon);

• maero...,,,nomi,, Iralher thao mlero·cronom"" . nd the I.bour mark,~ ) " pldin., hort· lern< \'ar;'llioo. io inro",,' di>tribu lioo- i....'<ju. hty "ari,.. cyd ic. ll y. illCn'. <;i oll withinflal~m . nd u""mpl"ymt'ot;

• mmimum wag. l~gi ..lati"n d,,,,,, oul(Ilntribure 10 bo>ti,,. iorome di.bibuliuo ,

Card,."." , t"""'-'<l tMt, '" th. BraZIlian ca...dl'mO"-'lr.ted . the best w. y to help the poo rwas olll Ihrough manipul"ion ot pnC\'S andwag.... bul throul;Jt macrt>-\'Cunomic ,tahilll)'and a lrall>l"""ot la. -lran,l... ' Y51ern.

In hi. p r"" 'nt ation 10 thi , s~"ion , SAR.....rw E1a n~ ~o,"em", C1lri, SIal. said I"",,,was no bo>tter way 10 an,,,,er the po"ertyprohh.'Ol th,ln to provIde Mi.... and mo", ~,\>

opportunit"",Fund, k>r aid .nd .ul>sl51ence whIch we",

diverted lronl "ther pos.<i1>1e """ COllW pro­" d,' l,>ml""ary ...Iiel. bul in the long term.economic: groWl" <llfe" od Ih.. only p"'""ant'l\t",lution ,

'£eOllOmie populism is morecost ly thatreotlservat ivt'

"'''Cffi -I'COIIOIll ics '

~al, ""id th" linan,inK 01 .ocial upli il ·"""'I prow.m""" wilh toreign lund. oUem .1.n ilC<eptahl" altt-malive w th..· ',,""ptation'to crca .... mo", "",,,,,V10 ."'ppl.......nt do""...tic ""U"""'_

\-liht'l\ ",led whc~her h>l'\'ign . id "''-'\lId bo>gl~,j or bad f<lr the S"uth AI",·". l'Wfl<.""y,:.t.>l, ",id thai wh,l.. ii w"uld ('feat.. b.lldJ\Ct"01 payme"t d ilfj,u lti ... , it .1.., " He'ed ~

'OUfl;e 01 fu"-oign ""chanl:" which couJd lea.dto • n,,,,,, ",h..ed mO!l<'tary policy,

!\. summary nl som. (If the points ratsedbvC.rdoso lollows

• The imp.ct of minimum w'K~ polid..

Minimum wag e law,aIm at .ltering Ihe disl"bUl~m 01 incnme in law..of lo w. r·inco m" hou,.twld.. H"w....'er. mioim"",wag,.. eao I"'f"rn;ely bn.elit certai n w.ge...Jrn "f\at Ih,' "pen'" 01 " th.,...

For example, evid e"",how , t" al ,n Bra! ,In,"",a"" In Ih. ""I min>mum v..age wi d" n. 'in"'1u .Jily'. A p"" ibl.. 'p la n.tion lor thi s ilIh.1 .n in". ... in thominimum w.ge redu'nforma l em ploym.nt andIncr.a,... the num b.. <llwor ~." ou t,id. I",molemploymt'nt ",ho """,i..I. .. than the min im....wage,

• Th. impact of . tab ili·w lion on pov.rty

JU>t •• populi, m "" lid,lor th. 1. 1•• drum Ihatg row lh p. r ca pila ca,. ... ed productivil7gro"'lh . Ihe question or

wh.. lher Ihe I"'0r ,u fl~r Irom ad ju, tment:prog" mm", f'C"'" a lab. dIlemma,

Adjus tmenl programmes which red u,",~o,'.mm"" t 'pending alld d",'alue cum""'!'h..·• Ih. eUecl 01 rnludog l'I'allnrome andincl'I'.,ing un""'ploymenl in Ih. , hort runBut adfU'lment is unavoidable in m<><l «\St'5.

. nd the decli"" In wellare during su,h pn>gr. mmes deri,'''' in good m...,u.... irom c0n­

dI tio n, Ih.t .,i. ted pr inr 10 , u<oh pro-,~r.mm", - d,..Jining lerm. 01Ira<le. lNU<Nextt'l'nal fi""r.ce, ,nrn'a.....J debl st'f"K't' 001\1>.and unsu'laiMble dch,iffi,

In the final analy",", inJ1allOn, slah,fj""ll"". nd . dju,lments . ... c.....Uy .nd the only (011'

,i,t.ol .It.mali". " I"'n to gOVt>rom. nt< ~

the maint....ar.ce 01 , onservatiw ma<"f<\-t'<Vnnmic pnlicies , On Ih••e grou nd . , th.Colomhi.ln model >land, oul,

Allhough lhe be""fil. nf poh..", a'" vet),10'" 10 ari"" and I"'''''rty has nol sho",n I, iKmf..anl lmpnWt'lllcnl. lhey """" to t...t~most . u it. hle in the long lern<,

•• Poverty program me.

T"" lighl ~g;>in't poverty need. to (Oln­b"", policies lhat . Ilow Ih~ roor to ifl<"""' u' rent (On. umptiu n, with InVt'stment t"Kenera", futu'" growth oIth",r Income

Th..... pnlid... mu.t cons id . r tho hn k,bo>tweeo inoome. h~alth and Nucahnl\. "n4give 'p"'dal . mphas i, to fem. le N ue.ti""

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given the .....ill""'.... that women', education!los a Hmng f'O,;bv~ ~ff<"ct in m:J urin lt fmil·lty ' at"" and child mo.t ahly,

'Brst way to Il r/p the poor isnot tlm JUgl1manipulation of

priers alld w agrs'

The d eba te on povert y prog ra mm e,lI'IlIolin:l optm. The qu""t,on, rcv,~ve arou ndtwo is."'l$ fin;t ly. tho> inl"'1''''tatl"n of van·OU$ scrill indicators and ",",ondly, how toUndo>r,;ldnd the change In lndifalO... - we",

they d.iven bv mMro-«omom;c d~vel" p­

m<"l11j; ,>r by",,,,.. I f"~ i<"",?

rovt'rly proI(r,l mm,.. ma~ [", a ""a ~ ctf sig­n,ficantly improvi ng the , ituation of thef"X>T, The Brazilian """mple shu...... Ihal edu­",ti(,n can aceoull l tot much of lhe lJ\<XImedi' p.l rilv, whil~ Bobvia. Me , ico and Chiled,'TJl{In,t.a te that health and income ge,,,,.a­tion are oth.. im?".t ant a",as f". policyfocus,

In "mer 1<' talo: the finot ,tep in aU""i.:lMgf",,'e rty, lhe,e "xa mplt"S , huw thai SouthAtTI ca will ne~d to com nme agg.e",vepuvert y progra mm es w ith co,,,e .vat,,'ema" l'<'-f'C<,nomic p<>li";"",

Aid: Cubacounted outCLQ,ELY qu",tioll<'d "n cnnd ,tions ,n

Cu ba by Suuth AI.ican Communistrdrty economi,t Es,",'p rahad, Bru ihan<'Con"mi, t Eliana Cardoso wamoo al\"in,t....Iying un fo....;gn su\>sid,,..and lo"ns.

Sht- .. id lhal ln 1~~9 Cuba w", "ill asd'p"ndent on sugar production a, il h.ldho.'e1\ in 1'l5~.

Thl, , ituatinn h.>d an",n "",au,", of theva,t loa ns a nd sub , i d i~. Cuba hadrt',,~i v~d from til( S'wiel Union, whichhaJ n,.d~ il possible 10. a counlry with apoor ""onomy to enjoy .od al ind icators(health and ,'\lucalion ' l"h·m.) lhal wen>am ong the b,,1 in th~ We, tern hem i­'phere,

TIw prohlem w"-, Ihat in 1'1'12. 101k,,,,,,n!:lhe m lla p'" of th~ 5<I" icl Union and theWlthdr.w,,1of s,"'i<1 , ub<,idi"" tlwre wen>now food ~u""", and children W'-"" goingblind as" "",u lt of Vllam,n ,horta~.....

A, ked whet h~, present ..und itions inCub.> w..... not lhe "-,,ull of 1110: """hnoedUn i l~d 5 t . t~. blodad~ uf th~ i,land ,rath.. than the withdraw"l of suh,idit'!;,Card,,,,,, adamantly dt'l'llul'l'ed.

She a..howledf;ed lha t the exc~lIenl

h,..lth and education , .ystem in Cuba wasthe producl not only of rommuni. t bloca id , nut aI,,, the impl.me nta tlon of a,ocial ist .~'Stem which favou,,'<1 equality. nd a ~ood dislribulion of "rill h<:nefilS

However, she ,trcssN that ·tll<' ' yslemw,,,-k..,J well to p"",ide an equal and min­imum . ta ndard of livi llg, '" lung as itcou ld ",Iy un the So>i cl Union', As a pro­dllClion 'vsl<'1O it did ""t work. The ..""n­omy was lotally deprnd..nt 011 sUl\"r andth~r. wa s no incentive to wo. k..... l>sente.i 'm wa . a hult e prnb l.m inCuba.

She ""id in 1'192 Cuba w. s an """""my'hvmg otf ,p..... pouts' . All th.. t'ducationthai had bt>en buill up could su,'ain nei­lh", """ pi.. nor their high id",ls.

She said th,' US blockade had been inf" n;e Inr 30 y"'''' but the USSR ' ubsidi....h.ld m.\de il possibl., fot Cuba to ..,"·i,....'The mnmellt the sub.idi"" dcsapp"ared ,lhe whul., Sl"tem "onapsed,'

An.ious nol to be misunde.. tood.Cardr-.;o stfl'SsN the importa"", of ",rialr"'gramm~s . 'We wan I .ocia l p ro­g. ammes: . he 5.lid. 'but we wanl "",ialp",wammes th.t SUbsldi"" them,.,l"",:

THIS PAGE SPOtISORED 8Y MERCEDES BENZ SA (PTYI LTD

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Why has it become the

fight to differ?

The right t(

The links between ethnlelly,kl&lltlty and nallonall8m weredell berlled at an Internallonal

gatnenng In Grahamlliown f&C&Illly.PETER VALE gIVes hI,

Impressions.

'I LOVE my C<JU/\lry 100 mudllo loo a....ti<JNli.o;.t: wrole ' he ni.bm',ali.1ph,looopht-r, All'om Cam"". P.....p'

tho AIIl"';an-OOm Fl'l'f\Chman ~n~w "'''''''"thi"8 whK,h "",ny Nve only ""-",,lIy 1't'roII­n-J - a ........ of lueal c>rigin .. imp"",,n'b«ao~ It helps indiv iduals und e..' ondrapid change

Cm ainly ' he ri5t' of loca l "",Lo l mov..­,""",to mvariouo ra'" of lho world - 1M for­mn SoViet Union .od Yugosl.via a ll' Ihebeol....mpk.. _ ""lQ;"'" thaI tIK> nation.... t•.•• we know it. iJ und~r ..,me th",at fromlwlow. Rut~ th;, Nnkl>ring - howl.-v", ititd~ up - "",.n the ~~f>a!ofethnicily .. a IOfC1' in p.llitiCllI mobili",'ion?

This "' Iion .nd tlk- logic which ond<-!'·piIIII i~ w al n... mil' of a ronfenona.o ho.ok!lof all . pro p ri. l. plu• • l in th 1820Mon" ","",t In Gr. ham........... Orgaoi...,.l byRI\od... Un'"....;ty .lnshtut. 01 S<>ct.al .ndEconom ic It . ...,ch In eo nloncho n w, 'hNa '. l UOlVu"ty'. e . nlr. of Social a ndo.v.lopm.nt Studi.... Ih. conl~Il'''''f' wa.Ilk- third.•nd moot amtoilioUs. In . ........ 10d.lilw.l. ' n" Iinb tootw"",, ethnidty. idl'II­lily and nat.......l~.

Wilh c","" on 200 participanb . nd oomr70 pa p"'" from , ,,tler.d d is<:i plln~ toci'loo5e- from. I""," WI' nell and p"hocal aa­dernK I.",.

h pe<,.dly ..,m. houy old f.ithl"l.rotul1l<'d: . Sou,h Afrialn acOld..." ic ,,·ho. bymet"ro<lokJg1cal . leight 01 hand. ""'lIIg<od to,how thai ethnidly w•• played ou' dUringtill' old Union of South Afric1I only in.....-ew".n blarlo d.liv.....:! viol.nu on ot" . rblacb. (E""" thIS hard ·bUI"" mbc 0It<1Cia1tlirnCl' had 10 ca.-.fully wale" r",. ee mu·ron he rN<hed mlo the btack bo>lOdr.wt ronduoions).

Bul I""'" w.... the ..~. rno<t 01 tlk­ra~ Wf'I!' of an . otroonlillJ.ry "'.....hly. Thiowa "ot ourprioing oin....· lhe galhering hast.lkm two y...~ to organise and dfl'W portic­(ponls In"" pia,," ~ f., . lio>!d '" IlanvloNl,Il~Tli n. Ilo rd• • u >, Ilrlln~1 .nd Ilrighlon ,Africa W8ll _>ngIy ~h'd "ilh popmf,om Lt . " th" , 21mbabw~. Nigeri . ,Mad.gasca r. Malo"';' N.mibia: not to mrn­

. " un, of COli ..... many p.pe" from SoulhAfrica.....

Partiril"'n t~ .vuid..J dd iniog . thnicily,But .........rgued lhal "S"ifan' oronal bam·

u

..... tMna ll'd grou p from group and thattn- a", mportant • • tt.o... whICh distin-gui." ind ividual from lOdividu.1. If th....,Ch,n..... ..,_". a", to be call..J ethnicily,t...... lair enough.

In this gu,"". .thmcity is ti.o.lly bmign. nd. as • tnul~ i" _ ion IS ,~ tht ,."..y.... ---<tiff.....nCl'--n<>W-yO\l-cloo·1 kind: inth is uod. rs18oding . t" . g. ni. of e t" nlcd.......rnv.."... N . not boer.. ",I",sed In....till' pull'icaol hoIlk.

To a""l" that et"nirity io hannlroo IS ,,,.cc.pl lhal 4 l/fer~n<~ i, lea, ,,'. ' o nt '~

mot!lfr·. k""". n...r,. WI' plenty <~ <'rid....,..lu , uJ'I'C'" th;' f'fOp""itiun . although oomt.........""""" W<'R' not 1""f'IM:! It> ...... moIh­'B wh.t m.....g... w .... pa• ....u on in lhe

form of lulLobin.nd child"",', gam....!Iut IS th•• so: i. rthnirlty be.ugn and 10

4,ff.........., """,-,Iy hannle..1In<>l< lowar-d. I/Ie Bal...... and~~

b' hom•• • nd It is o!wiou< that I'" wall l...bieh ..."..ratr group from group.", not aJbmign: till' kl1~ng firld. of N. ...l.nd Jb;nia1"'1 . diff........t lair to ,"" ....... """",,Uy lra mlin childhood oIumt>rr.

W"y I. it th. t I"e r ight 10 difln h..Momr till' "glu Mdill..?

Fo. Ihi~ co.....p"nd.... t, I" • • n.w wa,p..,vldl'd In Iw" fil>Cina t<ng p......n lions.n... <IIlt' OIudy ul Pu..-to Rici n <Tad:-d...l.... In N York'. Harlrm; Ih. "'Mr••study of id hty • ...J w.ri in IOUW ........ ElhiupLo , Ilolh paf'l'A w fin am-

:lifferpi.. of lh~ ,·thn<>g,aph.,' . (r. ft: !om,ih,,",insighltuJ, ((In"';"", of wid<>r oondih<ming

=11\5"'"""".In the Pue'!o Rican ,tudy. lhe ,;,en... "f

group and individ ual alienation ollhi .""migrant communIty - a communIty who,po'ado,i<call y ar. US citizens - is SImply"[ounding. Disaffechon pla ys ou l inl{<rnurwl<'S., ."counte", with th,' ",ta~li.h ·

""-'Ill: I'3Ch oj Iii"", ends b.l<:~ in I"" bdl. oftho uoo...-wo,ld.l. it any .urpri.... tken. ih.llEnglish is the Llngua~ of I"" m"""y-wu,-ld,wbi\e Sf'dnish is th< 1.t%'Uage <>I the ,11!>ef'The m.......g. of the f'df""" was simple, almootell'gont although til<> 5 1"'''!:''''''''l is .rut.>."""Po"*" to it .,.. aslu le.

'"'" Ethiopian .tud~ dn'w bdckwa,d, to"'''''.1"1. lh. ritual. of the Mu",; with the.low, bul certain ""lui.<ihon ui 1m- m"'l15 tl>

dellve r death tu their a ncient f"e s, theNyang.tom ((,ften . nown .. lIume). TheihruOi of tho> arguml.'tll is that the Mursi ........... to coovert their m....ns of killin~ from.World War l1-\1nla~e Mannhch,,, rifle 10 lhe

nHNICITY

Kala, hnikov """i-aulom.hc. Thi, develop­menl follows. Nyangalom massacre 01MUl'Si wo""'" aOO child"",.

This upgrade will certainly deliver mo",1<> lhe killing fidds of S<lulh-w",t"", Hhio­pi.> but. in tn.. opinion of In.. papt'r's autlmr.will p",bably m,t aUl'<t the sanctity of the"""'lOOny whid bloods the young fllr war.

Alienah'm and aTm5 a", a lethal rocktaili:>o.'eause they permit in the ab,en,e of astrollg ' lalt', wanlon destruetion in the name"f diff"",nce. Thn"l\lgh mis. the ril\J.'l~ oj elh­nicity feed downward spi rals which sap thewry soul of society' !h;' ig the t,.....", 01 cth ­nidty mobiliseod In the call'" of pc,wer.

'17le search forunderstanding thc world

of hum an relations mayhave only jus t begun'

:<;01 surprisingly iu a w""k in which Pet..­Mokaba and Eugene Tet<e'Blancne bt,thuS<'<! inflammatory ,latem""t. to pomp upthe npecutlon, 01 Iheir ,upporlers, Ihefutu'" oj Soulh Africa W;l'; ,'ery much on lhemind, of conft'"""", delega les.

By.1I "",,'unts. 5<>uth Alrica's bla(k youlhare deo;>ly .li"""h'tl f",m b<>lh the rountry'sageing t'Slabll,hm.:nt and from the very pro­""6 which is "'~'king to bring ,Mnge. This.and tilt' rounlr)' Sself-mulilati<>n _ """t of ilby handi;un or lhe notonous AK47 - pen­od ically focused the confe",nce on Whal. ifanytiling.. rould be done in Ihis particularmixtu... of alienation.nd anns,

The "''1'}' fac1 oj diff""",,,, in South Africa.., rertainly mo", obvious tMn ebewh"", inIh. world. And, far more imporlanl ly, dh­nidly is mo", e'plo.ive berau.. Ih..... wrydiffer.nc", _ and olher symbuls of raCe ­h..·• h••n us.d by aparlh.id to se;:urepower and privU<'gt'.

For some. the gold"" thTt'ad of nnn-nldal­ism will prot",t Soulh Alrica Ihrough lheI"r",nt which ",,,,,ntly rag... And lhe pointwa, mad. during Ihe same wl't'k tha t bothMuhba and T.....·BI.neh....Ir.ated fromthe cthni< .l>yso, But to a",--ept non-racialismis to a<:cept difference: .her an. tor lbeUmlui .hack dweller. English is the lan­goal;" of tire money world. while Zulu is thelanguage of the oIher.

The ,ltallC'llg' is. ""Tt'ly, to e",u", that dif·fe,ence d~ not becom. Ihe lan8uage ofmobik'atinn. If it docs, then ...Iecti", politi­cal memory dicks into the dist'OU= and cth­nie identi ti., btxome increasingly set in. Ione. This is lh. beginning of Ihe h",ren­dou. "pe".n"" which . in lh. memory of

Soulh African,. is Sll clffie al handBUl i:>o.'yond South Africa's "gony. lhe",

was a dt't1"'r yearning in Grahamslown: ay.arnlng which g""s 10 the v.ry hearl ofwildt w. - social scienl;'" and othem - thinkw. know aboutlhe world.

In lhe counll"", efforts 10 avoid defining.thnidly hut ''''''Pling tM t dilfermcto - evenof the Chi""", SCIW1l variety - was a fact ofpolitical Iii., some of lhe world'. tinesl slx'alscienlists w.", slrang.ly unable 10 exp"'..'lhem..,lv.. in Gr.ham,town,

This. 1"0, i.. nol snrpri5ing .The dyna mic: of fl"C<'nt cMngt'S ha~ ~n

oolhing short of ",,'olutirmary; is iuny W<,ln­der lhal it has ta ken ",me time for Us 10und."land, let al"n. exp la'n it 1leI<'Tt'lhecoilapse of Slale-a>ntrt'd commu nISm. pow'.rful ronecprual id•., h. ld ,way. They w"",,,- or at kast we thought they ",e", - bridges10 underslanding lh. , onfu, ion we "pc­rit'flC'O'<labout u"' "' bridg", to lhe fUlU....

But Iht'Y failed to h,>lp undo>rsland 'Mngeand its e/ftw; If ethnicily is alive and livingin every ,hild how wnuld we ,,"ow il waslher.1 How m,ghl an A"stral ian anth.,,.poligisl e"plain why Ay.rs Rock. lh.Aboriginal shrine, "'as mo", sacred lMn lheSydn.y Crick.t Ground ? How m1ght anarmed white policeman suu",t to a tnwn·ship yo"lh thai h. ,hould - in the in lere;ts oflheir common Soulh Afri,ani,m - lay downhis Al(-47?

Th.... a", not the questions of Ihe idle rich;In,,y ","eh mto tho hu"", of ,,",c'TV 1"'''"''' in •""rid wh«h......". more certa in "f tragedylhan il did he/ore Berlin's nolori"us Wal lcrumbled .

Th. l....'-On of Graharmtown WaS that. inmany war', the ..arch for hoIh understand­ing and d""ription of the world of humanrelatiollS may ha,'e onl~' ju,1 begun. Ile<:ansethe bridges which theory promi.ed h.".tu rn<'<i to dust new way. uf nnd_andingthe w"rld will have to be .'plored. And tlte"'o, ds ", hich hav. so ",..ily dripped fromour lips - elhnicily. iMnt,ly. nationalism' thelist i. endl"" ~ lh..... will MV' to be cal\'­fully w.ig h. d and e . en more ","fullyweighted.

As Ihey "" 001 on Ihis "'ork_ how,."......social sdenti,l~ mighl d 'aw Comfurl f",mlhe f'ci lhal so"," bmel... Jiturgi<-; will ron­hn"" no matter wh,t. During lhe ronl<'''''''''while--<!. uM Xh= YOUln c'IIg.1ged in a cir­rumeision rilual - ",hich far predales ihearri.-ai of the Iirsl British ",IU... 10 lh.Easle,n Caf'" - on Ih. "ery Gunfire HilJupon which the monument 10 South Africa' ,English-s"..akers is silualed.

P<lorr Vat. i . rnc."h prof...", and co-<Ii_orof Ik. C. nl.. for Soulkem Mri,an Stodi.. . 1

Ike Uni....IIy of Ih. W..lem Cap<.

Why the mediamust love to be hated

s""nding. the ""ks of mISmanagement and,'o""pli"n at1' ev..... &""'t....._

Addi""n '"'y' m,ldern libl'r-ation mo","ment s haye tend..d to mi, th . mediaworker ', role ....ilh that of tilt' ~lUl1Idhst. Thejournali,1.. media wo, le, is e.pt:<tl'll tomobilise, orga";",. dctivate and t""ch the~~.

'Th" remam, CClntrov.. rslal beeau,e "dep;Ht< from the parad igm of jaurnali>lkobj<'<tivi!y. lluI, clearly. d," 'el"pmeol jOu,­nalli.m must ~pring: from thisapproa<h.·

The crt'<'d of ot>;ectivity, Addi"'m puin",out. grew up with the world ', new' 'g""'­ei. " whkh aimed 10 'ell the ir ,'ori... tonewspa pers rangin!: across the politic'l'pcctrum - <;0 OOjccti,ity ha, an in' t",n,O'\1­tal ".Iue rath..,. than be,ng , rh11"""ph'calabsolute.

In South Africa the ~ewspaper Pr."UnlOn's cooe 01 conduct ltcjeded bv profes­'ional union,) endowed the ma~" n"""f"­1"''' with the ",I. of ~ommon carrier> ofnew ~. pu talively free of bi" ' >r ...ction alinl........L

'J! wa, no' "", of rou~: says Addi""'_The corpo,ate med.. elaborat.d a rac,allyfragmonll'll system of news and v,ew~ ,nwhi~h ",n5ilivo iloms w""' either ",If-<:",,­,"-,red "r "bal.n<ed" WIth the "ospon"'" of!It.". , pokespcr,,-,n, '

In th. Iin,1 analy"i~, ..yo Addi,on . • 11rommllnleation I""""'nn..1h''''e JOUmali.,ti,""P""SJbilil;"".....hil. the >OCial "'"ron'iNli­Ii... of journali, m imply ""m<' romn'itm<'nt10 drmO<Tati~ .alu... and 'l<l<ial upliflm<'nt.

'Tho ronn,'cIing link i, the ,d"a lbat rom·mlln>cation set"'<'> thc righl of all p,,"pk l<Jknow. "'I""'ially to know .bout Ihln!\, thataffect their IIv... directly - M developmentprogramm... a", indt'<'<! d...igned l<J do:

Addi",n conclud... Ihal the ""''' ml'didhave an importan t role I" play in bothm"bilt.ing ,upport I,'r prof;ram",... and indrawlng allel\b<m 10 thoi"horlroming>.

He u"""., an "",mpl. th" Sm,,,t.,,, whIChhas b....n comm,tted by ed itor AggroyKlaaste 10 'nalion·building· , Thi. eomm,t·m"nl """'il, both "'Pl"'rl for liberation and• crili,,1.Wlllde tow.rd. th~ condurt 01mo,·emenls.

DEVELOPMENT ~umali,m is essenti,,!Iy criticdl and ad'·~Nln.l, acrord ing 10Graem~ Addison, head <>f jouma lism allm, Natal T"dmik"n. In a paper on the'wa tchdog role' of dewlopmenl joumah, m, Add ,son argues IMI devd opment

joumali"" ,h'>uld identify wilh the grassrootsand maintain an adv~rial l\'lahonship

....ith ,lUlhori ty and a crllical di'ta ne<' hum d"vl'lopml'lll planners,H., draw, a distinction ~

by no mean, rut·and ·driedthough - b.>tw....n ' journal­ism' and 'mNia work', thef,,,,,,.... t>.ing """"iatO"d withthe rna.. med ia , whil.mMi. work had, jl!l pia", in d ~\'dopm"" l

organi"'l;""•.' [),>vd"pmenl joumali,m ent. it.. pro­

c"l'SS uf ."cul auditing. II "1",rt. un d""el,,1'"ment project" "''''''''''' them, and f1<.'ctstheir value for those whom they 0 ,up'f'O'<'d to ,..,...,..:

Add iw lI nnl"" the dilemma ""diN fNC<lmmumly mN i• • many of .... h,eh Origl­n.att.'d In the struggle .gainst . partheid . bythc' critical functi"n of d",,~l"pm""t journal­"m and ""'<lio wort.

'It is a dimrult t,a n,ll~'" lrom "'"."Iuti,,"­. .... rh"'ork to the actual bus,1l<.'SS of go""",'menl . Will a critical I" h.rilance t,an,l al.into . Itvoly cu ltu re of c"t id,m in Ihofulu"" One hO.... ,;cI, a",j the is",e i. '" lhoI"Mnml 01 many m'",js in tho modi. '

Addi""n """sell Ihat if ·the poopl" are 10bl'ser"ed by the media, the 'f""'P Ie's vok'e'cannot be ~onfu;ed wilh the voic.. of gov·rmmrnt, 'An opl""ltionallrame "f mind ­own if Ihi' du..s nol '''n,late into directpolitical "ppu;ition ~ is the best guaranteeth.t >OCial Iran""l"rmatl,," will bI' carr ied{lilt in the In",,...,,,, of th.. p00p1e:

o.nl"pmenl commun l~a tio ns a l large0...,.J to t.. cnti~a lly dnwn. says Add ,<;on.altlwugh il is nol alway5 easy to a, k pia",questi"n , . and e>t"'c1mg straight an,w"", isalm""t certain 10 uP"d !""'PIe in lhe projecthierarchy,

'Tim<' and again in lhe ront...1of project"mroia work"" enrounte, l'Vid'>IKe 01 mnfu·. ion . la~k of consullallon, delaY', 10s5<".mism.nagemenl, corruplio" and pla inabu"", of power. A critical 'nput is needrdto alert the communil ,es . organ,,,,,tions ,manag"""'ots and '1"'''-'''''' to the sign' ofmlsdln'CI,,,n and ",..If",sa"ce.

'U I. ollen d iflicuJl fo' p""ple workin!:wilh organisalion< to oir co"-<I,,,~tiw m H·ci!m ~. Tneir own ideology ma y inhibitIhem, but al,o Ihe organisation may . up­p""" mfLlfrnalion and deb.tle:

Addi>on says ",,,,.11 "" elations about tilt,I.rg"""al. rorruplion in the Dcparlmem 01()eJ.'elopmt'l11 Aid sUAA"'t lhoot developml'l1lis one of t"'- a"", whe'" the pn"'" ""...:1,10 he l'Sf"'daUy vigilanL With IN coming 01a majority goy"",menl committed to 50Ciai

"

MEDIAAM•

By RONa SCHEFFER

r!J), tr!.i! ,,., (A,>ffmJ NJ"" ,>ja and H.i" Morai.,," Wcork In Pn>gn"SO

A new(s) angleon development_ ia~ and the majoflly of prople """",~nnin~ lo ro nve' ge - and lhat It was Ih('fl'­.... ml u"""lisli, to ."ume thai new,p" ­~ woo.ld l>rrome mn", n'I.-v.nl ., devol ·""'01 too l. in the n•• , futu re 'Th•• hlt~nlrk, Eu"""nlric g.t. k.....!"', i. on110: 'Ilf"$ and be,ng ,werta""" "" hc' '''')': he

1'Ili:l, .

I i,ppon m. til<' "'n.... ""' tentiun came fromlIonl/ansen, l'",up .ditor of Klrrhdo ' p~> tho flagship oj • netw",k ,~ f......h,'l'Is,""log \own.. _ and I\{lw aL.., t,,,, .,,,h ipo; _ in!bl "'gion, She said lh. If.n.illon to a ",,""~dusiv. fe. d . " hip w.. not ,,,,,i, ted by~. or '""ell the Irad, llOMI "'.d..... and...,:;:::: w.... showing ".ady growlh in

~"mi Naldo<), dIrector llr ,'<lu<.lwn wi th~ Trust ,.,id lh. <"lIm\!; of the <:I'm"", '·llol p in ed U<:a lilln. alt hough probablylrell nin~ had nol yield<"ll high edua -~I value. H. said Sa<lIed h. d recen lly

'pproached to takr lM'1" the th..... <'du­~\ !"g'" that appear daily i~ lh~ Alri""ldtnor, of n",S I.,.

11 uew' pa...... thruu~~uut t~~ ~u u nt,y

besrn carryin~ ~ig~ qu.>lity, fl' lev.~t Nuca·li"nal s up pl. ", . nt. whi~h ad dr..,m''l\inali,...,j ronstitu.-n,,,... Iht'll tilt, educa­linn mowment .. a whole .... ill . lso havo av,,"tN i~I"J"l'S1 tn , upporting .uch ~""""'p'.

pm: ""id Naidoo.Tht' o>n~'l'm«' - mm:ilully po'Thap" - did

~01 .f't-'Pd mu~~ hm<' debahng d~hnilK>'" ofdevelopulenl. Snmo m ntributiun. did ~ow·

ever I n d , ~. t o I~ .lt ~orilOns hav e btoen.~Irnd<'ti around .... ~al <on'titut... de""lop"""'PI, and how il could 1>0 J(~i","f'tl ,

Addres,ing himself 10 Ill<> lerl of the politi·ca.l spectrum, Hein M.r.;';.•;.sisl.lnt edi t", of\\IiJrk In Progm.•• ""id """'ia (In the k-f1 ~.d

yl'l 10como it, unde"tantl that d~""l<orn.nt "not ..mplv abnut ~ouSlng, c1in,cs, road •.well•. literacy. Clvies and so on,

'Fundament.Uy if. abou t cMbimg SouthAlrkan, 10 live up to tht'ir polenlial" to Ii""their Ii..... o"""si,'.ly_

'U mran.< "'-"'<>gn;'ing lhal lile dL"" everyS" lu,day night mighl c.o"Y as mud, imp''''tance - d....,. lor menl - '" leeping !I1e clinicon the go,

'Th. I.It', avcrsion to popu la, rult",e is

mm. I~an an ""'bar">'m....l. mOl '"I~an an alha lrt~ aroond ilS pmudnecl _ it', a ba,i c.o lly autlmrita"""posttw toward. t"" mass 011""""',and Ihe l"es illiv..:

Mara .. ,aid I~e left .houldl... ""ploflng the ap!""l or popular~~ lerta i ~m t'~ 1 lih ,oa p ope ras.nd l"'rlI Imm thi, when add"",,"ing it.. ll to I h~ comm unity,'W~y .ren·t ....~ wtih~ g >Oaf'" Ih.1pm jo"t Ihe valu~, wo ." pir~

towartl" ,h.1Wf' l OllWttw: aud,en",01 Kwa l~ . la ~on ini a'p"e.to....ard. ?· "" ..l ed

Spt'aling on developmenl priori­ties in tho ,outher"" Amcan reg,on.nd .... lih.. lhal ......de lh~ medi••Vilfl""" T.~-I<1f 01 th.. Univt""ily 01Ih.. We. tH n Capr. ,~id in ma~y

in".nt·~ ' I~~ gap bet"'",," thmedia a, agenl. of chang. and thepeople', coner"te ....lily "",mod tobe Il,rn,,,,ng,

The media. , he .. ,d. , howed. Irridoney 10h ,lol Ih.. number and r'~gr of SOK1Jl pro!>­It-m. tal""r lhan tltt- intt'IL' ity. tlte rool •• 0......

and aL", lho;;r WM are lite """I vuln.... blt­Ru,al a....a•. inlormal ""Ulement•. child ....nand youth and women wo", . mong tn.- pri­ori ty .",a, 1h.11wo'" no! g'wn eoou~h alten­hon...id T.ylor,

Sho argurd Ih. t qo,lr <>11m the , mpon.nc~

ot med,. in prt"","m~ oooal .~.ngr w•• mis­con~ci,N _ 'The media. in par! beea u"" ofhow il opt'r.I"" and the funeh"" 'I f"-"rlorm;does nol play . cr itical role in pUlling lor­w.rd Ih. orig in•. the rool c. u... of """ial1""-'l'lem5-'How~'.r,,os th,· ",'u th,,", Africao r""ion

~ll~mrt' to promtlt. n.-gional mlt-grallon andeconom,c and >I<lci. 1m-t'f't'ralilln 10 add"",tho developmen t em" . Ih. m<'ti i. "'-"-'CI . 10d,'lermine Ihe . Xlenl to whICh it can be a ca" ·I~·, t f ,"chan~o

News . hould nol 1>0 unly . co l1t'C1'oo ofraw ract' .b<'ut Ihe wurld , rt'!1t'<ii ng ~V<'nts

wilh d<'batlhlr bol ""'piricall~ detl'ml' Mbleaeruracy

'Il is . n importont p;>rt 01 th~ ru ltoral 'J"'"1em of ""><I",,, 0<l<lt1y, ramcuJarly mncrrnrdwllh provid , ng, in. prelimlOary fashion,frameworks lor ~~nd~ng "ew and rrcu mnsprOOle1O' of and /or soci"')l-'

Whether !I1r meJia could hrl p 10 pro'-id..fra1Orw,,,k. for new and old problem, w••an important p;>rt of I"" eh. llenge. ·It calls forIh.. di recting 01 aUention in a I'l'S pon,iblemanner low.rd••om~ IJ'P<'" and as peels 01,~mAict and ,hang.: Mid Taylor

Ron. 15c~.ff.. u pmcl,," ;,," ",,"<Jrcl j""ID' InId... ·• moM;. d.".""",nl.

"TllIS PAGE SPONSORED BV NAnONAL BEVERAGE SERVICES (PlY) LTD- _........................

AFRICA•

A mull I-party democracy without a strong civil society couldamounl lo 1I"le more than a res lructurlng of the political elile.

Allica learned this the hard way. accordln.g to a paper presentedat a recent conference In Senegal.

Liberation No 2: whatdifference to the poor?

BY MOI RA LEVY

Af RICA'S (urr~fll

'M m",n tic ,no·lulion' , in whICh

k>m1<"" OI1'~piIrty . tal", aft'hold ing • <>r a t I~..tIJlnounctng t heir in!<'nlion

to hold - m\llll'part y~alk el""tions. Tt'p­I'<"<nl> a political . hift ofoome .ignilicon, • . lnler-"aliona1 0\>1;,-1"''', fund... in f"rtiruJu,have welcomed lh• •• mOVe' with some...hd . as . ig!l$ of. proc.,,; of n>lorm which,if il oc!lil:Ws IIf'lhmg .1"" WIll at lea.. legit­i", '... lhe (onhou,tion " l lh. i, funding..~

How""..., fnr Iii.,... u" t"" ground. many01 thrm rural p". ... nlll, I"" delllocrali",!iuo

f'IOC"'8 '\l"" ''''"' not a turning point, but."'skat .nd inevitable <onlin"..lion of the~ 01 und..rot·v",""pment ,

Thcir .'f"-'l'ience is b<-ing romf"rod to theNrlk'Sl pmod 01 p".t..,,,lonlal ", I. , replete... iI was wllh bmken pl'llrn,,",,, and IInlul­ll1led . ' pec lalion , . Aft• • mul!i-pdfty ..I",·lim. in )(m y. , Angul.t. Zombi.!.. Cameroon,ordi""r)' p..."pk. f"rt icul."iy rural pea",nhl,4'" finding th.mselve, in muc~ lh.....m.p""itl<m a, bel"..., facing top-down d.m~

CBtk driv.. "'~ich ~ave much tu dtl wit~

"",,,ring old or alternatl'" power eli~ . tJ,Jthttle to d<> "it~ land ",.,jistnbutitln Of . ..c;"l

"'Mn eir e>p.'i. nc. is ,umm.d up by

~ th lo pi.n prol.....r F.nl" eheru , anI!(UJ\<lmist base<! at lhe American UnlVl'fSity.in Itio ph..... 'f" rli<'i f"hon "ithn"t ompuw­- ,.

In . f'o' ...... p.......nt<'<! to. ronle...na> ond vll S<l<irly and domncratic theory, h.ld atI~ Goree lru.titute, Sent'llal, he argu,>d thailhe '"I1rrmt camf"lgn for multi·party Monnin Its pto'SI'nt lorm i, unltkely to bring !lUb­, taotl.l economic aod politic.1 changes to~ daily lives of the ""'i<>ril)' of p""plI' onthe African""nlin....l.

jll.<t like the struggl./or ind.pendencethai pnnd<'<l It lhe domocratisalioo movt'­lfIt'nt amou nts to mobilisi ng p,...,ple ofdioer", cl•••• ""cia I and poht ical ba,k­lPWnds uoo..- the lead"""',p <>I an Alricantniddl..·d."" elit... Also in common with lhe'first liberal""'" of Ihe l'lo'ils "'. tende'lC)' tomphaoi"" . tru!\8),. at Ih.. Iev..l of ron.ttto­tion. 1...form, where Ihe focu' i, "n vole­cakb ing and building puwer b.lses, .od 10'gnnl\' civil ""d.1)' whe... ordinary "",'pleCan be mobi~5<'<I .round i!ISU'" that domi­na!I' t~... li"""

l"h.tr. ""is" wid...pn-ad f"ac that In., ""'­ond 1Il'..... tion mlghi lum out.to be ju,t os

di"'ppoinling as the firs!,;lnd tMt the "",",'de mocrats might tum their b.1ch on Ihem.""" much the "m. way the leade.. ofIh. md."...,d.nct' ,truAAle ~ad done.'

The te..on. lor South Afric. ring outAlthough Fanlu' . Cll"""'" i. w,th the 1"".'_;lnlry who lI\;\ke up lhe t."ll 0/ the popuLo­ti"n of roontries funher nonh, his ob>erva­1101\.' con be applied 10 Soulh Afnc. on Ihe...... otour first o.....P"""'n-one-vot. election.

H. cit... ''''0 trui,m, .bout mulli-p.lrlydemocracy. Firstly. participation c~nn.,t b..onfered fn,m .bu". but mu,", be d.-mand<'<land c.1m<'<l oot from below .nd. 5e((Indly,d. mocracy cannot .occeed in ronditio.... of.bSCIlute poveny. fle list< the servicing ofbd,lc n,>eds and providing of education.'two P"""'lui';I'" for ils .uccrs,.

'The cenlral them .. of Ihe d~mocrocy

d~b.t. h,ve prima.ily focosed on molli_pilny , \,>t..",. .nd on uni,....,.,l ",ffr;lge. Thedi,",-",,,,Ion invo]v'" .ery little tre.ltm....t ofhow 0""' goes about ereallng an ".....bling".",vironn",nt 10 ,ustaln dem,,-,acy.

While multi·party electlo", and unive"",1/ranch;'" a:re impurtlnt furmal criteria. lheyare by no mea'" . uHid . nt to judge th ~

d..mocratic qu.lhtio:"! ul. society. In imp"....,­ished ,oci..t;es such" 00", democr.cyn'qui...," • chan"e in the bdlancl" of forces.

111<' pursuit of democraq in it... lf is good.Bul In Ihe African ront..t ." pu~tical f.....dom and p.ln,cip_tion cannot be d,vorn-df,"m oth~r kind , uf f... <'<Iom. Th..re i. a norgank link betw..... pulitical f""-'<fom ;lndjrc'edom from hunger. Ignu,an,"" . nd di,...... se. People mll.'t ..... lhe ....ult'; of d.moc­racy in ;ln impmved . tandard of living. bet·1,.. <'<I"c;ltion, betl"r ~ou,;ng .nd acre.. klh,...lth ;lnd f",-.;I it"",,,'

Fantu puinl ' t" an i.ony behind theup>w;ng of democratisation in Africa; Ihe-. occess' of Ihe n.......·.ve of d"mocr.II... III)l\i. built un th.. l_ilu", of developnwnt. Thepuliticia"-' of loday, lil. the lead,," of lheindependence struggle. of the p.,t. h.\"ebo...~ .hle to dr.w on th. supf<"! ,>I Ihe poor""'~>tity to ad"• .,,,, lheir social ;ldju.tm..ntprogram""". V... Ih.,.. new ....-ial.nd <'<'0­

nomk prog.r;lmm... ohen im~ renewedh;lnh~ip' on the poor and o.oany do nut

d..liver whal Iheypn>misc.,j

This In ium Ii.... k>cal...I"ana> 10 new dem...aatk regim... Ih.1 f. iltolive up 10 ..' pe<1;1tioo. ­cre.llng a o"w ,,'un;e ofd"",ocral\Siltion.

H.ving been victim,"j mi. managed .nd un­democralic stale-'pon-SCI«,d develop m. nl, l~e

m..ses of ordin.ry poor are incr.a singly;lUempling to byp.l>S form;ll a"eoci... . ndhnk up with dilfe"",lkind. of non-govem­mental orgam""tlon••t ;I h ,al k-wl.

h nlu giv... a, .n "Ampl~ the pow....lulGree n, move ment in Ken}'a undec DrWanjo;olrl Ma.llha~ ;lnd lhe effort, by Kenyanm if..... lea and so&,r f.rmers 10 bypa... lh..p.r.,I.tal and other o(flci.1 buye.. byn.,.leding Ih,_ export crop" in layour oflrod ernp' for k>:ol ron,omplinn

By redis<--ooeting Ihl'l' ~elf -",lia n~, th....pe...n" "'-'rume politic.lly cofL<.<i"u, . ndeduc.ted at the loc.llewl asllwy "",.te new;I'·....U.. tor polilical and soci.l moblhsation.

In F.ntu'. words: "The de1.-gi hm.ho" 01

Ihe ~t.te h., al"" opened up ron>iderabl..room for lhe elal>:"atio" of new Ovil-$Odt.-tyrelati<m•.

'Thi, leer;lin h;l' increa,in~ly been occu­pied by o vk .,soc'i;ltion" women', "roups,pea""nt,' ;lssoc;"lions, e",i ronmental l9"up".nd hum;ln f1~ ht, group" - in other word,.ltem.II>'", to lhe pohtic.l party sysh'lll'

Th." ,tr.legie. ,,'Ver non _ pa ~m.nt ofto,e._pea-<ant inolU'f('Clion. um..n riol ~ whatF;lntu call. d.mand, on th. ,ta ie through'the politics ol c!.ll",,·.

He w.rm thai it i. dout'!ful whe1 ~.r thelead.... 0/ mult;-I"'rtyi,m;n Afric.l """!Ini...and underst.nd lhe ..,tent to whkh "rdin.ryI""'ple .... involv,,<! In th.. political >lruAA1..t/lrough un-mdinary, mformal ch. n.......

'Despite invoking Ih. ,Iog.n of "popularpa thcipalion" .t every polilical rally, nocle.r d irection, .... provided On how 10involve gt.,n~lt. o""nisatioru; in a .ubst....tial ..·.y and to help them build loc;ll defno.­'T3ticc;lre.dh... th.t will endu... ""'-" lime:

HI, p">ph..y lhat .uch popul.r I"'rlkiP""tion faces either bein g "trucl down o.incnrporated iMn central ly orchestra led"rganlsation ' sound. a le..on for SouthAfrk;l. The fotore sucte'RI of thL' roun lry'.d.moc ratisation eHorls may well «"Ionhow effectively lhese movesby the m.jorityto brmg .bout re.1 ch.nge .nd .ccountablele.d.'",hip .re acknowl<'<l ". d, channelledand '''jo;olni>e<l.

Ma llo u-vy ;" I<>= oli. t inId o..'. _io d'l'ortm<'n'.

..

FIDIRAUSM

A recipe forrivalry & discord

T'" (fU(la l is>'" i ' now: wh.1 wouldrome of • ")"-1"'" of do.1 _nngnty in •mkr.l South Afnca' I.ludt h"'ll'" on howputoI., ............. It r• .....t .nd aJfoc.1fd on •,..lIon'" b.oa.. n... io w~ I btbrw the~I_ot~win be

",·..-ridden by lhe im?"".liv.... of polmeal,.,.~

'A region's sovereignty

carr be readily bhmted

by federa l command

of ti,e public purse'

..,. " .., .

",.n'jl;e", .nl. A'I",I,na. Brazil. Ind i• .N~.n kodtoraf ""'18, _ cases in f'OO"(. nd. willie dlil.......1 1ft YgnUtcaonl~Ih . Ea' i A.lan <~ ..wl~ lnduslri. lis,n~

CounUWS' bN. thi!I ""I 1001. &nnorni<"""'"craft~~tN. aI a minimum. -..osthe par"""","" b n\bt l"" _utWp, dtnd·ins Indo- and~I, "'Pf'Iyutg int.­tNctu... . and .Iknd"" lu ..JlJUltion. 1nI....

"'S and -wl.....tt....Cu nous .. il lNy . ppo'ar, d..",ocr. li<

l'C5''''"'" .... h'lI"ly rriI.onl on finely runtd........._ III IO<UftOmir -...nit tw:• ..,.. It..

ciIizftIry "".....1 1<1 haw thelr~buno moPI To 1<. Ih;,~y """', .Ilk> fa," of InJ'Lotion. employmcnl. 110 •"'1:- dtbl And in''CSlt'nml. ........n;os theN~

. .....01 trade. haw to No juggled by tho' ~"".

............, n( It.. day Should Ilf.iL or~y

\Ie pcrct'iv,,J ... llli'f'l. tno,... in I"'w",. woultllegilim. I.' ly l..aT Ih.. p.ic. come the n,,1e l"" lio n .round Ihe <n. ncr. Any n."enldemocr...,. in Soulh Afric. would ,u..,ly Iv""<;teI...t 10 ,Im'l.l, p"-""'Uft'S.

The ron. l. nl _ho"·I...m ""lu;,.,.m..nl\ 01polliul rul. f" '",, • <",,1••1goVt'mmenl todicta'" 1M COU.... 01 nalion.11~m.n­' g"""'l. Th.. Impl"", al>o laving down tilt!ioatl ltmib fot- ,.wry ~ion: St, . "'8i""',..,.........JI;Oly (an .....hly .... b1unlfd by fc<I-

, ,I 0'"1'",11, '.' , I

,,

NP:•seven regions

.,

. '., ,"", :''':..., .. ... .' .. ..' .".... ':, '

Ro•• """ntry " 'ith Soulh Afric.' , p..,filc,inlent nn pUTouing .""u . Ily, ju,lice . ndd.......lupmcnt . imuhan.'OU-. ly - ...ny JrnK,.crahcally in.,talled gowrn""",t would ha,...I" _ Ih m....h. ni' m of du.1 w v' ... 'gnlybt-.", IM..-ed. <>I an in""""'l dilemma Inclrcum,l. nc... such as uu,s. comp.ub l~

ThinJ World gownunertts ha.... It'll impelledto .hou\der It.. burdftt of nalioNl f'rorIOmi<

Wlll, teeler,l .y,lem produce good govern­menl '" South Alnea In the foreseeable

l utu,.? RA LPH LAWRENCE believes 1ha1 II

..ll hinder raJ"'" thIon furtt-lhe cause 01good govemmenl.

AT THE ""'1I1~ 1 . I~ d ~l>ott' in Sout h ...Inc.. boul l,,", dnir.oblltly ,01~. Iism .. <:'DI\CftI­

trot...:! .... 1M ob,ort"... (If trying to «<onei,",••••,"t._~~~ .._ "'"' 1"' ''\.00 ot.., un ;.'*'~ .,. U d N t ..-.II mlino. Nt w msno ,tIw~n 1\ eo..,;.- .ond ib..o-, I-Vn<. IIv<UKl'T1I WIth ·~N·.

M " , I gr.,,' you. lfd".h~m h.o~ booen 1000Itd forlIUuy ~tw ...H<>I\ otill . It''''''g11 In t"'"c.uldron of ' io....l ..<tlotiat;"n~ such wfi nt is""..... kN _ ,rdy. or~ purnv " p"'" otpulihaJ t"<prdirn(y. H.,.......... .... y from 'M huMmP."" r . hould ...k "".....1""whthr fl"d ~nl ;~m is.inderd. hkr ly I" hnn8. bout good govrrn ......"1for til<' (0"""",111.. lulu",.

IMl'I.in ""-'I"'ic.1.I...~ "'".....pl. in why.

Wh.t d(~ (<'dr••Ii,m

""t.>ill Al ""'". illmf"O""!l• Inn l.",. 1 .h. pl' On""( ir ly by p"Wi , .1.......n>. WIth .....rn..n..msof sour....., lIb·INl<'d 10 rmhn ,II ~1yfIic~• • 'r--""" 01 dlWl poIllic.1 """""';gnty .. iftoIiluMi~ <mmI1 ~1IWrIt .ond regiorW Of

p""'illC\ll 'ov......m..II~.r<' NCh gun tlOdronstIlul>Oft.ally doiillNll'd pow<n IM_both onpn.aI .nd._1'hu5. an­Ir. l - ........, Iy• • ,..1,..1 - s on.n""nl's~ (Ii . "Ih«!ry ""'" ..... munlm......m~ from . ny~ go'I""""""'l.And ....... ,-nY

I __ ..... dritn",S <jUllity I'llf~Non"... U "'.U' I'S now s" nd ,n Sou lhAfric. Ih~Tf is ",uell p l.y un Ih, wo.d'~'. In llw cunml I"~~

wgioNl~m ... lII<'.nl I" ron....,. • fonn ofd...mbubon III poI'bC.1J"-,...." 1""'1 io "..;t......

whoUy uniury """ tu lly 1""."..1, Y'"' so"","how "'1'''''" llw.-..nno of both. To lJIi', this'" d. ng........ ul k. You " n fudge. pollttc.le(lmp ,omi., b~ 1" Oll inll 10 ,em.nlie,n.-n"n ig."". Can we, how....'...,.. aIlo'" 10 hvewith Ih. "",'uing ronfu. ]"n that w ill ouwyam. wl,..n Ih. t'lllli n.......,j hybrid l>e<:ome\.politic. 1 ..,. lily? 11'. vcry ' imple. A unified. t. t, whic h m. kn pr"vi,ion fOf dualsovt'frignly is i....luct.tbly led.....1in ....tu ..,;,I. on Ih. 0I11eT hand , IM ... _ Sl.~ grants~ f'O""'" IMI . ... _ ......mg<>. ""~,unlu l lhoujl;h lhoy ""'y be. I.... .l isp"""'"lion .. . unoury.-.

•

of federalism w ill be overridden

by the imperatives of

political pow er'

the I""erar government itself. In the co ntext01 soci. ti• • akin to South Af, i, a th..... a .....ewral motivation, l>ehind tn;., A. wa, orig­,nally intended, d iscretionary gra nts give<ent ral o/lidaldom th e wher.wi thal tore. pond to urgent n""d,; most obVIOusly,....Iief from unfoIT"""n di.a.M'S. The grant.can also b. u,.d lor projects which spanl\')\iu",,1 b<mndari", - i transp"rt network, ahyd"",lecttic "hem., for insta",--., The trou·hie is that such p"'grammes earm,uked fordevelop menl <an alltou r. ad ily b-ecum.political football., Here a region i. prey I,)fed.ral gO"ernownt's favour. Fn,m a fed.ralruler' , perspectiv. this i. rapidly reduct<! 10,'whal's in il form.r,

Whal I.nd. additiu",,1 purf'OS" to d i""""tin""ry funding in deveiopi ng ,talt'S i, guv­ernmt'llt's impe<abve 1m nationa l econumi<:ma nageme nt. The .. Can b. no economk,ta tecrall unl...., a government aUows it,dfroom for mam""'v..... By not fully guarant"...ing tran,fer parment, 10 the reg ion. bym""n.. of a rigid lormula, a fed.ral govern­m~nt gains the breMhing sp"'" it n"""' , torespond to t ~ e e, igennt'S any Thml World",onomy ('Ontrunt.

Beca u,," the , Iak", .r" '0 high , discr,,­tionary grant> trail in their wake two perni­cil,u, lint'S of political conflict, Region, will''''''h wage thdr priV";" haUles with the ted­eralauthontic;, trying to convioee th. m that• SpecifK project in ' '''~ art'a shou ld l>e pn"­r. r"xi to any other; and , of rourse, eve ryregion beh""... il i, championing the mustdeserv ing caS<' , Secondly, in lOObying fed",alguvernment . a resiun i, r. a lly try ing touu tdo rival d "im, from it, count.rpa rl••which fuel. in terregiona l d i",urd. In th efore8umg sketch I ha"e a ll~mpted to opt'nup a lin. of argu m.-nt in ordt'!' 10 faetlitate.more thorough a.",,,men t of hm,' fed~raJ

guvernanc. would likely tum out in S<'uthAfrica . My brief has nol p. rmi tll't! me tomake the ca", prupe<ly by arraying the .vi­dence. Notwithstanding this, ll~ me conveythe nub of my argumt'nt

Federa lism rest' on the nu llon of d ua lsover.ignty. However, any region'••0 ....­r.ign pow... will be alarmingly s purioussine. , for \'Cry 800d rea",n, the power 0/th. public pur... will be wielded principallyby th . f.d.ral guv ero ment. M"r~o" er.

b-ecam . this h so, ml,>rg"vernmen tal rela­tions will be ,m peri lled by the . u;""qu.-ntconfli,t b"t ....·••n c.ntral and regio,,"1authorities, cumpounded by rivalry amongthe ....gion, the m,.lve,. In th.,. circum­stance<, lederalism i, more li~.l y to hinde rrather lhan furlh.r the , i U," of goo dgovemm.'Ot.

R.tph Lo ..",nC<' ,..rn.. potitic> . t th.Uni..",ity QI N. .. t in Pi.....-..unlZbu'll.

"-~Swazi....,notpari ol

''"

~-, ,"-re'gION-,"'

p~1 fr>r."",diIy,",

N.lu,""1Parly~nd theANC.

from lhe « ntrale"h"luer. Effecting lh<"5ecauses political conflict. Most federal , tat...crea te an ad mlni, lra live instrum. nt fordeciding who should "",,"v. how much, Abody of thi, kind is a political c....alur. inthat illo mernl:oer>ih ip is. 0"" way (Or a""t","","", led by pnhlicia", th.....",lv"". So ap"rtic­ular I\')\ion can have a be<-! about the compo­,ilion o f su ch a fisc a l com miss ion ev enthough it might it",,11 have had a voic. ,nd.....rmining the outcom•.

A fiscal wmmi"ion normally d i, \:rur"".fi, OO p"rn...nt. 10 ll1;ioos on the b.,is of i

genoMlly .grt't'd fOTInull, hen Ih,. i. notplalO sailing, For a start. the Inial sum ava,l­"bl. for di, tribution lend, to be decidOO byfed.ral government. And. surpn..... sUtpf"...gu.... whu wind. up with ,-" er bigg.... "iet"of th. pie? Why, lederal governme nt , ulWur>e, The .viden« worldw ide i, "v~r_

whelmmg, Therefo"" the I\')\iom Ofe left to.~ u a bhl e over the cru mh., And squa bbl~

they do, Consequ.ntly. the ,,'gions ~re

pilch"" intu competition with one anutheI,Neil ,.,.. king . tilting of the formula 10 suitill; int......ts,

To .omph,at,> mall.rs/urth.r, r.gion,nowadaY" derive a shrinking proport ion offederal transf.r parmen ls from ~ fi , edarran~"",.nt. l.tore and mOl\: "",anat"" I,,'mdiscretionary grant.; ad mini.ler"" ,olely by

'The cons titutional niceties

. ,.' .. ..-

- """ _ e.-",--,- ~ ~_~_"-"'-c..-.--....-... <.-- ~ ,, ~_ .,

ANC:ten regions

~la l command of th pu~lic p urs~ , Th!iOUn'eS 01 ...hel nominally open tQ rvgions in• ftod..,..} alTangenwnt disappear by adminis·lroltiv. fiat.

Wh. t of l "~., you rig hlly a<k? Well,tegio"" o/le" ali;' , hIe to rat... ind~p"nd""t

Il"Vt'J\U~ from ..1,.. and 1." " P"rty I~x. ap.lrlfrom local licensmg f~~, ~ nd ,h. rg...,. forf'Il blk servIa."< ",nd~red , fI<; '"ond thi_, they;act as the glorifl<'d d g l'll[' "I (entr. l govern­.....nt in s . thering IIl(Ini"" for the fed..,..1 rol·I...., For ex.mpl~, inrom~ and c~rro'"ti"n

t.n, cu,tom. and ~xd-,<, d Uly 1,11 into th isl\1 1"l\tll)'. A regk>o'. 0...."11 s<)urre "I Wlenu.10 very mod ",,! oompared to its m",ds . Inot ner words. it is highly dep"nd~nt on fed­o,allarge.,," , However, regi onal gove,n­ment. Can sometim.s find a modicu m 01odditional relief by resorting to compulsory1oallS, debentures and kltl.ri",.

If no t tHe. , then how a bom luans 'Foreign loan, n,,,mally ""'lui", th. bh,s.•ingof the fPderal executi.'e, not least becausethe latter invariablv has to , tand as guaran­tor. So lhis option' is eff""tiwly in the giH<>f central go"emmenl. w hich will weigh upIn applica tion accordi ng to the priuriti", ufIt, own macroeconomk poli,i..", togetherwit h the prHaili ng nat io nal econo mictndicators

Regions th.n rely on tra nsf. r paym.nts

OUR COMMITMENT

TO PEACE

Photos: • Music Ih.-ropy p rogram m".' ,t/m al bdpl llg ,...11",,,, the trauma In co"m nm lli.-s .a"JlM up inUlln'Sl </. 'ld I'lolene'e. • HrinRi l1g tomorrow',' k>ad= logellxJr l(JlJay by promott"H mutual und.""'ta ndinRa "d n?Spt't"I. • CombafinH hun!!." alltl po,-erl)' th rouRb 8ra.~,rools dendopmenl .kill.• .

R BM

'We belie ve the vision o f a nation a tp ea ce, wit h hope fo r th e fut u re isp o ssible if p eo p le work together toensure that basic human needs are mel.

~~~~~I Te ns o f th ousa nds o f people have

benefit e d fr o m progra m me s w h ichha ve been develope-d in parmershlp

with o ur local co mmu nities.

C RE AT IN G A B A LAN CE

- LAND-Landless in limbo

The contest between the AmaSw8zi people, other black groupings, andwhile agricullufalllnd tourist Interesls for land In the Drakensberg areaaround Winterton in Natal Is one 01 hundreds of land disputes In SouthAfrica. JEROME NGWENYA and CHARLES TALBOT e~amlne the rootsol lhls contest and offer some suggestions on how attempts at resolu­tion might be approached.

tribes ,

'A solutioll St'ems remo teand tlie people, the youtll

in particu lar, areillcreasiflgly restive '

The AmaSwazi dpppealed 10 th. authori­ties for "'lief, "The response in 19117 wa.",I<,..cation t" a .' ile called Droog,pruit ~ balTt"l\,d. void of ba,k social .......ices, ~nd belong­ing to the !X>werful Ama Hlubi tribe.

The AmaS.....ali no..... find thcm""I,'es in. To Pa!1'l 24

very diffi",,11 1'<",Hu,,- The Uxetihond "f lheir<'t>llhnued ""upali,,n of the area known asDrot>gspf\lit is t.rmou" t" say the lea.1. Anyf.,th they might have had In the . tate is longgon•. TheiT <hief "'mai,,, Ihe ~hief. imposingdi" iphne, appealing fn' "tder .....hil. he .ndhis ad" i....'" ""'•• n:stituli"n. But a ." Iuli,,"s.....m. ll'mote and the people, tbe ynuth inparticular, all' increasingly It.''Ii>'e.

Over til;: past.JJ yea", lhe Ama5wazi twvemade rcpre.enlations 10 a.eri.. of la nd ",mmission.,and """I ....p""""t.lioru; 10 thehe.d . of bolh regional andnahonalf\owrnment depa rt­ment, dea ling wUh landaffai,. . Neverlhele.. theyrem.in on a l<'ml'<"'ary 'ite.

DU ring f992 they beg ana 'ivil dis<lbed ience campaignto draw a lle ntion I" Iheirplight This has fed exi, tingtension. h.t.....een the Am, ­Swazi and es labli. hme" tinterest. in th e .,ea - theNatal r.rks Boatd, the limbtTindu. try, local fann..". and lh.tourisl indllSlry,

A reS<Jlulion 01 th is emo­tion-laden conflicl, which exi.t, nOI onlybetw,-en lh. needs of d ifferent group. ofhum~n being,; but also belw""n humanityand nature he""l1, will be immensely diffi·noll. Ne.'erth. I",. , it i••58ent,.] thai il beatt"", ptt'd.

The aUempt .....tIl IIdve to be a non-legalis·hc 0 "", nollea,.t because of lhe unbridgeablegap ""tw....n Weslern and African conceptsof ow"""hip and debt It h", """n pointedoot repeatedly Ihat su ppo rt for the Westernnotion of lhe sanctity "I current owne"hipof I.nd will simply ""trench the injusliCt-'S oflhe past.

Id a" ~nd lh e Comm un Hy Confli clReso lution Scrvice of the IndependenlM('dialion Service of Soulh Africa UM5SA lwe... call('d in to a"i.t in the ....rch for aresolution of the AmaS.......i conflict in llwsecond tw lf ,,11m .

...ea of Bt-II Park . nd KiU.rgi e (t h~", arefarm ~ in lhe vicinily of Wi~tefton , on theway to Champagne C. slleJ. Th,-y p<>inl t"partrcular hisionall mark..,." and gra"e ,ilt"s.t" an unbroken ch1efiy he, and to' "'pub­linn for reliability, ha'd wo,k.. and ' ''' I'<>IIsi­bility. They id entify closely with d earlydefined pieces of land and pe",eiv. them.sthei". ,

In 1962 the AmaSwazi were the viclims of

a forced ,...",,,,'al - Uprtlt,ted and lI'located I"a lempora,,- , ite call,-d Connislan , whichfa ll. under the c" nt, ,,1of th. Am,Nganetribe, "The AmaSw.zi "",,,aged to remain "nthis land pea,dullv u ntil lh. m,d -1 9HOs.when connic' bmke Oul betw...n the lwo

The group 01 people under ron,ider.,tion refer to t he mselves - a nd HCknown 10 others - as the AnuSwui,

This in ;1",11IS01 Slgnlfkance. Allhough ttl<>8........1f"""\'ption is lhal t ~e African people01 modem KwaZulu and Natal Me simply'ZUlu' , the nam.,; " f spttifj, dans and chit'!­doms .till give pe<>ple ."'i. l id,>nlity and011"" indicate. l"rticu lor h~,tory, This is ""in ,"" caS<' of the Am. Swazi.

Su<:h evwena> as exISts indi-<:.lIes lhat al the l>ei\nung 01 thel'ffil centnry they llvN on thebord... of the Zulu and SwaziI.ingd"m. , reldh'<llo the Swaziroyal hllU"" but giving f"oli ti­Ql allogianre tll the ZUlu royalbou", und.... Shab o

tn the middl e 01 tbe 19thcentury th.,.. W,'re driv.." in,mtb.,;, land by Ibe Swazi king.Some soughl refuge in tb. Frt'eSUt . , some in L.sotho, andsome ned to the foothill, "f theOUhn'berg in Nata l. Her.th.y 'ettlO'd, probably undert.ang~libal.le 01 the AmaHlubilribe, who had been appointO'd Droogspruil; ,.,,"'" 1""'",,,,1'\1"""'" of tllr A".,SWilti,' hief of the area by Ibe NalalgO'-""" ment.

tn 1873 lhe Natal governmenl accusedLayWIlibalele of rebellion and broke up theH1ubi 5<'I1lemeni. II i. probJble tMI it wa, intlre aflermath of this thai the land on whichthe AmaSwazi _ '" liVing wos sold It> whilefarJller!.

T.... AmaSwa7j rl'm. in('d in til;: "'!linn a,labour tenanlS, hn_v"" li.'ing on lhe landin retum for giving a p<:riod of "'bour t<> thewh,to owner (it i~ remem""red a' si" monlh,per year}, Whil. ""'mbers nf the lribe under­....,t a ranf\e of ewnomic . xpenences - a."'raJ prodllC<'l'l;, "'bnur lenanl<, labou...... onthe ......do and railway. , migrant worke.. ­their community was a d OSO'--knil one, withtheirChiefShabalaL, plaving a crucial n>le in'. "'ring that they ....l.ined a particu"'r iden­i1ty.

A, a ""ult, lhe AmaSw.zi can lrace anunhro' . n hi.lory of land ",,,,palion ,n lhe

Landless

During initial meeting' II became dearlhat an rs<Al4'ling ( n,,£]je! in the ."'. w"uldnol ..,rw anyone's ;nl,'f<'5ls, and Ihal il WdSi mp'ra tiv~ that m..:hanisms be created luadd ,e", tne diU,,,,,,t i",u..., Establi'hmentmle' e5l!1 in the."" "'a lised Ihal un1"", thefund.menOlI issue or land for tht- lribe WdS. ddr.""t>d, the . rea rould become confiiel­ridd,'Jl and dvsfun'"li"""l.

II ,horNnm ",mmittee w", Sl'l up WI thr.p....sent. tive' from lhe Am.Swazi and<SIab]i5hmt>J11 ;nlo:rest> '0 deal wilh lhe dayto da y ,",ue. "f lhe situali"n , while anappn""'h had lO be developed 10 add....., lh.et"" i"ue _ land ,

Th<e first CI,mpli""ting factor is lhe ab><nceuj any <k-a' poliL.,.. on land dispu tes, AI p"'""",t lhe only mecha nism lor <lynneling landclaim' i< the Advisory C"mmitlee on LmdAff.in (Ad,,) whid, 3parl from ils pUl1'l yad visory statu" ha' ,",w rvly Ii miloo Wrm' of.m",,,

Ada', br",r i5 merely to ad,-,se on the al l<..cahon of Soulh Af. ican Trib.>1Tru,t lands.This put, the AmaSwa7.i in a coroef t«.ousea ll the T. iba l T.uslla nd in Ihe region isalrwdy su\>jed to claim' and cou nter·d aim,from oth.r tr ibes, while the land 'hat lheyclaim is "01 T.ibal T"",t land.

Th" Sl lualion i' furth,'r complicat.d byIhe lact Ihat at presenl there 're appro,i·""'teIy n31"ndl"" tr;l;.... m Souln Alrica,. 11of whom are w.iting fur Some indication onhow Ihey might gil aboul pursu ing Ihei.land etalm,.

A, a ","ul l of these two factf'rs, 1.1... andI ~SSA IIove bet-n working uo dewiol',ng amulh-di!l<iplin. ry programme whkh could• ""i,t the interested pa rtie-s to resolve Ih"dispu te. Ida,., has faci lildled lhe creation 01.

Local courtsproposal getsgood reception

By DAr-i IEl NI~A

I~ Ihere a n"..d 10 e,labli ,h communit~

courl. in the 'new ' Suulh Alrica?Apparently such a nl't'Cl d""'- e,ist, and

Ih. Ea"em Cap" b."",h of the SA NationalCivic a.goni.. tion (""ncol 1 .unc~ed itspropos.ll on th" ,ssue.1 a .-...:ently held C<1n·ference in Po.t Ell,abeth which wo,; h<."'led

mulli.<Jiscirhnary tI'am to wor~ on the pm-­;.ct. w,lh , kIll, includmg agri.:1.Jhu ral pl.m­ning. lel\al ad'-ICe. em-ironmen'al OSSe;lS­

menl . hi,'ory. agri<'u h ural ",onnmy,de,'elopment piann ing, f.cili ta tion .ndmediation.

'SUP/JQrl tor Ore West..,nnotion of the smrcti ty of

current ou mership of landw ill simply rn trrnch the

injustices of tire past'

As a rl'SU lt of the « 'mpie, ilie, , um",nd­iog lhe land doim ond the vari<1y of level> atwhich it wdl ha,... tu be tacklt-d, It.< fonow­ing combmallOn of approache-s w;lI ha'" to

be uS<'<!:• issu...b.>S<'d - 1<' c",abl. idc'lltifirah"n of

lhe most "'ali, hc and app",prial" option'whlc~ may bo- pursued;

• intc1\TOted _ to "1""~ Ihal key """lin;

and a<1".. ar<' inv"lved at the ~prropriate

I.vd"• part,.,pa tiv.. - ,nvolv,n~ local groups

and individu. ls lrom inc.ption to en,urecapacity buUdtng and ow"""hip of Ihe pro­

"""';• 'tralegic - ~'optimise opportunities.The mOO"" ope.andi mu,t invol"e identi·

fy mg key actors and int...."t group' and t~e

issue-s which t~ey tend 10 prol""!. It i' al l~i,

lev"l that alterna tive option, for d.a1inl\wilh lhe land cla,m rna}' be mlnxl u<N anddebated, and common grou nd e-slabli'~N

Howev"", com11lOn ground 0" it, own i,oft"" no! ,uffici",,! 10 h.mg gro"p' t (\gt~her

a.ound .n ..motive i,,,,e ,uch as la nd,Add itional illC<'ntiw is li~ely to be "'<Jui...'CI.This may be identified by linking common·ground ,,'u.'" tn vested interest, in orde, toachi..v. a ,u,loinoble billanc. bo-I w...,n Ihe

by Ida'"Whal i' a community courtl A communit)'

court - in term, " f t~e""ncu propt"",l - r.-p­..sent, ~ 'tep tJeyond the <'tganic mecha­ni, m, "f d ispute re,olulion cu.rentl. in"peralion, like people', murt, and ,,~t

COmmil""'. The comm unity court w"uld beorgan ised in • fo.mal wa~ under theDO'p,Ulment "I Ju'tice in a new polilical d i,;­pensatlon,

The court would con';'1 of a pane l 01iudl\'-" which would be .Iected by th.. mm 'munity ilself.Th. juds",; would be ~uidl'CI byIhe pnnnpies of tnr bill of . lgM. of t~r newconslituhon.t h.. proc.,.dings would becon·d,,~t"d in Iii.. h",al lan l\u age, and mall..rswould be rt'>OlvN by Common>':"'-'t',

d1ff"", nt grouP'Part of the 'Itategy i' lik..ly to inv"I"

tat kling is'ues surroundinl\ th.land d a;non a va.iety o j fron ts, including. fore",mple:

• eng.ging wilh all Ih.. major inle~

groups, pa.ticularly lhe ..l,maSwazi. J"dworking through wltat they p"]'«'i,·.. 1<, b,

thecentral issu,," and the """Iuli",, ;• iden tify ing alternative land for settl..

ment:• establi,hing ownersh ip, cost a"d past

c1'im' 10 lhe ldnd;• rea.-hing agre.m.nt f,om all m'io,

g"-"'p' on whkh block e>/ land could be usNfnr the perc""nenl "'Ill"",,,,,t " llhe afft'eto:!tribe;

• I"cating f'O"'ible <;OUfC>'S "I funding f",land purcha",. includIng possibl. comp""""ti" n In'm a Suprem. Court case a~d in" ·m.nl Irom maior sub·r..gional in t '"(f.rm..... loon.,m group', timber compa"ies,dnd soon);

• ga ining provinci. l ap pro,·.1 fo' th,e-stabli'hmc'Iltol. towns hip <m Ihe land pur­CM>OO Ih.1 might be more infnrmal o. molVclosely settled than normal;

• undertaking a tar m plan ning e,,·.ei,.,and e-stablish mg dift..rent agricultu,a l andn"n-agricutlural enlerpr;se, thaI c" u ld btpurs ued <m a . 'iahl. basi,;

• locating funding fnr cap.>city buildingtraining ond Ih.. "llhli,~nlt'nt "f a ,.",-,iced""ttl""'''''1 and. number of vioble ",,,n,,mICenl..",",,-,,_

It i' oor local belid Ihat In the abs<'ll<e ofa ,WutoT)-- mechanism to ...-Idr,,"" problemsof I~is natu ,e, it is nr,·.."ary 10 de". lopp.o~ranl m", J nd pro",",,",!; Ihal (an allowthe different intere;l groups t" '....'te th"i,own ",Iution, .

[.",,,,. Ngw. ny. i. regio".1 dil'«lOr nf 'b.IMSSA Com", ,,nily eo"tlid 1l• ..,t,,11...

S<rvl~. O .ri• • T. tho! i. regio""co-ordin. tor In Id... '. Nat.l otfi~.

H"w did thi, idea d" ,-e!" pl 1n Febru'rythi, ye.r, the Ea,tern Cape region 01 ""n(~

d",ided to """g."i",, iK .xbting an li..,rin",ommillee' (ACCs ) The ACC, , ....comm unily-bo..d bodie' of volun"rymC>ffiMs, which deal wUh crime pre,-enli""an d in tetvenlion. The ACC, inv" , lIgol .crl m,nal activ itie, in the commu nity andha nd "v" alleged culp.il' 10 thr police. tnaddition 10 the "".gani",;;on of the ACes.Sanco reaU",d lhat th.. com munities of theEa,'ern Cap<' ai,,, " oed to put in to opera'tion adc"luate m""hanism.. of dispute """,,.luhon.

A community ro urt., work.shnp sen'" w"-', t1rtl'CI in Ma"h wit h the ' ''pport of Id."',T"" inlent""" was to work out a prop(",,1 fur

GINDER

More than a female complaintBy NDUMIGW~Yl

The co~c~pt "I gender h~~

often <T<'alt'd m",h confu­. ion 'mung ",,,me" and

tho> rublic in g,,,,,,,a). Bul wlwn'do !III'Ji>I" rtin" . Ii<' in whl hasba't:>ml' !.Down., the 'gender \IS

~'(lm",,' .1"""1,,1It IS perhap" i"'purta"1. fir>tly.

to mention that t li "", is nu <un­

""pl like KMldn '" Alneo" Ian·guag...... Hene.. ',.,..' and 'g""d.,- 'ba'iiully I"w. 1M "line "'o''''ingljuot lih> th<- the ",!.otiv. f'I'I".m"", he/,h"l,Thi. in;tidl rontusion :rurfa..'t'd in .1;"u",i"""within our Gendor Fur". Group in thBord.. "'Sinn. and I"wlling tli" ploying field"'... th..",ro"' . l<>giral '1'1' tu bring ""ery­olM' on booni and to ",,,,Ii. Cummon under­~ng

A. an ad",,,,,t. uf human rights ruT all. 1"'S"N worn.,. ', rights as <Tucialtu • .1""",_eratic futu"" It should bt- the te'lp<m~ibility

uf . lI South Af,ica"". me" and w"men, toml""" CUm'lll iroNI.ne.... of pI.'w"" in Ihi>. re•. Thi, und.-n;tand ing sugg....". gemkr•~h to add""",ng (lUt f;(l(ietll mlSCl)n­. tru<19. Gender i' a n integral pari of allIOfII\$ <>f power.

Wilile w"men ,,10 need 10 a,J ,J ...". is""",ofIK1ing Ih"," a. a t>;olngtCal and lOCi<>-polil­ical grooping, Ih~ lend~ncy 10 c.tegorise'''"n"n ofb>n means Ih.t diffe""""'" such asdo", .nd race are owrlO!'led . Th"'" difft'f­meet< only su.face in tornn" where genderI'I'btlon' are examined in Ihe v.riety 01 set­ting; mwhich Ih<>y ocrur

• Imifo"" model of ACC, .nd communityrourt , for the Easle,n Cape .egion, Afte.Ih ...... ..o.kshop' , the del.g.les of Sanco....ere ahle to d .aft a prof'O'""'l th.1 salisfied.., """"

This pruf"'""1 "'as positively ......ived by.Ii fh<. portidpanls in tile ronference. T~.yincluded members of dilt""",t Nco. work·ing in the ....as of crime pn'\'l'htion lNicro,c.\'l' Town), dispule ,...",rution ICommunityOi' p'-'w Reoso lution Trust .nd IMMSAl andPltl\legal lra imng ILHR ~nd CommunityL.w Cent...), M"." ber; "f I"" Soulh Afric.nI'olice and Ille atturney.gene.ar, ofIi"" inI'UI1 Eli••belh followed Ihe p,,,,...ding'"'lth inl. ..." , and se\'eral .cademics al,oportid paled,

Th.njiwe Mtint"" of the SA CommunistP••ty once ••gul'd th.1 Ihe figM by 'hlackh">thc,,, and Msl<'1'5 .gainsl national opf''''''·sion' was a misnomer withoul • focus ongrndt'f opp"""lon, 5ne l'I'fl'lT'O'<llo. particu·lar t,end in the liher.tlon . t. u ggle th.ldea rly dm n,'<1lhe sou","" of gend.... opf"""·lion and aiso <'5pouSl'd worn""'. em.ndpa·tion Yt'I it f,'11 'hort of droning 'tlw ""'ion ofm",...,..is l ..xidy ...nolL,ly .noUSh to unam·biguously .dd...... patriarchal relation,' ,

It is th..d ore <TUnal th.1 propl. e.pioreway. 01 ch.l l.oglng Ih. st.tus quo.t th.I""cl of pow.. ",lalio,,", .nd il is nOl possiblefor om" S<'Cti(m of society (WOl1lffi) to do Ihiso:ffectivoly 011 their own,

During he••dd .....s to "'" Grnd.,. FocusGmup On this d,'hate .....Ii,,, this yea" ThokoM. Ishe of the W"''''n's N.tion.l C"" lition~id the social rol.. people pl.y in societyW,"",.I the crn ltt' of the COlK\'pl of g.."d ..Thes. social cun'truchon•. she ';"id , ...·ereloaded with p';,<,hol"gical and physic. ll,ailsth. t are artificial and .ttributed 10'U men

Key note , peake! Albie s",hs h.>d eloquenlWOrol fur the Pr<>it'<-1, and """,pared t~i, ini·ti. t,,'e w ith the popu lar t.ibunal . 01Mo..mbique, ",h~ ordin. ry " ti,en, We'"in\'ol"ed Indhl"-""'ing justice,

Nu nelhde.., S3( h~ ..... .. eau li"u' as",!:"rd' lhe Implernentalii,n of lhe project "f,,'mmunity routt••nd Ih. nt't'd 10 prOll'Ctthe civil . nd hum.n righi' of . ach ind,,·id ·u.l. In t~is """-"', h. argued t~.t furt"". dis­cussions al the n.tion.ll,'wl .....nuld be nt'<­..... ry More ,mplemenllltion

Max M.mas• . regio"' l co-d i. eclor ofldasa. ~rongly def.nded the need fM cum­munily courts in a fulure politic. 1dispensa­tion, H. argU<'d Ih.t Ihis inilialive h.>d 10 be.....n within t"" ronleJ<t of. ,J""eloping ci"il

and women.Crnde. rol", .....lso opp..,;&ive to m.l",

in many ""1""'1> and gn'up' wo.king withthes<> is." .... would do w.lI to t.ke advant.geof th,. str.to>glC g. p to hroad"" invoh'eml.'lllin t~. stmggle aga insl gender Opp....lon,We n,'<'d • « >-ordin.tl'd g.n'J••·. warl.'ll ...sdrive to ensu... t~at a 111'''1 political dhf'<'ll'o'·lion ove rcomes I~es<> st,,,,,,,typ'" and lIIdk...power .ece"itole .cro" the b".rd hothlegally and constutionally

Gend", should not be used a,. , uhslitut.for t~e term 'women' .. t~" encou •• g...mpha,1S on """,allite . ...as Ih.t .... t••di·hon.Uy rcg.Jrdl'd ., t~. domain of "'omm,

So, i.l ••l.hon••~ould en,ure Ihatwom.n's rights ••• add,...ed hy . 11 tomrourage participation of all ,,-'C1o~ of soci·ety in the de<ison·ma king p'Uct'..", thai.ffect their live;.~d~m i C..ayi1, lh. ~o""t diJ'<'l.1o, of tdA..

In ra" l ondon.

mit Cr""" r"""C"'"P ,m"'" """,."ft!ll"""gh 'Iv r"", /fl..um offIa.1

wclt1y, which ;" worOing for the democ.ati­s. l,on of Ih. governmenl; a civil sodetyw~lch lO .....o.king 10. t~e cr<>ation of ,Irue­IU..... which will dec.n l•• li.. pow",", .11"w_ing mo... partIcIpatIon to the private citizen

Sanco ..... i ll . n ~ . n c. it . prop.". l withthe cont.ihu tion. m.d. during th. confer·e nce and will t~ en decide "'hal to dowit~ th final ,·" .. ion of lh. propnsalR''g.rdless of the outrom. of Ihe final d" ft,the <:Imf. "",,,,, 11.>, opened th. dl'hal. on Ihetopic and a ny reslructuring of the lud ici. 1' y, tem "'ill need 10 take thi' proposal into~,

Oa ni. 1Nln. i , a ......a<h....ilh Vi...lIn;......;ty and ",-,,,dinal.d th. ,omm"nily

«I"n. ,onf"",n«.

REGIONAL REPORTS

Erwin: Economic forum the only routewould tau pla<1', CTl'ahng an.rtI~ la.bour lIIafkl'f lJId mak·ing UJIl'I1lp\oy1Nmt • btid and~fuJ period. r.lher lnat th"md of 1M rood f{Or IIII.ny pro­pL.., he ..id,

The sho rt-term C"llIl11l1t~e

was also rll'guhalm~ ~round a.ocill plan p,"srammt. Inlerms of whL<h ind"'lries INt.....'" 110 longer yl.ble would begradu.llly ",aled duwn rMkrI""n '~Ol down.

l"n!/;-l"rm poliCIes beingadd,,'S!<O.'d includv iso5u<!'5 $UCh.s Ihe inYl.'5lment !/;ap and al\t'W tr.oJe policy.

S".1I"1 GJ"HN<. N. "'l affl<.

roth l<lPg-term ~nd shurt-I"",,5ub-colllmiUees which eren"!l0llating a vmrty of ;"U<:!<

cruci.ollo ~mil;: jIlrvin\.Erwin said tnt Sholl-Ierm

<:ommilll!<> was dOS<! 10 ;tg~

llIffil on a retreI>l:lunenl policywhich would "oqUlre Mnploy­ers I" COll5l<!.... all oplio~ formit befun!' l\'Irn>ChlllMll h"'~

pLlre In addition, wm~ 5l1Ql­

rity funds would be "'" up \0cu..Jliun tht 11,,,,:1"',1'" of Ulll.'m­

pIoy"","1 lor re!n'""h«! .....nrk­,~

Skill. m.d" redundantwould be i.tvntiJi"d andn>!r;lining for ..>If...mployJlll'nl

t>usi""", and the gDVeTnm..n1could suc~dully carry outeconomic structural c!•• nge.0U1 fUlUre wuld ~~ blNk.

H. diM.'ttd 'If'Kifil; 'ppe.11It, Natal, ~hkh is on. ollhefew reSlllll51N1 does ...,1 )"'1have .....glOnal l!'<:onom;cforum in f'l.>ce HI' said thaith.......dO I d....., ch,.a - J'l'O"pl. ( ould f'<lliUc .round In.erolhlmy, while suff<'ling and"",d,h,p ronllIlued U".NIN.III l!wy cook! cll<iu<;e to thrashoullh";r ditknm<'lS 10 ",·;Iv.lhe I'<;onomy. and gtv.. therounlfy hopo,

Th. NEF (lOW ccn~i~ l. lIf

THE N;alkm.o! Eronamk ForumINEFl the fin' demo<:r.lic/otiid. fLl'r nogoti.Jtmg «Ur.omi£

P.!llcy fOT S<>ulll AfTin, "' theonly"rDutr lor JOIvlng u.e,~­_ .,;onmnk plOblnnt that

fa~ the country. SCI S&~ AlecErwin. nallOMl f'duatiol\ offl·efr for the National Union 01Mftalw"r~etl\ of SA ~ nd th..C""",lu . ..p.....en IUiv.. at theNEF

Addre""lnil a recenl Ida...FuturO' Forum in DlIrt>an,

Erwin Ii<lid tha t wWwut •democratic pr"'..... th roug hwh ich neguUatiun5 betw ..en(Ilganlsed Lat>ollr, orga"i"""

Talks: Legal status urgentURGENT priorily should be gi,'en tn ...... Ilng legallnl.."m Incalguvemmmt lilnKtu.... !(I tiff'<! joint Joo.IO!Hl'I.!king al tho> locall....·el,

Thl-' ..... the teehnl: at lIOme XIO <lel"&,,I'" - "'p""""ling dyics,munictpalilin .nd thl- ANC In lhe E.l-tc'TIl Cap" · who atttonded ..ronfcrenu un t,.nslliolldl m••,ul'1"'l ho.led by 101... in PorIElir.abeth all"" end of April.

Delegate. Mid loc.l negotialion forum. ...... fac..:! with a situa­lion where munidpalih.,. w..... llIak,ng d....;,ion. w~lch had a bear­Ing "n Il\.tttvn deb.:Ji<'\t in 1,,,,.1 fo"""",. Tni. w""ld bt 3vnid..:! Ifinlerim 5lructu...,. with 1"lI"151.1u5 we", CnNIted.

Reg~rd;ng Ihe non·~ym.nl of ...rvlc....nd rent, 5.lnro (SANali<mal Civic C>rg.ni"'liool d.,j'1l"I,," argu.-d lnal 1'- wlff ,,",,­gaining fOllIls Ihal would be dlUppvd when "'I"""""'"IJ~ve strue·tun'!' were In puceand new briff 5Iruc1""" had been negolialed

M.. Mlln;aoe. R'1lion.1C"",,,irKI<n D.-/'x~t... li,;/", 10 the del><t tr.

Training voters A fine example from Zastron, MatlakengIDASA·S Tr.lning C., nl l't' r"rDem""rley and M.tla Truslp.>uled Iht'll" reoeJlU'O.'O, neemily10 p,.sent a ,·oter educationwn,k.""p 10 ",me 150 !"'OP!.in Kwar-.rd rbd •.

Th. wo,k'lhup slartl.'d with ahnvflng _i"" f>Il neg<>lilltlonsand attempted to cl"rify differ­''III l'led"".l .yill.......

The m<><l antin!/; !",M 01 thepwgtamm. "" "" ,,~ion onhow to vole . n.o.e p"rtlclfMnl'who did nnl gel a C""net ro rol<'play Ih., vOI;n~ procl'du,f'Swere vmbly dis.ppninl.d,Th",. "'0' a ~tronll cu mmlt­l\'Ienl by .n f'T"""nl 10 impartIh.oir knowlNge toarb...- f"'OI'leIn tht'ircommllnil...._

UNEMPLOYMENT. !'!Iverly. The 0fS P".,.... C"mmiU....homell.'5,n.... , and 1il\ml'!,m... plan,!<>"'I. b li. h 1,.....1pea.-esH"re racial lensloms and CI><nmitk't'S in .1llowns in 1Mpolar".lion. ore problem. province 10 ensu re peaceexperIenced by m.ny . ma ll thmughronflic1fP.SO!ul,,,n,andl.ownsin the fro.o<o Slatv. 10 ini tlale .oclc·. c" nomlc

In lhe ........ I fll'!" I~e funeral I'f.'«IMlruclion progr.mm• •.of (hm H.>nl, mt'mber!l of Ihe l1w J'IlI'fOM' of Iht worklh<>pu~tron /Matll~eng ( ommu- wl5 Ihen also 10 d<.>l1'TTJ\1ne lho>nily ",m~ togl'fh... for a ..·ork- framework witb,n whICh such.hop 10 dl'!erml ne the neMS a,..ommit~.hould lIpI'TaleInd np«laliunl ul vor ioul Th..... F"""enl we,~ .. veryInl.....1 groups .round d....el· repreoeol.tiYt' gn'up f"'mI IhrlIpmenl. A jc>lnl venture II I local ( om mu nll y - puUlicalIda,. and Ih. o rs Peace I"'liies, mics,loc.l aUlh""li",.C"",mill.-e. tho> "",,,kslmp .1.... the churches ~nd jorce. II ,,'.,aimlld 10 pnJIlI<llt' Undrf!;\And- ...mal~lble Ih.1 Ibl, S,ouping and p.rtidpalion In d",.;gn- man.~"" Iu .g..... on a cum­ing .n Inleraclive planning mon YI,i"n fOT Ihrlr Commu­pftlC"'l$_ I nily - f'NC" and harmony in an

econumic.llv vi.ble .tm~

.pheff,IlUid«J by the prin d ­pIes 01 democncy, p""tcipa­tion , accuunt.l;>ilily. luin l",sp"n.llllll1y .nd .uundadmlnlJlr.lion . Compull;llrybuic educaUon (u nd . , o ned."..r1R\t'J\lllor an child ..... inthe Irea WI' identlfled ai Istronll ....00,

A local p.a.,:.. ronUll'II~ willbe t'kivd 10 (:arty furw.rd lhevl. Io n. goodwill, idu• • ndenetgy gt'TlI'raled by the won­slwp. The """pie of M. llak....g.nd lUlron have sel onen,ouraging .~ample 10' theresl ofSoulh Atric'a.

l(n"". v.n togg...nkf]lR~! CIMI,din.olor

REGIONAl REPORTS. rod saw th 1as ee begm.nlng of a proct' tluor. would1Ikt' to tau turl,"". Our liffi<¥l~ lookillg ar ways toouch. pl'Ol:'6S and rnVltr illInlm's!t'd~b Dr

to contact Eri k. at (Qij'162-31135.

The '""''' lid ,"orkollop. onJ.- 23. will /""" on equality.. a principle <II demll£la'Y'The tlllrd wor kshop. onAugu.17. w,lI focu.o; 011 p"are.The da le and I<>plc for Ih..fourth ne"l II.. n"t b....n/",ali.'l'd but it iol!kdy 10 t.lhpl.Ke un 5eptemt.:r ll.School.intl"re>t..J In rartidp.oling ""'Ysubmit 10 DUr offire the ' ''''''''"of Iwo pupil. who wouW likeIII lu..nd. I f op,mlng_ nis i.clowr In ltv lillll", ""'"' f'Ilpl'"Imm urh ,c1100] will t>.,oImlmm<1<l.aIl'<! .

''''0 'Porate the ide.. udyllll<>ns 01 nlolny hour.( dl5C\l,..

,i"". The ide~l Midra nd, ..wnr~"'np partidJ'l"b<"",W it .iIla pl."" wllf'fl' nmd iliom al1'_h thai re<id<'11'" C3JI d<'Vt'lupIhe" full eeen"mk pole,ulll ,....taln ""d 1111."",_ their '1""1 ,itT oj life and have .c,-.,.. tohou~lng. ad~qu,lp OOw;.ltionand . ll goo.>dnn<l~

Furlhp,m" re, Midn ndwant. to be • rol" mod"l /utaa:ommn<!allnll poIitlc>! div",,'",tv and for ,.:>int decN"n-mak·Ing proce..e. that tl b lolU~=unl the broad ". Iu,,", andprindples of .11 po'l'ple.

In I """" m.tt.... 01 monlhsl h~ pcopl{> of Midra"d hlv"alreadv ~,,'Ompli.hed a 1\'''''d,..1:. romrnitmcnt to th;'; p....""'" by . n role pl.1~"fl\,. w)U·ing"""" to forgol P.l.t wrongsand diugrl'\'m..nt., .nd •n:rolv<!' 10 d"""t<- .ub.t~nli.l

tim" and ""' ''In 10 iKhl<'VJng1"'-' 'ld",r M,d.... nd

II... RobrrIo '" • noFOI>I1......,,.,llna'or 1" ldnI'.

I'rrlmi.offl<-• .

.h,po;, rommuntc.t1on ''Y',..ms,locol govemmc·m. alld tM Jl'l.l­tioMhip wilb tilebroo>Jcr!'lV\'

""'"Re.Ii"nllth.1 ' h" M;dr~ndpn,,"'5 would u ke up mlKlImor~ time than Mlginal1 yan!icipltl"d . ld.... was gwenlh. go-.hl'ad by intere.tgroul'" !ll ap""int I full-timeproj..' 1 ma"ager Illr . h

m"nth•. W" werefoJlTU"" re to """,rethe •• rvi,e. ofI'atn,l Madu lloL ~

former KaNgw.n~ , abinetmini,ler and a rnaliCllI doctorI>y pml_jun. During 1992 heWI. ,halrrerwn 01 Cod",a',WorkmgGroup 3on tn" ronst>­tUl'on. !f i. ~, ren.iv.....peri·enee 0' politica l negotiation,ladllwi"n, .nd dll('1r1,",,"lalm~nlg..m,'nt ;" inv-a lu. bl" toI"" Midr. ntI pro,:.....

TIw P""-"'Sfl ha. b<-o>Jl tim ...'(In,uming. tout ...w.rdln~ flO

lar Virttwlly allllle role pla y­en h~v. ne..n rontuct'-"ll int"I.... 1''''''''''' .nd a ptoce:'S """mi. I",,~;ng ~ t I otTl,,' u ,e to

BY ilEA ROIlErn

soll'ly IKks inlramurtu ....ldlsa has run two work ­

""'PO; k'f reoid....t. of Midr~nd~ nd l~u'1' rar k thi~ year. InIn..... w...rl.no~ p.o.rtidp.nr.W\"f<' ."led 10 id~nti {y nee<hamI pwblern ar~a, . and torom,' up w!tll a VI.ion fur 1"'='Id~al" Mldw lIJ

The lewl " f . gree",enl hasbrm ourpri."ng . nd cnw uu lI­inl;- Nalurally therewe.... ditl....~ nce. in"mphul~ ~ whll"m.ny "I tile r~ t e-

pay~r~ are an~iOll' to . .... adevel"pmenl pl~n Io r tbeunderd~velllped ar~.., 01Midl1l11d, tn.. Ivory Park "l""'".... t.ti ..... want Ufg~nt .tlen­lion to be &lven to Ibe pn",l­,ion 01 ""k !><'I'\'kc"" aod lh,'f"""la""'til>n <of I....ry I'.r~ .. .I......n. How"v..r, what h..bemm" inoll'a.ingly d~H ;"Ih.l l Midrand lI£'<'<I., an ""''-'P'­~ble alld repres-nlalh 'e ,1m,·tu ... I" deall\lll ""Iy "' tll Ihen..hul ",\). i •• ue of d......lop·m..nt. ht>th in th.. . hort ~ nd

long term, but WIth ",J.ti"n-

A ,b",~...i"" _'~'n J~rms. IfIt fi"t >mrbJr"".

~ p"'g"mm~ 10 I"rth~r the ""h",,1f, ~ntly ~It~ndod th~

puwth 01 i d~mo(f"tk ""11u.... fi ....t worhhnp In th{> ""i...,A. such. the y or" d""ign~d wni,h had youth and d..mor­wi!h a non-part, ,,,, n joeu. lln racy as it. Ihem" . Violel'C",d('fllOC\"a1lf v.I".... . nd prind- racism, un~mplll)·m~nt andpIe• . Progr. mm,·, ne ~ui1t di.In,em;tod youth Wen' iden­.nlUnd int.....>cri"" ,md "lim".. tlfi<'d a, th" m(l~1 burningall" . ct iv" partidpahun and issues amung Ih..... di....M<'dcrN Uve input lrom the Slu - ~t 'he worl<shop. Many parlKI­dent:> pant , wint III be involvc>d In

Pupi15 from 14 dlttm'l11 hish mO.... wtlrblw.,I"C.C'C'C"C'C'C':":'o.-'- :::o:::=-=-===

!'IDlY developingM i d f~ nd < b..t "'",,n

g and f'n,t"tia. jj

., key tu the « 0­eveh.pm"nt 0/ tneetrop<Jhtan r"gl""01 it. geollraph,alnd mduMri:llglUwth._Id."" W• • appr",,'the Mldnnd T"wn

til f.KiliLltp a f"'lO"IO ­fug ill playe~ - III'l:Gben." t d"WIopm"'"Yo fur the Hea. I d~n­

- and inv"h'ing - thpnt rol" playPr< In

Iw; been a sl,>\<' pro·'11 dd ition I" the. tllW"

ind (hamwr oj rom­t"'-"" .... 11 rat~pay"""

'" ... and a number 01o~ra Unjl: in R.hipnd lVllry P. r ~ . lvor)'il:h ."'m.! as an in/"....

, """ af Ih~ Benhighway SOm~ yt'.rslui. in the "'I:,,,n 0'

m id.n lli. In .pit" '"~

low-oost i>oming pn"nd ftt>~ h h ""d <'du,~­

farlllt,es, Ih~ area ~IHl

Of 1dUl'~ ..du,"alio ~

acy programm~ InCap<'_four ymllkwill be held thl,

l~.ues Tdat~d 10y.all~m pl 10 engage as

school. as F"""'i~ In theme, .,uk ..orhlla!,

olve "Orne 40 pupil,lIle",,,, Mollool. in lh..Cap!' r"wII area Th..

F"",alro and di!IC~

drawn lolgellwo. In ""I youlh -otiental..d

;ua" """II ,."""t. In th~

participant. will alsotoward> d..~elPplngI rn8OI.l~ lor thnn·......,...

wurl<-ohops f"rm part 0'

Alk.. C<><tz....Ilosta...t C.,..,.dl""wr

""",t.tion would he di!;ru"..."jOnly the Con""rvative f'a rtvdeclined I~e in,,;tal~)n , .

Atlh .. m" enng SILC laidthat it understood the trainingof p• •ty munito,., to indudetwo romponcnl!<:

• tra ining parly activists 10

und''I'Sland the elt>ek".ll.w '"tIllt-s 01 th.. gam..;

• training I"'rly a<liv;,l, intlw: ml.'chanb of voting fill lhatthey ....ould bf' aWe to monitor"o!ing . tations on election day.

1t ;. h"pt'd t~.t by I"" end (If'-1aya ,tart can Ill' mad.. "n lhedpsignof;l training progr.mmewhich would be implement<'d.t "olion.l . regional and pus"­hl"local level.

R,,"<"l1.~l'/S ~!Ii It'" H' Mad"",,, Da"'''ilt Mltrna",/Q",t FIT'!,'h~mh:...tIld," f,ldi' fkn< ';'lm, r"""mlll j''''" '11)~'dh Id"~r oJ,rf! in Dllr/1a" ~Sltd.>....h Go>!",,,,, 51<wn C,1!ill., ChII rln Tall.., "..d $,,,,,,1'/M" .."dtl. M""',,"U' MilttTo,ld" ;,,il,'II on'f"al lolMo1~ JII''''IIher .......,,1 !'i._it I~ 5<,ulh A/' j,:o. H..,. .",,,,"'Ii,,,, 1I'ln ,Iu- i""Jill/ltg«s I..ok 10 ,,,,. 1957 Dakor i"ilidliur. l/·hll ,n.. generously ,"/''~rl'" f,y Flu",... UI>r'II. Ihc rLl II"J. I&m "''" l...ws.

Reconstruction needslocal initiatives

REGIONAL REPORTS

- Training for party monitors

society and Its elleclll on Ih.."I.milin and Ihom"elve, • •individual.. ThL'enrci... "",,10th..m thi n k di/leren tly a ndmo~ po>iti"e1v aboul w heretlwy callt<' from and what the"polentiaJ destinies ere,

Th.. programm 1. 0 In-d"dni pra ctical planni ng " II

what th..y muld rontriblJ !<' k'lh. d ..vel"pm..nt and 'U'IC ·"',,'c.. "f • d""">(TatlC ""'mtry;md cullure.

Th. d.v ended "n ;I verYpositi ve n'lIle with the whol~

group ad"f'ting thr p rinrir k-of, ommunity_minded n.. "3mllnll3 ",nRe of oth", val\>l'S.

Geoff 1I", nTI" .... ' -.-Ining Com....

New tutor

Changing minds at workAT THE end of a seven-hou r1 ntrod ua lon to Demorracy 'co u .... a t Warner Lamberlin Ca po.' T"Wl1. a particip,mlwh o confid ..d during a nearher tea b.... ~ that .~e ~od

.Irud y mad. pl.ns to ..mi­grat.. to BoIs....dIl3, was tho> flroth. volunt..er to b...:ome putof a local pt\1~~..-ping init;,,­fiv~,

Such w a, Ih.. atm".phr~durin ll th e course run byIda , . ' , Tr. inin g C~ntre forDrmocnry for ,boul 25 P""­ph>, ,,",ployed al <liflcrmt k-\-.el!; in tilt' rompony.

On........ion involved p;lrtl<'­pdnt. in examining the d""e!­op",ent "I Soul h Alriean

G EOFF Brown lIeft) has loined Idua '!Training C..ntre lor DenH",rac y in/ohdnneo;bufll; .. a lulur.

c...off was 1><1.00 .t !hi' Students' ResourceC' 'lItll'.t the Univ"""ity of the West"'" c..p"befo... moving til /ohilnn. ..,bulJl'

I'r",~",,"ly he wnrl""j 01' tilt.- ANC Youth t..,.gut". 'f"'dal rom­milt.... on n.t,,,,,,,1 youth unity. He is ~I", • found... ml'mPer III lheNatilltl.1 Youth o..",.·lopml'l1t Fun,""

G t..n&own...Regiau tC_t"at.,..

urgr.d ing tnwnship liv ing L _<\lJldillo"" and pmVldlng re.J. Id""t> ....ith . IIt<'a"" "I gCll<Tdt­'ns ,nco,,,", on • su,lamro basi.willun tllt'1T rommlln,ti<.><,

Spea ke r, "I a ,emmar oniina1\C\' fur dCVl!k'f"'IIt'nl q"''''''lion«! the tradioonat approach10 dHelormenl herause it1"",hi.,.J flO ,nutegK'F'IIre5/;,

Mr Tn" Mbowe", of lhANC'. department of eco­nom ic planning "a id \tadi ­tinnal d""..r''Pmml w•• pn>je<tonm tl'd. and mad" III> <><lvo"",towa rds chonging Ihe . itu a­lton . He ,ugilestcd 8",,1 '0'; -•'lIt,..I planning fOf projocts.

The dil't'CtLlr of Corr1, n. MrSIeVe Tophilm, <IUe«twnni lilt.­role ,.f inler""lio""l .id all..n­nes who w..re provid ingliMnce lor developmenl butwhi.-h will in= a, inglr s hif t

hom dona ti ng to interm<'dl- ~;;;;.;;;.;;;;;;;,_---_:__;_:_:__=:__;_:_:_----an I'S to a l<'gltimale go"... n- IIment una. il wa~ in power.

Mr John Barlu>r of AmdtolaFin, n.-e Corpor.t,on. sug­gesl<'d l.pplnll int" rutal "' ,,­in~ to fi""""" d.."el"pmcnt,

Thc ...."i ....r "'""" .. jointlyho sted toy Id • •a , Corp l. n,Bordcr Rural Commit!.... andt.... Rur. l Advirt Ccotre.

l.OCAL d~Vl'I "l'm.nl Initi,,"tiv", .re central !<J any 1""'-.....of ...:"n"mk rroms tructinn i~

tile IIorde,. ,..~ion . a=)rdln~ todevelopment expert' whodUelldl'd two n'Q'111 bfwkJa,t'SI1n1ln.1B in £"st Lond"n.

'SQu lh Alrjc." roliti ciJ"'looking til f,,"';gn inv...tmenta' th~ p.lN"~;1 to ('(.'(In,,mk ill..huuld ,alnN concc~trd!~ unencouragmg lnd'J!:enow; busi·""'5h, ",,<urr su.' tained O'Co;>­

""mie groWlh/ '4id vi,ihllil5<:olli.h .c.d.mi~. Mr IvanTum".

II... urr~,;s<'d disapl"'inl ­"""'I lhal f'JIiUIAlI por1if'5 ""erenot odd,.".,,;i'\'; <'<I'no mic pol­ky i~suo.'S In. mann~r whlehwould ' res lructu", th e Hon­"my m a mNninj;lul Wd r .

' Il ",nIt'S Nck to indigen'>o!d ~v.-loprnenl of ge~ring the"",n"my t""'onJ, lhe p,oouc­lion 0/ rnd'iS C"Mumer goodsfor the blicl populatinn dndmovinll .way f"'m luxury11000•.-

The ~mdll dnd mediu~­IOf 'houhl bot enc"" f~ g.", h.....pand, and Idrg.,., rompanil'!lpte,surlsed into beco mi ngmo.... Comf\<' ti th'e, Mr Tun'\:add.'<I

Public 'rcndinil , u r r orl. hould he d"ec ted loword.

BOOKS-Opening a new window on world

SOUTH A FRICA AND THE WORL D:A NEW VISION. R~port on ~ co n fer ­one"! orga ni sed by thO' SA Inst itu te o f[nlO rn a tio na l AHai..,. a nd th e Cen t,..for Sou thern Afriun Stu din. Aug ust1991, 54 pag" ' , published by SAlI A,Johannesburg.

TIlE CHANGI NG WO RLD A NDrROfE S S ION AL DI P LO M ACY, A....port 0/ • wo rh hop orga n;.ed b y th..Crn lre for Sou th ern Afriea .. Stud i...and the In le rna l io n a l Stu din Un it(Rhodes Univers ity). h bru ary 1993, n""g"' , pu b Ushed by CSAS, Bellville .

SOUTH Affi.a'. Iran;iti"n to . newdemocratic o,de, is 11,'1 . pn"",,' limo,ted to the domestic 'ffM. !'ohtK'.'"

onJ the public incl'l'",mgly "-'C"gni S<' th ..<" ohnlling vilal role ot the ,"l"mational""mmunlly ,n Ihe process of tran,formlnl:Soulh African .o<io.>ty - . role lhat r.·cenU)"boca ill<' prom;lI""! with Ihe d'1'loymenl of...ri"", l.ams of inl.matimlal "'-rwI> andmooitors throu~houl lhe (ouo lry, MoslSoulh Mricans IKlW auepl Ih. n""essily "ftJ>. inlemalional communily acM~ as mid­wife in lhe painful prore>' "f ~lVin~ birth toa new order in Soulh Africa,

How ev er, lhere is nol . \...'a y, a d •• rundersland ing of Ihe pardm<i.." ollVorldInlt.wsl and invol.'emenl in our tra",inon,Although it i~ nol a popula r argumenl it i,III'n'!<8d.ry to "1""1 thai the global int.",,1a,.J ~oodwi ll g"n.,,-aled sin,,,, 1'190 will be oflimill'd duralion.

Given the fragil. , tat. of glob.1 J'<,litksInd "'-WIOmia;, inl<'resl i, .In·ady "hifting ­" ' ''y fn,m Africa. loward, 0''''' aod J'<)!en­Il.l1ly mo", da""'ging nashpoiot> (d.ma~ing

~ the industnali>ed W....I, lhal IS). T1w lulure01 t!le Russian Fed",allOn and 60.01• • ft'US<':< ;n poin!. Equally ommous for SoulhAltica are I<'<"<'n l glo""l economic develop­"""'hi. TIl<' end "f lhe Cold War introducedo<:,.I",.led lrad. bl", ,orming wilh wn·o>mildol prolecti"ni . t lendeod",. and lhe~ of • ""mm;.; lrad" war 001 far behind.Thit brings Ih. furt her marg, n.llsa lion 01AJr;,o and the <mly " 'Tnaming global divide10!0 sh.rper focus: tha t "I North """u,

'"'~Giv. o the,. glo1>.1 d.vel"pm.nts . il

>lould be naiv .. and .impli,lic 10 "pecl\">IlI·aparlh..id South Alri,a t" ",nJuct itslllte",ano",,1aflal" w\lh mOT{''''''' IMn inllop past. A ru d~ awak..mn~ awa ilS Iho,",

who !>telie,,, (r ... hope) Ih"1 South Airica will

...' ily "~,um. an "n<:onlnwe"ial.nd ",m­Il>ft,hle ",ie in globalaft. i", A n,'w gov",n.m''l\t will in",itably l>e fon:ed to mak" COm·ple x and .,·..n unpopular choic.., in lh.lormulalion of ii> ror..i~n. e<:onomi, andpolill{al policy, All 110. more reason. Ih ....lore, 10' Soulh Alrican._ 10 urgently cone n-Irat. their mmd. on Soulh Af, ica'. futureintema ti"", l "an(e. [ can gladly report that_,,<h thinking hal already "artt'<i. The twopu1>h",ti<m' undt" .-.;view reflecl a >en* ofurgen cy a mon~ academi". lhe ANC. andIh.. tJerdnm..nt of foreign Aflalrs, lur us todevelop a 1>.11 ..1' und ..rslanding oj themomenlous (Mnses abroad and their impll­cali"ns for thc_ counll)', Thi> is coupled to acall for apprnpria'" .....pon""" . l h"me ,

The two puh ii,ation, under discu"ion"" ..nli.lly .sk wh..lhe, South Afri(a Canproduc. a new vi'lOn o{ it, pi",.. \ 0 thechangmg world order and wheth", it has lhecapaCity 10 m.l.ke and carry out an efte<:ll",'lo[eign polk)'.

By ANlHOM VAN NtfUWKUK

Sou lh Al ri ca a nd Ih" Worl d : A N..wVis ion deal. wilh Ih.. firsl qu..stlOn, It ISf"oba bly unfair 10 .xJ'<'<1 a di'parat. g'oupof 7tJ-odd f"rcign J'<llk)' _p<ria Jj'll; 10 com.up with 'a new . 'i. ion· all... lhr•• dav. ofworkshopping , In, lead . the group ad"ted a'bnldd-can. '. , · arproach, locu,ing on f"u,issu.. a",.. . Soulh Africa and the world ,pohti,"1and diplomatic; South Africa in thew"rld e""nomy; South Africa in Alrica; andthe maltmg of loreign policy Th.. publicalional". c.rri., IW" eH..llr· nt es","}'. by well­kn" wn a<ad.mi( ~ lark Spence a nd SamN"lulshungu . Thi, w", king appro.ch pro­dun'd not a ""'" vi,ion Uhe lill. du"' ....mslighlly m"kadingl bul ral ner madt, dear",hal Soulh Atri<a w\1I tOl... wlwn prepanogfor a ocw ",lahoo,n,p wllh the mternationalcommunity, It abo highlighted a numw-r ojforeign policy options that might be<omea"aila1>l.. 10 lh. new gov..rom<'l\t wh..n mak­ing policy,

A ,emarkabl.. fealUre 01 th.. punli<ahonwa, lh.. ,""asure 01<o"",n.", ",,,h<..;l. A, amemb..r 01 the workshop <ommcnt.d .in,tead of vasl are.. of di,agr...m. nl ,.... common goai, ..",.,rged. a common ,...al­it~' w"' pN<eived and agft'.m..nl w"'reached "" methods of achit'Ving lhe dl.'Si,,>JgMk Idc'ologkal dilfe",,,,,,, appe",·d to n.aimllSt romptetely abSt'nl' (p 3).

What Mame d ..ar lhroughoullhe pro-

ceedings was a realisat IOn 01 the growmgImporla nce of e<onomi, alf.,,, in foreignpoli,y I'Ceo-economic, would ,orne 10repl.,,, S",'-pulitico' or ·the primacy of ""0­nllmi('s',., participant, PUI ill. This mea",lhal stol", io their reiatinns wilh on.. anolher"'~\\lld «'me 10 l>e guided by """""",ic mn­, ideralioo, abo"" all 01",. and lhe mmmentwas mOli.. 11>.1 the direction of Snuth Amcantnrdgn policy in future would hav.. tn bedetermined by <a",ful cronom;" "Iculatinn.

Ala,. lb. ronte,1 for South Atri<an policy·makins m,.led by the current sial.. 01 thed o",,,,I" ,..nnomy and ,ntemational e<o­",'m\( conditions in lhe l'Ntls does no! tookfavourable .,1 .11'

• Soulh Am<a r...... a harsh interna honalIrading envin'n m"" t ",',au,., il is , till d"J'<'n­denl on p rimar y and ,.mi·proce,..dexp<"ts;

• Mn, 1 "f ii' manufactured prodm1' arcunmmpetit"'e on tnlernallonal ma,ket,;

• Tr"di ng will be still m"re dilfil"lJtl withlhe development 0/ wmewha l iowaN-look­ing tradin~ bl"",;

• Th.. ,onhnuing margjn; lisalion of lheSoulh and Airi<a in particular will ""'• • itmol'<' difficult to find .11..matiw """ kets,

• It would be almos t impo"'lbi. I" attractnew foreign inveslm..nl belon' "h'cvmg am....u'" of pohti<al.tab\lily al hu"", - onl tomt'tllilln economic growlh; and

• S"ulh Atrica might be otfen'<i , ignili­,'ant q"anliti", of aid for a shnrl period dur­iog lhe ",Iablishmenl 0/ a d.mocralic ,tat..,1>ut ,t lS unli.dy Ihal ('<)"""" i"nary fi nance",ill be ,·,tended for t""g.

Gi"..n lhe ... condi tions, Ihe wo'bhopargu ..d lhal a d ..m<>crahr Soolh Africa,hould pu,..u••<onomi, nppnrluniti,',wh.re.'", lhy a""e, in Ih,' new mark<is orEa_I"m Europ" and tht· Commonwea llh nlI"d.penden t Stal... in the r"'o"erl ng mar·kelS "I latin Am..rka and In th~ g,owlllgC~,ibbean . Bullh.. mosl .'ital i>l6". was ,..,ia­lx>,,-> wilh A,i.,n rounlri... whi<-h .'1'<' grow­ing m"re rapidly lhan .ny oln..'f part 01 lhewo,ld

S.m Nolutshungu pe,haps capl ured th..""",n<. nl lh~ task of Soulh Afric", futurefo",'gn J'<)lk)'-mahrs when h. "serted th.t'lor Sl'ulh Africa. .. lor e""')' nlher «>untry.I"'~ill;n poliq will be aooul nt'go lia ling •pa th b.l .....en o.c.."i ly and pref~,..n<c.belw....n dom..stic n,,,,,i, and .,Iemal (,<>0',Irain l' ; and aoo ut 1>argaining wilh otho,actor>, few of whum will su1>mit pa..ivd y to

To pBIt" 30

From Pagu 29

late or the dictate< of the "market" or the· n~w world order". aSd in~1 the backgrnundof Ihe overriding ..halleng,~ of lhe dom",!ict.,k 01 , late , on>o lid"tion and legitima­tion'

Th. Changing World ond Pmfe. sionalDi plomocy deals willi wheth. Sou thAfr'ka h•• tho> diplomatic rapad ty to mak<>and carry (lu i an eff~ti" e fo....ign policyThe publication ",porb on • d~~,inn ondemuphng diplomacy from party-politicalinleresls and the necessity for a prol"",o!ldldiplomatic , u' p. which "",ves lhe enlireSouth African nation. Us conclusion. inl'5SenC<'. says that it is important to "",og­oi... South /\fried'. diplomatic l>'gacy: Ihe'upstairs' of , IMe diplomacy, claiming , kills

BOOKS

or ro mlX'l{'ll(y. and the 'downstaIrs' of lhediplomacy of the libera lion movements.claiming J"lIitinlacy. Peler Vale. who sum­m"' sed lhe pwce,dings, sta ted lh ~ t ilSouth Afric~ want,.,j I ¥illfilnt f"",illn pol·icy, which renOON this soci<'ty, it was n",,·..sarv ' to di>cover the rich lal""lry of ou rAl rica n· ne.. - both whi te and b lackA/rican 'n",,' ,

In dis<:ussions on how to tran,forOl theDt-partmenl of RJreign Aftai"" there werefOUT sugg,.; tinns ~ intt'gTari,m, amalgama­tion, absorptIon and r~stTUclurins Theworld · ....·id e trend , howev er , is to ward.n'5trul1un ng dep,utment. of fu"" gn aflaiNto ta k~ intn a" oun t g1nbaf change, an dPeter V.le sugg~,ted th~ t Snu lh Afr ica. hould cnn.ider it ., well , The work, hop

-su bs"'luently s p<'nl ..onsiderable hOle <n-the issue of tra nsforming the foreign ...._vire, debal in l\ i"ue< such a' Ihe s kilhdirlum. t.1I<'\"Cl and ""try tequitem"" ts.

What the Iwn pul-Iic.tions make qu it.dear is th.lt t1l.>... is a pressing n....d for N U.eat ing and training young people lor th,Depart ment of For.ittn Affairs. The qu~.

tion, ""wever, is whrl ber the South Alri(~n

academic comOlunity can rise to the d ol·1<>nge. Frequent suggesri""" were made - atth"", workoh,,!,", bul . 1.... elsewhere - forthe ...tabli,hment of an ..,ademy or institu·tion for diplonlals, This has not happ<'nl'\las y<>t , and the fear i, that we mighl mi",t!lt' t>oat - Can Suuth Africa afford h,1

Anlnonl v.n Nlo"w k.-.k I•• rH<>. "'h.....HhIh. SA Inolit.l. 01 Inle....n.n.t Aff. iro,

AIDS: Slick photo-comicset to be hit with youthROX'\': U FE, LO VE A ND SEX IN TH EN IN ETIES p rod u ced b y Th e S to r yCircle with Ihe M e d ic.. 1 R u eo rchCo u nc i l ' s N .. l io n . ] AI DS ResurchPr og ra mm e a nd t he Pro g ress i vePrim ary Hea lth Care Network.

THIS 'pictu re thnlkc ' , aimed at educat·in~ young f"'OI'le a""'1 how to avoidAlOS, el.....al.. th.. pholo-com,c gt'llre

previously tn'ifiN by Iitles li l<c 'True Lu.....'to serioo, (and ...riOU>iy slid ) heights. 11 is. uperbly photographed, gallops along in themon"syllables belovN of yuulh, and deliv"e", its ml'S."'1I" with pro:isi(ln and p~t\Jche.

Teenagers a", the group Ol,,"t al risk flUmAIDS in Sout h Africa : the fa, tes t rat.. ufinfecli(ln 0lXU1'S .mong people agN hetw.....n15 and 19 yea rs old , a nd Ihe most heavilyinf..,tN poput.tion is aged between 20 andU years old . This is the lI'0up 'Ro~y' aims 10

~".The ",ml( is the .tylish ","ul t of e~tended

c-UU.OOT'lion I>ctw....n art i.t" ' ......n:hers

a nd Ih.. largel group - Iheyou th. It is a story wos'enlogethr fro m high sc hoolstudent, ' lacilita ted ""1'10­ratio ns of thei r ow n li ve~,

Ida lio n, hip., ned ! , Co n·cern., f... rs and mioron, ep'bo", a!>oul AIDS.

By SH,o\ UI'AWESTCOTT

Embo.>dded in the ,to')' . ... little pod.els ofvital infllTrnalion - kissing ;'; safe, anal sex isnot , 'the best thing is alway . to have saler..... with. condom ', and so on. The ,to')'was !c'\tlod .t ,'.rious , I"g,"" of its d<,,'e1op­ment and changes wen' mad e - mainly todial,,!\ue - to make it mo... authentic.

Preliminary re;ean:h ha. vind icated thi ;. pproach, with young pe"ple of all ,o rl,relatinll 10 and id,·ottfying with characlersand . itua lions 10 the comic. Thi. was ,,'i ·dent . t • press co nfer..nce .bout ·Ro . y'attended by . ome of the st ude nts w ho

My MusicMy Love

A fil"$l collection 01poetry published by

S-ilpreJJ

From ~voca" ve and iyrk a l loangl)- prut"'!. Tuwn.h ip lile,lJ<" "liful Ca~ Town, puh ticald''I",,,..,,ion a rM! lhe f..a"and squalor of townsh,p IiI<:>

are ".pre""".Speciel price to

reed ers R20 a ll inclusive

A ..Iubl. Iran Snailprfts. 30 Firflelcl Rd, PIumsload 7800

- - - ------ - - - - - - - -

ElECTIONS

Caw il ~II fwduJU wi/hin n !l"n, !11 the tund amental dec"';o", on represent.­tion and voting tincl udi ng pmportional orn.t ion.1 sy.t.ms .nd dl'fining regions jf

need bel c.n be done early <'flough. tht'fl U"w.t can t.li into pia<:. with one ca",,1: thatthere i. a logis tical de1ennination of what lhen:gi>tration pn",,,,,, i. going to be. ",'h.t theregistration docu m.nt will be and how longIlYt is going tu tak• . If those 1>'.'0 key Ihmg..re d.termined early enough, it should beable tll beco",pltied within a yNr,

The ....1of it - the tra ining . nd 'ystem and"" on _ is relatively straightforw. rd , It willbe • challenge, but it c. n be don. within ay.a" Leo;,; time is doubtful. Ohviollsly thelonger the better fmm Ih. point of view "fthe . loctura l burea ocr.<y, but on the othl'rhand, the longff you <1",I,h it out the mo..chance the.. i. lhat Ihing. ",,11 fall . part, 50once Ih.t rntlrnt",tum starts you want to justk",p rolling,

The,e appears 10 be .n accept.nc. lev.1for April '94 and even May /Jo ne '94. hutthe.. is the realisation tllat the,.,. i. a 101 ofwmk lu dn.

all [0 ours~ln.. 24 hou rs opti",;.,;<OMkf fh~ 1"""""""a day, lo r ci,'le educ alion. for I"OCt".t d,,,,,,croli( .1« -II do... n'! n""l'S,. ,Hy have 10 ti" ns!be • hig h-puwered affai r. El-erylhing polOU 10' h ighIn o ur referend um, we had motivat ion to do this lhingall ,<>11'01 small, weird i nd righ t, nol to b. anolhe rwunderful group. and ",me Angob. I'v. heard compor-,nd ividuals made some ._ _.•. M..r i,oo, with Angola and th.very imp""",v, stull wllh. home video trauma if. caused and I think that ma~'boe

carn....._ Angola;" pt'Tb.>ps OTl<' oj the bes t thIngs IMl""..... happl'nl'd to Soulh Moo

Nobody 1'\'. ta lked In yel wan ls th t"-,,ult from clectiorn h..... Tht')' wanl 10,""up. ,y>tem 1M! will glUr.ot..., that whentho lhing ls o."'lh. """,ntry will motinue in• peaceful vein.

And gitono w hat YOW'ttl ....." hnr co tlll'orrdto cown/, ;ts you'v, ..o~itortd . uch n, £15nlrQd" . n~d Nicn"'pn!In my eslima tion I think thal lhe setting i,much more positive than many countri", atIhlS sta~e of lilt' gam. bo<:auS<' yo" ""ve par­IleS I. lkin~ 1000e1her and negotiallng aroond• table. Everyone is around the labl. trut one.and the Idst one is softening. Th= are tbingsbeing done out.id. of those negoliation•.suc h ., with you, o'g.nisali on, Ihal n.hringing d ive"" . 1.m.nI5 tog. lh. r 10 startgetling t hing. read y. [ thi n k it' . verylmpre.5ive.

Tlwre is "" much mom.ntum righl now.the "nly hustralwn is th.lt there Is no focuslor Ih. rd.... nflhat mom. nlum bo<:auS<'the fundamenl/ll declsiOl'l "",n 't bo>en "",d• .But I think lb. potl",lial is all lh~.

Th. ; " M' h. " i . how t o c,,~ oiwu Ou r~aho~al brofldcnslrr!W.l~ once you put them und.... the rontrol ofthe .I.ctoral com mission, Ih.y· .. out of it.1"hey are . ubject to fD[lowml' th. rul.. - .ndin ou. law th. penalt ies an' incredible if youdon 'l follo w Ihe rules. O n. of the mo, 1important ~I"ments in the . I,..:tion is publicinfonnation ,

I'\'lzal about l/r• ...giS/ralion of oolm ?Thi,,,. ",al chalkng•. t"Sf"'<""lIy bo<:auS<'. a,rund."t.nd it, you have nO rea l hand I. onyour tol/ll popul.tion. Th. .. is an "Itmalt' of21 or22 million voters. but I roallyh .....n·the.rd anybody "'y:a , 'oter I, o. woold bean1l1-y•• r...,kl. dtlz.n and residenl,

Some pt"Ople w... ",!:.ing why [B y.....old, and whal was the norm .round theworld . It IS lB. Thar.tbe age oll. gal respon­sibility und•• many laws and lhat' , th. lawher• . H', a rahonale Ihat 'l.nd. u p fairly

well in ClIo r!.So you have 2\ or 22 million

' ·01..... 01 whid, moybe four orfiv e million h.v. no voteridentity or regIStration card,Then the ~u..tiOl'l .ri...., whatwill you u'"' to idenlify • "oIerat the poll? The •••y rou t. is tooS<' Ih. exi'ting c. lIb and put

'ID a m.~lr effort to is.'ue anol her 3 to 5 mil­lion, whall'Vel" ;, needl'<! l0 rov.... Ih. resl ofthe population ,

Th••lternat'v.,. in my vi.w, or. mu chmore compl • • , If the tim. was there< youcould ab.ndon . U the regi,t"tion c.rd .w hich h. ve .p.rtheid connot. tion, . ndissue 21 or 2.; million voter ra Rl,. but [don'tthink Ihar< reality,

If it' . imp"".ihi. to i..ue 3 to 5 millionvoter cards. then Ihe onty other opt l<ln ;,; lorthe elect ion rommi"ion to idt'Ohfy crit.riawhich mu,t be fuUowcd for a person to votewho doe,n' l hHe a reg istr. tion c. rd , Itcould be a driver'. licence. a birth certific.t.vouched lor by a chi.f 0' wh. t.ver.

Id. ally If there can be On. docum.nt usedby everybody then they ca n US<' th.m lorother purposes . Ilerwards. that would bEmuch more "'....--effectiv•.

Aftrr the ",,""US ",..ling. !I".'", hnd wWrJiffertn t g'OMp' In SOMth AfrirQ. Qrt you

Free, fair .. . and fastFlO'I' PaQ9 9

A,. tI,.... pm:. J..,I. f... oblig;ng th, publkotrtticr ~",nd(n5ttr 10 nctuallv ",,,k, nor.."Olti,,~ ,""gr~ ..",es?You mean public S<'rvic. announcemenll)'P"thing,?There' , noth mg in our Act but ,t·. a"....,. good id e. to look . t. In C.nada weII"velegi.lated part""n advertisi ng. bul nolegisl.t ed p ub li< ••rvic. adverti,in~ ­oddlng th. t . Iement would be very u""fu1.Pemops you rould F"'t toge1 h<>r l.g;;l.lion toallocat. a block of tim. tor non·parti,.n,~ilk'al . , ivic information.

In Canada we haV(' on. advantage ov,","",t rou nlri••• and trs jus t by the Iud ofthe draw _ w. have a parliam.ntary chan·n.!. Wh. n ther. ·, an . 1'Cl ion. lhe•• is noPlrliament, 50 ..... have a televi,ion network

B,go Nlirlg Ih. "" din• ••p, dnllylh, ,I,c­fI'I>~ ir ",.dio which hn," bu~ % l._ron_

ffI!/t.d fo••o 1""1:- do yO" hlWl' any ',«ipll'fin' how to ",os." fQ;r piny!I thi nk gMn the ,itu. tion. and the rompl",, ­itv and diffintlty in drawing up party fillanc­i~g law', il' ~ hard tD env;"ag• •·U th",.del/Ii15, BUI there i. a way in which the pl.ly.1"8 field can be lev.lled and some kind of afinancial . ubsid y giv.n (indirocllyllo all.....

11 the .ll"CIion commlS'ion was giv.n th.power to decree that. for enmpl•. th.r. be10 hou.. of free tim. on . very networ k ­n dio an d leI.vi. ion - wlli ch woul d b.dhided up by the p.>rti.. aoo.mJing tu a for­mula on wllich Ih . <ommi" io n woulddecid. , th.1way .veryon. would hav.a !>ai·~ crack.t Ih. thing.

All the p.rties could g.t th. i r time inwhicllever for mat th.y w. nt. d - 15 on....mlnut. ~pot. or 30 30-second spots. Youmighl eve» pro hibit priv.t~ adv.rti,ing 50

that the richer partie; don', gel a suppl.men­t.",. ...Ig. _ lhat will hel p I.v.l the playingfidd.

111 C.,..da iI', wri tl~n intn t~e elect;'ID ....1,IlIat parties get both p.lid time.nd fret, lime<Ill the air, Th. only thmg throtn.t you need is an arbitralor.m! you can US<' 5Omeon. fromthe . lectora[ commiss ion. who.,bitr.t., belw.en Ih. par lyand the broad ca, ting S!ation ,In our law. Ihe free time musl

be in pn'mrii ""'.No.mally you won' l divide

th~ tim e "'l0ally b.lw~.n .11 pa tli~' , thelarg... part~ ",;t h more "'p,........,nbtion andlIIOTe <and id.t"" in "'<'1)' reg",n obv",u.l}'Ihnuld lIav. more ttme. U'U be a ch.lI.n~e

lor the el,'CI>on commIssion,

MY VIEW

About real leadersand true understanding

'PJ"""'1Ihol !hi< ....... idrokIgy ..,. If'I'''''I'l'd • "........_ 01NnllNln INJrn. civil5rflI.nts. lIIihlal'y offi<l'n -J to.t........oprununiot> ...hosor~in~$ ."' undrr W\'"" IIlI'NIltorn ........ Soulh Am..,

,"rwr br/on> in our htstary ha.......... 1lftdN \Ndm.htp Wllhrom",itmml 10 ..u SoJulh AIric.oM" _ do no'" - hul whm>will hnol th.. lradofshlp and >.;mn lhal ...... '" d""'J"'T'llO'lyTftjui r \.., c.n find iT In our ",hoo~. w"'"' ''''....loInd. of!NdIrr< havr, tluuut;h tho.~ workt'dli~ 10<mllr

• vi<ion of. bo>tit'f $lllil'ly amung lhet. S/udnllS. Vk c. n findIlUs l. ......'nhip in lhr """·govnn....... tal _ ...here COIInl·I..... numbrn oJ ?",'plr dec. d"" ~g" Mngniwd I S<>v....d.mago.' cauw by .panhrid and pn,vidt'd~rc nd •rec""... 10 iu,rio> d<'OiN 10 111' ''1 f"" 'ple in ou r ,o<mlry. W.

c. n find Ih" I~dd.,..hip In lh~ , hurch"" wherelhe re ••• th o.~ wh" h.ve , for man y yea" ,pre.l(hN • SpiriT"I l"k ran... und"r,;Tanding .odh.TnIIJny 10.11 Soulh Afri,.tll ,

H"w",,"er. givrn ltw lradil io" o f . u lhorit. ri. n·ism and P""""'Ihty ",11. lhll "" d"",inales her•.1"- v" icn a", <dd" m t.... rd We hav It...J1M cntkal phaot' in our lrdn..ilm " ."' ...

- !Ion ..i ll boo ' lIIpc-J upcm !'<.>Illh Africa 1lrI0R'Iltal hapP""" il io . />solulO'ly~ry for lhosrm<titulio... olI'id 'W......1\OftS .., Ih", a>if WO<'!y

10 stand up . nd boooounl...JAI !hi< <:riTQI Iimr. ..... '""" hrar W~ 01

1"'- propIr ...... undrN.ond ,''' ""-T "'-'fd<, CWI'Q1TtS ..nd Iel... 01 _ Soulh Amcan.. ~ lWl'I.l """ hw lbr/,:ultural , ehrtnm<.... 01. Eugene T ·llIancbr or thr sloga.naonng pf a s<>-<.Ilifd youTh lead The ._ drmond ' syn-d"""" must br tr....fomwd into otfrf · mode 01 thinking.

Fnlinnl ""'u~ IN t ."' Wllhoul. hurnan f.... "''''' boon;.rnd. Constitutional~.nd • "*' fur..u "''''' be.....n for h. l IMy.rr - mrmy tlul Wllhoul ......... ofhllTlWUt)l nd .. roIture and sptnt of tolrr....... rm~lIly . ndund""""nding. I"'- .......Iion> wiD "01 pnMde~, __1Irity.nd P"'"f""''Y.

I'rrh.op> Ihr tune Ita> romr fur • con~ 01 m'if socio'ty 10""'Il""dle in ta.ndem..,tIt thr mulll'POrtv negotwtlllll forum 10pmvi<Ir publi<: rom .......l on tM ''''Ulie",. t>o.~ng Ihr.."""-l oulin Ihe dd,. le a nd d i«u..iun It lhe Wurld Tr. d r Cen l"Femap' then lhe m.JOriI)' 01 v,*" ...,ll hav. "omr p'",it>ilil)'

of Il'f"'l"'l'l"lalion al Ihal .' <'OurWe musl naw produce c.... llvr ...IUllo>'" 10 lhe endrml'

.W.. (>/ "". '·"nan·hy ,l nJ . ·i" I,'n,1'. W" also ru...,j 10 bu ry DU'am>g'''':'' and klOk 10> ,~hc r ",..:i<1ic$ ...hi,h have goo.. lhmuSh.imi la r proc...e•. • nd lkr d r f. m ~ .nd a' piralions lha lrl1l<"l'gt'd from tho>4' struAA1<"s

r..ma ps ou r cou nTry n•..-d' 10 bt: f"""m.'aIN " 'ith M. rt1Otulht-r King's 1 have . d .....m· ' f"'«k. or lhl' lone~ <>f .nAlan F.lon in 1M 19'1Os, or IhI' \-'Oi« oI.n Albrr1 lullluli. Wr,~n",ll JU<l stand around .n)' "".... olI'id ,,·. Iefllhl'~

IJ,1orid _ 10 1M..:t..i . ...,Mi..,di_<>l Id...,

B\' 0 4\ l D SOn....

1:'1i RECH.'T ",,'fOb.n SolId> Alnuns "'" ~ ....t;o<1cod10 .. NlJUgt' of sr. pIlic ;....g... of mu rd ~ht1n.nd

...-.oman.~ cJ h.lnJ...fan,J. gun-u~ loWSplnh­~ ..... ;"~lif'l""<d "" til tllo:ot of~ y<JUth prod.tun·ing WI' on Ilw I'du<:.._ ~~ wh__ ...1Jaft.ll .........II ...n

.uno! ..."a..... on.u fhp IJIoIjor mods lN.dmg inlo C.pr TOWII-Ap'll>I this Ndground. 'M big th..... In South Aflia .....

....... 10b,. pnmd,"f\ hlliol 01 fhp~r 'no:! ,,...,,, ""M.­pnatdy 1\'<f""!'IJ. Tho- one ~~ .00 dO'lTlolnds th.lt Bnl.1in/ulIik In fU",lonc duty 10 5<...111 AITia.Ilw other g<>nWJy "J'"'l'.n intrm.ltion.llron~ .nd t.l1L.01 IIw m,"ion> ,,' t..........• 00111 10 .w.mp Ih ( ""ntTy. M~. ..wh i1... t h ... third .trul,.."und Eu,,' P"' d...:l..,ng him".,11 to be 'the m",,' ,mportan t• nd wid...l~ ....pt'<!>'d p.1li lkal flf;U'" in Suulh AfOc, ' ,

ThI> ordillAry 5<l\.I l lI "Irk." l whJ\t>V(1" tw or . ....m'r ~:) ~. n be f,,~i ,'...n fu, bo.>ing ronfuSt'd, uncer­lain.nd .nj;ry .1rout 111<- f"tuT(' of lhi, ",untry .-sth... !dIking h,'. d, at th... World Tr.d... G>nt... app".r"n td "" i, illfl prodaimmg .not""" ';mmj·IIt'IlI " ""," ' hn gh' In lIt'gotlallons.

Il l<'O'm\ ,S...ulh Afric.", ........,,,'1 ;Jd vi.-...l "......med of 1Mvi<~ .nd It.uma ,""I lrall,ilion ­.....uld ....y i!. ' " It... Inm>mdou> <>pportllMlliH ' I"""ld P""""'I

A roupk of '-" age I had 1M "J'POI1Unil)' 10 _-::=:::;~:;:~!f"."'d """'" 1I1l'W Wllh ~ lkpul)' I'd,ltlf <II ~ ="'"C~~ J.tily -""P'f't"" I ....led him wt.et....... II "'..P'_ble- "W hlo~"" 10rmt"1ltlfl"fion ill~ po:wb, ....~1.1~~ PO~ on ~ doill; or~pl> "'" •

" 'ff\Jy b.",. 01 WCl'nIO 5lonn of l1"' '"'tiuI'l: iftl.-g'.'''''' U'l

.dIooIo; UlI<gT""'" •..,S<>ulh Atri<:Mto in urbln .......; UlI<gTiI'lion in 1M~ W p""li'.... It5f'O'... 10v~ r.;co,.worbng 1ft ee~rs- Hi>~ "'al. tMI .hhoup llul.......dod hk a I"""h•• 1dN. It unkJrnl...."",y didn·I ...n ....-.

po....I (.I1l'W .....y tn,m luI ' on v........hon d""'J'ly trouNtd . nd

~.llod • trip 10uur nrif,h00un1lS coon,""" I had l.IfIdm.o......wilh. groupol Soulh Atnc'M m Augusl I'NO, 0...... a Ifl..dayprnuJ It'd i\.1oz.mblque. ZlInw bw••nd bmloia, _ ·Ing Wllh g" mmrt>1 I..d~, btl.i_ p"....,... lil lf$. ludll"unioni.l••nJ m,'mboo.. 01 politi ,,1 o'g.ni...liont. E,a,h ofl~ "'n,lil1.lornOrs h.ld 0Il!I" lhing tll loIy repe.>1t'dly .boul ourcoun lry: 'Yuu r .u"""ful lran,,lion 10 . drmocr.h, ~lCirl}'

ow•..,; lh.lt ou r tran.ilion. will br su<x"",lu!' Tltr i"",g,~ 01lhr violr n" .m.n.uin); ln,m South Africa had . ff",I•.,J lMmd"rply .nd wh,'"· ,·,, we wenl we W"rr "n(our' l\N to dowhatrv",. we "'uld 10 ' lop the violrnce.

Al lit,. . t.g. , on. It.. In ••~ lh.. qm..hon wh,", hr' SouthAlric• ..10('5 In fM! hav.. I"" qu.lity oJ kad.~i p Wlllt "I'llm.nd ....mmi lmrnl 10 ' ..... le and in.plf" n..w d""'<lCrali'<OCirIy~

n... ."""""ination of Chri. Hani and il. vioknl .1l","",lhIu. un..l<'rpiMl'd It... ""'v .........tme1ll,; olI'id .......1poLo"""''''''Im..."hl .boul bv dec.>d~ " ' . pol1hr;d idrok>gy II 10 wry