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COMBINED UTILITIES“Over 80 Years of Dependable Service”

WATER QUALITYREPORT FOR

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WHY ARE THERE CONTAMINANTS (cont’d.1 HOW CANIBECOME MORE INVOLVED?production and mining activities. Example: Certainminerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiationknown as alpha radiation. Some people who drink watercontaining alpha emitters in excess of the maximumcontaminant level over many years may have anincreased risk of getting cancer.

Pesticides and herbicides, which may come froma variety of sources such as agriculture, stormwater runoff,and residential uses. This is included in synthetic organiccontaminants and the unregulated contaminants.

The water system is municipally owned whichmeans that it is owned by the City of Paris. It is managedby the plant superintendent who reports to the citymanager who in turn reports to the Mayor and citycommissioners. If you have billing or service questions,help can be obtained by calling the city office at (859)987-2110. Technical questions about water treatment can bedirected to the plant superintendent by calling (859)987-2118. If you need emergency service after hours or onweekends or holidays, call central communications at(859)987-2100. The city commission meetings are heldevery second and fourth Tuesdays of the month unlessotherwise announced. The meetings begin at 9:00 a.m.

and are held at the commission chambers of the ParisMunicipal Center, 525 High Street.information about the City of Paris and the CombinedUtilities, please visit our website at www.paris.kv.gov.

Este informe contiene informacion muyimportante. Traduzcalo о hable con alquienque lo entienda bien.

SHOULDI TAKE SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS?Some people may be more vulnerable to

contaminants in drinking water than the generalpopulation.persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, personswho have undergone organ transplants, people withHIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, someelderly, and infants can be particularly at risk frominfections. These people should seek advice from theirhealth care providers.appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection byCryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants areavailable from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).

Immuno-compromised persons such as For additional

EPA/CDC guidelines on

CRYPTOSPORIDIUMCryptosporidium is an intestinal parasite that is sometimesfound in surface water sources such as Stoner Creek. Itcan cause intestinal flu-like symptoms that could possiblybe a severe health risk to immuno-compromisedindividuals. Healthy individuals should recover from thisinfection with no problems. Paris began monthly testing ofStoner Creek for Cryptosporidium in June of 2005 with nodetections occurring in 2005, 2006 or 2007. Testing wasnot required for 2013.

GENERAL SYSTEM INFORMATIONThe plant is staffed by seven full time operators

who hold treatment and distribution licenses with the Stateof Kentucky. There is also a full time laboratory technicianto perform microbiological analysis in the plant as well asthe distribution system. The laboratory is certified with theState Division of Water for microbiological analysis. Inaddition, the city also has three certified standby operatorswho work in other departments within the city. Additionalduties of the operators are; collecting distribution samplesand servicing all valves and related equipment at thestandpipe and the elevated tanks as well as in-plantmaintenance. Paris has approximately 4,892 water meterswith an estimated total population served of 14,676 as ofDecember, 2013. With two elevated storage tanks andone standpipe, our distribution system has a total storageof 2.45 million gallons of water. There is approximately150 miles of pipe in the distribution system. The systememploys 5 full time distribution operators, 2 are Statecertified. Average use is 1.86 million gallons per day andthe plant's total treatment capacity is 3.0 million gallonsper day. We are operating at 62% of our total treatmentcapacity. A risk management plan, as required by law,was created in 1999 and updated in 2009 for the watertreatment plant in the event that a chlorine leak shouldoccur. The City of Paris Combined Utilities is a member ofthe American Water Works Association and its operatorsare members of the Kentucky Water and WastewaterOperators Association. Paris is also a member of theBluegrass Water Supply Commission, a group consistingof regional municipalities that are working to resolvecentral Kentucky's water supply deficit.

ABBREVIATIONSIn accordance with administrative regulation 401 KAR Chapter 8,the following table represents the most recent sampling data from 2013

unless testing is required less than once a year, which is noted in the table.PPB - Parts Per BillionСаСОЗ - Calcium CarbonateS.U. - Standard UnitsTT - Treatment Technique> - Greater Than

PPM - Parts Per MillionpCi/L - Picocuries Per Liter

NTU - Nephelometric Turbidity Units= - equal to < - Less Than

TON - Threshold Odor NumberMCL - Maximum Contaminant Level RAA - Running Annual AverageMCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level GoalNOV - Notice of Violation SWTR - Surface Water Treatment RuleLRAA - Locational running annual average

Highest LevelDetected-

*Annual Average

High-Low

Range

Detected

Sample DateSubstance MCL MCLG SourceViolationsAL - Action Level

February 20, 2013May 15, 2013May 22, 2013

Toluene(PPb)

1000 1000 0-0.7 0.2* NONE Discharge from petroleum factories

DEFINITIONSFebruary 20, 2013May 15, 2013

May 22, 2013

Total Xylenes(PPb)

Discharge from petroleum factories

and/or chemical factories MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal, or the level of acontaminant in drinking water below which there is no known orexpected risk to health.MCL - Maximum Contaminant Level, or the highest level of acontaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCL's are set asclose to the MCLG's as feasible using the best available treatmenttechnology.MRDL - The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water.There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant isnecessary for control of microbial contaminants.MRDLG - The level of a drinking water disinfectant below whichthere is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLG’s do notreflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial

0.4* NONE10,000 10,000 0-0.7

February 20, 2013

May 15, 2013May 22, 2013

Leaching form PVC piping; Dischargefrom plastics factories

Vinyl Chloride (ppb) 2 0 0-1.2 0.57* NONE

Chloramines(ppm)

Water additive used to controlmicrobes

MRDLG -4 2.42* NONE DailyMRDL -4 1.1 - 3.6

Chlorine(ppm)

Water additive used to controlmicrobes

DailyMRDL -4 MRDLG - 4 0.6 - 3.4 2.45* NONE

Erosion of natural deposits; wateradditive that promotes strong teeth;

discharge from fertilizer and aluminumfactories

Fluoride(ppm)

February 20, 20134 4 n/a 1.15 NONE

January 30, 2013April 29, 2013July 29, 2013

October 30, 2013

TotalTrihalomethanes

(ppb) Stage I

41.8 By-product of drinking water

disinfection.80 n/a 10.9-67.8 NONE contaminants.

AL - Action Level, or the concentration of a contaminant which,when exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which awater system must follow.TT - Treatment Technique, or a required process intended to reducethe level of a contaminant in drinking water.pCi/L - Picocuries per Liter, a measure of radiation.NOV - Violations issued by the Division of Water.RAA - Running Annual Average is figured quarterly using theaverage of the most recent quarter added with the three (3) previousquarters and divided by four (4).LRAA - is the average of sample analytical results for samples takenat a particular monitoring location during the previous four calendarquarters.

(Highest RAA)

January 30, 2013April 29, 2013July 29, 2013

October 30, 2013

TotalTrihalomethanes

(ppb) Stage II, 1 qtr

By-product of drinking waterdisinfection.

80 n/a 43.2 - 47 n/a NONE

January 30, 2013

April 29, 2013

July 29, 2013October 30, 2013

Haloacetic Acids

(ppb) Stage I41.4

(Highest RAA)

By-product of drinking waterdisinfection

60 n/a 11-90 NONE

January 30, 2013April 29, 2013July 29, 2013

October 30, 2013

Haloacetic Acids(ppb) Stage II, 1 qtr

By-product of drinking waterdisinfection

60 n/a 4-40 n/a NONE

February 20, 2013May 15, 2013

August 21, 2013November 13, 2013

Run off from fertilizer use; leaching

from septic tanks; sewage; erosion ofnatural deposits

Nitrate(ppm)

10 10 0.52 - 1.22 0.84* NONE

Most samples are the most recent results through 12/31/2013 and inaccordance with administrative regulation 401 KAR Chapter 8.Testing compliance periods are in three(3) years periods and arepart of a nine(9) year cycle which runs 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2019.

Discharge of drilling wastes; Dischargefrom metal refineries; Erosion of

natural deposits

Barium(PPb)

February 20, 2013200 200 n/a 20 NONE

Alpha emitters(pCi/L)

October 15, 200815 0 1.8- 1.8 1.8 NONE Erosion of natural deposits

SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION PLANUranium(pCi/L)

October 15, 200830 0 0.41 - 0.41 0.41 NONE Erosion of natural deposits (SWAPP)

Following is a summary of the Paris system's susceptibility tocontamination, which is part of the completed Source WaterAssessment Protection Plan (SWAPP). The completed plan isavailable for inspection. Please call Kevin Crump at the Paris WaterPlant at (859)987-2118 to make arrangements. An analysis of thesusceptibility of the Paris Water Supply to contamination indicatesthat this susceptibly is generally moderate. However there are a fewareas of high concern. Several highway bridges in the immediatevicinity of the intake may pose a potential threat to the water supply.An accidental release of contaminants from any of these sites couldreach the intake. The same is true for railroads that occur betweenKY 627 and KY 1678 near Kennedy Creek. In addition, areas of rowcrops, municipal sewer lines, A KPDES permitted discharger and awaste generator and/or transporter are causes for concern. Finally,there are numerous permitted operations and activities and otherpotential contaminant sources of moderate concern within thegreater watershed that cumulatively increase the potential for therelease of contaminants with in the area.contaminant sources include everything from septic systems, tomajor roads, to hazardous chemical users.

TOC**(Total Organic

Carbon)

1.11TT n/a 0.68 - 2.67 NONE Naturally present in the environment Monthly

(Lowest RAA)

Total ColiformBacteria

1 positive monthlysample

20 per Month0 0-1 1 NONE Naturally present in the environment

TT 99.0(Lowest monthly

% < 0.3)

Turbidity(NTU)

Daily(95% of monthlyreadings <0.3)

n/a 0.024 - 0.263 NONE Soil runoff.

** TOC's are calculated figuring a ratio of actual percentage removed divided by the required percentage removed.To be in compliance, the ratio must be greater than or equal to 1.0.

Number of

samples above

Action Level

High - Low

Range

Detected

90th

PercentileSource Sample DateSubstance MCL MCLG Violations

Corrosion of

household plumbingsystems; erosion of

natural deposits

Lead(PPb)

August 201215AL 0 5 0 <2-8 NONE

Corrosion ofhousehold plumbingsystems; erosion of

natural deposits

These potentialCopper(ppm)

<0.01 -0.610

August 20121.3AL 1.3 0.15 0 NONE

WHERE DOES OUR WATER COME FROM?The City of Paris uses Stoner Creek, a surface

water, as its sole source of drinking water. Stoner Creekoriginates in Clark County as does Strodes Creek which isa major tributary of Stoner Creek. Both are part of theLicking River drainage basin. Our raw water supply isrelatively good compared to some supplies as there is nota lot of industrial pollution. However, we are plagued byrunoff from farm land. The fertilizers from the runoff cancause heavy algae bloom which in turn creates treatmentproblems. There are four dams on our raw water sourcewith a total gross storage of 378 million gallons. Plantpersonnel maintain the dams that the City of Paris controlson Stoner Creek.problems with drought since two of our dams were raisedin the 1950's.

detention times throughout the treatment process are

based on this flow rate. Here poly aluminum chloride oralum, lime, and sodium permanganate are added andthoroughly mixed with the creek water. Dosages will varydepending on the water conditions. Detention time in thisbasin is one (1) minute.

It then flows into the coagulation basin where it isslowly mixed by two (2) mechanical paddles. As the waterflows through, the chemicals reacting with the particulatematter starts to form what is known as floe particles.These particles continue to grow in size and mass as theycontinue through this basin. Carbon is added whenneeded in this basin for taste and odor control. Also, thesodium permanganate is reacting during this time tooxidize any metals (example: iron, manganese) that maybe dissolved in the water as well as oxidizing other organicmaterials present. The detention time for this basin is forty(40) minutes. Chlorine is added for disinfection at theeffluent (exit) of this basin.

The water then flows into the settling basinswhere the floe particles settle to the bottom of thesebasins. The settled water flows to the filters. The

Caustic Soda - The chemical name is sodium hydroxide.This is used occasionally for pH control.Fluoride - The chemical name is hydrofluosilicic acid. Itssole purpose is to prevent tooth decay.Ammonia - Also called anhydrous ammonia. Thiscombines with chlorine to form chloramines.Poly Aluminum Chloride - The chemical name isaluminum chloride hydroxide sulfate. This is used to helpform floe which helps settle the particulate matter out ofthe water.

There have not been any majorWHY ARE THERE CONTAMINANTS IN THE WATER?Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably beexpected to contain at least small amounts of somecontaminants. The presence of contaminants does notnecessarily indicate the water poses a health risk. Toensure that tap water is safe to drink, U.S. EPA prescribesregulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants inwater provided by public water systems. U.S. FDAregulations establish limits for contaminants in bottledwater that shall provide the same protection for publichealth. More information about contaminants and potentialhealth risk can be obtained by calling the EnvironmentalProtection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline. (800-426-4791) The sources of drinking water (both tap andbottled water) includes rivers, lakes, streams, ponds,reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over thesurface of the land or through the ground, it dissolvesnaturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases,radioactive material, and can pick up substances resultingfrom the presence of animals or from human activity.Contaminants that may be present in source waterinclude: Microbial contaminants, such as viruses andbacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants,septic systems, agriculture livestock operations andwildlife. Example: Conforms are bacteria which arenaturally present in the environment and are used as anindicator that other, potentially-harmful bacteria may bepresent. Inorganic contaminants, such as salts andmetals, which can be naturally-occurring or result fromurban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewaterdischarges, oil and gas production, mining or farming.Example: Some people who drink water containingbarium in excess of the maximum contaminant level overmany years could experience and increase in their bloodpressure. Organic contaminants, including synthetic andvolatile organic chemicals, which are by-products ofindustrial processes and petroleum production, and canalso come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, andresidential uses. Example: Some people who drink watercontaining atrazine well in excess of the maximumcontaminant level over many years could experienceproblems with their cardiovascular system or reproductivedifficulties.

IS THERE LEAD IN OUR WATER?If present, elevated levels of lead can cause

serious health problems, especially for pregnant womenand young children. Lead in drinking water is primarilyfrom materials and components associated with servicelines and home plumbing. The City of Paris CombinedUtilities is responsible for providing high quality drinkingwater, but cannot control the variety of materials used inplumbing components. When your water has been sittingfor several hours, you can minimize the potential for leadexposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutesbefore using water for drinking or cooking. If you areconcerned about lead in your water, you may wish to haveyour water tested. Information on lead in drinking water,testing methods, and steps you can take to minimizeexposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotlineor at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. The City of Parisis in compliance with all regulations related to lead andcopper in it's drinking water.

detention time of the settling basins is approximately four(4) hours.

There are four (4) filters that are called dualmedia rapid sand filters. They utilize both sand andanthracite as the filtering medium. The filters areequipped with rate of flow gauges and controllers thatmaintain a constant and balanced flow through each filter.These filters retain any particles that may not have beenremoved in the settling basins. They filter at a rate of two(2) gallons per square foot per minute. Chemicals addedin the filter effluent are fluoride, ammonia and chlorine.Caustic soda is added to help control the pH (pH indicateswhether the water is an acid or a base).

When the water leaves the filters, it enters theclearwells were it is stored on site. The treatment processis complete other than the contact time with the postchlorine or chloramines which is added after the filters. Bythe time the finished water reaches the high servicepumps, the chlorine contact time is complete and thewater is then pumped into the distribution system where itreaches the City of Paris customers. Water is stored in astandpipe and the two (2) elevated tanks that are part ofthe distribution system. Samples are taken daily andtested in our lab to help ensure the quality of the endproduct.

IS OUR DRINKING WATER SAFE?Yes. To ensure that tap water is safe to drink,

U.S. EPA prescribes regulations that limit the amount ofcertain contaminants in water provided by public watersystems. Our drinking water is monitored daily at the plantand in the distribution system to ensure proper treatment.We also send water samples to our contracted certified labto check for over 100 possible contaminants. Thosedetected are listed with their results in this brochure.

WHAT IS THE REASON FOR THIS REPORT?The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments

require that, beginning in October 1999, all communitywater systems provide customers with an annual report onthe quality of their drinking water.

CHEMICALS USEDChlorine This is used to disinfect the water byinactivating harmful bacteria.Sodium Permanganate - This is used to oxidize metalssuch as iron and/or manganese and other organics. It alsohelps control taste and odor problems.Powdered Carbon - Also called РАС. (powdered activatedcarbon) This is added to help reduce taste and odorproblems through adsorption.

HOW IS OUR WATER TREATED? Water from StonerCreek is pumped into the rapid mix by the raw water (lowservice) pumps. It is pumped in at a rate of 2,100 to 2,400gallons per minute. This flow rate is important in that all

Radioactive contaminants, which can benaturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas