汽车专业英语

Unit 5 Body and Accessory

第五单元 车身及附件

5-1 Body Class 车身类型

1---- body chassis frame construction 或 separate frame construction

非承载式车身 2---- unit body, unitized

frame construction 承载车身

3---- notchback body, three-box type body 折背式车身 four-door sedan body 四门轿车车身 3a—engine compartment 发动机舱（室） 3b—passenger compartment 乘客厢 3c—luggage compartment, luggage boot, trunk (compartment, box),bagga

ge compartment

行李箱，后备箱

4---- fast back body 直（快，溜）背式车身

5---- hatch back body 舱背式车身

6---- cut-off type body 短背式车身

Separate Frame Construction

In separate frame vehicles, the frame is a separate structure that runs underneath the full length of the vehicle, from the front bumper to the rear. The frame assembly is considered to be an independent part that is not welded to other body or chassis parts. The frame rests on the suspension components and wheels and absorbs the acceleration, braking and steering force, as well as the weight of the vehicle’s body shell, sheet metal, bumpers and mechanical components.

The structure of the separate frame does vary, but most frames will consist of two longitudinal members or side rails made of hollow steel box or C channels. These two longitudinal members are joined at several points by steel box or C channels called crossmembers. The body shell is bolted to the frame through large rubber doughnuts or isolators to help reduce the vibration and noise in the passenger compartment.

5-2 Car body structure （一）5-2 轿车车身结构（一）

1---- caution plate 注意事项牌，警告牌 2---- front fender apron 前挡泥板 3---- engine hood lock 发动机罩锁 4---- front molding 前装饰条，前窗玻璃装饰条 5---- armrest 或 arm support 肘靠 5a—sun visor (vizor) 或 visor (vizor) 遮阳板 5b—grab handle 或 handhold 拉手 6---- windshield glass 前窗玻璃，前挡风玻璃 7---- roof headlining 顶盖内衬 8---- roof panel 顶盖 8a—rear window glass 后窗玻璃 9---- lock cylinder (key) set 锁芯组件 10---- quarter window 后角窗 11---- side member 侧构件 12---- rear bumper 保险杠

13---- fuel tank 油箱 14---- rear door 后门 15---- side molding 侧装饰条 16---- front door 前门 17---- floor heat insulator (shield) 地板隔热罩 18---- engine hood 发动机罩 18a—front fender 前翼子板 19---- floor side member (rail, frame) 地板纵梁 20a—suspension crossmember 悬架横梁 20b—engine under cover 发动机下罩 22---- radiator grille 散热器格栅 23---- front bumper 前保险杠

Unitized Frame

Unitized construction has been around for many years and has been commonly used by European and Japanese car manufactures since the early 1950s.Most vehicles today are of unitized frame construction. This means that the frame and the body are welded together as one structure.

Unlike separate construction vehicles where the frame supports the body and the mechanical assemblies, this type of construction is considered self-supporting and requires a high degree of body rigidity. This is obtained during the manufacturing process by pressing parts into certain shapes and then joining these components with assembly jigs and thousands of spot welds in precise locations.

In unitized construction the frame rails are usually shorter and welded to the body .Inner structure components that support the engine and suspension assemblies are strengthened to support the additional loads. The underbody is reinforced so that the floor pan has enough structural sturdiness to take the place of side rails on conventional frame vehicles.

5-3 Car Body Structure （二） 5-3 轿车车身结构（二）

1---- accelerator pedal 加速踏板 2---- front seat 前座椅 3---- I/P=instrument panel 仪表板 4---- front door window regulator 前门玻璃升降器 5---- seat belt 或 safety belt 安全带 6---- rear door window regulator 后窗玻璃升降

器 7---- trim board 装饰板 8---- rear seat 后座椅 9---- luggage compartment mat 行李箱垫 9a—package tray (panel) trim panel 后窗板装饰板 10--- rear molding 后装饰条，后嵌条 11--- emblem, badge 或 mark, insignia 铭牌 12--- luggage compartment lid 行李箱盖

13--- spare wheel carrier 备胎架 14--- floor pan 或 floor panel 地板 15--- roof side ventilator 车顶侧方通风器 16--- rubber mudguard 橡胶挡泥板 17--- rear door lock 后门锁 18--- console (box) 或 floor console 副仪表板，落

地操纵台，中央控制台 19--- ash tray (receiver, receptacle) 烟灰盒

20--- front door lock 前门锁 21--- carpet 或 floor carpet 地毯 floor mat 地板衬垫

Integral and Chassisless Construction

The terms integral and chassisless construction are often confused, but the difference is simple. Integral construction is that in which a chassis frame is welded to, and integrated with the body.It was the first stage in the evolution of the chassisless form of construction, in which no chassis frame can be discerned. The first quantity-produced vehicle in the latter category was almost certainly the Austin A30, the design of which was very fully described in Automobile Engineer, October and December 1952 and March and April 1954.The first two of these four references describe the vehicle itself, while the second pair elaborate on methods, developed by the author, for use in its structural design.

The details of chassisless construction are much too numerous, varied and complex to be described here. In principle, however, its advantages stem from the facts that beams formed by the body panels may be something like 50cm deep ，whereas a chassis frame for a car is only about 8 to 13cm deep and the area enclosed by a complete body is similarly vastly bigger than that enclosed by the cross-section of a frame side or transverse member. Since the strength and stiffness of a beam are proportional respectively to the square and cube of its depth, while both the torsional stress and stiffness of a box section are proportional to the area enclosed by it, it follows that the strength and stiffness of a body shell are potentially much greater than of a chassis frame.

5-4 Seat and Seat belt 座椅和座椅安全带

1----front passenger seat 前乘客座椅 2----rear seat 后座椅 3----driver’s seat 驾驶座椅 4----infant seat 婴儿座椅 5----toddler seat 学步幼儿座椅

6----child (restraint) seat 儿童（约束）座椅

7----power seat 电动座椅

A---three point seat belt 三点式安全带，腰肩式安全带

8----retractor （安全带）收紧器，卷收器

9----anchor, anchor fitting, anchor plate （安全带）锚定器

10---shoulder anchor 挂耳锚定器

11---anchor adjuster （安全带）锚定器调节装置

12---latch plate 安全带）锁止板

tongue 插舌

B---lap belt 腰式安全带 12---latch plate

（安全带）锁止板 tongue

插舌 13---buckle

（安全带）插扣 14---belt end

带端

Operation of Safety Belts

The safety belt show in the figure is called a carsensitive belt. It used a pendulum located in the car body and a ratchet mechanism. Under normal conditions, the pendulum and bar are in their resting position .The reel, which holds the belt, is free to rotate. As the occupant leans against the belt, it “gives” or unreels. Under accident conditions, such as a collision, the pendulum tilts toward the force of the impact. This causes the bar to engage the ratchet. The reel and seat belt now lock, restraint the occupant.

Many vehicles use centrifugal seat belt retractor system. In this system, a seat belt that is pulled too quickly out of its retractor mechanism will lock up. However, if it is pulled out slowly, it will not lock up. This type of system allows the driver or passenger to move freely when the seat belts is on. However, when the driver or passenger is moved forward rapidly during an accident, the seat belt retractor immediately locks up.

The safety belt used a pendulum located in the

car body and a ratchet mechanism.

Under accident conditions, such as a collision,

the pendulums tilts toward the force of the

impact.

This causes the bar to engage the ratchet. The

reel and seat belt now lock, restraint the

occupant.

Under accident conditions, such as a collision,

the pendulum tilts toward the force of the impact.

In centrifugal seat belt retractor system, a seat

belt that is pulled too quickly out of its retractor

mechanism will lock up.

When the driver or passenger is moved forward rapidly

during an accident, the seat belt retractor immediately

locks up.

5-5 Power Window电动车窗

The following figure is a typical electrical circuit, showing how power windows operate. The electrical operation of the LR power window circuit works as follows:

1. First locate the ignition switch , the left rear power window motor, and left rear power window switch. The position of the switches sends electricity through the motor in one of two directions. One direction raises the window, and the opposite direction lowers the window.

2. To operate, the master power window switch (located in the lower center of circuit) must have the main switch turned on. The main switch is located on the driver’s door. This allows the driver to control the operation of all windows in the vehicle.

3. When turned on, the LR window motor can be operated from either the front master switch (top left)or from the LR window switch(bottom left).

4. When the master switch LR window switch is pushed, electricity flows from the circuit breaker to the LR window switch in the master switch. The electricity then flows down through the LR window switch, through the motor, back through both LR window switches, and eventually through the main switch, to ground.

5. When the LR window switch is pushed, electricity flows from the circuit breaker, directly to the LR window switch, to the motor, and then back through the switches to ground.

6. So, depending upon which of the LR window switches are pushed, electricity flows through the motor in a specific direction to make the window go down.

7. To make the LR window go up, the up switch must be pushed. This causes the electricity to flow through the motor in the reverse direction.

Again, the two switches inside the left rear power window switch direct electricity through the motor in one of two directions. Also, note that the two switches located inside the master power window switch are those located at the driver’s position. Therefore, the driver can also control the position of the rear left window from the driver’s seat.

Power Seat

Many vehicles today have power seats that move the front seats upwar

d, downward, forward, and backward. Many vehicles also use support

mats within the seat to fit its shape to the driver or passengers. The ele

ctrical circuit for a standard power seat system can best be described b

y referring to the following figure. This circuit shows several important p

arts of the LH(left-hand)power seat switches circuit. The three motors i

n the middle are used to move the seat in a specific direction. The mot

ors can run forward or backward, depending on the direction of current

through the windings. The switches for the power seats are in the uppe

r part of the schematic. The schematic can be traced from the top to th

e bottom as follows:

1. Voltage is available at the circuit breaker at all times.

2. Electricity flows to the upper wire in the LH power seat switch complex. The voltage is available at each switch, all of which are normally closed.

3. If the operator pushes the spring-loaded Rear Height up switch (far left switch), electricity flows through the switch to the rear height motor.

4. Electricity causes the motor to turn in the correct direction to lift the rear of the seat upward.

5. Electricity then flows through the “rear height down” and the “entire seat down” switch, back to ground.

6. To get the seat to go down, electricity flows in the opposite direction in the motor. The rear height down switch must close and the rear height up switch will open. This is done when the operator pushes the switch down.

When the other switches are closed or opened, the electricity flows to the correct motor to adjust the seat accordingly.

5-6 Sentry Key Remote Entry System

安全钥匙禁止启动系统

Immobilizer阻断器（防盗器）

1----transmitter 发射器 remote controller 遥控器 2----immobilizer ECU 阻断器 ( 防盗器 ) 电子控制模块 3----receiver 接收器 4a--- microcomputer 微型计算机 4b--- microcomputer with battery connection 带蓄电池接线的微型计算机 5----relay 继电器 6----central door locking system 中控门锁 7----status display 状态显示器 8----starting system 启动系统 9----engine management ECU 发动机管理电子控制模块 10-- electric fuel pump 电动燃油泵 11—coding unit 编号模块

哨兵式钥匙遥控进入系统

The sentry key remote entry system (SKREES) is available

as a factory-installed option on this vehicle. It is designed

to provide passive protection against unauthorized vehicle

use by disabling the engine, after two seconds of running

whenever an invalid key is used to start the vehicle. The

SKIS is active whenever the ignition is on and does not

require any customer intervention.

The primary components of the system are the sentry key r

emote entry module (SKREEM), entry key(integrated key w

ith transponder and RKE on a circuit board),indicator light,

body control module(BCM),and the powertrain control mod

ule(PCM).The SKREEM is mounted to the steering column

with the molded integral antenna mounted on the ignition h

ousing. The indicator light, is located in the mechanical inst

rument cluster(MIC) 。