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USMJIP-06

UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Laporan Akhir Projek Penyelidikan Jangka Pendek

1) Nama Penyelidilc

Dr Siti Noor Fazfrah MoM Noor

2) Pusat Pengajian I Pusat I Unit

Pusat Peng~an Sains Pergigian

Unit Pelgigian Paediatn"k

3) Tajuk Projek:

Psychological Aspects of creft Up and Palate among Teenaged Patients and Their Parents

4) (a) Penemuan Projek I Abstmk

The psy<:Ildogical and social aspects of cleft lip and/or palate patients are rarely

investigated in Malaysia. This is due to the difficulty in gathering samples. Many problems can arise as

a result of the cleft mrnfdioo that posed special· threats and produce an impact on the quality of life of

these cleft lip and/or palate affected individuals.

The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial status of teenagers with cleft

lip and/or palate and their parents in Kelantan, Malaysia and was intended to provide the prevalence of

teasing and self-confidence affected by the cleft condition among the children. the possible barriem to

utilization of cleft treatment and the level of satisfaction with the cleft trea1ment A cross:sectional

quantitative survey was canied out based on structured evaluations in an interview with the patients

and their parents. The sample consisted of 60 patients with treated creft lip and/or palate aged 12 to 17

years old and their parents.

The results based on feedback of the evaluation) statistically shows that most of the

patients were being teased because of their cleft (75.0%). About eighty-three percent (83.3%) felt their

self-confidence was affected by the cleft condition. The patients reported that they were frequently

teased about cleft related features such as speech (46.7%), teeth (15.50k) and lip (20.0%). The parents

reported that approximately sixty eight peJCent (68.3%) of their child were being teased because of their

cleft and felt that about seventy eight peJCent (78.3%) of their chillfs self-confidence was affected by

the cleft.

Statistically, it was also shown that most of the patients (76.7%) and their parents

(75.0%) were satisfied with the clinical outcome of cleft treatment provided by the cleft care team

members based on the creft Evaluation Profile score. Never1heless, a travelling period of more than

one and a halfhour and difficulty in transportation are the barriers to utilization ofcleft treatment.

It is important to identify 'psychological outcomes· and 'clinical outcomes· as weU as

psychological and social problems among the cleft lip and palate patients and their parents in order to

improve their rehabilitation and quarity of life.

Kajian mengenai aspek psikologi dan social pesakit ldef leIangit danlatau bibir sangat

jarang dijalankan di Malaysia. Ini disebabkan masalah untuk mengumpulkan sampel. Berbagai masalah

boleh timbul kerana keadaan kfef ini yang baleh menyebabkan ancaman dan memberi impak kepada

kualiti kehidupan pesakit yang mengalami klef lelangit dan/alau bibir.

Tujuan k3Jian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengetahui status psikososiaJ kanak-kanak

klef lelangit dan/alau bibir dan golongan belasan tahun dan ibubapa mereka di Kelantan. Malaysia dan

bertujuan untuk mendapalkan prevalens ejekan dan keyakinan diri kanak-kanak ini. masalah

penghadang yang timbul untuk mendapatkan rawatan klaf dan tahap kepuasan terhadap rawatan klaf

yang lelah diberikan. Satu kajian separas masa lelah dijaJankan berdasarkan struldur evalu~ dengan

interview kanak-kanak kIef leIangit dan/alau bibir dan ibubapa mereka. Sampel kajian ini terdiri

daripada 60 kanak-kanak ldef lengit danlatau bibir berumur 12 hingga 17 tahun dan ibubapa mereka.

Hasil kajian statistik menunjukkan bahawa kabanyakkan pesakit diejek kerana

mempunyai ldef (75.0%). lebih kurang Japan puJuh tiga paratus (83.3%) menyatakan bahawa

keyakinan diri mereka terganggu akibat dari keadaan klaf tersebut. Pesakit mengatakan bahawa

mereka sering diejek mengenai keadaan yang berkait rapat dengan keadaan klef seperti peJtuturan

(46.7%), bibir sumbing (20.0%) dan gigi tidak teratur (15.6%). Ibubapa pesakit (68.3%) mengatakan

bahawa anak meJeka diejek kerana menpunyai ldef dan mereka (78.3%) memsakan bahawa

keyakinan din anak-anak mereka terganggu kerana mempunyai kfef.

KajI8ll statistik juga menunjukkan bahawa pesakit (16.7%) dan ibubapa mereka

(75.0%) berpuashati dengan hasil klinikal rawatan Idef yang lelah diberikan 0100 ahli pasukan klef

berdasarkan skor Profil EvaJuasi Klef. Namun, tempoh perjalanan yang melebihi satu jam setengah dan

kesukaran mendapalkan pengangkutan merupakan masalah untuk mendapatkan rawatan ldef.

Pooling untuk mangenalpasti kesan psikologi dan k1inikaJ serta masaJah psikologi dan

sosial di kalangan pesakit Idef Ielangit dan/atau bibir selta ibubapa mereka bagi memperbaiki

rehabilitasi serta kualili kehidupan mereka

(b) Senaraikan kala kund yang digunakan dalam abstrak:

Bahasa Malaysia Bahasa Inggerls

1. Kfef relangit dan I mau bibir Cleft lip and/or palate

2. Psikologi dan sosial Psychology and social

3. Kesan klinikal Clinical outcome

4. Profil Evaluasi KIef Cleft Evaluation Profile

5) Output dan Faedah Projek

(a) Penerbitan

Abstmk telah dihantaruotuk Kongress Pergigian Asia Pasifik ke 2J bagi

pembenlangan kertas (sedang menunggu konfirmasi urusetia)

(b) Faedah -faedah lain sepeJti perkembangan produk, prospek komersiatisasi dan

pendaftaran paten

Ttada

(e) Latihan Gunatenaga Manusia

TIada

6) Peralatan yang telah dibeli

TIada

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A1hamdulliUah. Praise to Allah the Almighty I managed to conduct and complete this

study and bring together all the facts collected into a book. This study is conducted as a partial

fulfillment for the degree ofMasterof Clinical Dentistry, Child Dental Health, University of Malaya.

I would not be able to make this study asuccess without the help from certain people

and with this column; I want to acknQwledge·them for helping me for nearly the Whole semester

beginning from June 2001 until the process of producing this book.

First and foremost, I want to express utmost gratitude to my su~or Associate

Professor Dr. Sabri Musa for guiding me to complete this study with dedication.

Special thanks to the support of the lecturers and staff in Center of Dental Sciences,

School of Dentistry, University Science Malaysia, Kubang Krian who toiled hard in the field work with

dedication. I record my appreciation to the following tor their co-operation withoot which this study could

not have been a success; Dean, Associate Professor Dr. Abdul Rani Samsudin, Associate Professor

Dr. N Kumaraswamy, Dr. Norehan Mokhtar, Encik Abdul Hakim bin Abdul Basir and Sister Nazlan

Awang.

I acknowledge financial support from the University Science Malaysia through the

research vote: Vote 21000, 23000, 27000 and 29000 without which this study could not have been

completed.

Special thanks to the support of the lecturers in the Department of Children's Dentistry

and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya for giving me the chance and leave from

clinical work to conduct my study in Kelantan and their guidance throughout the course is utmost

appreciated.

I would fike to express gratitude to Professor Jonathan R Sandy, Consullant Senior

Lecturer, Division of Ctuld Dental Health, University of Bristol Dental School for his courtesy and

pennission in using the evaluation form.

Heartfelt appmciation to Dr. Rachel Coxon, Senior Clinical Psychologist, Department of

Psychological Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide. Australia for providing the

booklet regarding ways ofcoping and s1Jategies for dealing with other people's reaction.

Special mention goes to Associate Professor Dr. Nasmdddin Jaafar, Department of

Preventive Dentistry, Facully of Dentistry, University of Malaya; Dr. Rafeah Ayat Khan, Consultant and

Orthodontic Specialist, Pasir Puteh Dental Clinic, Kelantan and Dr. Ahmad Burhanuddin, Consultant

and Orthodontic Specialist Kola Bham Dental Clinic and all of the cleft lip and palate children and their

parents who paIticipated in the survey for without them this study would be futile.

last but not least, the moral support from my family in pursuit ofmy goals; my husband

Ungku Mahadzir for his unconditional fave and patience; my daughter Ungku Malihah for being strong

b