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saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis macne
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
qimiis seria
CHEMICAL SERIES
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ISSN 0132 6074
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Volume 33 2
Jurnali daarsda 1975 wels
The Journal is founded in 1975
1975
weliwadSi 4 nomeri
4 numbers annually
4
Tbilisi TBILISI
2007
saredaqcio kolegiaA
T.andronikaSvili (redaqtori), T.aglaZe, i.baraTaSvili,
g.gvelesiani, i.ruJilo (poloneTi), e.qemerTeliZe, S.samsonia,
g.cincaZe (redaqtoris moadgile), g.ciciSvili, v.ciciSvili
(redaqtoris moadgile), k.jafariZe (redaqtoris moadgile),
j.jafariZe
pasuxismgebeli mdivani r.ciskariSvili
petre meliqiSvilis fizikuri da organuli qimiis instituti
0186 Tbilisi, jiqias q. # 5; tel. 54-15-68; el.fosta:
[email protected]
EDITORIAL BOARD
T.Andronikashvili (Editor), T.Agladze, I.Baratashvili,
G.Gvelesiani, K.Japaridze (Associate Editor), J.Japaridze,
E.Kemertelidze, Jan K.Rylo (Poland), Sh.Samsonia, G.Tsintsadze
(Associate Editor), G.Tsitsishvili, V.Tsitsishvili (Associate
Editor)
Executive Secretary R.Tsiskarishvili
Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic
Chemistry
5 Jikia str., Tbilisi 0186; tel.: 54-15-68; e-mail:
[email protected]
.. (), .., .., .., .., .. ( ), .., .. (), .., .. ( ), .., .. (
)
..
. ..
0186 , . 5; . 54-15-68; .: [email protected]
SinaarsiA
araorganuli qimia
T.Wyonia, i.CxaiZe,Yb.furcelaZe, e.SoSiaSvili, T.leJava.
organo-mineraluri sasuqis miReba potaSis meTodiT
137
T.Wyonia, b.furcelaZe, e.SoSiaSvili, T.maslencova, i.CxaiZe,
m.svaniZe. T.leJava. manganumis madnebidan da lamebidan manganumis
koncentratebis miReba NaCI da HNO gamoyenebiT
141
T.Wyonia, T.maslencova, b.furcelaZe, e.SoSiaSvili. ozonis
gamoyeneba kaliumis manganatis daJangvisaTvis
150
n.gigauri, m.rusia, x.kasraZe, n.fareSiSvili, r.gigauri.
tutemetalTa arsenatebidan (V) dariSxanmJavas miReba
155
eleqtroqimia
j.jafariZe, v.CageliSvili, z.xuciSvili, T.lolaZe.
tetraoqtilCanacvlebuli amoniumis kaTionebis adsorbcia liTon-xsnaris
sazRvarze
161
organuli qimia
m.SalamberiZe, z.kopaZe, n.lomTaZe. poliqroprenis webos latentur
gamamyarebelTan struqturirebis procesis kvleva
166
fizikuri qimia
T.marsagiSvili, g.tatiSvili. radiotalRuri diapazonis
eleqtromagnituri gamosxiveba heterogenul kondensirebul
sistemebSi
173
l.eprikaSvili, i.rubaSvili, T.korZaxia, n.fircxalava, m.Zagania.
air-Txevad-myarfazur qromatografiaSi adsorbciisa da gaxsnis wvlilis
ganawileba 5-11 alkanebis SekavebaSi
180
e.saluqvaZe, l.jafariZe, c.gabelia, l.kaSia, T.kvernaZe,
s.urotaZe. bunebrivi askangelis organofilizacia organul areebSi
188
c.gabelia, l.jafariZe, e.saluqvaZe, l.kaSia, n.osipova,
s.urotaZe. gamdidrebuli askangelis karbonizirebuli modifikaciebis
miReba maTi medicinaSi gamoyenebis mizniT
193
v.ciciSvili, s.urotaZe, n.osipova, T.kvernaZe. dinamikur
pirobebSi skolecitze mimdinare ionmimocvlis kinetikis
daxasiaTeba
198
a.kandelaki, j.baRdavaZe, l.ruxaZe. nikelis oqsidis spirtiT
(C2H5OH) aRdgenis Termodinamikuri analizi
204
nanoteqnologia
g.papava, n.doxturiSvili, n.maisuraZe, a.feiqriSvili,
n.gelaSvili, e.gavaSeliZe, q.ebraliZe. nanokristaluri aluminiT
plakirebuli boris miReba
208
g.papava, n.maisuraZe, n.doxturiSvili, a.feiqriSvili,
n.gelaSvili, e.gavaSeliZe, q.ebraliZe. qimiuri meTodiT
nanokristaluri volframis plakireba spilenZiT
211
maRalmolekulur naerTTa qimia
i.CitrekaSvili, z.molodinaSvili, g.papava, m.gurgeniSvili,
q.ebraliZe, n.xotenaSvili, z.TabukaSvili. polimeruli kompoziciebi
karbamid-formaldehiduri oligomerebisa da diatomitis safuZvelze
213
koordinaciul naerTTa qimia
m.Wabukiani, m.rusia, i.kartozia, x.kasraZe, r.gigauri.
d-metalTa monoselenoarsena-tebis (V) koordinaciuli naerTebis
sinTezi 2,2dipiridilTan
218
agraruli qimia
m.jafariZe, T.sxirtlaZe, T.WuWulaSvili, b.wereTeli.
RvinomasalebSi aminomJavaTa JangviTi dezaminirebis da cilaaldehidis
urTierTqmedebis procesis Seswavla
226
qimiuri teqnologia
m.bereJiani, T.dudauri, g.farcxalaZe. bio-wyalbadis gamoyeneba
dabaltemperaturul saTbobis elementebSi
231
d.WipaSvili, T.furcxvaniZe, g.WipaSvili, n.luarsabiSvili.
metastabiluri cveTamedegi da kavitaciamedegi austenituri 50X128 da
75X128PCmarkis foladebis Wris damuSavebis SesaZleblobebi
236
i.edilaSvili, n.xecuriani, i.TavdumaZe, g.SavguliZe. manavis
sabados #12 WaburRilis navTobis Seswavla
241
n.doliZe, m.daTuaSvili, l.lursmanaSvili, q.CirgaZe. xelovnuri
bewvis SeduRebiTi nakeris struqturuli cvlilebebis rentgenografiuli
gamokvleva
244
n.doliZe, m.daTuaSvili, l.lursmanaSvili, q.CirgaZe. polimeruli
masalebis ultrabgeriTi SeduRebis nakeris warmoqmnis meqanizmi
248
d.ramazaSvili, i.lorTqifaniZe, e.gozaliSvili, l.axvlediani,
m.miqaberiZe, l.TavaZe, g.miqaberiZe. molibdenis monokristalebis
eleqtroqimiuri qceva
251
n.lomTaZe, m.qarqaSaZe, m.SalamberiZe, z.kopaZe. organuli da
araorganuli adheziur-maaqtivebeli nivTierebebis gavlena
safexsacmele rezinebis adheziur Tvisebebze
254
n.lomTaZe, m.qarqaSaZe, m.SalamberiZe, z.kopaZe. adheziur da
koheziur simtkices Soris Tanafardobis gavlenis kvleva safexsacmele
rezinebis Sewebebis simtkiceze
258
l.wiklauri, v.sanna, c.sulaqveliZe, m.beniZe, e.javini,
p.jiunkedi, e.qemerteliZe. preparat tribusponinis tabletebis
pirdapiri dawnexvis teqnologiis damuSaveba
261
mecnierebis istoria
v.ciciSvili, j.ikoSvili, n.dolaberiZe, m.sulaZe. saqarTvelos
teritoriaze bunebrivi ceoliTebis geologiuri kvleva-Ziebis
istoria
266
informacia
270
informacia avtorebisaTvis
271
CONTENTS
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
T.Chkonia, I.Chkhaidze, B.Purtseladze, E.Shoshiashvili,
T.Lezhava. Preparation of Organo-Mineral Fertilizer by Potash
Method
137
T.Chkonia, B.Purtseladze, E.Shoshiashvili, T.Maslentsova,
I.Chkhaidze, M.Svanidze, T.Lezhava. Preparation of Manganese
Concentrates from Oxide Manganese Ores and Sludges Using NaCl and
HNO
141
T.Chkonia, T.Maslentsova, B.Purtseladze, E.Shoshiashvili. Use of
Ozone as an Oxidizer of Manganate Potassium
150
N.Gigauri, M.Rusia, Kh.Kasradze, N.Pareshishvili, R.Gigauri.
Synthesis of Arsenic Acid from Alkali Metal Arsenate
155
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
J.Japaridze, V.Chagelishvili, Z.Khutzishvili, T.Loladze.
Adsorption of Tetraoctyl Ammonia Cations on Metal-Solution Boundary
Surface
161
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
M.Shalamberidze, Z.Kopadze, N.Lomtadze. Study of Structurization
Process of Polychloroprene Glues with Latent Solidifier
166
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
T.Marsagishvili, G.Tatishvili. Electromagnetic Radiation of
Radio-Wave Band in Heterogeneous Systems
173
L.Eprikashvili, I.Rubashvili, T.Kordzakhia, N.Pirtskhalava,
M.Dzagania. Distribution of Contributions of Adsorbtion and
Dissolving to Retention of 5-11 Alkanes in Gas-Liquid-Solid-Phase
Chromatography
180
E.Salukvadze, L.Japaridze, Ts.Gabelia, L.Kashia, T.Kvernadze,
S.Urotadze. Organophillization Of Natural Askangel In Organic
Areas
188
E.Salukvadze, L.Japaridze, Ts.Gabelia, L.Kashia, N.Osipova,
S.Urotadze. Preparation of Carbonized Modifications of Enriched
Ascangel for Medical Application
193
V.Tsitsishvili, S.Urotadze, N.Osipova, T.Kvernadze.
Characterization of Ion Exchange Kinetics on Scolecite in Dynamic
Conditions
198
A.Kandelaki, J.Bagdavadze, L.Rukhadze. Thermodynamic Analysis of
NiO Reduction by Spirit (C2H5OH)
204
NANOTECHNOLOGY
G.Papava, N.Dokhturishvili, N.Maisuradze, A.Peikrishvili,
N.Gelashvili, E.Gavashelidze, K.Ebralidze. Preparation of Boron
Cladded by Nanocrystalline Aluminium
208
G.Papava, N.Maisuradze, N.Dokhturishvili, A.Peikrishvili,
N.Gelashvili, E.Gavashelidze, K.Ebralidze. Chemical Cladding Method
of Nanocrystalline Tungsten by Copper
211
CHEMISTRY OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
I.Chitrekashvili, Z.Molodinashvili, G.Papava, M.Gurgenishvili,
K.Ebralidze, N.Khotenashvili, Z.Tabukashvili. Polymer Compositions
on The Base of Carbamid-Formaldehyde Oligomeres and Diatomit
213
CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATIONAL COMPOUNDS
M.Chabukiani, M.Rusia, I.Kartozia, Kh.Kasradze, R.Gigauri.
Synthesis of Coordination Compounds of d-Metal
Monoselenoarsenate(V) with Dipyridile
218
AGRARIAN CHEMISTRY
M.Japaridze, T.Skhirtladze, T.Chuchulashvili, B.Tsereteli.
Exploration of Process of Oxidative Dezaminization of Amino Acids
and ProteinAldehyde Interactions in Wine
226
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
M.Berezhiani, T.Dudauri, G.Partskhaladze. Use of Biohydrogen in
Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
231
D.Chipashvili, T.Purtskvanidze, G.Chipashvili, N.Luarsabishvili.
Possibilities of Cutting Processes of Metastable Austentic Steels
of 50X12A8R and 75X12A8RC Marks
236
I.Edilashvili, N.Khetsuriani, I.Tavdumadze, G.Shavgulidze.
Studies of Oil from Oilfield Manavi Well No12
241
N.Dolidze, M.Datuashvili, L.Lursmanashvili, K.Chirgadze. X-Ray
Research of Structural Changes in Welded Seam of Artificial Fur
244
N.Dolidze, M.Datuashvili, L.Lursmanashvili, K.Chirgadze.
Mechanism of Formation of Welded Seam in Polymer Materials
248
D.Ramazashvili, I.Lordkipanidze, E.Gozalishvili, L.Akhvlediani,
M.Mikaberidze, L.Tavadze, G.Mikaberidze. Electrochemical Behavior
of Molybdenum Monocrystals
251
N.Lomtadze, M.Karkashadze, M.Shalamberidze, Z.Kopadze. Influence
of Organic And Inorganic Adhesive-Active Substances on Adhesive
Properties of Footwear Rubbers
254
N.Lomtadze, M.Karkashadze, M.Shalamberidze, Z.Kopadze. Influence
of Adhesive / Cohesive Durability Ratio on Pasting Durability of
Footwear Rubbers
258
L.Tsiklauri, V.Sanna, Ts.Sulakvelidze, M.Benidze, E.Gavini,
P.Giunchedi, E.Kemertelidze Development of Technology for Producing
Tribusponin Tablets by Direct Compression Method
261
HYSTORY OF SCIENCE
V.Tsitsishvili, Dj.Ikoshvili, N.Dolaberidze, M.Suladze. History
of Geological Discovery of Natural Zeolites in Georgia
266
INFORMATION
270
INFORMATION for AUTHORS
271
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141
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M., ., ., ., .. - (V) d- 2,2-
218
.., .., .., ...
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.., .., ... -
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.., .., .., ... M 12
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.., .., .., ... - -
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.., .., .., ... -
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.., .., .., .., .., .., ...
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270
271
araorganuli qimia
organo-mineraluri sasuqis miReba potaSis meTodiT
Tengiz Wyonia, izolda CxaiZe,Yboris furcelaZe, eTer SoSiaSvili,
Tamar leJava
rafiel aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis
instituti
torfi Seicavs yvela im elements, romelic saWiroa mcenaris
ganviTarebisaTvis, magram isini Znelad SesaTvisebel formaSia
guminis mJavebis saxiT. nebismieri adgilmdebareobis torfis
gamoyeneba damuSavebis gareSe ar iZleva sasurvel Sedegs.
torfSi organuli masis gaaqtiurebis mizniT jer kidev 30-ian
wlebSi dragunovis [1] mier SemoTavazebuli iyo torfis amiakiT
damuSaveba da SemdgomSi Warbi amiakis ganeitraleba fosformJaviT. am
pirobebSi torfSi arsebuli uxsnadi guminis mJavebi gadadian wyalSi
amoniumis gumatebis saxiT, romlebsac advilad iTviseben mcenareebi.
am meTodma Tavis droze ver miiRo praqtikuli gamoyeneba mcenareTa
kvebaSi guminis mJavas rolis arcodnis gamo. miRebuli sasuqebi
icdeboda, rogorc mcenareTa kvebis mineraluri wyaro.
mcenareebSi guminis mJavas fiziologiuri roli axsna qristevas
mier SemuSavebulma Teoriam [2], romlis Tanaxmadac guminis mJavebi
e.w. ionodispersul mdgomareobaSi SeiZleba aTvisebul iyos mcenaris
fesvTa sistemis mier. garda amisa, dadgenil iqna, rom guminis
mJavas koncentracia ar unda aRematebodes 0,001-0,002%, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi Warbi raodenobiT gamoyeneba damRupvelad moqmedebs
mcenareebze.
qristeva [3] miiCnevs, rom guminis mJavebi miuxedavad maTi
sxvadasxva warmoSobisa, amJRavneben erTnair fiziologiur efeqts, rac
uSualo kavSirSia maTi molekulebis qimiur aRnagobasTan.
eqsperimentuli gamokvlevebis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebiT
pivovarovi [4] mivida im daskvnamde, rom torfSi arsebuli guminis
mJavebi Tavisi qimiuri SedgenilobiT amJRavneben msgavsebas niadagSi
arsebul organul nivTierebebTan da SeiZleba guminis mJavebis
gamoyeneba CaiTvalos iseve aucileblad, rogorc niadagSi mineraluri
sasuqebis Setana.
maRalefeqturi organo-mineraluri sasuqis warmoebisas saWiroa
gamosaval nedleuls, kerZod torfs, gaaCndes garkveuli
fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebi. teqnikuri pirobebis Tanaxmad, gamosavali
torfi, romelic damuSavebas eqvemdebareba unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg
moTxovnebs: daSlis xarisxi ar unda iyos 20%-ze naklebi, nacrianoba
ar unda aRematebodes 35%-s. STanTqmiTi unari amiakis mimarT
aranakleb 0,5%, sineste ara umetes 50-60%-isa.
cxrilSi 1 motanilia sxvadasxva adgilmdebareobisa da siRrmeebis
torfis qimiuri analizi.
cxrilidan 1 Cans, rom torfis yvela saxeoba vargisia
organo-mineraluri sasuqis dasamzadeblad, vinaidan akmayofilebs
teqnikuri pirobebis moTxovnebs.
cxrilSi 2 motanilia daumuSavebel torfSi azotisa da fosforis
saerTo da adviladhidrolizebadi elementebis Semcveloba.
cxrili 1. sxvadasxva adgilmdebareobis torfis qimiuri analizi
adgilmdebareobis
dasaxeleba
torfis
aRebis
siRrme,
m
sineste,
%
nacrianoba,
%
daSlis
xarisxi,
%
pH
qobuleTi
0,5
1,0
1,5
86,5
90,2
90,7
18,1
12,7
13,7
40,0
40,5
41,5
5,3-5,5
5,5-5,8
5,5-5,6
zugdidi
0,5
1,0
1,5
81,3
83,6
83,7
15,2
13,3
12,1
45,2
46,0
46,7
5,0-5,3
5,5-5,7
5,5-5,6
foTi (malTayva)
0,5
1,0
1,5
87,1
91,0
90,7
15,2
12,6
11,9
35,9
36,5
38,0
5,2-5,4
5,0-5,2
5.5-5,8
cxrili 2. daumuSavebel torfSi ZiriTadi elementebis qimiuri
analizi
Semcveloba,%
QqobuleTi
zugdidi
foTi (malTayva)
SeniSvna
saerTo azoti
1,45
1,52
1,45
gadaTvlilia
absoluturad mSral nivTierebaze
adviladhidrolizebadi azoti
0,14
0,07
0,17
saerTo fosfori
0,182
0,209
0,182
adviladhidrolizebadi
fosfori
0,011
0,027
0,012
cxrilidan 1 Cans, rom torfis yvela saxeoba vargisia
organo-mineraluri sasuqis dasamzadeblad, vinaidan akmayofilebs
teqnikuri pirobebis moTxovnebs.
torfis damuSavebis gavrcelebuli meTodebidan, rodesac xdeba
uxsnadi guminis mJavis gadayvana xsnad, mcenarisaTvis advilad
SesaTvisebel gumatebSi, aRsaniSnavia torfis amiakis wyalxsnariTa da
tuteebiT damuSaveba. orive meTodi xasiaTdeba uaryofiTi TvisebebiT.
kerZod, amiakis wyalxsnariT torfis damuSavebisas azotis
mniSvnelovani nawili ukvalod ikargeba. damuSavebisa da Senaxvis
procesSi gamoyofili Tavisufali amiaki wamlavs atmosferos, ris gamoc
iqmneba mZime samuSao pirobebi.
rac Seexeba tuteebiT damuSavebas, aq praqtikulad Znelad
gansaxorcielebelia moreagire komponentebis idealuri Sereva, ris
safuZvelzec rCeba Tavisufali tute,romelic damRupvelad moqmedebs
mcenaris fesvTa sistemaze.
axali saxis organo-mineraluri sasuqis miRebis mizniT Cvens mier
gamoyenebul iqna potaSis xsnari, romelsac uxsnadi guminis mJavebi
gadahyavs ra xsnad gumatebSi,amave dros sasuqs ar axasiaTebs zemoT
CamoTvlili uaryofiTi Tvisebebi.
torfSi arsebuli guminis mJavebis potaSiT xsnad gumatebSi
gadayvanis qimizmi SeiZleba gamovsaxoT Semdegi reaqciiT:
2R(COOH)n+nK2CO3 ---------( 2R(COOK)n+nCO2+ nH2O (1)
vinaidan torfis organul masaSi Semavali uxsnadi guminis mJavebis
gadayvana xsnad gumatebSi mimdinareobs erTvalentian kaTionTa
Tanaobisas, torfis dasaxasiaTeblad mniSvnelovania masSi amiakis
STanTqmis unaris gansazRvra, romlis safuZvelzec xdeba nebismieri
kaTionSemcveli nivTierebebis eqvivalenturi raodenobis gamoTvla.
organo-mineraluri sasuqis dasamzadeblad aRebuli iyo
dasawyobebuli foTis frezirebuli torfi, romelSic sineste 50%;
amiakis STanTqmis unari 1,75% (gaTvlili absoluturad mSral
nivTierebaze); nivTierebaTa Semcveloba (%): guminis mJava 16,8;NN
O,51; P2O5 0,75; K2CO3 0,26.
torfs emateba potaSi 20%-iani xsnaris saxiT. potaSis odenoba
dgindeba torfis mier potaSis STanTqmis unariT P(K2CO3), romlis
gaangariSeba xdeba (2) fomuliT:
P(K2CO3) = [(%NH3) x M(K2CO3)]:[M(NH3) x 2] (2) .
Cvens SemTxvevaSi potaSis raodenoba 100 kg absoluturad mSral
torfze formulis (2) Tanaxmad Seadgens:
P(K2CO3) = (1,75 x 138):(17 x 2)=7,1 kg.
amrigad, 1 tona absoluturad mSral torfze potaSis raodenoba
Seadgens 71 kg-s. vinaidan dasamuSavebeli torfis sineste 50%-ia, 1
tona torfi saWiroebs 35,5 kg potaSs. moreagire komponentebis kargad
arevis Semdeg, miRebuli masa grovdeba zvinad da damwifebis mizniT
yovndeba 8 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi. Semdeg emateba 40 kg amoniumis
gvarjila da 70 kg superfosfati. xelaxali arevis Semdeg igi kvlav
yovndeba 8 dRe-Rame.
Cveni teqnologiis safuZvelze rusTavis s.g. azotSi sacdel
danadgarze miRebul iqna 10 tona organo-mineraluri sasuqi potaSis
meTodiT. miRebul sasuqSi sakvebi elementebis Semcveloba Seadgens
(%): xsnadi gumatebi 8,8; N 1,73; P2O5 1,53; K2O 1,65; pH are 7,2.
misi efeqturobis dadgenis mizniT organo-mineraluri sasuqi gamocdili
iyo, rogorc soflis meurneobis kulturebze, aseve samkurnalo
mcenareebze qobuleTis samecniero sakvlev institutSi, Tambaqoze _
lagodexSi.
dadgenilia, rom mosavlis saSualo namatma arsebuli mineraluri
sasuqebis (NPK) fonze Seadgina (%): simindze 7,7; sazamTroze 15,4;
yurZenze 15,2; Tambaqoze 15,6; Tirkmelebis Caize 6,4; vardisfer
katarantusze 6,7; gluv stefaniaze 5,4.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sakontrolo da sacdel farTobebze
Setanili mineraluri sakvebi elementebis raodenoba Tanabari iyo,
unda vifiqroT, rom mosavlis namati ganpirobebulia sasuqSi arsebuli
xsnadi gumatis dadebiTi gavleniT.
miRebuli sasuqis upiratesoba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom torfis
potaSiT damuSavebisas ar xdeba garemos dabinZureba da sasuqis
damuSavebisa da Senaxvis pirobebSi ar iqmneba mZime samuSao
pirobebi.
literatura REFERENCES
1. . .. - . ,. 127, , 1936, c. 7-17.
2. .. . , .38. , 1951, c. 108-180.
3. .. . .: , . : . , 1957, . 95-108.
4. .. . .: , , . . : . . , 1962, . 101-118.
PREPARATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER BY POTASH METHOD
Tengiz Chkonia, Izolda Chkhaidze, Boris Purtseladze, Etheri
Shoshiashvili, Thamar Lezhava
Rafiel Agladze Insitute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Electrochemistry
SUMMARY
New technology of preparation of organo-mineral fertilizeres by
potash method is offered. After processing of peat with potash, in
peat insoluble gumine acids pass in soluble gummates easy absorded
by plants, resulting in high efficiency of the fertilizer.
-
.., .., ., .., ..
. .
- . , , , .
NaCl HNO3
.., .., .., .., .., .., ..
. ..
, , , .. , .
, (1,2(, (3(, : , 300-350( 3-5 . Mn4+ Mn2+ . , , .
, (4(, () .
:
MnO2+4HNO3+2NaCl(Mn(NO3)2+2NaNO3+
2
Cl
+2H2O , (1)
MnO2+4HNO3+4NaCl(MnCl2+
2
Cl
+4NaNO3+2H2O , (2)
2MnO2+6HNO3+4NaCl(MnCl2+Mn(NO3)2+4NaNO3+
2
2
2
O
HCl
HOCL
+
+2H2O . (3)
,
, (NaCl, HNO3) , .
, .
1.
-0,25. HNO3 , NaCl .
. 1.
,
%
MnO2
Mn
MnO
SiO2
R2O3
CaO
MgO
SO3
P2O5
1
2
3
-1+0,5
-0,5
-0,25
53,5
50,89
47,03
37,71
35,44
33,2
4,55
4,91
4,64
20,1
21,09
21,34
6,15
7,05
7,27
1,21
1,14
1,14
0,23
0,51
0,16
0,95
0,27
0,6
0,45
0,25
0,32
, 100 HNO3 156,7 NaCl 63,3 .
45-48%- HNO3 NaCl. 80-90(.
. 1 -0,25 .
.1. -0,25 .
: 1
2 120% HNO3 120% NaCl
3 120% HNO3 130% NaCl
4 130% HNO3 120% NaCl
, HNO3 NaCl 1 (65%, 2- - (70%.
HNO3 NaCl 20-30% 30 86-95%, 1 90-97%.
, , HNO3 30%, NaCl 20%- .
2 .
80-90( HNO3 30%, NaCl 20%.
. 2.
; , -0,25 30 92%, -3+2 54%.
2 , 3 .
. 2. II
,
%
MnO2
Mn
MnO
SiO2
R2O3
CaO
MgO
SO3
P2O5
1
2
3
4
-5+3
-3+2
-2+1
-1
32,05
38,9
42,04
45,4
38,1
40,72
41,94
4,13
23,24
21,07
20,1
14,98
12,84
13,85
15,86
15,53
3,22
2,1
3,22
3,08
3,43
4,18
9,29
6,0
0,59
0,63
0,44
0,27
0,63
0,65
0,60
0,58
0,46
0,29
0,44
0,34
80-90( HNO3 NaCl 130 120% .
, -5+3 -3+2 1 80%, -1 92%, 90 .
, .
, , .
, .
. 3. II
3 ( 1, 2, 3) .
. 3.
,
Mn
N.
Cl
Na
I
II
III
14,68
14,68
14,68
14,83
14,86
11,13
18,41
36,78
18,41
11,94
23,86
11,94
Mn
N
Cl
Na
%
%
%
%
I
II
III
13,0514,65
10,72
88,9
99,8
73,4
14,18
14,09
10,72
95,3
94,7
96,8
2,21
21,13
5,85
12,0
57,4
31,7
11,85
23,8
11,0
99,2
100
99,9
N
Cl
%
%
I
II
III
0,7
0,79
0,35
4,71
5,31
3,14
16,2
15,65
12,56
88,0
42,55
68,3
, 88,9%, 99,8%, 73,4%. , , , -, NaNO3, (40-42% MnCl2.
, , NO2.
3, 3,14% III , 5,31% II . I 88,0%, II 42,55%.
, I, II III , 120(, . 4.
. 4. , 120(
, %
NaNO3
Mn
Cl
H2O
I
II
III
97,92
89,8
91,06
0,25
0,14
0,33
0,115
0,55
0,28
1,71
9,51
8,33
, NaNO3, - .
5 , I, II III .
. 5. , I, II III
,
Mn
N.
Cl
Na
I
II
III
10,63
11,35
9,24
5,54
1,83
5,33
1,55
15,74
4,59
0,888
3,38
3,56
, Mn(NO3)2, II III .
70 ; 20 ; 550 ; 90%; Mn 79,66 /; 4,2 ; .
4 .
. 4.
, 300 167 /2 43,2 Mn(NO3)2 2; 400 204 /2 52,8 Mn(NO3)2 2; 500
343 2 88,7 Mn(NO3)2 2.
5 , pH 4,5 .
. 5. pH 4,5
: Mn 59,32 /. 400 134 /2 7,9 Mn 25 Mn(NO3)2 2, 500 149 /2 28,7
Mn(NO3)2.
; , , , , , .
pH 3,5-4 , .
:
) .
Fe(NO3)3+3NH4OH(
3
)
(
OH
Fe
+3NH4NO3
Al(NO3)3+3NH4OH(
3
)
(
OH
Al
+3NH4NO3
Fe(OH)3+H3PO4(FePO4+3H2O
)
2Fe(NO3)3+3Ca(OH)2(3Ca(NO3)2+
3
)
(
2
OH
Fe
2Al(NO3)3+3Ca(OH)2(3Ca(NO3)2+
3
)
(
2
OH
Al
H3PO4+Fe(OH)3(3H2O
)
2Fe(NO3)3+3Na2CO3+3H2O(
3
)
(
2
OH
Fe
+6NaNO3+3
2
CO
, , pH 3,5-4 .
, , Mn(NO3)2 170-200(, NaNO3 380-450(. 250-300( :
Mn(NO3)2
-
300
250
MnO2+2NO2.
NO2 . , .
, :
Mn(NO3)2+Ca(OH)2(
2
)
(
OH
Mn
+Ca(NO3)2 ,
:
Mn(NO3)2+(NH4)2CO3(
3
MnCO
+2NH4NO3 .
6 , 7 .
. 6.
, %
Mn.
CaO + MgO
Fe2O3
Al2O3
P2O5
1
, Mn(NO3)2 200(
60,13
0,53
.
.
2
pH 8-10 800(
55,4
3,41
.
.
.
3
Mn(NO3)2 (NH4)2CO3 800(
50,1
20,5
.
.
.
. 7.
, /
Mn(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
NaNO3
NaCl
NH4NO3
1
200(
621,1
48,16
144,22
34,45
_
2
Mn Ca(OH)2
747,56
5,35
_
49,39
_
3
Mn (NH4)2CO3
0,15
6,18
27,95
33,63
86,18
642,53
, %
Ca(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
NaNO3
NaCl
NH4NO3
1
200(
73,32
5,67
17,00
4,00
_
2
Mn Ca(OH)2
88,22
5,94
_
5,83
_
3
Mn (NH4)2CO3
0,77
3,51
4,22
10,82
80,67
, , , , , , . , , .
literatura REFERENCES
1. Ravitz S. . 2747965, 25.05.1956.
2. .., .. . .: . : - , 1970.
3. . . 3106451, 8.10.1963.
4. .., .. . . 429638, 11.7.1972.
manganumis madnebidan da lamebidan manganumis koncentratebis
miReba NaCI da HNO gamoyenebiT
Tengiz Wyonia, boris furcelaZe, eTer SoSiaSvili, Tamar
maslencova, izolda CxaiZe, m.svaniZe, Tamar leJava
rafiel aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis
instituti
reziume
warmodgenilia sufris marilisa da azotmJavas gamoyenebiT oqsiduri
madnebisa da lamebis gamdidrebis gamokvlevebis Sedegebi.
dadgenilia, rom madnidan manganumis gamotutva oTaxis temperaturaze
mimdinareobs neli tempiT, maSin, rodesac ~90oze es procesi
praqtikulad mTavrdeba 20-30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. manganumis
maqsimaluri gamotutvisaTvis saWiroa aRebul iqnas HNO-isa da NaCI-is
Warbi raodenoba, madanSi arsebul xsnad komponentebTan
SefardebiT.
PREPARATION OF MANGANESE CONCENTRATES FROM OXIDE MANGANESE ORES
AND SLUDGES USING NaCl AND HNO
Tengiz Chkonia, Boris Purtseladze, Eter Shoshiashvili, Tamar
Maslentsova, Izolda Chkhaidze, M.Svanidze, Thamar Lezhava
Rafiel Agladze Insitute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Electrochemistry
SUMMARY
The results of an investigation of oxide manganese ores and
sludge concentration with sodium chloride and nitric acid are
presented. It has been shown that leaching of manganese from ore by
HNO3 and NaCl at room temperature proceeded slowly; at ~90o this
process was finished in 20-30 minutes practically. Fos the greatest
extraction of manganese it is necessary to take an excess of NaCl
and HNO3 in respect to the soluble ore components.
.., .., .., ..
. ..
. , K2MnO4 K2MnO4 KOH, .
, . .
[1], , . , [2]. , =(1.750.005).102.-1/-1, =(0.450.002).102.-1/
-1. , . :
2K2MnO4+O3+H2O(
4
2
KMnO
+2KOH+O2 (1)
K2MnO4-KMnO4-KOH-H2O, - KOH :
2KMnO4+2KOH(2K2MnO4+H2O+1/2O2 .
, KOH K2MnO4(KMnO4 [3].
.
, , . :
4K2MnO4+O3+H2O(
4
4
2
2
KMnO
MnO
K
+2KOH+O2
2 , (1).
K2MnO4 , .
, /: K2MnO4 172,5; KMnO4 22,7; KOH 42,2; K2CO3 9,3.
1.
1. K2MnO4
.
, /
Q
O3/
O3,
O3,
O3 K2MnO4
O3,
O3,
K2MnO4
KMnO4
KOH
1
0
172,5
22,7
42,2
11,92
0,32.
2
5
138,5
28,5
57,8
11,92
0,993
0,0284
0,936
0,964
94,3
3
10
89,8
23,5
68,3
11,92
1,986
0,0615
1,895
1,856
95,4
O3 /O2 168 /
4
20
70,0
33,5
80,1
12,49
4,16
0,80
4,020
4,200
96,6
6,8
5
30
43,0
23,1
88,4
12,76
6,38
0,328
5,060
5,358
79,4
6
51
0,0
22,3
100,6
12,76
10,68
1,704
6,730
8,436
62,02
95-96%. K2MnO4 62%. K2MnO4 KMnO4. , K2MnO4 KMnO4 .
.
0,4 , - 350 /, 4 . K2MnO4 , 200-220 /, KOH 76,8-250 /. , K2MnO4
KMnO4. 2.
2. K2MnO4
.
, /
, .
Q
O3/
O3,
K2MnO4
KMnO4
KOH
1
221,2
6,4
76,8
80
7,52
10,03
2
198,6
1,5
146,1
75
7,04
8,80
3
198,6
1,5
227,0
80
7,46
9,61
4
198,6
1,5
250,0
75
7,52
9,40
.
, /
,
,
, 2
KMnO4:K2MnO4
K2MnO4
KMnO4
KOH
K2MnO4
KMnO4
Mn
1
25,3
16,4
136,0
380
83,6
9,43
71,3
24,8
9,5 : 1
2
39,4
11,0
202,7
330
71,4
11,8
65,5
28,3
6,9 : 1
3
3,94
13,3
262,1
370
74,5
23,6
59,2
27,2
3,1 : 1
4
25,6
3,6
268,0
380
89,0
43,4
33,2
22,4
1 : 1
, , K2MnO4 220 /; KOH 76,8 /, KMnO4. KOH KMnO4 , , /: K2MnO4
198,6; KOH 250, KMnO4(K2MnO4.
. , -. , . 5%- KOH 290 KMnO4 85%. 85%. 3.
3. KMnO4
.
, .
, /
Q
O3/
O3,
O3,
K2MnO4,
3
O3, %
K2MnO4
KMnO4
KOH
0
135,5
25,2
44,1
20,1
3
03/02
1 3
10,8
1
20
117,3
25,3
49,2
20,1
6,7
0,0
54,6
6,66
100,0
2
40
98,8
25,2
54,9
20,1
13,4
0,0
110,1
13,43
100,0
3
60
80,5
20,1
59,8
20,1
20,1
0,0
165,0
20,13
100,0
4
120
23,3
24,0
75,0
20,1
40,2
0,55
311,7
39,6
98,6
5
140
6,1
21,2
80,5
20,1
46,1
2,56
362,3
44,2
94,2
(4) 2,9
(5) 2,8
. 60 -121. K2MnO4, , /: K2MnO4 199,5; KOH 85,0.
:
- 20 3/.
17 O3/
340 O3/.
3,6 .
. 1. 100 566,7 O3.
3733 85% KMnO4. KMnO4 3733 x 0,85x 48 : 316 = 482 O3.
85,2%.
, KMnO4 K2MnO4, 156 / KOH, K2MnO4 200 /.
.
1. KMnO4
literatura REFERENCES
1. T., .., ., .., .. K2MnO4 , , .31, 3-4, 2005.
2. DBR 118232, 1900.
3. .., .., .. - K2MnO4-KMnO4--2. . . . . 1, , 1975, . 85-88.
ozonis gamoyeneba kaliumis manganatis daJangvisaTvis
Tengiz Wyonia, Tamar maslencova, boris furcelaZe, eTer
SoSiaSvili
rafiel aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis
instituti
reziume
SemoTavazebulia manganatis permanganatSi ozoniT daJangvis xerxi.
Seswavlilia K2MnO4-is daJangva tute xsnarebSi da dadgenilia K2MnO4
da KOH koncentraciebis zRvrebi, romlebic saSualebas iZleva Tavidan
aviciloT ormagi marilebis miReba.
USE OF OZONE AS AN OXIDIZER OF MANGANATE POTASSIUM
Tengiz Chkonia, Tamara Maslentsova, Boris Purtseladze, Eter
Shoshiashvili
Rafiel Agladze Insitute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Electrochemistry
SUMMARY
The way of the oxidation of manganate in permanganate by ozone
is offered. The processes occuring at oxidation K2MnO4 in an
alkaline solution are investigated and limits of concentrations of
K2MnO4 and KOH, allowing to avoide the formations of double salt
are established.
araorganuli qimia
tutemetalTa arsenatebidan (V) dariSxanmJavas miReba
naira gigauri, maia rusia, xaTuna kasraZe, nino fareSiSvili,
roman gigauri
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti
dariSxanmJavas miRebas Sesabamisi anhidridis wyalSi gaxsniT
praqtikuli Rirebuleba ara aqvs,
3H2O + As2O5 2H2AsO4
radgan dariSxanis pentaoqsids, rogorc wesi, TviT dariSxanmJavas
dehidrataciiT Rebuloben [1]. amitom, praqtikulad (rogorc
laboratoriaSi, ise teqnikaSi) dariSxanmJavas awarmoeben, umTavresad
TeTri dariSxanis daJangviT. imis mixedviT, Tu ra damJangavia
gamoyenebuli, an rogor aRweven dasaxul mizans, dariSxanmJavas
sinTezis yvela xerxi SeiZleba daiyos sam jgufad:
1. dariSxanisa da misi (III) naerTebis peroqsiduri daJangva;
2. katalizuri daJangva haeris JangbadiT an halogenebiT
(Cl2);
3. TeTri dariSxanis eleqtrolituri daJangva.
dariSxanis(III) oqsidis hidroqimiuri daJangva koncentrirebuli
azotmJaviT qimiurad sufTa dariSxanmJavas miRebis erT-erTi uZvelesi
xerxia [2-5]. reaqcia gamoixateba tolobiT:
As2O3 + 2HNO3 + 2H2O 2H3AsO4 + NO2 + NO .
radgan es xerxi aucileblad dakavSirebulia azotis oqsidebis
gamoyofasTan, xolo es ukanasknelni Zireulad auareseben garemomcveli
bunebis ekologiur mdgomareobas, sawarmoo aRiareba hpova
dariSxanmJavas sinTezis SedarebiT axalma xerxma, sadac TeTri
dariSxanis damJangavad gvevlineba sxvadasxva koncentraciis
wyalbadis peroqsidi [6-7]:
As2O3 + 2H2O2 + H2O 2H3AsO4.
damJangavs, rogorc wesi, sareaqciod iReben 20-40%-iT mets
TeoriulTan SedarebiT, xolo procesis warmarTvisTvis optimalur
pirobas reaqciis 60-700C-ze Catareba warmoadgens.
Tumca dasaxelebuli teqnologiebiT sasurveli Sedegi miiRweva,
magram dariSxanmJavas praqtikuli miRebis es xerxebi erTgvarad mainc
SezRudulia, radgan gamosaval masalad gamoiyeneba iseTi naerTi,
romelic minarevis saxiT mcire raodenobiTac ki ar Seicavs sxva
elementebs, aramcTu qimiuri naerTis saxiT. rogorc yvela Jangbadiani
mJava, dariSxanmJavac SeiZleba miRebul iqnas arsenatebze(V) sxva
romelime Zlieri mJavas moqmedebiT, magram am xerxiTac TiTqmis
SeuZlebelia qimiurad sufTa miznobrivi produqtis gamoyofa.
magaliTad, gamosavali arsenatis(V) gogirdmJaviT damuSavebisas,
garda dariSxanmJavisa, adgili aqvs xsnadi sulfatebis warmoqmnasac,
romelTa dacileba miznobrivi produqtisgan did preparatorul-teqnikur
siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli, xolo zogjer SeuZlebelic.
Catarebuli samuSaos mizani iyo dagvemuSavebina dariSxanmJavas
miRebis axali xerxi tutemetalTa arsenatebis(V) safuZvelze. Ees
saWirod vcaniT imitom, rom warmoebaSi, xsenebuli arsenatebis
mniSvnelovani nawili gamokristalebis Semdeg, rCeba deda-xsnarSi da
Camdinare wylebSi moxvedrisas xdeba ZiriTadi mizezi garemos
gabinZurebisa toqsikuri naerTebiT.
dariSxanSemcvel gamosaval masalad gamoviyeneT natriumis dihidro-
da hidroarsenatebis kristalohidratebi SedgenilobiT: NaH2AsO4H2O da
Na2HAsO4 7H2O (cnobilia Na2HasO412H2O Sedgenilobis
hidroarsenatebic). wyalxsarebSi aRniSnuli arsenatebi Sedian
reaqciaSi gogirdmJavasTan Tanaxmad tolobisa:
NaH2AsO4 + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + H3AsO4
Na2HAsO4 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H3AsO4 .
rogorc vxedavT, orive SemTxvevaSi reaqciis ZiriTad produqts
dariSxanmJava warmoadgens, xolo meore produqtad aseve xsnadi
marilebi miiReba.
ori aTeuli wlis winaT [6-9] yazanis qimikosTa skolis mier
naCvenebi iyo, rom garkveul pirobebSi dariSxanmJava ganicdis
eTerifikacias erTatomiani alifaturi spirtebiT, ris Sedegadac
simetriuli trialkilarsenitebi miiReba:
H3AsO4 + 3ROH (RO)3AsO + 3H2O Q .
es reaqcia, iseve rogorc zogadad eTerifikacia, Seqcevadi
procesia. wonasworoba rom gadaswion marjvniv da amiT dariSxanmJavas
eTeris gamosavlianoba gazardon, sareaqciod spirts iReben 30-50%-iT
mets TeoriulTan SedarebiT, xolo reaqcias atareben dina-starkis
damWerian reaqtorSi, raTa maqsimalurad mocilebul iqnas reaqciis
meore produqti- wyali, azeotropuli Srobis meTodiT. Tu yovelive amas
mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, advilad davrwmundebiT, rom dabali rigis
erTatomiani spirtebi sasurvel Sedegs ar gamoiRebs, radgan ROH,
sadac RPr, ganusazRvreli raodenobiT ixsneba wyalSi, amitom maTi
gancalkeveba azeotropuli Srobis meTodiT SeuZlebelia. meores mxriv,
erTatomiani spirtebis pirveli warmomadgenlebi SedarebiT dabal
temperaturaze iwyeben duRils, amitom arc es faqtoria xelsayreli, -
wonasworobis damyarebas didi dro esaWiroeba.
zemonaTqvamidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad vcaniT dasaxuli
miznis misaRwevad winaswar dagvemuSavebina gamosavali natriumis
mJava arsenatebi(V) eqvivalenturi raodenoba gogirdmJaviT, xolo
miRebuli produqtebi, qimiurad sufTa mdgomareobaSi gamoyofis gareSe,
dagvemuSavebina maRali rigis erTatomiani spirtebiT.
mravali eqsperimentis safuZvelze gamoirkva, rom Tu gamosaval
dariSxanmJava natriumis marilebis wyalxsnarebs gogirdmJavas
davamatebT iseTi raodenobiT, rom kolbis SigTavsis pH aRmoCndes
~3-is farglebSi (indikatori universaluri qaRaldi), aseTnairad
miRebuli dariSxanmJava TiTqmis raodenobrivad gamoiwvlileba maRali
rigis erTatomiani spirtebiT (RAu), Tu gamxsnelad aRebul da reaqciis
Sedegad gamoyofil wyals maqsimalurad movacilebT azeotropuli Srobis
meTodiT. maSasadame, mizani miiRweva Tanaxmad Semdegi Sejamebuli
reaqciebisa:
NaH2AsO4 + H2SO4 + 3ROH (RO)3AsO + NaHSO4 + 3H2O
Na2HAsO4 + H2SO4 + 3ROH (RO)3AsO + Na2SO4 + 3H2O
sadac R = C5H11, izo-C5H11 an C6H13.
rogorc aRvniSneT, TiToeuli es reaqcia warmoadgens ramdenime
Tanmimdevrul (da paralelur) reaqciaTa Sejamebul saxes, sadac erTi
an ramdenime sakrebi, gamoricxuli ar aris iyos Seqcevadi procesi.
Mmagram motanili Sejamebuli reaqciebi, maTgan gansxvavebiT, mxolod
calmxriv mimarTuli procesebia, radgan sulfatisagan dariSxanmJavas
rTuli eTeris moqmedebiT gogirdmJavas miReba gaTvlebsac ki ar
eqvemdebareba, aramcTu praqtikulad SesaZlebel reaqcias.
cxrilSi 1 motanilia gamosaval nivTierebaTa raodenoba, xsnaris pH
da dariSxanmJavas gamowvlilvis xarisxi (%-Si). imis gamo, rom
gamxsnelis (H2O) raodenoba winaswar SezRudulia (gamosaval masalad
gamoiyeneba mxolod najeri xsnari, rom gamxsnelis mocilebas didi dro
da, maSasadame, energo-danaxarjebi ar dasWirdes), xolo momatebuli
gogirdmJavas raodenoba mxolod xsnaris pH-iT ganisazRvreba, am
ukanasknelisa da wylis raodenobis dafiqsireba cdebsa da Sesatyvis
cxrilSi saWirod ar vcaniT. dina-starkis graduirebuli damWeri rom
spirtiT Sevsebuliyo da agreTve maqsimalurad mogvexdina reaqciis
Sualeduri produqtis dariSxanmJavas gamowvlilva, eqstragenti (ROH)
realurad aRebuli iyo 2-3-jer meti raodenobiT TeoriulTan SedarebiT.
cxrilis 1 monacemebidan irkveva, rom miRebul spirtul eqstraqtebSi
dariSxanis masuri wili meryeobs 11-14%-is farglebSi. es yovelive
cxadia, damokidebulia eqstragentad aRebuli spirtis raodenobaze,
magram igive cxrili calsaxad adasturebs, rom dariSxanis (realurad-
dariSxanmJavas) gamowvlilvis xarisxi ar aris damokidebuli spirtis
raobaze da arc aRnagobaze, - yvela SemTxvevaSi, Tu sareaqciod
aRebulia amilisa da heqsilis spirtebi, gamowvlilvis xarisxi icvleba
92-96%-is intervalSi, Tu sawyisi xsnaris pH3, xolo spirti
sareaqciod aRebuli iqneba 2-3-jer meti raodenobiT TeoriulTan
SedarebiT.
cxrili 1. gamosaval nivTierebaTa raodenoba da dariSxanis
gamowvlilvis xarisxi
#
sareaqciod aRebulia
pH
miRebuli spirtuli
(ROH) eqstraqti
Aarsenati(V)
ROH
formula
Gg
moli
R
g
moli
Gg
As-is
Semc.,
%
gamo
xar.
%
1
2
3
4
5
NaH2AsO4H2O
9,51
0,052
C5H11
33,5
0,381
3
27,6
13,20
93,0
10,08
0,055
izo-C5H11
36,9
0,419
2
30,0
12,87
92,8
17,70
0,097
C6H13
60,7
0,595
2
58,5
11,98
96,1
Na2HasO47H2O
15,13
0,048
C5H11
31,0
0,352
3
26,3
13,08
94,7
16,81
0,054
izo-C5H11
29,4
0,334
3
27,9
13,58
93,9
vinaidan dariSxanmJavas da maRali rigis erTatomiani spirtebis
urTierTqmedebis produqtebs Sesabamisi simetriuli
trialkil-arsenatebi warmoadgens [5], unda movelodeT, rom
azeotropuli Srobis meTodiT miRebul spirtul eqstraqtebSi dariSxani
usaTuod unda imyofebodes dariSxanmJavas rTuli eTerebis saxiT. isic
kargad aris cnobili [9], rom rTuli eTerebis erT-erT damaxasiaTebel
Tvisebas hidrolizi warmoadgens. masTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
hidrolizs, rogorc wesi, xels uwyobs wyalbad- da hidroqsidionTa
Tanamyofoba xsnarSi. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, Tu gvinda gamosavali
eTeris wyliT sruli daSla, hidrolizi unda warvmarTod sareaqcio
masisadmi mJavis an tutis garkveuli raodenobis damatebiT. Tu am
faqts gaviTvaliswinebT da mxedvelobaSi imasac miviRebT, rom
winamdebare kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens qimiurad sufTa
mdgomareobaSi dariSxanmJavas miReba, mivalT daskvnamde, rom
sistemaSi (eqstraqti + H2O) damatebiTi raodenoba romelime mJavis an
tutis Setana usaTuod gauaresebs miznobrivi produqtis xarisxs,
radgan xsnadi hidroqsidis damatebisas garduvalia Sesabamisi
arsenatis(V) warmoqmna, xolo mJavas damatebisas, am ukanasknelis
gancalkeveba miznobrivi produqtisagan didad gaZneldeba orive
komponentis erTmaneTSi ganusazRvreli xsnadobis gamo.
swored amitom, mizanSewonilad vcaniT Segveswavla miRebuli
spirtuli eqstraqtebis hidrolizireba yovelgvari damxmare reagentis
gamoyenebis gareSe. gamoirkva, rom, Tu hidrolizisaTvis wyals
aviRebT 4-5-jer meti raodenobiT TeoriulTan SedarebiT, maSin
miznobrivi produqtis (H3AsO4) regenerirebis xarisxi TiTqmis
mudmivia da meryeobs 97-98%-is farglebSi. am SemTxvevaSic aSkarad
ikveTeba, rom dariSxanmJavas gamosavlianoba TiTqmis ar aris
damokidebuli eqstraqtis Sesatyvisi spirtis rigze da aRnagobaze.
miRebul wyalxsnarSi dariSxanis (e.i. H3AsO4-is) Semcvelobas
ganapirobebs mxolod da mxolod dasamuSaveblad aRebuli wylis
raodenoba da is, Tu ramdenjer moxdeba spirtuli eqstraqtis
hidrolizi- eqstraqcia. radgan dariSxanmJavas gamowvlilvis xarisxi
didad aris damokidebuli eqstraqciis raodenobaze, eqstragents (H2O),
rogorc wesi, sam nawilad vyofdiT da aseTnairad vaxdendiT spirtuli
eqstraqtis damuSavebas gamyof ZabrSi.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom gamosavali masalebi dariSxans
Seicaven umTavresad dariSxanmJavaeTerebis saxiT, maSin miznobrivi
produqtis warmoqmna unda aixsnas hidrolizis warmarTviT Tanaxmad
Semdegi tolobisa:
(RO)3AsO + 3H2O 3ROH + H3AsO4 .
dariSxanmJavas misaRebad gamosaval nivTierebaTa CatvirTva da
miznobrivi produqtis gamosavlianoba motanilia cxrilSi 2. Sedegad
miiReba dariSxanmJavas wyalxsnari, romelSic dariSxanis Semcveloba
meryeobs 23-26%-is farglebSi.
cxrili 2. dariSxanmJavas wyalxsnaris misaRebad gamosaval
nivTierebaTa raodenoba da miznobrivi produqtis (H3AsO4)
gamosavlianoba
#
gamosaval nivTierebaTa CatvirTva
miRebuli H3AsO4-is
wyalxsnari
spirtuli (ROH) eqstraqti
H2O
R
g
As-is
Semcv. %
ml(g)
moli
g
As-is
Semc. %
H3AsO4-is
gamosavl. %
1
C5H11
25,2
13,20
10
0,556
12,8
25,23
97,1
2
izo-C5H11
27,0
12,87
10
0,556
13,0
26,14
97,8
3
C6H13
51,6
11,98
20
1,111
25,8
23,48
98,0
4
C5H11
24,9
13,08
10
0,556
12,9
24,44
96,7
5
izo-C5H11
26,7
13,58
12
0,556
15,0
23,59
97,5
individualuri saxiT dariSxanis miReba ar warmoadgens raime
preparatorul- teqnikur siZneles, Tu mis wyalxsnars jer frTxilad
avaorTqlebT wylis abazanaze, xolo Semdeg daaxloebiT 130oC-ze,
miiReba ufero msxvilkristaluri nivTiereba SedgenilobiT
H3AsO40,5H2O, romelic advilad STanTqavs tens higroskopulia.
rogorc hidrolizis zogadi tolobidan irkveva, dariSxanmJavas
warmoqmnas Tan axlavs agreTve Sesabamisi spirtis regenerirebac.
Sedegad miiReba orkomponentiani sistema. magram im faqtze
dayrdnobiT, rom dariSxanmJavas gamowvlilvisTvis gankuTvnili spirti
gacilebiT msubuqia wyalTan SedarebiT, amasTan, igi ar ixsneba arc
wyalSi da arc mJavaSi, misi mocileba mJavis wyalxsnaridan ar
warmoadgens Znelad gadasalax preparatorul dabrkolebas, advilad
miiRweva gamyofi Zabris gamoyenebiT. Cven specialurad gamovikvlieT
(Sedegebma asaxva ver hpova cxrilebSi) spirtebis regenerirebis
xarisxi da gamoirkva, rom maTi gamosavlianoba TiTqmis raodenobrivia
da meryeobs 93-96%-is farglebSi. yvelaze meti raodenobiT
regenerirdeba heqsilis spirti, rac, ganpirobebuli unda iyos wyalSi
dabali xsnadobiT amilis spirtebTan SedarebiT.Aadvilia im daskvnis
gamotanac, rom regenerirebuli spirtebi kvlav SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnas dariSxanmJavas gamosawvlilad, miRebuli eqstraqtebi kvlav
hidrolizdebian da a.S., dariSxanmJavas warmoebis Cvens mier
mowodebuli teqnologia miiRebs uwyvet da, amasTan, ciklur xasiaTs,
rac Tanamedrove warmoebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi moTxovnaa.
MmxedvelobaSi isic unda viqonioT, rom amilis spirtebTan SedarebiT,
dariSxanmJavas warmoebaSi dabali rigis spirtebi (R H+>+.
-
.., .., .., ..
. .
, Hg / . : : +> +>+.
.., .., ..
. .
. . , [1-2]. NCO , ( ) . 46 , . [3-4].
("" , ), , .
(-2) 1,3, , :
NH NH
N C NH C NH CH2 NHC NH C N
, -2 801000. .
- , .
.1 - . 80 1,3 (-2) 3340 -1 3120 -1, NH = NH , NH -2. 2170 -1 CN
-2. 1640 -1 ((NH, 1580 -1 1140 -1 CNH ==NH .
. 1. ( 3400-1800 -1) ;
1 80, 2 .
. 1. ( 1800-650 -1) ;
1 80, 2 .
. 2. ( 3400-1800 -1) ;
1 80, 2 .
. 2. ( 1800-650 -1) ;
1 80, 2 .
1265 -1 NH , CN= , 880 -1 C NH HN=C= [5-6].
(. 2) : 2170 -1 3340 -1, 3120 -1, 1640 -1 880 -1, 750 -1 770 -1,
Cl.
, . , ( ). 2170 -1, CN -2. 3340 -1, 3120 -1, 1640 -1 880 -1,
=NH. , :
CI CI
| |
. 2 = 2 .. CH2 C = C CH2 ..
+
|
N C=NH
||| |
C
R
| |
R
|
, , 2, . .
literatura REFERENCES
1. .. . : "", 1982, 207 .
2. .., .. . : "", 1984, 221 .
3. . VII. , . . : ., 1989, . 10-13.
4. .. . : " ", 1983, 128 .
5. .., .. , , - . : - , 1979, 220 .
6. .., .. . : "", 1986, 247 .
poliqloroprenis webos latentur gamamyarebelTan struqturirebis
procesis kvleva
merab SalamberiZe, zurab kopaZe, natalia lomTaZe
quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti
reziume
gamokvleulia poliqloroprenis kauCukebis "nairiti DKT-80" da
"nairiti-HT" latentur gamamyarebelTan,
1,3-eTil-bis-diciandiguanidinTan (0-2) struqturirebis procesi.
warmodgenilia latentur gamamyarebliani poliqloroprenis kauCukebis
struqturirebis reaqciis meqanizmi.
STUDY OF STRUCTURIZATION PROCESS OF POLYCHLOROPRENE GLUES WITH
LATENT SOLIDIFIER
Merab Shalamberidze, Zurab Kopadze, and Natalia Lomtadze
The Akaki Tsereteli Kutaisi State University
SUMMARY
Structurization process of polychloroprene rubbers, Nairit
DKT-80 and Nairit-NT, with latent solidifier
1-3-ethyl-bis-dicyandiguanydine, (0-2), has been studied. Mechanism
of structurization reaction for latent solidificial polychloroprene
rubbers is presented.
.., ..
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k
w
p
+
+
-
+
Z
E
m
i
i
q
(13)
, :
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
10
sin
cos
)
(
)
,
(
m
t
m
t
Z
qE
t
Z
V
w
k
w
w
w
k
+
+
=
(14)
)
(
cos
sin
)
(
)
(
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
10
m
t
m
t
Z
qE
t
Z
w
k
w
w
w
w
k
+
-
=
(15)
(14) (15) (8), , :
+
=
2
2
0
2
10
0
2
)
(
2
0
m
Z
E
cR
e
q
A
ikR
w
k
w
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
+
+
-
+
dt
t
i
sh
i
t
i
ch
m
m
Z
ikqE
e
m
i
t
i
)
(
)
(
)
(
exp
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
10
0
0
w
k
w
w
w
k
w
w
k
w
w
+
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
+
+
-
dt
t
i
sh
ik
t
i
ch
m
m
Z
ikqE
e
m
i
t
i
)
(
)
(
)
(
exp
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
10
0
0
w
w
w
w
k
w
w
k
w
w
(16)
(16) : )
k
>
m
0
w
.
.
, , , . ):
0
/
w
w
:
+
-
+
+
+
-
=
+
=
=
p
j
p
j
j
j
i
C
km
i
kR
i
ckR
q
Z
A
0
/
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
ln
2
2
exp
)
(
w
w
w
a
p
w
w
p
w
w
(
)
=
-
+
-
0
0
/
!
/
!
)
1
(
2
0
p
p
p
p
km
w
w
a
w
w
-
-
-
=
-
1
/
0
0
/
0
0
!
)!
1
/
(
2
w
w
w
w
w
w
a
p
p
p
km
i
p
km
2
2
a
(17)
;
)
(
2
2
0
10
m
Z
qE
w
a
577
,
0
C
0
/
w
w
:
-
-
=
-
p
w
w
w
w
p
p
w
0
1
0
0
0
sin
2
exp
)
(
kR
i
ckR
q
i
Z
A
p
km
2
2
a
-
0
0
/
2
w
w
w
w
p
a
km
e
i
(
)
(
)
(
)
+
-
G
+
-
-
-
+
G
+
-
-
=
)
/
(
/
!
)
1
(
2
/
/
!
)
1
(
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
p
p
p
km
p
p
p
p
p
p
w
w
w
w
a
w
w
w
w
w
w
(18)
2
2
0
10
)
(
m
Z
qE
w
a
.
):
0
/
w
w
:
-
-
-
+
+
=
+
=
=
p
a
w
w
p
w
w
a
w
w
w
i
j
j
C
km
kR
i
cR
mq
Z
A
j
p
j
1
/
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
ln
2
4
exp
2
)
(
(
)
=
-
+
-
0
0
/
!
/
!
)
1
(
2
2
0
p
p
p
p
km
w
w
a
w
w
-
-
-
=
-
1
/
0
0
/
0
0
!
)!
1
/
(
2
2
w
w
w
w
w
w
a
p
p
p
km
i
p
km
2
2
2
a
(19)
2
2
0
10
)
(
m
Z
qE
w
p
a
.
0
/
w
w
:
+
=
-
p
w
w
w
w
p
w
w
a
p
w
0
1
0
0
0
0
sin
4
exp
2
)
(
kR
i
ckR
qm
Z
A
p
km
2
2
2
a
0
0
/
2
2
w
w
w
w
p
a
-
km
e
i
(
)
(
)
=
-
+
G
+
-
0
0
0
/
/
!
)
1
(
p
p
p
p
p
w
w
w
w
(
)
+
-
G
+
-
-
-
=
-
0
0
0
/
)
/
(
/
!
)
1
(
2
2
0
p
p
p
p
p
km
w
w
w
w
a
w
w
(20)
2
2
0
10
)
(
m
Z
qE
w
p
a
.
):
0
/
w
w
:
+
-
+
-
+
+
=
+
=
p
p
j
j
j
i
C
k
i
kR
i
ckR
q
Z
A
0
/
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
ln
2
exp
)
(
w
w
w
w
ka
p
w
w
p
w
w
(
)
=
+
-
-
0
0
/
0
!
/
!
)
1
(
2
0
p
p
p
p
k
w
w
w
ka
w
w
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
1
/
0
0
/
0
0
0
!
)!
1
/
(
2
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
ka
p
p
p
k
i
p
k
2
0
2
-
w
ka
(21)
2
10
)
(
2
k
p
a
Z
qE
.
0
/
w
w
:
+
=
-
p
w
w
w
w
p
w
w
p
w
0
1
0
0
0
0
sin
exp
)
(
kR
i
ckR
q
i
Z
A
p
k
2
0
2
-
w
ka
EMBED Equation.3
-
-
0
0
/
0
2
w
w
w
w
p
w
ka
k
e
i
(
)
(
)
-
+
G
+
-
=
0
0
0
/
/
!
)
1
(
p
p
p
p
p
w
w
w
w
(
)
+
-
G
+
-
-
-
=
-
0
0
0
/
0
)
/
(
/
!
)
1
(
2
0
p
p
p
p
p
k
w
w
w
w
w
ka
w
w
(22)
2
10
)
(
2
k
p
a
Z
qE
.
, - - . , , .., ( ). [13].
.
. .
- . , , , .
literatura REFERENCES
1. Khatiashvili N.G. Proceedings of conference Physical
properties of the mineral systems of the earths interior. Prague.
1985.
2. .., .., .. , 1984, . 20, . 1402
3. .., .., .. , 1986, . 22, . 70.
4. Khatiashvili N.G., Perelman M.E. Physics of the Earth and
Planetary Interiors, 1989, v. 57, 169-177.
5. .., .. , 1988, . 129, .81.
6. .., .. . , 1986.
7. Japaridze J.I., Damaskin B.B., Khokhashvili M.O.,
Chagelishvli V.A. Russian J. of Electrochemistry. 1997, v. 33,
p.
8. .. . , , 1990. Electrochemical radiation when distruction of
rocks and crystals. Metsniereba: Tbilisi, 1990.
9. .., .., .. , 1987, 23, . 1660.
10. .., .., .. , 1989, . 25, . 979.
11. .. (Principles of Contemporary Methods of Studying of
Electrochrmical Reactions). Publishing house of Moscow State
University: Moscow, 1965.
12. .., .. . . , , 1975.
13. .., .., .., .. , 2007, 7 ( ).
radiotalRuri diapazonis eleqtromagnituri gamosxiveba heterogenul
kondensirebul sistemebSi
Tamaz marsagiSvili, grigol tatiSvili
rafiel aglaZis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis
instituti
reziume
heterogenuli sistemebis Sesaswavlad mocemulia sixSiris
radiotalRur diapazonSi eleqtromagnituri gamosxivebis registraciaze
dafuZnebuli speqtraluri meTodis Teoriuli safuZvlebi. metali-xsnaris
fazaTa gamyof zedapirze erTdroulad modebulia ori mudmivi da susti
cvladi potenciali. mudmivi potenciali sididiT axlosaa romelime
ionebis adsorbciis Sesabamis potencialTan, cvlad potencials ki
mcire amplituda aqvs (2-dan 20-mde milivoltis farglebSi) da sixSire
ki ramdenime aTeuli hercidan ramdenime aTeul kilohercamdea.
sxvadasxva modelebis SemTxvevaSi miRebuli analizuri gamosaxulebebi
heterogenul sistemaSi gamosxivebis eleqtromagnituri velis
veqtor-potencialis ganawilebisaTvis.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF RADIO-WAVE BAND IN HETEROGENEOUS
SYSTEMS
Tamaz A. Marsagishvili, Grigol D. Tatishvili
Rafiel Agladze Insitute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Electrochemistry
SUMMARY
Theoretical basis of spectral method for study of heterogeneous
systems, based on electromagnetic radiation registration in
radio-wave range of frequencies has been presented. Two potentials
are applied simultaneously on the interface metal-solution,
constant potential and weak alternating potential. Value of
constant potential is near to corresponding adsorption potential of
some ions, and alternating potential has small amplitude (within
the limits from 2 up to 20mV) and frequency from dozens of Hertz up
to dozens of kiloHertz. Analytic expressions for distribution of
vector-potential of electromagnetic field of radiation in
heterogeneous system for different models are obtained.
5-11
--
.., .., .., .., ..
. .. ([email protected])
5-11 -- . , , , , - , - .
, , , , , () [1].
, , , ,," - , , . , (). - () , - -. - , [2,3]. , - , [4]. [5]. ,
, .
: 1) 5-11 ; 2) ; 3) - .
, , : -545 () N-AW () [5,6]. -545, , N-AW [4]. , . -545 3,1 ,
N-AW - 6 ; 1,88 1,4 3/ .
( ), SE-30 1.106, 0,996 /3, , 3500, , [7,8]. (, , , , , , ).
-80. - 2,85 , 3 . : 1000, 1200, 1400. - ; - - , 50/.
- :
VTg = (/) + 3S3100/ ,
VTg (3/), (), g (), ( -1), - (/3), 3 - (1), S3 (2/). (%) [5].
(), , VTg 100/, () . 3.
.
1 2 , , 5-11 . , .
1 , , - SE-30, - -545, , (%) (3) , (%). , 5% 85% 0,327.10-4-1,
20%- : 59.4% 0,28.10-4-1.
, 5 10%, - , , , . , , .. ,," - . , . , , , , ,," .
. 1. (%) (%) [3(.10-4)]
-(-545)
-545
%
5%
10%
15%
20%
3
0.327
0.310
0.291
0.280
%
85.0
74.6
64.5
59.4
%
15.0
25.4
45.5
40.6
3
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
%
57.0
38.0
28.0
26.0
%
43.0
62.0
72.0
74.0
3
0.046
0.045
0.044
0.043
%
46.0
36.6
20.8
17.7
%
54.0
63.4
79.2
82.3
3
0.032
0.029
0.027
0.024
%
37.3
33.3
15.4
13.8
%
63.7
66.7
84.5
86.2
3
0.025
0.024
0.023
0.022
%
31.2
19.0
12.8
10.0
%
68.8
81.0
87.2
90.0
3
0.015
0.0145
0.0135
0.013
%
21.7
11.9
7.5
5.9
%
78.3
88.1
92.5
94.1
3
0.0125
0.0123
0.0121
0.0120
%
19.0
11.9
7.0
5.3
%
81.0
88.1
93.0
94.7
. 2. (%) (%) [3(.10-4)]
-( N-AW)
N-AW
%
5%
10%
15%
20%
3
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
%
77.0
60.9
50.0
45.8
%
23.0
39.1
50.0
54.2
3
0.051
0.04
0.03
0.028
%
46.5
33.5
23.0
20.6
%
54.5
66.5
77.0
79.4
3
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.033
%
44.4
25.3
13.3
%
55.6
74.7
86.7
89.0
3
0.027
0.026
0.025
0.024
%
37.0
22.63
13.0
10.4
%
63.0
77.4
87.0
89.6
3
0.014
0.0138
0.0135
0.0132
%
19.5
15.0
7.6
6.4
%
80.5
85.0
92.4
93.6
3
0.012
0.011
0.0095
0.009
%
16.0
9.8
5.6
5.2
%
84.0
90.2
94.4
94.6
3
0.0096
0.0094
0.0086
0.0085
%
14.7
8.0
5.0
4.0
%
85.3
92.0
95.0
96.0
, , ( , ) , , , , , - [9].
, , . , - , , .
1 , (%) (3) . , , , 5-20%, (%) (3) 19% 5% 0,0125.10-4-1
0,0120.10-4-1 , . , .
2 , 1, N-AW, . , (%) (3) , , , -545, , 5% (%) (3) 77%
0.18.10-4-1 , 20% - 46% 0.15.10-4-1.
, N-AW [4], , ,," , - -545.
1 2 , (1400) , , . , 1000-1400, 5%- -545 , (%) (3) 57% 72%
0,080.10-4-1 0,135.10-4-1 ; 46% 62% 0,046.10-4-1 0,082.10-4-1, 39%
51% 0,034.10-4-1 0,059.10-4-1. 20%- (%) (3) 26% 41% 0,05 .10-4-1
0,119 .10-4-1 , - 18% 26% 0,043 .10-4 -1 0,078 .10-4-1, 15% 39%
0,029.10-4-1 0,055.10-4-1.
, - N-AW 1000-1400 , -545 , N-AW, , . , . -545 N-AW.
0
5
10
15
20
0,511,52
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.511.52
tk=1000C tk=1400C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
tk=1000C tk=1400C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
tk=1000C tk=1400C
. 1. .
- SE-30, - -545.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
- , % - , %
tk=1000C tk=1400C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
tk=1000C tk=1400C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
tk=1000C tk=1400C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
. 2. .
- SE-30, - N-AW.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5101520
%
%;
%
- , % - , %
3 4 : , (3) -.
. 3. [3 (.10-4)] ,
- SE-30, - -545
C %
5
10
15
20
1000
0.080
0.071
0.060
0.050
1400
0.135
0.128
0.122
0.119
1000
0.046
0.045
0.044
0.043
1400
0.082
0.080
0.080
0.078
1000
0.034
0.033
0.032
0.029
1400
0.059
0.057
0.056
0.055
. 4. [3 (.10-4)] ,
- SE-30, - N-AW
C %
5
10
15
20
1000
0.051
0.040
0.030
0.028
1400
0.097
0.075
0.067
0.064
1000
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.033
1400
0.065
0.063
0.060
0.059
1000
0.031
0.028
0.026
0.024
1400
0.045
0.043
0.041
0.040
, , , , - .
literatura REFERENCES
1. .., .. - . : , 1966. 420 .
2. .. (-) . . : , 1972. 225 .
3. .. -- . : , 1986. 112 .
4. .., .., .. . : , 1975. 200 .
5. .. . : , 1978. 247 .
6. .., .. . . : , 1993. 464 .
7. .. - . : , 1985. 240 .
8. . . : , 1976. 200 .
9. . . ., .. : , 1988, .1 . 479 .
air-Txevad-myarfazur qromatografiaSi adsorbciisa da gaxsnis
wvlilis ganawileba 5-11 alkanebis SekavebaSi
luba eprikaSvili, imeda rubaSvili, Teimuraz korZaxia, nino
fircxalava, maia Zagania
petre meliqiSvilis fizikuri da organuli qimiis instituti
([email protected])
reziume
dadgenilia, rom air-Txevad-myarfazur qromatografiaSi 5-11
alkanebis SekavebaSi adsorbciisa da gaxsnis wvlilis ganawilebis
xasiaTze adgili aqvs sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenas. sorbatis
polaroba da molekuluri masa, uZravi Txevadi fazis buneba, misi myar
sarCulze dafenis xarisxi, aseve qromatografiuli svetis temperatura
air-Txevadi qromatografiis procesSi arsebiT gavlenas axdens
adsorbciisa da gaxsnis wvlilis ganawilebis xasiaTze.
DISTRIBUTION OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF ADSORBTION AND DISSOLVING TO
RETENTION OF 5-11 ALKANES IN GAS-LIQUID-SOLID-PHASE
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Luba Eprikashvili, Imeda Rubashvili, Teimuraz Kordzakhia, Nino
Pirtskhalava, Maia Dzagania
Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
([email protected])
SUMMARY
The influence of different factors on the distribution character
of contributions of adsorbtion and dissolving to retention of 5-11
alkanes in the gas-liquid-solid-phase chromatography has been
studied. It has been shown that polarity and molecular mass of the
sorbate, the nature of stationary phase, the rate of impregnation
of the solid support and its physical and chemical properties, as
well as the temperature of chromatographic column have an essentiel
influence on the distribution character of above-mentioned
contributions.
.., .., .., .., .., ..
. ..
, , [1].
. , , . , . -, . - .
C18H37NH2 (1% ). , , , [2].
1 - .
. , , - , , , . , .
Q, . , , , . . , , . .
. 1. (200)
,
/
,
, /.
-, %
, T
**
74,12
116,21
158,28
62,10
92,09
84,20
86,00
46,03
60,00
88,10
18,00
17,70
11,10
7,6
41,2
56,2
2,02
1,92
57,90
6,15
2,99
80,40
1,68
1,60
1,60
2,28
2,56
0
0
1,35
0,83
0,63
1,84
0,56
0,72
0,87
0,65
0,42
0,10
0,07
0,89
0,74
0,60
0,97
30,00
100,00
600,00
35,00
8,60
20,00
25,00
30,00
40,00
60,00
20,00
0,08
0,07
0,06
0,14
0,85
0,009
0,32
*
*
*
0,12
20,00
15,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
*
*
17,00
18,00
20,00
5,00
0,56
0,66
0,71
0,75
0,78
*
*
0,62
0,58
0,52
3,20
* .
** .
, , , 20% . , , , [3,4].
- . - UR20 4000-700 -1. ( , , ) 1200 -1 1480 -1, .
, , , Si-O-R Me-O-R, [5]. - - 2870 -1 2950 -1.
3500 -1, , 2800-3000 -1 1480 -1, .
, 2. " - 2", .
. 2. (d001 ) ,
d001
,
1,25
1,35
2,04 3,20
1,95 3,10
1,98 3,15
1,62 3,00
, , , 3,20; 3,10; 3,15; 3,00 . , .
-- OD-100, 20-10000, 100/. 3 .
. 3.
, %
I
II
III
,
0
, 0
, . %
, 0
, 0
, . %
, 0
, 0
,
0
, 0
, . %
16,67
70-210
130
10,14
620-690
640
6,52
780-900
870
-
-
-
21,67
40-170
100
3,83
-
-
-
840-900
880
220-690
380
15,84
29,96
40-160
90
4,04
-
-
-
780-900
840
280-680
320
420
24,91
30,15
50-190
100
4,41
-
-
-
780-900
850
280-700
310
470
25,74
26,95
40-180
100
7,09
620-700
640
2,84
740-900
835
270-600
380
17,02
, , , 70-3000 ( ), 600-7000 ( ) 800-9000 ( ).
(70-2100) (40-1900), , .
3 , , ( 220-700 0). .
:
1. , - .
2. . .
3. . C , , .
4. . .
5. , .
6. - , .
literatura REFERENCES
1. .. .. .. .. 1004415 (). . . .. 1983, 10.
2. .. . , . "", , 1987, . 41-46.
3. .. - . , , 1998, . 31-44.
4. ., . . / /, 1991, . 53 . 4, . 775-778.
5. .. . , 1988, . 221.
bunebrivi askangelis organofilizacia organul areebSi
eTer saluqvaZe, leila jafariZe, ciala gabelia, lili kaSia, Tamar
kvernaZe, spartak urotaZe
petre meliqiSvilis fizikuri da organuli qimiis instituti
reziume
bunebrivi askangelis organowarmoebuli naerTebis fizikur-qimiuri
kvlevis analizis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom organuli nivTierebebis
adsorbcia askangelis zedapirze ganisazRvreba mineralis zedapirze
arsebuli aqtiuri centrebis bunebiT, adsorbirebuli nivTierebebis
qimiuri, geometriuli agebulebiT, polarobiT da molekulebis sivrc
