1904 - William Allen Rogers

1. Which of the following was a long term result of the situation described in the cartoon

a. The establishment of Naval bases throughout the Caribbean and Pacific Oceans b. U.S.’s eventual involvement in WWIc. The Senate’s rejection of the League of Nationsd. Calvin Coolidge’s signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact

2. Which group was most likely the intended audience of the cartoon above?

a. Members of the Democratic Partyb. Progressivesc. Supporters of Teddy Roosevelt d. Individuals living in U.S. territories in the Caribbean

Archibald Motley - “Getting Religion” - The National Archives

3. Which of the following early 20th-century cultural conflicts is reflected in the image above?a. Rural versus urbanb. Nativism versus immigrationc. Federalism versus states’ rightsd. Fundamentalism versus modernism

4. The ideas expressed in the image would best be understood within the context of a. The Harlem Renaissanceb. Jim Crow laws in the Southc. The rise of an urban middle classd. Stricter immigration laws and quotas

RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES - Employees shall have the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection, and shall also have the right to refrain from any or all of such activities except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment as authorized in section.

The Wagner Act - 1935

5. Which of the following was a significant result of the passage of the Wagner Act?

a. A reemergence of laissez-faire capitalism b. Migration of African Americans to urban areasc. A dramatic increase in union membership d. A economic decline known as the Roosevelt recession

6. A person who disagreed with the Wagner Act would most likely support

a. The creation of the National Labor Relations Boardb. The creation of the Social Security Actc. Francis Townshend’s old age revolving pension plans d. Welfare capitalism programs put forth by business leaders

7. Which of the following 20th century historical developments was least likely to have spurred the passage of the legislation of the described in the excerpt above?

a. The ruling of the National Industrial Recovery Act as unconstitutionalb. The increase in programs that support a welfare state during the implementation of the

New Dealc. Franklin Roosevelt’s support among the working classd. The creation of conservative Democratic Liberty Leagues

What, then, happened during the last few days of February and the first few days of March? Because of undermined confidence on the part of the public, there was a general rush by a large portion of our population to turn bank deposits into currency or gold. A rush so great that the soundest banks could not get enough currency to meet the demand. The reason for this was that on the spur of the moment it was, of course, impossible to sell perfectly sound assets of a bank and convert them into cash except at panic prices far below their real value…

...It was then that I issued the proclamation providing for the nationwide bank holiday, and this was the first step in the Government's reconstruction of our financial and economic fabric. The second step was the legislation promptly and patriotically passed by the Congress confirming my proclamation and broadening my powers so that it became possible in view of the requirement of time to extend the holiday and lift the ban of that holiday gradually. This law also gave authority to develop a program of rehabilitation of our banking facilities…

Franklin Delano Roosevelt“On the Banking Crisis”

- Fireside Chat, 1933

8. The bank holidays imposed by Roosevelt’s administration within the first hundred days were further supported by passage of

a. The Agricultural Adjustment Act b. The Glass-Steagall Actc. The Social Security Actd. Legislation that created the Civilian Conservation Corps

9. As a result of the concerns expressed by Roosevelt in the above passage, Congress passed legislation that

a. Set strict production quotas on six hundred industries b. Regulated the financial industry to restore confidence c. Allocated federal funds for state relief programsd. Set up a program that altered the regulation regarding mortgages

War Production Board, J. Howard Miller - 1942-1943

10. The painting above best supports which of the following assertions?

a. Americans were taking on new roles in society as part of the war effortb. A woman's role in the war effort was merely an extension of her traditional duties, and

not remarkably newc. Mass mobility during wartime had contributed to the end of the Great Depressiond. Rationing would encourage participation in the war effort

Well, I might say as far as the Indian Reorganization Act is concerned, I think this is possibly one of the best intentioned but unfortunate happenings that could have possibly taken place as far as the Indian people are concerned. What I am speaking about is that although it did stop the alienation, the sale of Indian lands and did stop the allotment system, it created a socialistic society, and set the Indian people apart from the mainstream of American life and made them a problem. So what this has really done, it has substituted in place of the governing system that the Indians had prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, a white man’s idea of how they should live, rather a paternalistic type of government which, had as its object the socializing of all the activities of the Indian people and while the framers of this act and the ones who are responsible for the idea of formulating it probably had the best intentions in the world, I cannot help but think that there was maybe not an overt conspiracy, but one in the back of the mind of these bureaucrats to really perpetuate their own existence.

Ramon Roubideaux, Sioux Indian, It Set Aside the Indian as a Problem, 1968

11. Those who agreed with the views expressed by the passage would most likely have argued that the Indian Reorganization Act

a. Increased sectional divisions within the Native American community b. Greatly improved living conditions for Native Americansc. Produced an improved situation for Native Americans, but it did not allow for full

Autonomyd. Encouraged the sale of Indian lands and division of allotments

12. The ideas expressed in the above passage would later lead to which of the following events in the twentieth century

a. Boycotts of businesses in Birmingham and Greensborob. The takeover of Wounded Kneec. The creation of organizations like the Young Lordsd. The organization of political participation groups led by Cesar Chavez

13. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

a. The realities of Native American life on the reservationsb. A Sioux’s response and reaction to the Indian Reorganization Actc. Social interactions between various Native American groupsd. The rise of Native American rights groups

“The Sky is Now Her Limit”, 1920, New York Times

14. Which of the following contributed most directly to the passage of the legislation alluded to in the image above?

a. A state-by-state campaignb. Lobbying and petitioning of members of Congressc. Wartime picketing and protests in front of the White Housed. Boycotting of businesses

15. Which statement best demonstrates an accurate historical context for the cartoon?

a. Congress has recently passed the 19th amendment.b. Women’s rights had been protected in Muller v. Oregon.c. The National Child Labor Committee has released report documenting child labor.d. Worker’s conditions had been addressed by muckrakers after the Triangle Shirtwaist fire

Thus as the prime mover in the first stage of the technique of recovery I lay overwhelming emphasis on the increase of national purchasing power resulting from governmental expenditure which is financed by Loans and not by taxing present incomes. Nothing else counts in comparison with this. In a boom inflation can be caused by allowing unlimited credit to support the excited enthusiasm of business speculators. But in a slump governmental Loan expenditure is the only sure means of securing quickly a rising output at rising prices. That is why a war has always caused intense industrial activity. In the past orthodox finance has regarded a war as the only legitimate excuse for creating employment by governmental expenditure. You, Mr. President, having cast off such fetters, are free to engage in the interests of peace and prosperity the technique which hitherto has only been allowed to serve the purposes of war and destruction.

- a letter from John Maynard Keynes to Franklin Roosevelt, 1933

16. The views expressed by Keynes in the excerpt most likely would have found support with which of the following groups?

a. The “Brain Trust”b. Followers of Huey Longc. Republican business leadersd. Laissez-faire economists

17. The excerpt above was most likely intended to do which of the following?

a. Encourage Roosevelt to increase the spending of federal government to stimulate the growth of the economy

b. Push Roosevelt to enter the United States in World War II and revitalize the economy.c. Dictate strict adherence to a balanced federal budget.d. Explain complex economic policies to the public.

18. Statistics on which of the following could best be used to directly support the argument made in the excerpt?

a. Data discussing imports and exports in the 1930’sb. The number of businesses requiring loans between 1930 and 1935c. Consumer spending in the years following the implementation of the New Deald. Inflation within the United States between 1930 and 1940

This, then, is the transformation of the negro in America in fifty years: from slavery to freedom, from 4,000,000 to 10,000,000, from denial of citizenship to enfranchisement, from being owned chattels to ownership of $600,000,000 in property, from unorganized irresponsibility to organized group life, from being spoken for to speaking, from contemptuous forgetfulness on the part of their neighbors to uneasy fear and dawning respect, and from inarticulate complaint to self-expression and dawning consciousness of manhood.

-W.E.B. DuBois, Fifty Years Among Black Folks, 1909.

19. This excerpt best reflects an effort by DuBois to

a. Discuss improvements made within the African American community by African Americans

b. Articulate the advancements made through legislation since Reconstructionc. Express the issues created by the policies of Jim Crow.d. Appeal for the acceptance assimilation of African Americans within society

20. Which of the following was a major contrast between DuBois and Booker T. Washington

a. Washington appealed more to rural African Americans.b. DuBois advocated for college educated academics among the black community.c. Washington was most concerned with developing a civil rights agenda.d. DuBois urged for gradual accommodation and acceptance.

“The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They ask us for the implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable them to fight for their liberty and for our security. Emphatically we must get these weapons to them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure.… We must be the great arsenal of democracy. For us this is an emergency as serious as war itself. We must apply ourselves to our task with the same resolution, the same sense of urgency, the same spirit of patriotism and sacrifice as we would show were we at war.…”

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Radio Address “On National Security,” December 29, 1940

21. Roosevelt’s speech was most likely in response to which of the following?

A. Concerns regarding the rise of fascism and totalitarianismB. Revelations regarding Japanese wartime atrocities C. Disclosures related to Nazi concentration camps D. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

22. Which of the following could be best interpreted as reflecting the “arsenal of democracy” approach described by Roosevelt in the passage?

A. U.S. maintenance of isolationism B. International investment in peace treaties C. Military intervention to promote a vision of international order D. Trade of arms and munitions with belligerent nations

23. The policy advocated by Roosevelt in the document above is most similar to which of the following in a later historical period?

A. The United States’ major military involvement in Korea B. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to provide arms to Afghan forcesC. The formation of the CIAD. President John F. Kennedy's negotiation with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile

Crisis

“ . . . When four-fifths of the most representative men in America are pronounced unfit for war, what shall we say of their fitness to father the next generation?... Boards of health, armed with

the police power of the state eradicate the causes of typhoid and quarantine the victims, but alcohol, a thousand times more destructive to public health, continues to destroy. Alcoholic degeneracy is the most important sanitary question before the country, and yet the health authorities do not take action, as alcohol is entrenched in politics. Leaders in politics dare not act, as their political destiny lies in the hands of the agents of the liquor traffic. We are face to face with the greatest crisis in our country’s history. The alcohol question must be settled within the next ten years or some more virile race will write the epitaph of this country. . . .”

Dr. T. Alexander MacNicholl, quoted in Presidentʼs Annual Address to the Womenʼs Christian

Temperance Union of Minnesota, 1912

24. The conditions described in the excerpt most directly led to

A. Expanded popular participation in government B. Moral reform legislationC. A stronger financial regulatory systemD. Federal legislation that regulated the relationships between politicians and businesses

25. The concerns expressed by the group cited above as most similar to the concerns expressed by which of the following groups in a previous era?

A. The Federalists of the late 1700s B. The Benevolent empire in the 1830sC. The Populists of the 1890s D. The Abolitionist movement in the 1840s and 1850s

26. Which of the following could best be used to support the viewpoint presented in the cartoon?

A. The understanding that the New Deal did not end the Depression B. Internment of Japanese Americans was not justified C. The eventual passage of programs that expanded the scope of the federal government D. Supreme Court actions that led to the ruling of New Deal programs as unconstitutional

27. New Deal policies most strongly advocated which of the following ideals?

A. Public organizations were responsible for moral reformB. Federal officials responsible for issues related to women's rights C. The government should use its power to reform the American economyD. National programs should be instituted to limit the overuse of natural resources

28. Which of the following groups most strongly sought to limit the actions of the Roosevelt during the New Deal?

A. PopulistsB. Conservatives in CongressC. RadicalsD. Communists

29. Which of the following groups did not realign with the Democrats as a result of the New Deal programs?

A. Ethnic groups, including Irish CatholicsB. African AmericansC. Working class labor union membersD. Northern Protestants

“I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, to speak a solemn word of warning to you against that deepest, most subtle, most essential breach of neutrality which may spring out of partisanship, out of passionately taking sides. The United States must be neutral in fact as well as in name during these days that are to try men’s souls. We must be impartial in thought as well as in action, must put a curb upon our sentiments as well as upon every transaction that might be construed as a preference of one party to the struggle before another.…”

President Woodrow Wilson, Message to the United States Senate, August 19, 1914

30. Which of the following is most similar to the policy advocated by President Wilson in excerpt above?

A. President Andrew Jackson’s concerns regarding the role of the federal government B. President George Washington’s Farewell AddressC. President Abraham Lincoln’s sentiments in the Gettysburg AddressD. President William McKinley's decision regarding a nationalist movement in the

Philippines

31. Which of the following later historical developments would represent the most dramatic change to Wilson’s policy as stated above?

A. The decision not to ratify the Treaty of Versailles B. The maintenance of U.S isolationism C. Advocacy for the 14 Points D. A refusal to join the League of Nations

“[Alfred Thayer] Mahan… had long advocated the annexation of Hawaii, his arguments invariably centering on defense of the Pacific coast, control of Oriental immigration, and the strategic implications of Japanese expansion into the Central Pacific. He had again demanded

Hawaiian annexation as recently as February 1898 when Senator James H. Kyle, of South Dakota, asked him for a statement on the strategic virtues and values of the islands. He cheered in July 1898 when the United States, almost as a national-defense reflex, blinked twice, gulped, and finally swallowed whole the Hawaiian group. As he wrote in mid-August, “In the opinion of the Board, possession of these islands, which happily we now own, is militarily essential, both to our transit to Asia, and to the defense of our Pacific coast.”

Robert Seager II, Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man and His Letters, 1977

32. The pattern described in the excerpt was foreshadowed by which of the following?

A. Migration to the United States from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere B. Contradictory government policies toward Mexican immigration C. The perception in the 1890s that the Western frontier was “closed”D. Restrictions on immigration from China and Japan

33. Which of the following historical developments most directly resulted from the ideas expressed by Alfred T. Mahan?

A. The Pacific campaign during WWII known as “island hopping” B. An increase in U.S. involvement in Asia C. A call for a defense of humanitarian and democratic principles D. The rise of fascism

34. Which of the following was provided as a justification for the actions taken by the United States in Hawaii and other locations around the globe?

A. Social DarwinismB. The principle of self-determinationC. The U.S. foreign policy tradition of isolationism D. The idea that Americans were destined to expand their culture

“The Chemist,” 1912

35. The cartoon suggests that disparate groups that favored Progressivism typically shared which of the following?

A. A belief in the power of individuals promote reform B. Stricter immigration restrictions C. Support for federal legislation that would effectively regulate the economyD. A government response to the overuse of natural resources

36. The Progressive movement emerged most directly in response to which of the following early-twentieth-century trends?

A. The development of new technologies and manufacturing techniques B. The movement of a majority of the U.S. population to urban centers, which offered

greater economic opportunity and instabilityC. Migration that gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed regional and

ethnic identities D. Advocacy for United States expansionism

37. The cartoon reflects which of the following criticisms of the Progressive movement?

A. The influence of corporate powerB. The lack of concern for the needs of the working poorC. There were divisions over many issuesD. Some were violating policies of self-determination

38. Which of the following would be most likely to support the Progressive movement?

A. Recent immigrantsB. Middle-class white womenC. Industrial capitalistsD. African Americans

39. Which of the following contributed most the changes shown in the graph between the years 1920 and 1930?

A. A greater production of consumer goods and greater personal mobility B. Nativists encouraged the passage of restrictive quotasC. The increased demand for labor and productionD. Migration to the United States from Mexico

40. Which of the following contributed to the decline in immigration between 1910 and 1920?

A. The Great Migration of African AmericansB. Laws were passed that restricted immigration from Mexico C. Increasing public debates over assimilation and Americanization D. International conflicts limited mobility

SAQ 1:

a. Select one of the following events and argue for why it represents a turning point in U.S. foreign policy

● U.S. rejection of the League of Nations● The Lend-Lease Act● The Atlantic Charter

b. Explain a specific piece of evidence which illustrates your choice in (a)c. Explain a specific piece of evidence which would disprove your point in (a) and (b)

SAQ 2:

a. Discuss a specific piece of evidence which supports a description of the 1920’s as “Roaring.” b. Discuss a second piece of evidence which supports a description of the 1920’s as “Roaring.” c. Explain a specific piece of evidence which would lead to a rejection to the above description of the 1920’s.

SAQ 3:

“My thesis is that progressivism failed. It failed in what it - or what those who shaped it - conceived to be its principal objective. And that was, over and above everything else, to restore or maintain the conventional consensus on a particular view of the universe… Such a view, such values, such modes were challenged by the influx of diverse religious and ethnic elements into the nation’s social and intellectual stream…, and by the increasing centrality of a growing proportion of low income, unskilled, wage earning classes in the nation’s economy and social structure.”

Richard M. Abrams, historian, The Shaping of the Twentieth Century, 1971

(a) Explain Abrams’s point of view as described in the excerpt above (b) Explain one specific historical event during the era of Progressivism which supports Abram’s point of view (c) Explain one specific historical trend or event which contradicts Abram’s point of view

SAQ 4:

(a) Explain the point of view of the cartoonist (b) Explain one specific historical event or concept which supports the point of view of the cartoon (c) Explain a second specific historical event or concept which supports the point of view of the cartoon