Brain Structure and Function Guided Notes

Name:____________________________________

Cerebrum

Largest region Responsible for _______________________________________________:

◦ speech◦ memory◦ reasoning◦ emotion◦ consciousness◦ interpretation of sensation◦ voluntary movement

Divided into left and right hemispheres Wrinkled texture

◦ Raised areas called ___________________◦ Shallow grooves called ____________________◦ Deep groves called _______________________

The brain is divided into four main regions:

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

The _________________________________________ is one especially important area of white matter – it’s the connection between the two cerebral hemispheres

Diencephalon structure

The diencephalon consists of three parts:

__________________________

__________________________ (completely enclosed by thalamus)

__________________________

Regulation of autonomic functions, including◦ __________________________________

◦ __________________________________

◦ __________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________– emotional / visceral brain (sex, food, thirst, pain, pleasure)

The outer part of the cerebrum – called the _________________________________________-- is composed of gray matter

Gray matter = ________________________ ____________________________________

This is where thought, sensation, etc. occur

The inner part of the cerebrum is mostly white matter

White matter = ______________________ ____________________________________

This is the connection between different regions of the brain

Circle the parts that are diencephalon. Square the parts that are brain stem.

Brain Stem

The brain stem consists of three parts

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________________________

Controls many autonomic functions, including:

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

Also allows passage of nerves fibers between brain and spinal cord

Cerebellum

Back of the brain, beneath cerebrum Like cerebrum, it has

◦ Two hemispheres◦ Wrinkled surface◦ Outer cortex made of gray matter outside and inner region of white matter

Functions

_______________________________________

• _______________________________________

You Do

Using 4 different colors, label the four major regions of the brain.

Label: gyrus, sulcus, cortex (gray matter), white matter, fissure

List the major functions of each section here:

Cerebrum:

Diencephalon:

Brain stem:

Cerebellum:

List three differences between gray matter and white matter.

Label the parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, mammilary body, thalamus, pineal body, pons, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, midbrain, optic chiasma

Questions

Following a stroke, a person develops the symptoms listed below. Which part of the brain was damaged?

ataxia (an inability to coordinate muscular movement)

Drooping left side of face

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fluid that surrounds and protects brain and spinal cord

Produced by the _________________________ from blood plasma, and drains back into the blood

Some diseases can be diagnosed by examining CSF collected during a spinal tap

Which glial cells are involved with CSF? What do they do?

Blood brain barrier

Protects the brain from toxins, most drugs, and fluctuations in other chemicals such as ions

Two major barriers

◦ ___________________________________________

◦ ___________________________ which control flow ofmaterials from blood vessels to neurons

Why is the blood brain barrier necessary?

Does the blood brain barrier block the passage of alcohol?