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What is sociology?
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What similarities exist in all of these pictures?
+What is sociology?
(def. sheet) Sociologists believe that we develop our beliefs and values while interacting with the complex social system that surrounds us.
We can only understand behaviour by undertaking research and analysis of the structures of societies and how they influence individual and group behaviour.
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Social science discipline that examines development and structure of human society (institutions)
Sociology theorizes social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior
Sociologists investigate structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how individuals are impacted
+Key concepts sociologists use
Status~ describes our position in an institution
Hierarchy~ ranking of authority of power
Role~ each position requires a particular role and expertise. They therefore are expected to talk, act, dress and behave in a manner according to their role.
+Societal Roles and Status
Everyone plays certain roles within society – Social Scientists refer to this as status
Roles can be ascribed (born into)
Roles can also be achieved
Status is used to describe our position within an institution (e.g.) cashier within a drive-through
restaurant vs. manager
+Hierarchy
Hierarchy - ranking system used in any particular environment based on authority of power (def. sheet)
Within a hierarchy, role players expected to behave in certain ways (norms)
Many different roles in society are played simultaneously(e.g.) parent at breakfast becomes an
employee within the workplace
+Norms
Norms are behaviours that govern social action and which the majority of the members of society regards as proper, right and expected. (def. sheet)
Norms lead to the standardization of behaviour within any given society
Norms are an important form of social control
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Think about it!
What happens when people go against the norms of their society?
What are some examples?
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+Deviance
Definition
Differing from a norm or from the accepted standards of a society (def. sheet)
n.One that differs from a norm, especially a person whose behavior and attitudes differ from accepted social standards.
+Deviance and Rehabilitation
Deviance – behaviour that is different from the societal norm, considered “deviant” because society does not accept it
Deviance can range from odd behaviour to acts that harm society
Sociology has a strong link with the criminal justice system
Canada’s criminal justice system is based on rehabilitation, or trying to re-educate and re-socialize inmates so that they can grow to accept society’s values and norms
+More on Deviance
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/sociological-theories-of-deviance-definitions-and-theoretical-perspectives.html#lesson
http://youtu.be/jewlDGcJM6s
http://youtu.be/P8iQGSqbGk8
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Read and summarize note on deviance theories
Take notes on each theory
+Movie trailers relating to social deviance
http://youtu.be/SUXWAEX2jlg
http://youtu.be/JsPW6Fj3BUI
http://youtu.be/4Hd-C0kmLAc
+Norms
There are four types of norms:
MoresFolkwaysTaboosLaws
+Mores
Mores are norms that society considers vital for its survival; what is right and wrong, moral and immoral (def. sheet)
Strongly sanctioned by society. E.g. Society insists on respect for
human life. Therefore murder is harshly punished.
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+Folkways
Folkways are norms governing behaviour which the society considers acceptable but does not insist upon. (def. sheet)E.g. Using a spoon instead of a knife
and fork at table; picking one’s nose in public
Folkways are relatively weak norms
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+Taboos
Taboos are behaviours that society finds revolting., considered morally wrong. (def. sheet)
E.g. IncestOthers ???
+Laws
Laws are norms that society considers sufficiently valuable that they are codified/formalized through the legislative process with specific formal sanctions/penalties to be imposed on those who break them. (def. sheet)
E.g. Family, religion, education, economy, political subsystem, legal subsystem, mass media.
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+Rehabilitation
Sociology has formed a strong link with the justice system
A fundamental component of modern imprisonment is rehabilitation, or trying to re-educate and re-socialize inmates so that they can grow to accept society’s values and norms
+Symbolic Interactionism- Max Weber
Developed by Max WeberGerman late 1800s, early
1900s work
Began as a Conflict theorist; shifted his ideas, methods of social science
+Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionists believe humans have complex brains and the interpretation of daily stimuli occurs through the attachment of personalized meanings (e.g.) One sibling might interpret their visit to the
cottage with their mother as terrible, while the other sibling might have thought it was fine
Focus on how individuals process and interpret society beyond its institutions to form values
As a result, Symbolic Interactionists focus research on the human mind rather than social structures
+Con’t…
People’s actions are based on understandings of meanings of the particular situation– the “definition of the situation.”
It is essentially how we as individuals process and interpret what we observe in society, not society’s institutions, that form the core of our value system.
+Sybolic Interactionism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFQIIM8IRZU
+Symbolic Interactionism – George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) See sociology as the study
of one’s own and others’ beliefs, motives, values
Interactionists study the meanings people give to their society How do we experience,
interpret reality?
Reality is defined by context, experience, through social interactions and rituals
+Symbolic Interactionism – Charles Cooley (1864-1929)
Key idea of the “looking-glass self”
People develop self-image from the way they think others see them
“Self-fulfilling prophecy”: seek experiences that reinforce our self-image
Examples??
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Write down what these things mean to you- the first thing you think of when you think of this thing. We are going to share these with the class so don’t make them too private or embarrassing!
-Snow-Hot chocolate-Bed-Hugs-Books-School-Travelling-Fashion-Christmas -Mother
+Conflict Theory/Neo-Marxism
Developed by Karl Marx, mid 1800s; German
Basis of the theory founded in the political/economic theory of communism
Social order is maintained by domination, with power in the hands of those with the greatest political, economic, and social resources.
+Con’t
According to conflict theory, inequality exists because those in control of a disproportionate share of society’s resources actively defend their advantages.
Groups and individuals advance their own interests, struggling over control of societal resources. Those with the most resources exercise power over others with inequality and power struggles result. There is great attention paid to class, race and gender because they are seen as the grounds of the most enduring struggles in society.
+Conflict theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoEuHwkbhYM
+Feminist Theory
Feminist Theorists focus on sex and gender issues – extension of Conflict Theory
Believe that women have traditionally been disadvantaged in society because men have discriminated against them
Since men have traditionally made the decisions in within society, they tend to favour men Liberal feminism emphasizes better-paid and prestigious jobs to
women and the elimination of laws discriminating against social rights of women
Marxian feminists believe women’s unpaid / undervalued domestic work has influenced lower wages to male workers
Radical feminists believe child bearing has led to systematic oppression by men
Socialist feminists try to separate issues of oppression that stem from male domination through capitalism
+Feminist theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xorqPUYu_SE
+Structural-Functionalism
Belief that each society should provide its members with the fundamental requirements for functioning fulfilling material needs socializing and educating youth regulating reproduction (usually marriage)
Argue that societies remain stable by its members sharing values and agree on ways that its institutions operate. Change is slow, then society stable.
When change occurs in one part, there is change in another. During times rapid change, the danger is that sometimes institutions fail to fulfill their function.
+Structural Functionalism explained
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jOZqVnQmdY&list=PLoJ_QXA_euCruwIzDppFtdtDZHlOTAypd
