Who? What do they do? Governor -Appoints Councils

-Passes laws

Executive Council -Apply the laws, ex: make sure road are built

Legislative Council -Approve or modify bills-They are appointed.

Legislative Assembly -Pass laws, propose taxes-They are elected.

Legislative Assembly

ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE

Legislative Council

APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR

Elected: means that the population voted to have these people in government.

Appointed: means that someone else put them in that position, they are chosen.

Revenue: is when you receive money, ex: from taxes.

Expense: is when you spend money, ex: on roads.

For a law to be passed:

It had to be voted on by the majority of the Legislative Assembly.

The Legislative Council had to approve then send it to the Governor.

If the Governor did not like it, you had to start the whole thing over again!

English wanted◦Taxes for roads◦Taxes on land◦Build canals, bridges, etc.

French wanted to keep ◦Seigneurial system◦French civil laws◦Taxes on business

Even if the Legislative Assembly can make laws, both the Executive Council and Governor can veto those laws.

VETO means to overturn a law.

The French want their elected Assembly to have more power.

1800 Lower Canada has 160 000 peopleUpper Canada has 20 000 people

1815       1st wave of immigration     Irish, Scots, English, all looking for a better life

1820-1850 1 million new people are competing for jobs, bringing in disease, overcrowding the land

1840 Lower Canada has 717 000Upper Canada à 432 000

1851 Lower Canada has 890 000Upper Canada has 950 000

The United States and Britainfought a from 1812 to 1814.It was fought over control ofthe British North Americancolonies.

Although outnumbered, combined British, Canadian and Indian forces were able to repel the American invasion.

The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1814.

As the situation was balanced, there was no exchange of territory.

So why is it important? The conflict was an important event in

establishing a Canadian identity and reinforcing ties with Britain.

By late 1837, a number of factors pushed Lower Canada into armed insurrection:

The poor international economy of the 1830s.

Crop failures in parts of Lower Canada in 1837, which left many farmers near starvation.

An increase in immigration from the British Isles.

An outbreak of cholera (a disease), brought by immigrants.

o Papineau was the leader of the Parti Canadien, which later became the Parti Patriote.

o He wrote the 92 Resolutions, demanding changes in the government.

In March 1837, the Russell Resolutions rejected all the major demands of the Patriotes.

The Patriotes began to boycott British goods and organize rallies. Preparations began for armed insurrection.

The government attempted to arrest the leaders of the Parti Patriote. The leaders

fled to the countryside and the rebellion began.

Most of the fighting took place in three main battles: the Battle of St-Denis (which was won by the rebels), the Battle of St-Charles and the Battle of St-Eustache (both won by British forces).

Because the government had anticipated the insurrection and had moved troops into the province, the rebellion was quickly crushed.

Papineau and other nationalist leaders fled to the United States. Many of the rebels who fled found support there.

In November 1838, they returned to Lower Canada with hopes of sparking a mass uprising. Once again, they were quickly suppressed.