行動 WiMAX 系統設計最新動向

© USI proprietary and confidentialASE Group

行動 WiMAX 系統設計最新動向V.1.0 2008-10-30 環隆電氣無線通訊產品事業處劉尚淳

© USI proprietary and confidential 2

行動 WiMAX 系統架構設計與規格剖析

資料來源：資策會


WiMAX Devices Evolving

WiMAX Devices

Form Factor

Outdoor ModemIndoor Modem/IAD

Mini Card(MC/HMC)USB

Express Card (EC)Others

SiP ModuleOn-board Design


目前 WiMAX 16e 技術上遇到的問題• 從 M-Taiwan & US Sprint Deployment Status 知道 :

– WiMAX 骨幹 (Backbone) 建設還未成熟– WiMAX 網路涵蓋範圍不夠廣– 基站 (BS ) 安裝密度不夠– 用戶端 (MS ）的發射功率不夠大– 基站 / 用戶端相容性 (IOT) 問題已逐漸解決 , 所以使用在固定式 (Fixed ) 的應用已沒甚問題 , 但 Hand Over, HARQ, QoS, Network Management 還是使移動式 (Mobility) 沒法發揮 16e 的功效 , 這個問題尤其發生在大都會 16e 的佈建– 電源消耗功率 ( IC 製程的演進及智慧型電源管理的應用 )– 導入 16m and 16j 是否能加強 16e 的功能


• 在都會區的最後一哩面臨現有寬頻有線網路 ADSL/FTTH/Cable Modem 的競爭

• 現有的 3G+ 卡產品 , 如 HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 也逐漸增強在資料Data 上載 / 下載 (Uplink/Downlink ) 的流量 , 基站（ Base Station ) 在這部份上的昇級也逐漸在進行 , 其傳輸速度即可接近 WiMAX ( HSxPA現有技術的延伸是 3G 業者想採用的 , LTE 也是未來的 4G 標準 )

• 受全球金融風暴 , 經濟不景氣 , Operator/Carrier 也會拖延 WiMAX 的怖建計劃 , 消費者也會對新產品比較保守• WiMAX 設備價格影響市場大小• WiMAX 相關應用的產品尚未到位

目前 WiMAX 16e 應用環境上遇到的問題


Mobile Technology Evolving

NOW


Future Mobile Technology – 4GLTE UMB WiMAX – 802.16m

Long Term Evolution Ultra Mobile Broadband

Camp 3GPP 3GPP2 WiMAX Forum

Base Standard OFDMA (DL)/Single-Carrier OFDMA(UL)

OFDMA S-OFDMA

DL Peak 250Mbps 288Mbps 100Mbps

UL Peak 100Mbps 75Mpbs 75Mbps

BW 1.25~20Mhz 5, 10Mhz 5,10,20Mhz

Estimate Commercial Schedule

2010 2009 2010

Technology Provider Ericsson, Nokia Qualcomm Intel/Samsung

Main Operators Verizon, AT&T (Nil) KT, Sprint, KDDI

Source: WiMAX Forum, 3GPP, 3GPP2,


Today’s Mobile TechnologyAttribute TD-SCDMA 1xEVDO Rev A HSDPA Mobile WiMAX (WiBro)

Base Standard WCDMA CDMA20004S-95 WCDMA IEEE 802.16e - 2005

Duplex Method TDD FDD FDD TDD

Downlink TDMA TDM CDM-TDM

Uplink CDMA CDMA CDMA

BW 5MHZ 1.25MHz 5.0MHz Scalable 5,7,8.75,10Mhz

Frame Size DL TBD 1.67 ms 2ms

DL TBD 6.67 ms 2,10ms

Modulation DL QPSK/8PSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM QPSK/ 16QAM/ 16QAM

Modulation UL BPSK, QPSK/8PSK BPSK, QPSK/8PSK 8PSK/QPSK QPSK/ 16QAM

Coding Turbo Turbo CC, Turbo CC, Turto

DL Peak 3.1Mbps 3.1 Mbps 14 Mbps46 Mbps, DL/UL=332 Mbps, DL/UL=1

(10 MHz BW)

UL Peak 900K 1.8 Mbps 5.8Mbps7 Mbps, DL/UL=14 Mbps, DL/UL=3

(10 MHz BW)

Main Operators China Mobile Verizon Main GSM operators inthe world KT, Sprint, KDDI,

Source: WiMAX Forum, 3GPP, 3GPP2, 2008

OFDMA

5ms TDD


16m Technology Overview• Duplex scheme – Both TDD and FDD• Normalized peak data rate

- DL >= 8.0 ( bps/HZ )- UL >= 2.8 ( bps/Hz )

• Max. data latency – 10ms• Max. handover interruption time

– Intra-frequency: 30ms– Inter-frequency: 100ms

• Modulation – DL : QPSK/16QAM/64QAM– UL : QPSK/16QAM

• Bandwidth ( BW ) – 5/10/20Mbps• Multi-antenna transmission

– DL MIMO 2 x2 ( Matrix A & Matrix B )– B eamforming ( 2 x 2 )– UL Collaborative SM for two MSs with single antenna

• Control Signaling – DL: Compressed MAP with sub-maps– UL: Initial/Periodic/Handover ranging, Bandwidth Request, Fast

Feedback/CQI channel, Sounding


應該儘快導入 16m & 16j• Multihop relay (MR) network has the following benefits:

– Throughput Enhancement – Coverage Extension– Save MS Power– Load Balancing

現行 WiMAX 網路系統布建方案之比較優點缺點功率放大器設備價格最便宜布建快速干擾訊號一併放大布建範圍不完整基地台功能完備布建範圍完整設備價格貴中繼站設備價格較便宜布建快速布建範圍完整Auto Configuration

系統複雜度增加


New IEEE WiMAX Standards 的加入項目內容狀態

802.16f• 定義管理資訊基底 (MIB)• 支援 802.16-2004 無線網路管理 • 2005年 12月標準發表

802.16g• 定義管理面相關流程與服務 ( 如系統管理、資源管理、交遞管理、互通性測試等等 )• 用於 WiMAX 網路管理之用

• 2007年 3月對 D8 進行 Sponsor Bal

lot

802.16h• 改善 WiMAX Radio Access 機制供免執照頻寬 (Unlicensed Band) 運轉之用


lot

802.16i• 802.16f 管理資訊基底 (MIB) 的修訂與補充• 支援 802.16e 無線網路管理


lot

802.16j• Multi-hop relay for WiMAX• Compatible to 802.16e MS

• 2007年 8月完成 D1

• 預定 2008年 3月發表802.16k

• Bridging extension for 802.1D to WiMAX

• 2007年 3月對 D4進行 Revcom

802.16m• Next generation of WiMAX2• 將投入 ITU 競爭 4G 標準 • 2007 年 3 月完成初版 Requirement


Relay Topology (defined in 802.16j)

Source : IEEE 802.16j TG

In-building Coverage

Coverage on Mobile Vehicle


16j Categories

• Frame structure• Network entry / Connections & addressing• BW request• Construction & transmission of MAC PDUs• Measurement & reporting• Mobility management• RRM, Scheduling & Interference control• Security• HARQ• Modulation & coding, AAS / MIMO• Others: Definitions, Evaluation methodology• Hardware cost is similar with Mobile Station


WiMAX 殺手級應用剖析Source : XOHM

• 2G/3G cellular + 16e 手持式裝置• 持續取代傳統 MMDS/LMDS 與 Propriety BWA 的市場 ( 長距離 Backhual 應用 )• Mobile TV/ VoIP /Skype /Goggle Phone 的應用


AAA

PDG

WiMAX 使用者及電信業者需求考量


Top 10 Worldwide 16e WiMAX Deployment Investment

Source: WiMAX Forum

5.Bayannt Al-OulaUS$100M

1. SprintUS$5,000M

6. BSNLUS$1,000M

3. KDDIUS$3,800M

2. TaiwanUS$660M

7 Summa TelecomUS$100M

7. BurraqUS$80M

9. Sacrtel

10. EmbratelUS$3,000M

.8. Enforta

4. TATA

.KT Wirbo


Top 7 Global WiMAX Operator Investment

County Operators BTS Vendor Investment (US$ million)

USA Sprint/ClearWire Motorola, Samsung, Nokia $5,000

Japan KDDI( UQC ) Fujitsu, Samsung $3,800

India BSNL, TATA, Reliance Telsima, SOMA, MOTO, Samsung $1,000

Taiwan大眾電信 , 創一投資 , 威邁思電信 , 大同電信 , 遠傳電信 , 威達有線電視

Motorola, NEC, Alvarion, Nortel, Alcatel-Lucent $660

Russia Scartel, Summa Telecom Samsung, Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei $100

Saudi Arabia Bayannt, Al-Oula Samsung, ZTE $100

Pakistan Burraq Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei $80

Source: World Carries, 2007, Complied by MIC, Novenber 2007The latest figures will be updatedThe Investment Assumed before 2010


4 Angles To Evaluate A Technology

– Spectral Efficiency* Increase without modifications to antenna systems* protocol and scheduling efficiency

– License Bands* paired / unpaired, FDD / TDD, use of scattered allocations

– Compatible dimensions and frequency bands– MIMO systems

* Space Time Coding (STC) to increase range* Spatial Multiplexing (SM) to increase capacity

– Smart Antennas

– Operator Profile* Greenfield or existing network

– Area Profile* Urban/suburban/rural* Indoor hot spots (pico / femto cells)

Antennas

Sites

Spectrum

*Source: “Next Generation Mobile Networks”, NGMN White Paper, Dec. 2006

Capacity

Coverage

Complexity

Cost

1

2

3

4


Technology ChoicesLTE is targeted to exceed HSPA and mobile WiMAX in all aspects, b

ut now WiMAX and HSPA still have advantage in timing leading

HSPA WiMAX LTE

Capacity

Coverage

Complexity

Cost

1

2

3

4

Source: 2008 WPBU “4G technology” by Ace; 2007 Altran Technology & Media, A Consulting Firm founded by MIT professor Arthur Dehon Little


Conclusion – Technology

• WiMAX has advantage in capacity limited scenarios– higher peak data rate– higher spectral efficiency– higher average date rate available per user

• HSPA has advantage in coverage limited scenarios– greater link budget and MAPL– greater cell range and area– more users covered per cell/sector

• LTE aims at gaining advantage over HSPA and mWiMAX in all areas – capacity, coverage and complexity

• All three technologies have their place and will co-exist in the mid-term, but 3GPP driven technologies appear firmly in the lead

• Improvements in technology performance and resulting link budget (e.g. 802.16m) can give advantage to WiMAX particularly for Greenfield operators – but LTE will have advantage of 3GPP heritage

• 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks will migrate towards OFDMA technology (e.g. LTE, CDMA Rev. C)


行動 WiMAX 新興市場商機 • 第三世界國家 , 寬頻基礎缺乏 , 即需 WiMAX當作經濟實用的 Internet 網路 , 又俱有 VoIP與 QoS 的功能• 發展中國家 , 有線寬頻建設來不及 , 直接切入 WiMAX網路是最快又最有效建置• 已發展中國家 , WiMAX提供給第二類電信業者一個與 3

G 業者競爭業務的機會• 對工業國家或極度開發國家 , WiMAX 是一個選項 , 可有可無 . 但 WiMAX就像是” 鄉村包圍城市” 的產業 ,如果能風雲湧起 , 未來必也能帶來一番榮景 .

Documents

行動 WiMAX 系統設計最新動向