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You can organize the analysis of weather and You can organize the analysis of weather and terrain primarily around the following set of terrain primarily around the following set of military considerations (KOCOA):military considerations (KOCOA):
Key Terrain.Key Terrain. Observation and fields of fire.Observation and fields of fire. Cover and Concealment.Cover and Concealment. Obstacles to movement.Obstacles to movement. Avenues of Approach.Avenues of Approach.
KEY TERRAINKEY TERRAIN - features must be considered in - features must be considered in formulating defensive tactics. Their selection is formulating defensive tactics. Their selection is based on the mission of the command. Tactical based on the mission of the command. Tactical use of terrain often is directed at increasing the use of terrain often is directed at increasing the ability to apply combat power. Also considered ability to apply combat power. Also considered is channeling the enemy into the beaten zone of is channeling the enemy into the beaten zone of organic weapons maintained by the battalion.organic weapons maintained by the battalion.
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OBSERVATION AND FIELDS OF FIREOBSERVATION AND FIELDS OF FIRE - are - are so closely related that they are considered so closely related that they are considered together. Fields of fire are based on observation together. Fields of fire are based on observation because a target must be seen to bring effective because a target must be seen to bring effective fire on it. The highest terrain features are fire on it. The highest terrain features are generally ideal for observation. However, during generally ideal for observation. However, during times of poor visibility, positions in low areas times of poor visibility, positions in low areas that the enemy must pass through may provide that the enemy must pass through may provide better observation.better observation.
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COVER AND CONCEALMENTCOVER AND CONCEALMENT - is used - is used together to provide protection from the effects of together to provide protection from the effects of fire and observation. Cover is protection from fire and observation. Cover is protection from the effects of fire. Areas that provide cover from the effects of fire. Areas that provide cover from direct fire may or may not protect against the direct fire may or may not protect against the effects of indirect fire. Concealment is the effects of indirect fire. Concealment is the protection from observation or surveillance both protection from observation or surveillance both air and ground. Terrain that provides air and ground. Terrain that provides concealment may or may not provide cover.concealment may or may not provide cover.
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OBSTACLESOBSTACLES - are anything, including a natural - are anything, including a natural or artificial terrain feature, that stops, impedes, or or artificial terrain feature, that stops, impedes, or diverts military movement. Entanglements are diverts military movement. Entanglements are set up as obstacles along the FLOT or the set up as obstacles along the FLOT or the defensive perimeter to channel the enemy into the defensive perimeter to channel the enemy into the beaten zone of various weapons held by the beaten zone of various weapons held by the defending unit.defending unit.
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AVENUES OF APPROACHAVENUES OF APPROACH - are routes the - are routes the enemy is likely to travel to reach its objective. enemy is likely to travel to reach its objective. When setting up the defensive positions, you When setting up the defensive positions, you must visualize all possible enemy avenues of must visualize all possible enemy avenues of approach into the area.approach into the area.
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Under Ideal terrain conditions units can Under Ideal terrain conditions units can cover the following:cover the following:
Battalion - 2500 to 2700 Meters.Battalion - 2500 to 2700 Meters. Company - 750 to 900 Meters.Company - 750 to 900 Meters.
Platoon - 400 Meters.Platoon - 400 Meters. Squad - 150 Meters.Squad - 150 Meters.
A Sector of Fire is an area assigned to an A Sector of Fire is an area assigned to an individual, unit, or crew served weapon to defend.individual, unit, or crew served weapon to defend.
It is a pie shaped section with edges that are It is a pie shaped section with edges that are known as lateral limits.known as lateral limits.
Lateral limits extend from the firing position to an Lateral limits extend from the firing position to an easily identifiable terrain feature.easily identifiable terrain feature.
Sectors of fire must interlock to ensure mutual Sectors of fire must interlock to ensure mutual support by adjacent units. support by adjacent units.
Left Lateral Limit Right Lateral Limit
Sector of Fire
A fighting position is a location on the ground A fighting position is a location on the ground from which fire is delivered by and individual, a from which fire is delivered by and individual, a fire unit (squad or fire team), or a crew served fire unit (squad or fire team), or a crew served weapon. Before you select a fighting position, weapon. Before you select a fighting position, the assigned sector of fire is carefully examined the assigned sector of fire is carefully examined from various locations. Examining is done in the from various locations. Examining is done in the prone position to ensure effective coverage of the prone position to ensure effective coverage of the sector of fire.sector of fire.
There are three classifications of fighting There are three classifications of fighting positions.positions.
Primary - The best position from which the Primary - The best position from which the sector of fire can be covered.sector of fire can be covered.
Alternate - A fall back position that covers the Alternate - A fall back position that covers the same sector of fire as the primary.same sector of fire as the primary.
Supplementary - Fighting positions used to Supplementary - Fighting positions used to cover a units flanks and rear.cover a units flanks and rear.
PrimaryPrimary
AlternateAlternate
SupplementarySupplementary
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SQUAD
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PLATOON
M16 - 1160M16 - 1160 M9 - 100M9 - 100 M500 - 12M500 - 12 M60 - 18M60 - 18 M203 - 35M203 - 35 M224 - 8 M224 - 8
Crew Serve WeaponsCrew Serve Weapons - consist of the M-60, M-2, M- - consist of the M-60, M-2, M-224, MK-19, and the AT-4. Just as the Automatic Rifle 224, MK-19, and the AT-4. Just as the Automatic Rifle is the backbone of a squad or fire team, these weapons is the backbone of a squad or fire team, these weapons are the backbone of the entire Battalions defense. are the backbone of the entire Battalions defense. Having said this keep in mind that crew serve weapons Having said this keep in mind that crew serve weapons will travel outside of a squad, platoon and company will travel outside of a squad, platoon and company fire plan. All crew serve weapons must interlock with fire plan. All crew serve weapons must interlock with one another to provide full frontal coverage. one another to provide full frontal coverage.
Maximum Range: 3725 Meters.Maximum Range: 3725 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 1100 MetersMaximum Effective Range: 1100 Meters
Grazing Fire 600 Meters.Grazing Fire 600 Meters.
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
Maximum Range: 6800 Meters.Maximum Range: 6800 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 1830 MetersMaximum Effective Range: 1830 Meters
Grazing Fire: 1000 MetersGrazing Fire: 1000 Meters
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
Final Protective Line and Principle Direction Final Protective Line and Principle Direction of Fireof Fire - It is preferred that you utilize a Final - It is preferred that you utilize a Final Protective Line to ensure maximum coverage Protective Line to ensure maximum coverage across the front of your positions. However if across the front of your positions. However if the terrain will not allow you to use an FPL the terrain will not allow you to use an FPL then you must utilize a PDF. then you must utilize a PDF.
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Maximum Range: 2212 Meters.Maximum Range: 2212 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 1500 MetersMaximum Effective Range: 1500 Meters
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
Maximum Range: 2100 Meters.Maximum Range: 2100 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 300 MetersMaximum Effective Range: 300 Meters
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
Maximum Range: 3534 Meters.Maximum Range: 3534 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 550 Meters Point Maximum Effective Range: 550 Meters Point and 800 Meters Area.and 800 Meters Area.
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
Usually a PO3 with a fully auto M-16. The AR Usually a PO3 with a fully auto M-16. The AR should be the only ones with their weapons on should be the only ones with their weapons on auto.auto.
Backbone of the Fire Team, providing heavy Backbone of the Fire Team, providing heavy fire power.fire power.
Acts as the Assistant Fire Team Leader.Acts as the Assistant Fire Team Leader.
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Triple Strand ConcertinaTriple Strand Concertina - This fence consist of - This fence consist of two lines of concertinas serving as a base, with a two lines of concertinas serving as a base, with a third lines resting on top. All lines are installed third lines resting on top. All lines are installed with staggered joints. Each line is completed with staggered joints. Each line is completed before the next line is started, so a partially before the next line is started, so a partially completed concertina entanglement presents completed concertina entanglement presents some obstruction. It is erected quickly and is some obstruction. It is erected quickly and is difficult to cross, cut, or crawl through.difficult to cross, cut, or crawl through.
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Supplementary - Used to Supplementary - Used to break up the pattern of Tactical break up the pattern of Tactical Wire.Wire.
Tactical - Used to hamper Tactical - Used to hamper enemy aggression and channel enemy aggression and channel the enemy into your crew served the enemy into your crew served weapons.weapons.
Protective - Prevents close Protective - Prevents close surprise attacks, placed along surprise attacks, placed along the FLOT 50 - 100 Meters out.the FLOT 50 - 100 Meters out.
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Maximum Range: 3490 Meters.Maximum Range: 3490 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 3490 MetersMaximum Effective Range: 3490 Meters
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol: 60
Point Target
Linear Target
Area Target
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Maximum Range: 400 Meters.Maximum Range: 400 Meters.
Maximum Effective Range: 150 Meters Point Maximum Effective Range: 150 Meters Point and 350 Meters Area.and 350 Meters Area.
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol: 40
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The M88 Detector responds to
NERVENERVE & & MUSTARDMUSTARDagent vapors to the lowest hazard level that could
affect personnel over a short period.
The M88 is Used:
• By front line troops to detect incoming chemical agents• To provide early warning to rear echelon troops• To monitor the air during decontamination operations
The M88 is made up of:
• M22 Detector Unit
• M42 Remote Alarm
• M28 Power Source
WIN
D
...M-42 alarms can be a max distance of 400M from the M-22
… …
M22 M22
M-42M-42 M-42M-42 M-42 M-42M-42 M-42M-42 M-42
150M
300M max
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Steel fragments can travel up to 250 Meters.Steel fragments can travel up to 250 Meters. Fragments are moderately effective up to 100 Fragments are moderately effective up to 100
Meters. Meters. Optimum effectiveness is within 50 Meters.Optimum effectiveness is within 50 Meters.
Weapons Symbol: Weapons Symbol:
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The TA-312 is a 2 wire tactical phone.The TA-312 is a 2 wire tactical phone. Talks up to 14 miles wet and up to 22 miles dry.Talks up to 14 miles wet and up to 22 miles dry. Operates on two “D” cell batteries.Operates on two “D” cell batteries. Has a press to talk handset.Has a press to talk handset. Must hand crank to call distant stations.Must hand crank to call distant stations. Can talk up to 4 miles in ear piece with dead Can talk up to 4 miles in ear piece with dead
batteries.batteries.
Hand held communication device.Hand held communication device. Uses WD-1 wire.Uses WD-1 wire. Talks 4 - 7 Miles.Talks 4 - 7 Miles. Squeeze signal generator.Squeeze signal generator. Press to talk button.Press to talk button. Light weight and easy to store.Light weight and easy to store. Normally configured in a gun loop.Normally configured in a gun loop.
Operator Maintenance:Operator Maintenance: Remove dirt and moisture from housing, Remove dirt and moisture from housing,
handset, cord, or connector. Inspect painted handset, cord, or connector. Inspect painted surfaces for bare spots, rust or corrosion. Inspect surfaces for bare spots, rust or corrosion. Inspect surface for cuts or cracks.surface for cuts or cracks.
Inspect handset cord for breaks, cuts or Inspect handset cord for breaks, cuts or deterioration. Inspect for inoperative binding deterioration. Inspect for inoperative binding post, broken connector, or hand set connection.post, broken connector, or hand set connection.
Comp CP
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TA- 312
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TA- 312TA- 312
TA- 312
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PLATOON
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TA-1
TA-1 TA-1
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TA- 31240
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M-60 M-2
M-203
Fire Team Position
Squad Position
Company Position
Platoon Position
Mine
AT-4 MK-19
M-22440 60
