{Your Turn…

More important stuff from Chapter 12

I am about to show you many important concepts in Chapter 12

I have a dice (die?) of death (death) I will roll this 20-sided die of death. Whichever concepts

you roll, you get…plus your most important thing If your most important thing is the same as your rolled

number, it’s your lucky day because you should know it. I want to mix things up today, so here are your partners:

Lauren-Hannah Kovach, Dana-Chris, Abhishek (did I spell that wrong?—it’s off the top of my head)-Hannah Noser, Dan-Sam, Jeremy-Alec…Sarah is boycotting (or running)

Your homework assignment is to email me your answers by Monday at 7:20, so I can compile it for you on Monday, so you can study it for the test on Tuesday and WednesdayIt’s Friday!...but the

weekend ain’t here yet…

1. The pyramidal structure of Italian society in the Renaissance 2. The types of people in the 3rd estate, and those people’s roles 3. The types of people in the “Non-estate” (outside of the estate system) and

their roles 4. The major Italian families and their roles 5. The concept of city-states in Italian society 6. The concept of an ambassador in Italian society as compared to the concept

of an ambassador today (Yea! Higher level thinking!) 7. The importance of Machiavelli’s The Prince and its message 8. The concept of Neoplatonism, who used it, and its importance 9. The concept of Hermeticism, who used it, and its importance 10. The importance of Liberal Studies during the Renaissance and how it

relates to today’s concept of a liberal arts college (Yea! Higher level thinking!) 11. The goals of the Humanist schools for the majority and for the 2 girls that

went there 12. The ways that secularism crept into society through Humanism 13. The importance of the printing press in the future 14. The strengthening of the French Crown during this time 15. The strengthening of the English Crown during this time 16. The strengthening of the Spanish Crown and unification of Spain 17. The importance of the Inquisition in Spanish society and its affect on

religion 18. The importance of Habsburg rule in the Holy Roman Empire and other

countries’ worries about them 19. The Lollards and Hussites’ heretical views 20. The importance of music during the Renaissance

Your Mission…

1) During the renaissance, the social structure called the three estates. There were the Clergy, (religious figures) Nobles, (who protected the city and provided justice) then lastly the Peasants. (everyday people.) the majority of the people, over 95% of the population, were in the third estate. The second estate, which made up 2 to 3% of the population. Then the first estate was the clergy which made up 1 to 2% of the population. –Dana/Chris

1. The pyramidal structure of Italian society in the Renaissance

2.) The changing status of the Third Estate, or the peasants and townspeople, because their new social freedom represented the end of serfdom. –Lauren/Hannah

2. The types of people in the 3rd estate, and those people’s roles

3. The primary group within the "non-estate" were the slaves.  Their role in society was to be skilled workers, to make hand-crafted goods for their masters, and to be household workers. Girls served as nursemaids and boys as playmates. Slavery grew due to Florence authorizing unlimited importation of slaves, but demand later fell because they were seen as the "domestic enemy" –Jereme/Alec

3. The types of people in the “Non-estate” (outside of the estate system) and their roles

4.) The role of the Italian family because the bond of the family was very important to Italian culture and provided security through the transition from the dark Middle Ages into the revival of the Renaissance. –Lauren/Hannah

Medici’s Sforza’s Borgia’s Castiglione Strozzi’s Rucellai’s

4. The major Italian families and their roles

5. Italian city-states and their importance    -cultural center for the flourishment

(not a real word) of Renaissance    -5 major city states-Milan, Venice,

Florence, Papal States, and Naples    -gave rise to important noble families

such as Medici's    -were catalysts for the powerful

monarchies and the struggle between them –Hannah/Abhishek (apparently also not a real word…)

5. The concept of city-states in Italian society

6. During the Middle Ages, ambassadors were used on a temporary basis and were servants of Christianity. During Italian Renaissance, the focus in ambassadors changed and focused more on welfare and security of their nation. Today's ambassadors are more similar to ambassadors during the Renaissance by focusing more on security than religion. –Hannah/Abhishek

6. The concept of an ambassador in Italian society as compared to the concept of an ambassador today (Yea! Higher level thinking!)

7. Machiavelli's The Prince was important because it reflected his views on political power in the western world. It also integrated many realistic concepts which are essential for ruling a population. His main thesis is that it is better to be feared than loved. He also believed that rulers should do whatever they deem necessary to the welfare of their nation. –Hannah/Abhishek

7. The importance of Machiavelli’s The Prince and its message

 Neoplatonism is a thought form rooted in the philosophy of Plato. This was commonly used by artists, including Boticelli. Botticelli used neoplatonism in his famous painting of the Sistine Chapel. However as the Renaissance progressed, the idea of humanism became more popular than Neoplatonism. –Sam/Dan

The idea of people created equal; based on the theory of spiritual love and an idea of a hierarchy of substances with humans in the middle, God above, and plants below

8. The concept of Neoplatonism, who used it, and its importance

9. The concept of Hermeticism was to reach union with God through your body and soul.  Hermeticism was about regaining human kind's original divinity. There were two types of Hermetic manuscripts.  One type stressed the occult sciences, which focused on astrology, alchemy, and magic.  The other type focused on theological and philosophical beliefs and speculations.  Some major people who were involved with Hermeticism were Marsilio Ficino, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, and Giordano Bruno.  Hermeticism was important because it was a major product of the Florentine intellectual environment which helped to shape how people lived in the late fifteenth century. –Jereme/Alec

9. The concept of Hermeticism, who used it, and its importance

The purpose of a liberal education was thus to produce individuals who followed a path of virtue and wisdom and posses the rhetorical skills with which to persuade others to do the same. –Sam/Dan

10. The importance of Liberal Studies during the Renaissance and how it relates to today’s concept of a liberal arts college (Yea! Higher level thinking!)

11.) The goals of the Humanist schools because they provided an educational system that produced virtuous and wise individuals prepared to be leaders in society as well as revealing the opinion of the roles of gender in Renaissance society.  –Lauren/Hannah

The two girls were children of nobles with influence; otherwise females did not receive and were not allowed to receive education

11. The goals of the Humanist schools for the majority and for the 2 girls that went there

12.) The secularism that humanism brought forth in Renaissance society because it led to the eventual separation of church and state in Italy, beginning with the process of how history was recorded.  –Lauren/Hannah

12. The ways that secularism crept into society through Humanism

13. The printing press was extremely important in fifteenth century Europe. Having been perfected by Johannes Gutenberg, the printing press became one of the largest industries in Europe and drastically changed European life.  The printing of books encouraged the development of scholarly research and created a desire to obtain knowledge.  Printing encouraged cooperation between scholars and helped produce standardized and definitive texts.  –Jereme/Alec

13. The importance of the printing press in the future

14.   The Hundred Years' War had left France in need of recovery. The decreased population, empty farmlands, and independent nobles made it difficult for the kings to assert their authority, however it also left a large sense of nationalism. The French people now had a common enemy that the kings used to reestablish their power.

   As an attempt to prosecute the war, King Charles VII established a royal army, and got the right to levy a tax on land or property. After he died and Louis XI took over, the tax became more permanent and created a regular source of income that helped develop France as a territorial state. –Dana/Chris

14. The strengthening of the French Crown during this time

15.   After the Hundred Years' War ended in England, a civil war broke out between two noble families, the house of Lancaster and the house of York. Many aristocratic families in England became involved with the conflict. Then, Henry Tudor, the duke of Richmond, defeated the last Yorkist king and established the Tudor dynasty.

   Henry VII worked hard to establish a strong monarchial government, and he ended private wars of the nobility by abolishing the practice in which aristocrats had private armies of followers that were supposed to help service their lord. 

   Henry VII was very successful in gaining income from traditional financial resources. He used diplomacy to avoid expensive wars, and did not overburden the middle class with high taxes, which won their favor and provided him with support for his monarchy. –Dana/Chris

15. The strengthening of the English Crown during this time

It started with the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Argon in 1469 which created a dynastic union. The two rulers worked to strengthen royal control of government, especially in Castile. They also created the Spanish Catholic Church, and expelled all non-converted Jews and Muslims which was part of the Inquisition. The common catholic faith of Spain helped unite the people as a whole. –Sam/Dan

16. The strengthening of the Spanish Crown and unification of Spain

17. The Inquisition in Spain society was important because it harshly caused the persecution of Jews. As a result, it is estimated that 150,000 out of possibly 200,000 Jews fled. Policy used during the Inquisition was that there was no freedom of religion. –Hannah/Abhishek

17. The importance of the Inquisition in Spanish society and its affect on religion

Much of Habsburg's success was not due to military success, but to a well-executed policy of dynastic marriages. The most important marriage was between Maximilian and Mary who was the daughter of duke Charles the bold of burgundy. Due to this marriage they gained Franche-Comte in east central France, Luxembourg, and a large part of the Low Countries. The addition of these territories made the Habsburg dynasty an international power and brought it the undying opposition of the French monarchy because the rulers of France feared they would be surrounded by the Habsburgs.

–Sam/Dan

18. The importance of Habsburg rule in the Holy Roman Empire and other countries’ worries about them

19. Lollardy and Wyclif were disgusted with the clerical corruption and therefore set out to attack papal authority.  Wyclif said that there was no basis in Scripture for papal claims to temporal authority and wanted the popes to be stripped of their authority and property.  Wyclif condemned pilgrimages, the veneration of saints, and many other rituals and rites. The Lollards were the followers of Wyclif.  The Lollards ideas spread to Bohemia where the Hussites wanted to end the corruption of the clergy and attacked the fact that the papacy had so much power. –Jereme/Alec

19. The Lollards and Hussites’ heretical views

20) The changes in music was the first time that there was no religious influence in music. Music then wasn't used only in the service of god. Even though non-secular music began, the church was the main influence in music. In Italy and France, the main form od music was the madrigal. It was, normally, a poem about emotions or "erotic love." Text painting also began in this period. Text painting was the method to portray the meaning of the world. Ex: water would have a more wavelike sound/motion. –Dana/Chris

20. The importance of music during the Renaissance