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8/9/2019 0. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance System v1.2
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www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Basic Knowledge of VideoSurveillance System
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 1
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to know:
Video surveillance systems at different development stages.
Typical video surveillance solutions.
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2
Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Security
1.1.2 Video Surveillance
1.1.3 Security Development Requirements
1.2 Video Surveillance Concept
1.3 Video Surveillance Development
2. Video Surveillance Solution
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3
To satisfy people's growing demands on security, an in-depth analysis of potential security threatshelps promote the development of security protection.
Industrial accidents
Traffic accidents
Equipment accidents City fires...
Terrorist attacks
National defense
Mass incidents Crimes...
Malicious threats
Environmental damages
Chemical pollutions
Forest fires Natural disasters...
Public security Environment security
Accidents Oceans, rivers, forests, and mountains
1.1.1 Security: Important Factor Influential tothe Social Life
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With the social progress, security protection has
evolved from personnel protection and physical
protection to technical protection, that is,
performing security protection with the help of
scientific means.
As video images are instant, accurate, and
contain rich information, video surveillance
becomes undoubtedly the main means of
technical protection.
1.1.2 Video Surveillance: Major Technical
Protection Means
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 5
The traditional video surveillance cannot meet the security protection requirements of different
industries and customers unless it is combined with new technologies such as high-definition
(HD) display, intelligent applications, and mobile networks.
Intelligent analysisCompre
hensiveand
intelligentvideosurveillance
Mobile surveillance
Command center
HD videosurveillance
Integrating
abundant
technologies
Applying to
multiplescenarios
Government Frontier defense
Medical serviceFinance
Electric power
Public security
Traffic Petroleum industry
Education
1.1.3 Security Development Requirements
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6
Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
1.1 Background
1.2 Video Surveillance Concept
1.3 Video Surveillance Development
2. Video Surveillance Solution
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7
1.2 Video Surveillance Concept
Definition
Video surveillance system is an electronic system or network
system using video technology to detect and monitor
specified areas, display and record live video, and retrieve
and playback historical video.
Video surveillance system is a sub-system of security
system.
Video surveillance technology is a part of the security
technology.
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Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
1.1 Background
1.2 Video Surveillance Concept
1.3 Video Surveillance Development
1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System
1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System
1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System
1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance System
2. Video Surveillance Solution
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 9
Intelligent video surveillance system Behavior analysis Intelligent search Diverse access methods Millions of cameras
Traditional analog CCTV system Analog cameras Monitor (CRT) Tape Recorder (VCR)
Analog + digital surveillancesystem Analog cameras DVR/DVS Local digital hard disk
storage
Networked video surveillance system Core IP networks Advanced video compression format Integrating new Internet technologies Operation, management, storage functions Thousands of cameras
7070--90s90s
19991999
20042004
20072007
Direction of development: analog -> digital -> network -> intelligent
Current development stage
20102010
First GenerationFirst Generation Second GenerationSecond Generation Third GenerationThird Generation Fourth GenerationFourth Generation
1.3 Video Surveillance Development
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1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System
Problems:
1. Limited transmission distance, applying for small-sizedsurveillance area.
2. Unstable image signals that are easily affected by interference.
3. Weak scalability, high storage costs, and complex maintenancework.
4. Unavailable alarm linkage function.
Advantages:
1. Analog transmission of video signals.
2. Analog storage of video signals.
VCR
Video source Transmission Switch and control
Cable
Control keyboard
Video and audiostorage
Video
display
Matrix
Opticalfiber
Video
display
Opticaltransceiver
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 11
Advantages:
1. Simplified system architecture.
2. No limitation on transmission distance (for viewing)
3. Digital image compression, reducing storage costs.
4. Simple network and easy control and management.
Problems:
1. Poor storage security and stability.
2. Dispersed PUs, making it difficult to manage PUs in a unifiedmanner.
3. Difficult to establish a large-scale network and implementremote surveillance.
1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System
CU 1 CU12
4/8/16 channel DVR
Audio signals
Video signals
Multiple users can access the DVR
at the same time according tohardware performance
Monitor
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 12
1. The PUs are IP cameras (IPCs) that can perform signal compression coding by itself and output digital signals.
2. The digital signals are transmitted to surveil lance center through IP network.3. The surveillance center manages, forwards, stores, and decodes and displays video signals in a unified manner.
4. The NVR is used for video storage.5. The decoder can convert digital signals into analog signals and output the signals to the video wall.
6. The network keyboard can be used to switch and control the video decoding and display (displaying the video fromany IPC to the video wall and control ling the PTZ)
1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System
NVR Network VideoRecorder
Mgt.Server
Switch
IP camera with PTZ
TV wallDecoder
ClientIP box camera
IP dome camera
MediaDistributionServer
Network
Keyboard
NETWORK Switch
StorageServer
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 13
Video quality diagnosis
Behavior analysis Facial recognition
Videosurveillance
platform
Client
Alarm center
911
Surveillance center
1. Intelligent video analysis and intelligent alarm linkage.
2. Automatic alarm reporting and alarm linkage.
3. Higher third-party service integration scalability.
4. Change from passive surveillance to active surveillance.
Alarm information
reporting
1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance SystemIntelligent analysis
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Video surveillance
platform
Video
archiving
Frame extraction
storage
Full video
storage
Disk array
Surveillancesite
1. Video buffering ensures v ideo completeness even when PUs are disconnected fr om the eSpace IVS platform.
2. Frame extraction storage based on the specified storage policy helps reduce stored video information and conserve videostorage space.
3. The video archiving function analyzes recorded video that has been stored for a specified time period, and retains only the pre-
alarm, alarm, and post-alarm video segments, conserving video storage space.
4. Only video segments in which movements are detected are available for viewing, w hich saves viewing time and enhances workefficiency.
Video
buffering
Intelligent storage
1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance System
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 15
Contents
1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance Products
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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Huawei Video Surveillance Products
Front end
Analog camera + encoder
DVRVideo server
SD IPC
Infraredbox
wirelesscamera
Super wideDynamic camera
IR dome Dome High speed IRDome camera
HD IPC
HD wide
Dynamic cameraHD camera
LTE wirelesscamera
High speedhemisphere
HD domecamera
High speeddome camera
Platform
NVR6128(128channel))
NVR6016(16 channel)
NVR6032(32 channel)
NVR6008(8 channel)
VCN3000(256channel))
Monitoring
platforms
IVS1.1
Applicationsolutions
Securitymonitoring
Directcenter
Safe city
Urbanroad
Trackmonitoring
Intelligenttransportation
Governmentemergency
Policeemergency
Emergencycommand
Industrialgarden
Airports,campus
Campussecurity
Small platform Media platform Large platform
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 17
Contents
1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.2.1 Camera Imaging Principle
2.2.2 Camera Performance Parameters
2.2.3 Camera Classification
2.2.4 Camera Fittings
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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Camera
2.2 Camera Overview
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 19
2.2.1 Analog Camera
Components:
Lens, image sensor (CCD/CMOS), DSP processor, and circuit system.
Principle:
An object reflects light to the lens, focusing on CCD/CMOS chip. The analog signal
generated by the image sensor is converted into a digital signal through the
analog/digital converter, and then processed by a built-in DSP chip of the camera,
such as gain control, noise reduction, backlight compensation. The processed digital
signal is then converted into an analog signal before the output.
Imagesensor
conversion(A/D)
Gain Backlight Noisereduction
conversion(D/A)
DVSDVR
Signalprocessing
Analogoutput
Analog-digital conversionEncoding compressionStore-and-forward
CCD/CMOS
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 20
2.2.1 IPC
IPC:
IPCs, integrating a variety of functions including video/audio capture, signal
processing, coding compression, intelligent analysis, buffer storage, and network
transmission, can establish a large-scaled and distributed intelligent video surveillance
system in combination with a recording system and a management platform. In terms
of function, an IPC can be regarded as an analog camera plus a DVS.
Principle:
The principle is: The light passes through the lens, enters the sensor, and then is
converted into a digital signal through the analog/digital converter. The built-in signal
processor first processes the digital signal, then the encoding compression chip
performs coding compression on the digital signal, and finally the digital signal is sent
to the network for transmission through a network interface.
ImageSensor
CCD/CMOS
conversion(A/D)
Signalprocessing
Networktransmission
NVR
Signal processing
IP output
Encodingcompression
IP camera
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 21
2.2.1 Comparison Between AnalogCameras and IPCs
IPC Analog camera
Core TechnologyPhotosensitive device, video analysis andencoding algorithms, and compression chip
Optical lens and imaging device
Image Quality Megapixels Close to 400,000 pixels
Storage Medium Hard drive Tape recorder or DVR
Connection Mode Network cable Power cable, video cable, and control line
CostsCost-effectiveness in terms ofcomprehensive network establishment
Cost-effectiveness in terms of single-devicepurchase
Scenario Various scenarios with network access Various scenarios
Audio Support Bidirectional audio Not supported
ApplicationLow application rate but showing stronggrowth momentum
Widely used but at decreasing growth rate
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 22
2.2.1 Camera Technical Specifications
Parameter Description
Imagesensor size
The image sensor converts the light signals into electrical charge. Its size determines its
sensitivity to light, thereby determining the image quality. Its aspect ratio is usually 4:3. Thetypical size of the image sensor is 1 inch, 1/2 inch, 1/3 inch, and 1/4 inch.
Definition
Camera definition is represented by lines, divided into horizontal and vertical lines. In practical
application, horizontal lines are often used as the definition indicator. More lines indicate higherdefinition. The definition of a black and white camera is 450600, while the definition of a color
camera is 330480. A larger number indicates a higher definition. Generally, 450-line definition
can meet the requirements of most scenarios. Special scenarios such as medical industry andimage processing may use cameras with 450- line definition to obtain clearer images.
ResolutionImage resolution is represented by the number of points in the horizontal and vertical directions.For example, 1280 x 720, where "1280" indicates 1280 horizontal points and "720" indicates 720
vertical points on the screen. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image.
Lowest
illuminance
Luminance is the measurement of sensitivity unit of a camera (lux), that is, the lowest light
degree under which condition a camera can shoot images. A small value of lux indicates that a
camera can shoot clear images under the corresponding low light condition. While testing the
lowest illuminance value, one must pay attention to the lens aperture size. The smaller the Fvalue, the larger the aperture, and the lower the illuminance requirement. For different apertures,the lowest illuminance values are different.
Signal noiseratio (SNR)
SNR is the ratio of the signal voltage to noise voltage. The noise includes power clutter, random
clutter, and others. SNR is often measured by decibel (dB). Higher signal-to-noise ratio indicatesthat it produces less clutter and ensures higher image quality. The SNR of a CCD camera is
usually 4555 dB. An SNR less than 48 dB produces poor image quality.
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 23
2.2.1 Camera Function IndicatorsParameter Description
Automatic Gain
Control (AGC)
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) increases the signal strength of security cameras when the light is
dim, and puts a cap on it when it is bright, which helps keep the output signal consistent. AGC is
used in many different electrical circuits to boost and contro l signals. It is used in video and audiosignals as well. AGC is probably best used in a video security camera for a room that may have a
little lower light than the other rooms in a building. AGC may introduce some "noise" into thevideo signal as well. Noise can appear as static artifacts in the video picture that will distort the
image. Adjusting the AGC becomes important to ensure best video image that can be obtained ina specified scenario.
Automatic White
Balance (AWB)
The basic concept of white balance is: Regardless of light source, a white object is restored as
white. For the color cast phenomenon occurring when a camera shoots images in a particularlight condition,compensation is performed through strengthening the corresponding
complementary color.Backlight
compensation(BLC)
Backlight compensation is video gain done either manually or automatically to correct the
exposure of subjects that are in front of a bright light source.
Wide Dynamic
Range (WDR)
WDR uses special CCD and DSP circuits for brighter regions and darker regions respectively,
and lays out the synthesis of these two pictures together to form an image with normalforeground and background.
Strong Light
Inhibition
The strong light inhibition technology can effectively inhibit the excessive flare caused by the
strong direct rays of light, automatically identify strong points of light, and compensate the nearbyareas of bright parts to obtain a clear image.
Day and Nightmode
In the daytime, the luminance is enough and the color mode is adopted, while at night, theluminance is low. To improve the sensitivity and image quality, the camera automatically changes
to the black and white mode.
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 24
CCD image sensor appearanceCMOS image sensor appearance
Differences between the CCD and CMOS
Parameter CCD CMOS
Photosensitivity High photosensitivity Low photosensitivity
Resolution High resolution Low resolution
SNR High SNR and color reproductionLow SNR and uneven color
reproduction
Sensitivity High sensitivity Low sensitivity
Production costsLower rate of qualified products than
the CMOS and high costsMass production and low costs
Powerconsumption
Driven by external voltage and highpower consumption
Electric charge amplification andlow power consumption
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 25
Image sensor size
The image sensor size refers to the dimensions (hx v) of the imaging area on the
image sensor. The size of the image sensor must match the lens size, but it is not
related to the resolution. The image sensor dimensions determine the lens size
and field of view.
Image sensor dimensions
The following table lists the image sensor dimensions.
Dimensions 1'' (inch) 2/3'' (inch) 1/2'' (inch) 1/3'' (inch) 1/4'' (inch)
Verticaldimension(v)
9.6 mm 6.6 mm 4.8 mm 3.6 mm 2.7 mm
Horizontaldimension(h)
12.8 mm 8.8 mm 6.4 mm 4.8 mm 3.6 mm
Diagonaldimension
16 mm 11 mm 8 mm 6 mm 4 mm
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor
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Resolution
Resolution is represented by "horizontal pixelx vertical pixel". For example, 1280 x 1024 indicates
1280 pixels in the horizontal direction and 1024 pixels in the vertical direction, totaling up to about
1.3 megapixels in an image. The earlier CCTV system supports a maximum resolution of 720 x 480
(in NTSC standard) or 720 x 576 (in PAL standard), totaling up to about 0.4 megapixels, that is, the
D1 resolution.
Mappings Between Video Formats and Video Bit Rates (in H.264 Standard)
Video ResolutionDefault Bit
Rate (Mbit/s)Bit Rate ValueRange (Mbit/s)
Remarks
1080p(1920 x 1080)
8 816 HD.
720p(1280 x 720)
4 48 HD.
D1(704 x 576)
2 1.52
Standard definition
(SD): definition of theDVD.
CIF(352 x 288)
0.5 0.3840.5Definition of the
VCD.
QCIF(176*144)
0.192 0.192
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Resolution
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 27
Illuminance
Illuminance, also called the sensitivity, is the sensitivity of the image sensor to lights, or the
lowest light condition required for the image sensor to display an image. Illuminance is
measured by lux. The smaller the value of lux is, the lower the light condition that a camera
needs to shoot clear images is, and the more sensitive the lens is.
Low-illuminance camera Common-illuminance camera
Recommended illuminance:
Starry night: 0.0010.01 lux Night with moonlight: 0.010.2 lux
Overcast (indoor): 550 lux Overcast (outdoor): 50500 lux
Sunny (indoor): 1001000 lux Sunny summer noon: 10510
9lux
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Illuminance
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28
2.2.2 Basic Functions
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 29
Chromaticityenhancement
Low illuminance
Fog penetrationImage sharpening Noise reduction
WDR
2.2.2 Image Enhancement Technology
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An image captured in the daytime An image captured at night An image captured at adistance at night
Under a common light
condition
When the WDR function is
enabled
Under a common light
condition
Too much light Insufficient lightGood image quality
2.2.2 Infrared and WDR Technologies
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 31
2.2.3 Camera Classification
Box camera Dome camera Special camera
Camera
Infrared
dome
camera
Common
domecamera
Pinholecamera
UFO-shaped
camera
Smoke
detectorcamera
Tube-shaped
camera
PTZ camera
OtherPTZ
camera
PTZdome
camera
Common
boxcamera
Infraredbox
camera
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 32
Lens
The lens functions to display the image of an object on the image sensor of a camera,
which is called optical imaging.
Imaging area size
The lens has the following types:
25. 4 mm (l inch), 16. 9 mm (2/3 inch)
12. 7 mm (1/2 inch), 8.47 mm (1/3 inch)
6.35 mm (1/4 inch)
Different lens sizes correspond to
different imaging area sizes.
The imaging area size must match the image sensor size.
2.2.4 Fittings Lens
Focus ring Aperture ring
Screw
Focus ring
Imaging area
CCD
CCD
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 33
Focal length
The focal length determines the shooting distance and angle of view. The longer the focal length is, the longer the lens
cone is. The zoom ratio indicates the ratio of a zoom lens' longest focal length to the shortest focal length.
NOTE:The shorter thefocal length is, thelarger the angle ofview is.
2.2.4 Fittings Lens
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Mapping between the zoom ratio and shooting distance
By estimation (for lenses whose size is greater
than 4 mm)
Selecting the focal length
For example, a person is 10 meters away from acamera.
To view detailed facial features of the person,
adjust the focal length to 20 mm.
To view the person's contour, adjust the focal
length to 10 mm.
To monitor the person's behaviors, adjust the
focal length to 5 mm.
Zoom RatioReflecting
Detailed ObjectFeatures From
ReflectingObject Contour
From
ReflectingBehaviors
From
10x SD 20 m 40 m 80 m
18x SD 30 m 70 m 140 m
22/23x SD 40 m 80 m 160 m
26x SD 45 m 90 m 180 m
30x SD 50 m 100 m 200 m
36x SD 60 m 120 m 240 m
1.3-megapixel18x HD
80 m 160 m 320 m
2-megapixel20x HD
160 m 320 m 640 m
Focal
Length(mm)
ReflectingDetailed
ObjectFeatures
From
Reflecting
ObjectContour
From
Reflecting
BehaviorsFrom
X X/2 m X m 2X m
2.2.4 Fittings Lens
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 35
2.2.4 Fittings Protective Cover
Installation location
Size
Function requirements
You can use indoor protection covers to protectcameras from dust, and use outdoor protection
covers to protect cameras in severe weather or
abnormal temperatures.
The size of the protection cover must be largerthan the total size of the camera and lens.
Otherwise, the camera and lens cannot be
installed in the protection cover.
Rain wiper
Fan Temperature control. If a protection cover with
the constant temperature control function is
used, power supply must be considered.
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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 36
2.2.4 Fittings Bracket
Staple bolt +universal joint
Wall-mounted bracket+ universal joint
Wall-mounted bracket
Ceiling-mounted bracket
Pole-mounted staplebolt + wall-mountedbracket
Corner-mounted bracket+ wall-mounted bracket
Corner-mounted bracket+ wall-mounted bracket
Staple bolt + wall-mounted bracket +universal joint
In-ceiling bracket
Pole-mounted staplebolt + ceiling-mountedbracket
Ceiling-mounted bracketWall-mountedbracket
Pole-mounted staplebolt + wall-mountedbracket
In-ceiling bracket
Boxcamera
PTZcamera
Domecamera
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 37
Contents
1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.3.1 Huawei PU Overview2.3.2 Technical Advantages of Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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WDR boxcamera (2 models)Day/Night camera (2 models)
Infrared boxcamera (2models)
Indoor dome camera (2models)
Mini-dome camera (1 model)Indoor vandal-proof dome
camera (1 model)Infrared water-proof dome
camera (1 model)
Day/Night boxcam era (3models)
WDR boxcamera (1 model)
Wireless boxcam era (4 models)Infrared boxcamera (3 models)
Day/Night dome camera (1model)
WDR dome camera (1 model)
Infrared vandal-proof domecamera (1 model)
18x/23x/28x/30x/36xs peed PTZcamera (2 models)
23xinfrared speed PTZ camera(7 models)
3-megapixel day/night
boxcamera2-megapixel day/night
camera (2 models)1.3-megapixel
day/night camera (2models)
PoEc ompact camera
1.3-megapi
xel 18xspeedPTZ
camera(2models)
Infrared camera (3 models)
1.3-megapixelinfrared
vandal-proof domecamera
5.0 megapixelday/night box
camera3.0 megapixel
infrared box
camera1.3 megapixel
infrared boxcamera
3.0 megapixelinfrared vandal-
proof domecamera
1.3-megapixelinfrared vandal-
proof domecamera
1.3-megapixel 18xinfrared
speed PTZ camera1.3-megapixel 18xinfrared
embedded speed PTZ
camera2-megapixel 20x speed
PTZ camera2-megapixel 20x infrared
speed PTZ camera
1.3-megapixelday/night
domecamera
2-megapixelday/night
domecamera
1.3-megapixelday/night box
camera2-megapixel
day/night box
camera
2-megapixel, 60
fps, intelligent, SFP2-megapixel, 60fps, day/night, SFP
1.3-megapixel, 60fps, LTE, SFP1.3-megapixel, 60fps, day/night, SFP
2-megapixel 20xHD PTZ camera
1.3-megapixel 20xspeed PTZ camera
4-channel vehicle-mounted DVR (1model)
1-channel portable
DVR (1 model)
ATM dedicated DVR (1
model)
DVR for judicial use (1
model)
Boxc amera with thestrong light
suppression function(1 model)
18x(2 models)/22x/23x/36x (2models) speed PTZ camera
23xinfrared Speed PTZ camera
4-channel DVR (2 models)8-channel DVR (2 models)
16-channel DVR (3 models)
1-channel DVS(2 models)
4-channel DVS(1 model)
Codec
Analog
SD
HD
4-channel DVS
(1 model)8-channel DVS(1 model)16-channel DVS
(1 model)
2.3.1 eSpace IVS Series PUs
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 39
eSpace IPC5611-WD-F
Counts moving objects in a
specified direction.
Checks for persons and objects
crossing a tripwire in a specified
direction.
Moving object counting Tripwire detection
2.3.2 PU Behavior Analysis: Enhancing theSurveillance Efficiency
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Vware
HME
Media managementImage configuration and
managementAlarm management
Web CGI
Log
management
Protocoladapter
SDK AgentClairvoyance ONVIF
Message Bus
Third-party platformHuawei platform
Advantages of standardized PUs:
Highly compatible PUs that can connect to third-party platforms.
Different PU software with unified features that facilitate quality control, upgrade, and maintenance.
2.3.2 Standardized PU Software
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 41
Contents
1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS2.4.1 DVR
2.4.2 DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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2.4 DVR/DVS
DVR/DVS
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2.4.1 DVR
Analog-to-digital conversion: converting analog audio and video signals into digital signals.
Compression: The processor compresses the digital signals using the compression algorithm.
Storage: The application program stores the compressed audio and video signals in the hard disk.
Playback: The playback program reads the specified videoinformation from the hard disk according to the query
criteria and displays the video.
The DVR is a device that converts the video and audio signals captured by a camera or an
audio monitoring unit into digital signals, and stores the digital signals in the hard disk. TheDVR can be regarded as a computer system that integrates functions such as video capture,
coding compression, video storage, and network transmission.
Definition
Operating principle
CPU
Harddisk
Harddisk
A-D
DSP
Video Capture
Analog-to-DigitalConversion
CodingCompression
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IVS central management platform
IPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVS
IPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVS
Videowall
Decoder
PC client
PC client
Remote
surveillance
PU videocapture
Surveillance center
2.4.1 Position of the DVR in the Network
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 45
2.4.1 Typical Application Scenario of the DVR
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2.4.2 Video Encoder (DVS)
The video encoder is also known as the digital video server (DVS). It converts analog signalsinto digital signals that the computer can interpret. Once a signal is converted into a digital
s ignal, it can be transmitted over the Internet or a local area network (LAN) to a computer
where it can be analyzed. The DVR focuses on the video recording function, while the DVSfocuses on the video encoding and network transmission. Most DVSs have no video
recording function (some encoders are configured with a buffer memory to temporarily store
video).
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 47
IVS central management platform
IPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVS
IPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVS
Video
wall
Decoder
PC client
PC client
Remote surveillance
PU video
capture
Surveillance center
2.4.2 Position of the DVS in the Network
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2.4.2 Typical Application Scenario of the DVS
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2.4.2 Differences Between the DVR and DVS
DVR DVS
Main problems resolved:Analog-to-digital conversion andencoding.Connecting to the analog or IP system.Video storage, retrieval and playback.
Providing the control page.
Main problems resolved:Analog-to-digital conversion and encoding.Connecting to the analog or IP system.
With a local hard disk Without a local hard disk usually
An independent system or web system. Network management software is requiredfor operation, use and management.
Used to ensure the reliability of localstorage.
Used to ensure the video transmissionefficiency and quality.
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Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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2.5 Network Transmission
Network
transmission
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A Variety of Transmission Modes
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Optical Fiber Transmission Mode
Opticalfiber transmission system
The optical fiber transmission is an information transmission method using optical fibers as the transmission medium
and the optical wave as the carrier wave. The optical f iber transmission system is composed of the sending part,
receiving part, and transmission part.
Electricalsignal
Optical fiberElectricalsignal
Opticaltransceiver
Opticaltransceiver
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Content1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform
2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform
2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform
Small-sized platform
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Surveillanceroom
Convenience store Gas station Residential area
eSpace NVR6008/6016/6032
Surveillancesite
Independent Deployment at a Small-Sized
Surveillance Site
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2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform
Medium-size platform
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NVR
IPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVSIPC
Analog camera
DVR/DVS
Video
wall
Decoder
PC client
PC client
Remote
surveillance
PU videocapture
Surveillance
center
Single NVR
deployment
Distributeddeployment ofmultiple NVRs
Centralizeddeployment ofmultiple NVRs
Deploying the NVR at asurveillance site as anend for video collectionand management
Stacking multiple NVRsin the surveillancecenter for video storageand forwarding
Flexible Deployment
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Medium-sized
platform solution
Lower construction costsUses all-in-one devices that integratestorage, transmission, and managementfunctions to reduce customers' total cost ofownership (TCO).
High transmissionefficiencyImproves the video streamtransmission mechanism toreduce the time-delay andbandwidth consumption.
Easy deployment andmaintenanceThe NVR has management software,which can significantly simplify theinstallation, deployment, andmaintenance.
Independent domainserviceOffers the function of independentdomain management that can ensurethe service operation when thenetwork connection between an NVRand the management platform isfaulty.
One-stop media
node solutionProvides a one-stop medianode solution to lower theconstruction cost and reducefault points.
Advantages of the Medium-Sized Platform
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2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform
Large-sized platform
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Establishes, forwards, and stops
media streams.
Supports video storage, video on
demand (VoD), and playback
control.
Configures and manages
organizations, users, roles, rights,
and devices.
Provides interfaces for other
service modules and third-party
applications.
Controls video surveillance
services.
Provides interfaces for other
service modules and third-
party applications.
Service control unit (SCU)
Media unit (MU)
Connects to third-par ty systems.
Platform communication gateway (PCG)
Connects third-party PUs.
Device communication gateway (DCG)
Performs intelligent analysis
and reports analysis results
and alarms to the platform.
Media analysis server (MAU)
Service management unit (SMU)
eSpace IVS Platform Components
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eSpaceIVSplatform
eSpace NVR (stackable)
Level-1 domain(municipal bureau and
Headquarters)
Level-2 domain(branch bureau
and office)
Level-3 domain(police station and
customer service center)
LAN/WAN LAN/WAN
MAU
LAN/WAN
DCG
SMU+SCU+DB
MU(cluster)
Other securitysurveillance platforms
LAN/WAN
Deploying SMU, SCU, and
DCG on the same host
eSpace NVR (stackable) eSpace NVR
Diskarray
MU(cluster)
Diskarray
ClientClient
Client
Client
eSpaceIVSplatform
Large-scalesurveillance networkusing the multi-leveland multi-domainarchitecture
Users in level-1surveillance centerscan view and controlPUs of level-2 andlevel-3 surveillancecenters.
Each domain hasits own camerasand users.
The services ineach domainrun properlyeven when thenetworkbetweendomains fails.
PCG
Multi-level and Multi-domain Architecture
and Independent Domain Service
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IVSIVS Supports Clairvoyance and
ONVIF protocols Supports GA/T669 protocol. Provides SDKs and controls for software
development and integration. Provides PCGs to connect to platforms of other
vendors. Provides DCGs to connect to third-party video
and alarm devices
Supports up to 100,000 PUs per platform. Supports multi-level and multi-domain
network. Forwards 800 Mbit/s media streams or
stores 400 Mbit/s media streams
concurrently per media server. Supports 1024 media nodes.
Supports two-node cluster and load
balancing. Supports highly reliable operating
systems, for example, SUSE Linux High-reliability hardware and system
redundancy Supports independent service
management in each domain Hardens the security by shielding
unused services and interfaces Supports digital watermark and video
stream encryption.
Supports plug and play and PU
configuration in batches Supports automatic upgrade of PUs
and clients. Supports quality diagnosis of videos
on PUs. Supports smooth upgrade and
capacity expansion Connects to the Operation &
Maintenance System (OMS).
eSpace IVS Platform Highlights
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Access of Multiple Clients: Satisfying
Diversified Needs
C/Sclient
B/Sclient
Mobile
client
Scenario orFunction
C/S Client B/S Client Mobile Client
User type
Technical experts and
security personnel Other departments Managers
Application scenario Surveillance centers or officesAreas when C/S clients are
not available.
Surveillance areas except for thesurveillance centers or when an
emergency occurs
Live videosurveillance
Supported Supported Supported
Video playback Supported Supported SupportedAlarm linkage Supported Supported Supported
Image management Supported Supported Supported
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 65
eSpace IVSplatform
Database
PostgreSQL
Oracle
Windows 7
Windows XP
Server
PC client
SUSE Linux 10
Windows 7
Windows XP
Mobile client
Android (2.3 and later) iOS (4.0 and later)
Diverse System Environments: Easing theSystem Deployment
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Intrusion detection
The MAU analyzes recordedor live video streamsaccording to the predefinedrules.Supported functions:behavior analysis, videoquality diagnosis, and facial
recognition.
Speed detection Loitering detection Abandoned object detection Removed object detection
Density detection
Directional movementdetection
Crowd counting
Presence detection
IP network
PC client
Signaling stream
MAU server
MUserver
Video streamVideo storage device
(2) Recorded video(2) Recorded video
(1) Live video(1) Live video
Report analysis results (alarm and surveillance object
information) to the SCU, which sends the results to thedatabase and creates a recording index.
IVS central server(on which the SCU, SMU, PCG, DCG, BCG, and DB are deployed)
Notify the client to
superimpose theanalysis results on the
video image.
PU
Intelligent Analysis Function: Improving
Surveillance Efficiency
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PU
Command center
Client
Audible and visualalarm device
Platform
Incidenthandling
Users can set intelligent analysis rules for incidents such as intrusion, unlawful stay, and fixed-point
security surveillance. When a rule is broken, light alarms and alarm bells automatically go off.
The surveillance command center performs unified dispatch in emergency handling.
4. Audible and visualalarms automatically gooff based on the presetrules.
4. The client displaysthe live video imagesand locationinformation.
1. A suspicious personis attempting to climbover the wall.
2. Live video images
are transmitted to theplatform.
3. The platform analyzes theimages in real time and detectsintrusion.
5. The platforminitiates thecorrespondingemergency plan.This incident ishandled, and thesuspect is arrested.
Intelligent Alarm Linkage: Facilitating TimelyAlarm Handling
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Simultaneous playback ofmultiple channels of recorded video
Recording configuration:allowing users to configurerecording policies on a user-friendly GUI based on the timematrix.
Alarm playback: Locatingand playing back a video filebased on the alarminformation.
Locating video by labelLocating video by alarmPlaying back video frameby framePlaying back video atdifferent speeds
Manual recording (in blue)Scheduled recording (in green)Common alarm-triggeredrecording (in orange)Intelligent analysis alarm-triggered recording (in red)
Quick Video Search and Efficient Playback Locating
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Huawei IVS Platforms
eSpace NVR6032(2U, 8-disk slot, 32-channel NVR)
eSpaceNVR6016(2U, 8-disk slot, 16-channel NVR)
eSpace NVR6008(2U, 8-disk slot, 8-channel NVR)
eSpace NVR6008-1U(1U, 2-disk slot, 8-channel NVR)
eSpace IVS platform
Separately or jointly deploys modules on a
distributed architecture, including service
management, media distribution, device
access, and intelligent analysis.
(multi-level and multi-domain deployment;
maximum: 200,000 PUs)
Central managementserver
Media processingserver
Device access server Intelligent analysisserver Disk array
Large-sized
platform
Middle-sized
platform
Small-sized
platform
Packaged product
Integrated and stackableIntegrating video
surveillance management,
forwarding, and storage
eSpace NVR6128Supports access of 128 channels per device.
Supports access of 1024 channels for stacked
NVRs (2U, 12-disk slot, 128-channel NVR).
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Contents1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
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Surveillance Center
Image display UPS systemsMonitoring client Keyboard controlMatrix Switch Console
Control room
Agent Image viewing System
management Electronic map
Video decoding(digital)
Video switching
Matrix Control Device Control Image switching PTZ control
Image display Splicing screen
control
Power supply
...
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Screen Splicing Controller
Screen splicing controller:
The screen splicing controller provides video interfaces of multiple types to receive signals from
external devices, for example, active video signals, RGB signals, and network signals,
processes the signals, and outputs them to the video wall as desktop signals.
DLP splicing screen video wall
Digicommulti-screen processing
systemControl PC
System layer
User layer
Wor kst ation La pt op PCIndependent RGB signalsources
Interface Interface
InterfaceProjector
CameraVideo
recorder
DVD
Directdisplay of
videosignals
Directdisplay of
RGBsignals
Built-in signal processor in thedisplay unit
SVAK video switching matrix
SVAK RGB videoswitching matrix
Remote videosignals
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Comparison of Large Screen Displays
Advantage Disadvantage Photo
DLP
1. 1. Large sizeand small joint gap2. Slow decay of image brightness3. Small pixel gap and exquisiteimages4. Suitable for displaying computer
images and static images for a longtime.
1. Lower brightness than PDP2. Uneven brightness when the
number of spliced screens is large.3. Taking up more space4. High power consumption and
maintenance costs.
PDP
1. 1. High uniformity on a single screen
2. High brightness at the initial stage3. High contrastand exquisite images
1. Large pixel gap
2. The screen burnseasily whendisplaying computer images orstatic images
3. Fast brightness decay (cannot beimproved)
4. Low reliabilityand high powerconsumption
LCD
1. Low-power consumption, light weight2. Easy to install
3. Long life (operating for 50,000 hoursor more)
4. No radiation, screen brightnessuniformity, and good imagequality
5. Low maintenance costs
Seamless splicing is impossible (atpresent, the minimumlength of
bilateral seams is 5.7 mm)
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Keyboard
A keyboard can be used to control surveillance devices, including switching video on the screen, controlling the
PTZ, and adjusting the focal length. Users can also use a keyboard to set parameters for the surveillance devices
and perform programming.
Analog keyboardIP keyboard
Classification of keyboard
Functions:Controlling the video matrix, PTZ, and DVR or DVSConnection mode:Connects to PTZ cameras, PTZs, DVRs, DVSs through the
RS485 interface.Connects to the matrix through the RS232 interface.
Functions:Controlling IPCs, DVRs, DVSs, NVRs, and decodersConnection mode:Connect to the switch through the RJ45 network port.
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 75
Contents
1. Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance Solution
3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
3.1 Safe City Solution
3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution
3.3 Emergency Command Solution
3.4 Campus Security Solution
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Huawei eSpace safe city solution uses the comprehensive public security video surveillance platform and utilizes videosurveillance resources from public security departments and other social resources. This solution provides real-time urbansurveillance and surveillance video query services. Police's cyber pursuit is also facilitated using full-time, space-basedsurveillance services for accurate tracking and analysis in combating crimes and securing the social environment.
Service
gateway
Video server Surveillance
data unit
Intelligent
analysis server
Video
networking gateway
NVRSurveillance
Center in a
local police
station
Visible PGIS
surveillance
Video database
Suspected personneltracking
Vehicle tracking
Enterprises, industrial parks, financial
outlets, school campuses, airports,
Internet bars, and hotels
Surveillance
site search
Video-assisted
detection
Videosurveillance
center
Video networking
Media server
Third-partyapplications
andsystems
Public securityprotection platform
PU
access
Social video
surveillanceresourcesPolice-specific video surveillance
resources
Visible GPS locating
Urban surveillancecenter
By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,
police officers can accurately track down a potential suspect or
a moving vehicle, supporting the inv estigation of an ongoing
case to solve a criminal case.
Public security and social video surv eillance resources
can be accessed through the video access gateway.
Users can view live and recorded video to monitor
ongoing events across the city.
Real-time video access
By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,
police officers can accurately track down a potential
suspect or a moving vehicle, supporting the investigation
of an ongoing case to solve a criminal case.
Video-assisted detection
Quick and accurate crime combat
DVR/DVS
3.1 Safe City Solution
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Monitors traffic condition in realtime using HD cameras thatsupports automatic day/nightswitch with accurate colorreproduction capability. The
surveillance video and snapshotquality can satisfy requirements ofcustomers from different industries.
HD video and snapshots
Intelligently tracks andseamlessly takes snapshots oftraffic violations to providesubstantial evidence for lawenforcement and consequentlyreduce traffic accidents.
Intelligent behavior analysis and tracking
Urban traffic surveillance Railway traffic surveillance
Traffic guidancesystem
Urban trafficsurveillancecenter
Third-party
applications
andsystems
PUaccess
Vehicle-mountedmonitoring devices
HD checkpoint orePolicecontroller
Integrated HDcheckpoint/ePolicecameras
Cameras for road and railwaysurveillance
Traffic surveillancecollaboration platform
Railway traffic surveillance centerSubway trafficsurveillance center
Surveillancedata unit
Intelligent analysisserver
Remote lawenforcement platform Med ia server NVR
Video surveillanceplatform
ETC systemVisible PGISsurveillance
Vehicletracking
Visible GISsurveillance
Dispatchingsystem
By integrating HD video and intelligent analysis technologies, Huawei eSpace traffic surveillance solution is
constructed to meet the requirements on urban transportation, subway transportation, railway transportation, andhighway transportation.
3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution
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3.2 Intelligent Transport Network Diagram
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Huawei eSpace emergency command solution is based on the unified computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) center, visiblecommanding, intelligent analysis and decision making, and disaster response systems, integrating advanced information
and communications technology (ICT) capabil ities such as the location based service (LBS), GPS, GIS, and remoteconsultation, decision making, and command. This enables the emergency command center to interact with on-site
personnel to control accidents and disasters timely and effectively and reduce the loss of life and property.
Integrates with third-party systems, such asdisaster management, contingency plandispatch, and automatic vehicle tracking, tosupport decision making and processemergencies in a timely and correct manner.
Allows users to make alarm calls in real timeusing fix-line phones, mobile phones, SMSmessages, and the Internet. Intelligent videoalarms and sensor alarms are alsosupported.
Multiple alarm access modes
Integrates with third-party capabilities instatic and dynamic video collection, remotenegotiation, and GIS to visualize emergencycommand and dispatch.
Visual command and dispatch
Intelligent analysis anddecision making
Fixed surveillance
device
Vehicle-mountedsurveillance device
PUaccess Wireless
surveillance deviceFixed-line
phone Web clientMobile
phone
Collaborative emergency
command platform
ECC
UAP CTI CAD Surveillancedata unit
Intelligent analysisserver
Mediaserver
Video surveillancesystem
Remote command (Telepresence)
Dispatching
exchange
Third-party
applications
andsystemsDisaster
management/contingencyplan dispatch
Automatic vehicle
trackingResource allocation
Decision support Development
trend prediction
Real-time
plottingPrediction and warning
Wireless cluster
3.3 Emergency Command Solution
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Based on the eSpace IVS platform, Huawei eSpace campus security solution integrates anti-theft alarm, access control, voice intercom,electronic patrol, public address, parking management, and power and environment monitoring systems. The integrated solution is applicableto industrial parks, airports, prisons, and school campuses to intelligently monitor the surveillance sites and trigger security actions.
Third-partyapplications
andsystems
Emergency planimplementation engine
Campus securityplatform
NVR
Video surveillanceplatform
Audible andvisual alarm
Videoalarm
Mobilephone alarm
PUaccess
LiftCampussurroundings
Floorhallway
Parking lotSquareentrance and exit
Industrial park Schoolcampus
Petroleumindustry
Prison AirportBondedport area
Financialoutlet
Electronic park
Campus surveillancecenter
Intelligent analysis
server
Surveillancedata unit
Intelligentanalysis
Public address system
Electronic patrolsystem
Video surveillance system
Voice intercomsystem
Parking managementsystem
Alarm systemCampusSecuritysystem
Access control system
Power and environmentmonitoring system
Improves security protection efficiencyby 30%.
Provides standard protocol stack andconnects to seven common campussecurity subsystems.
Open platform
Saves customer costs by20%.
HD video surveillance
Mobile surveillance and quick locating
Leverages intelligent behavior analysistechnologies to monitor key locations allday and generate warnings in the event ofimpending danger.
Real-time intelligent surveillance
3.4 Campus Security Solution
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 81
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of the video
surveillance system and describes the video surveillance
solutions.
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