Upload
nick-peres
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Defence Capability Plan (DCP)
Challenges in managing the portfolio: Doing the same for less
How can portfolio prioritisation be achieved?
Tim Hogan – Acting Director Program Analysis
2
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Topics
• DCP Overview and DCP 2012
• Prioritisation framework and planning
• Financial Planning approaches in the DCP– Planning constraints and realities– Fitting more in – Management approaches– Planning risks
• Human Judgement in Prioritisation
3
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Overview
• The Defence Capability Plan (DCP) provides an outline of the major capital equipment initiatives that are planned for Government Approval.
• The DCP is developed taking into account that available funding guidance from Government, the delivery schedule required for the capability and the capacity of Defence and Industry.
• The Public Defence Capability Plan (DCP) 2012 is a five year rolling ‘working’ capital investment plan of Australia’s military capabilities. It lists the projects that have yet to be 1st or 2nd pass approved by Government.
• Internal to the Department, we manage a program over a longer ten year period.
4
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP 2012 Overview
• Minister Smith directed a full review of the DCP in July 2011 driven by realignment of the DCP by programme slippage and reduction to over-programming as a DCP management principle
• Defence announced Budget 2012-13– Removed $3.5 billion of Forward Estimates funding– About 35 percent of funding– Affected around 75 projects
• The DCP 2012 incorporates five main outcomes:– Government’s key strategic priorities, over the next 2-5 years– Reducing over-programming and over-promising– Is coherent– Is achievable and executable– Underpinned by robust set of initiatives
• Further pressures identified requiring rigorous analysis as part of 2013 White Paper.
5
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Prioritisation Challenges
• DCP planning is a high-stake complex process which requires satisfying several competing objectives under the given constraints
• External and internal threats exist to DCP planning
• DCP prioritisation is dominated by the ‘big four capabilities’, thus ‘orchestration’ of the DCP becomes more complex
• Need a balance between operational priorities vs. available budget
• Similar challenges Industry may face, but operating in a unique fitness landscape
6
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP View: Existing Approved Capital Projects being delivered
Defence Capability PlanTen year view with Top 10 projects highlighted
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22
AMCIPAMCIP
7
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP View: Approved and Unapproved Capital ProjectsDefence Capability Plan
Ten year view with Top 10 projects highlighted
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22
AMCIPAMCIP
Remaining projects below theTop 10
Remaining projects below theTop 10
Top 10 projects comprise the majorityof the DCP portfolio
Top 10 projects comprise the majorityof the DCP portfolio
8
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Defence Capability PlanTen year view with Top 10 projects highlighted
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22
DCP View: Defence Capital Program over ten years vs. Capital Budget
Top 10 projects comprise the majorityof the DCP portfolio
Top 10 projects comprise the majorityof the DCP portfolio
Remaining projects below theTop 10
Remaining projects below theTop 10
AMCIPAMCIP
BudgetBudget
9
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Make-up: Four DCP capabilities represent almost 60% of total programme cost
% total programme cost
100
80
60
40
20
0
57% of cost
80% of cost
95% of cost
Project estimated cost as a % of total programme estimated cost
• 16 projects
• 4 strategic capabilities• SEA 1000• LAND 400• AIR 6000• SEA 5000
• 57 projects
• 99 projects
20 projects take up 80% of total programme budget, 99 projects take up 5%
10
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Prioritisation Challenges
• The DCP looks to model this programming problem as multi-objective optimisation problem through:
– Balancing Government’s key strategic priorities– Reducing over-programming and over-promising– Dealing with optimism bias in cost estimation– Human judgement
• What are the decision making trade-offs/ prioritisation decisions that can be made in the portfolio:
– Delay– Remove– Accelerate– Re-scope– Merge/ Split Project Phases
11
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Prioritisation framework built around two dimensions: strategic importance and urgency
What is the relative
strategic importance
of DCP projects?
What is the sequencing
priority?
InputInput
Force structure
Short-to-medium term preparedness
Interdependencies
Degree of urgency
1
2
3
4
• Alignment long-term force structure requirements as defined in the DPG
• Impact on Defence's preparedness in the next 10 years
• Number and criticality of dependencies on other capabilities (e.g., "glue" projects)
• Low: At least 2yr buffer btwn IOC & PWD
• Med: 1yr buffer to 2 yr gap btwn IOC & PWD
• High: >2yr gap btwn IOC & PWD
Working DefinitionWorking Definition
12
Capability Investment & Resources Division
The aim of prioritisation is for a robust, repeatable results from a well defined approach and organised information
A formal rigorous prioritisation model
Prioritisation process
High-level process steps for repeatable prioritisation exercise
Outcome: repeatable and robust DCP prioritisation
Prioritisation framework Urgency
Schedulingtool
Key Underlying Input data
Forward Work
Program
Project financials
Current System
Retirement Date
Initial Operating Capability
Prepared-ness
assessment
Force Structure
assessment
Dependencies
Strategic Importance
Prio
ritis
atio
n
info
rmat
ion
Prio
ritis
atio
n
app
roac
h
Integrated Decision Support Tool
13
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Planning Constraints and Uncertainty
• “Crystal ball dilemma” - Unfortunately, we do not know which projects will become more risky or more uncertain as they progress through the approval process.
• Financial constraints:
– Most cost estimates that set DCP provisions are actually low quality
– Building the DCP is based on uncertain baseline information
– Projects with large cash demands can restrict DCP building activities and prioritisation of other projects
• Financial risks:
– Underspend: poor estimates and optimism means we are at risk of not spending early cash
– Overspend: unexpected large cash demands risk blowing DCP budget; go to jail under FMA Act
14
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP Planning Constraints and Uncertainty
• Capability constraints:
– Capabilities more difficult to accelerate
– Project independencies with other DCP capabilities
– Capabilities can driven by foreign partnership/programs
• Capability risks to the portfolio:
– Capability not delivered: unacceptable capability gaps created, risk to delivering Defence’s strategic priorities
– Capability prioritisation: less important capabilities approved, capability immature for Industry to deliver
• The challenge is to strike a balance between managing the risk and uncertainty in the DCP and applying an adaptive DCP modelling to allow the DCP to remain achievable
15
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP portfolio management to “fit more in”
• Given the complexity, ‘orchestration’ of DCP, development of the portfolio can be inherently difficult as any other Capital investment program
• Objectives of portfolio management aim to adjust for DCP-wide financial uncertainty including estimation biases and financial slippage, and schedule uncertainty
• The DCP is constantly evolving, if somewhat volatile, and being updated to reflect:
– Changes of capability priorities
– Revised cost estimate/ acquisition strategies
– Schedule adjustments
– Approval of projects
• Portfolio modelling can be applied to allow for these ‘real world’ considerations
16
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP portfolio management to “fit more in”
• Portfolio assumptions and modelling applied to the DCP for the ‘real world’:
– Over-programming
– Slippage
– Portfolio contingency
• Given the DCP is due to ongoing review, there is a need to systematically capture information to inform the validity of current capital portfolio assumptions and modelling
• The aim of portfolio modelling is to strike a balance in the DCP to ensure:
– Full use of available budget so no potential important opportunities are wasted
– There is no over-spend or under-spend of the DCP Budget
– Smooth development and progression of project approvals with a balanced option set to ensure both major and smaller projects are approved
17
Capability Investment & Resources Division
DCP portfolio management risks
• Slippage modelling– If more early cash required, it means in short term that something
else needs to wait– If costs blow-out – need offsets from elsewhere in the plan
• Delays on approvals– Without over-programming, we no longer have a buffer– Lose opportunity to use cash for capability outcomes/ too late to
spend funds in time• Contingency calls
– Lean programming – ensure sufficient funding held to cover contingency needs
– If someone needs contingency cash, they have a priority
18
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Collecting this information together to target value-based DCP prioritisation
• Bringing together each of the elements to target prioritisation:
– Schedule tightly linked to DCP
– Resourcing pressures can be quantified
– Capability impacts understood
– Portfolio assumptions are linked to build a ‘plan’
• Whilst bringing these elements help inform prioritisation, the value of each project cannot be measured on the same scale: Human Judgement required!!!
Interdependency
Planned end of service
date
CapitalBudget WorkforceForce
structure PreparednessProject
cost templates
Price basis and
forex
Project schedule risk assessment
Planning Rules
-Out-turning-Slippage
-Contingency
Approval constraints
Acceleration assessment
NPOC Budget
Project Information Project Prioritisation Data Guidance Data
Actual project spend
MinSub/ CabSub
Human Judgment
DCP Prioritisation
Portfolio Assumptions
19
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Human Judgement on Project Value Proposition
• The aim of human judgement on a project value proposition is to:
– Understand the true nature of a projects value and its prioritisation
– There is no over-spend or under-spend of the DCP Budget
– Smooth development and progression of project approvals with a balanced option set to ensure both major and smaller projects are approved
• This framework provides portfolio prioritisation to a start state, but requires an element of human engagement to define the capability value proposition of each project
• The value of a Navy project cannot be measured on the same scale as a Army project. There is a need to consider the collective demands from Services to determine the value of a project
20
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Human Judgement on Project Value Proposition
• Human engagement required with the expertise of relevant Capability Managers and Subject Matter Experts to convince the value proposition of a Navy project over an Army project for example
• Other human engagement considerations include
– Threat level
– Strategic Environment
– Industry capacity
– Politics
– Capability performance requirements
21
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Summary
• Given the complexity, ‘orchestration’ of DCP prioritisation can be inherently difficult as any other Capital investment program
• The ‘big four capabilities’ make up the majority of the DCP which determine how the DCP is shaped
• DCP prioritisation framework aims to maximise capability outcomes against an available Defence capital budget and a project information/value/data
• This framework provides portfolio prioritisation to a start state, but requires an element of human engagement to define the capability value proposition of each project
23
Capability Investment & Resources Division
Rational of financial adjustments to capital estimates
Portfolio assumption Rational for adjustment Approach for DCP
Slippage • Slippage is intended to account for post-approval, non-expenditure of funding across the program
• Assumes that projects on average, across the entire program will be delivered later than expected or not expend funds at the rate expected
• This could be due to approval delays, external schedule delays
• Assume that planned program spend will be 30% less than Gross DCP Bid in next planning year
• Payback rates – slippage from a given year accrues to subsequent years at a rate of 10% to total in the first year followed by 30% in the three years after.
Project contingency provision • Budget held to account for financial impact of risk events
• Contingency is calculated at project level but held at portfolio level
• For budgeting purposes, 80% contingency is spread over last 30% of the project cost profile plus 1 year post end of spread
Over (under) programming • Difference between DCP Bid and DCP Budget
• Can be positive or negative in any given year• Over-programming applied to account for
delays to projects• Negative over-programming applied towards
back end of program to allow room for delayed project spend
• Objective of the DCP Review was to minimise the level of over-programming
• Reduced over-programming will require tighter management of project schedule to deliver against available DCP Budget
24
Capability Investment & Resources Division
A range of planning rules are currently applied to DCP capital and NPOC estimates to mange inherent uncertainty and risk
Capital
NPOC
Project estimate Project provision Aggregate portfolio provisionCash
management
Budget artefact
Planning rule subject to focused
analysis in this project
Key
Project base estimate
Outturn escalation
Base portfolio estimate - sum of NPOC provisions
Pro
ject
pro
visi
on
Pro
ject
bid
Net
por
tfol
io b
id
NPOC base estimate
NP
OC
Bid
NP
OC
pro
visi
on
Por
t. N
PO
C b
id
Base portfolio estimates
Slippage
Portfolio contingency
Project bid adjustments
Project contingency
Cost growth wedges
NPOC bid adjustments
Once provision made, cash
management rules determine
how much funding provision
is held where within the
organisation
Over (under) programming
Planning rule not subject to
focused analysis in this
project