0 - Recent Developments in Engineering

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Advancements and Need for Advancements in CIVIL Engineering

The Great wall of China, Pyramids of Egypt, Roman aqueducts, The Taj-Mahal, Golden

temple, Gate Bridge are all engineering marvels. What are common and great things with

them? They are not only the Civil Engineering Projects, also the true testimonies to the

genius of people, monuments of changing civilizations.

Globalisation and extraordinary technological advancement that is being made, in21Century demand that Civil Engineering keep equal pace with time. India set itself the

target of becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. A major focus of the efforts

immediately and in the next decade is on infrastructure by way of highways, ports, nuclear

facilities, airports, power, water, housing, sanitation and so on.

Only way to fulfill this dream is the economic progress of the country, which makes its

mandatory to probe the latest technologies in the field of Civil Engineering and get ready

for the future. As a result the structures constructed now a days are more taller, wider and

flexible and are subjected to huge environmental loads such as wind, earthquake etc.

The biggest challenge for Civil Engineering is that its entire infrastructure must be able to

withstand external disturbances, which includes even militants threat, attacks, blast etc.

Today's technology demands perfect approach in planning, analysis, design, construction

and maintenance of these infrastructures.

Thus an integrated approach is vital for Civil Engineering, which not only requires

understanding of theoretical, and numerical study but also as a community of Civil

Engineer, they are expected to produce useful and economical results. Apart from this the

time taken to complete the project shall also be shorter.

Therefore conceptual analysis and design solution, innovative material and new technology

must replace the traditional materials and technology to meet these requirements of today

and tomorrow which should be environmental friendly also.

Therefore Civil Engineering requires constant up-gradation of knowledge in the field of

advanced building materials, earthquake resistance structure, aerodynamics, construction

management, rehabilitation and maintenance of structure, intelligent and energy efficient

building, ground improvement techniques, solid waste management, water harvesting and

sustainable development for environmental protection, use of Information Technology indesign & construction.

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Advancements and Need for Advancements in Computer and Information Technology

The real development in Computer and Information Technology fields is how far it is reached the

Common Man / Public / Citizen. There are so many terminologies in this domain, but the common

terminology in connection the common citizen is E-Governance.

Definition of E-Governance

E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies to transform the

efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational & transactional

exchanges with in government, between govt. & govt. agencies of National, State, Municipal &

Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens through access & use of information.

Advantages of E-Governance

Following are the advantages of E-Governance:

1. Speed Technology makes communication speedier. Internet, Phones, Cell Phones have

reduced the time taken in normal communication.

2. Cost Reduction Most of the Government expenditure is appropriated towards the cost of

stationary. Paper-based communication needs lots of stationary, printers, computers, etc. whichcalls for continuous heavy expenditure. Internet and Phones makes communication cheaper saving

valuable money for the Government.

3. Transparency Use of ICT makes governing profess transparent. All the information of theGovernment would be made available on the internet. The citizens can see the informationwhenever they want to see. But this is only possible when every piece of information of the

Government is uploaded on the internet and is available for the public to peruse. Current governing

process leaves many ways to conceal the information from all the people. ICT helps make theinformation available online eliminating all the possibilities of concealing of information.

4. Accountability Once the governing process is made transparent the Government is

automatically made accountable. Accountability is answerability of the Government to the people.

It is the answerability for the deeds of the Government. An accountable Government is aresponsible Government.

Emergent of E-Governance in India

The concept of e-governance has its origins in India during the nineties with a focus on

development of in- house government applications in the areas of defense, economic

monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data intensive functions related

to elections, census, tax administration etc.

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While the emphasis has been primarily on automation and computerization, state

governments have also endeavored to use ICT tools into connectivity, networking, setting

up systems for processing information and delivering services.

At a micro level, this has ranged from IT automation in individual departments, electronic

file handling and workflow systems, access to entitlements, public grievance systems,

service delivery for high volume routine transactions such as payment of bills, tax dues to

meeting poverty alleviation goals through the promotion of entrepreneurial models and

provision of market information.

For governments, the more overt motivation to shift from manual processes to IT-enabled

processes may be increased efficiency in administration and service delivery, but this shift

can be conceived as a worthwhile investment with potential for returns.

Challenges in Implementing E-Governance in India

Although lots of efforts have been made in the creation of infrastructure and internal information

handling by govt. bodies as well as public services, the diffusion of technologies in moving

towards e-governance have been rather slow. This may primarily be attributed to the following

reasons:

Lack of IT Literacy and awareness regarding benefits of e-governance

Underutilization of existing ICT infrastructure

Attitude of Government Departments

Lack of coordination between Govt. Department and Solution developers

Resistance to re-engineering of departmental processes

Lack of Infrastructure for sustaining e-governance projects on national level

e-Gov Action Plan Solution Strategies for today; Vision for Future

Govt. leaders in India are starting to realize that e-governance is the key to drive todays economy

with an increased participation from citizens. Providing services online is no longer going to

remain optional for local and central government as demand for providing services at internetspeed has been coming from the citizens. The following are solutions for enhancing e-Governance

in India.

Create Literacy and commitment to e-governance at high level

Conduct Usability Surveys for assessment of existing e-governance projects

Starting with implementation of pilot projects and replicating the successful ones

Follow the Best Practices in e-governance

Build National resource Database of e-governance projects

Have clearly defined Interoperability policy

Manage and Update content on govt. websites efficiently and regularly

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Advancements and Need for Advancements in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This concern with various major fields like Electrical, Electronics and Communication

technologies, robotics, satellites, etc.

Opportunities and intellectual challenges in the electronics and communication industryhave grown by leaps and bounds, particularly in the field of space exploration, industrial

and commercial automation, computational technology and telecommunications.

Automation at home and at work is driving the electronic industry to innovate ways of

incorporating electronic technology into daily life.

Electronics engineers are involved in the R&D, design, construction and operation of

electronic systems and devices for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use.

As communication engineers, they work in the communication industry, automobileindustry, or in robotics. They work on electrical circuits in all kinds of applications. As

specialists they may focus on computing systems, industrial equipment, aerospace

equipment (avionics) or biomedical devices.

Work in these sectors essentially involves research, design and development, manufacture,servicing, sales, marketing and teaching.

Advancements and Need for Advancements in Mechanical Engineering

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0 - Recent Developments in Engineering