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CLASS XII
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 301 India
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
CBSE
Language Skills Book - English Elective CBSE
PRICE: `
First Edition 2014, CBSE, India
Copies:
Published By : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education,
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar,
Delhi-110301
Design, Layout : Multi Graphics, 8A/101, W.E.A. Karol Bagh,
New Delhi-110005 • Phone: 011-25783846
Printed By :
This book or part thereof may not be reproduced by any person or agency in any manner.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
1WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN
SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all 2 FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT,
ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Chapter IV A
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
1(k) to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between age of 6 and 14 years.
1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation” (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
1. Subs. by the Constitution (Eighty - Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
ForewordThe CBSE's English language Curriculum in the classes IX to XII, in particular XI & XII, stands out for
its strong dynamism and continuous evolution and development. In the current climate of
psychological, social and economic changes, the trend is influenced by explosive knowledge creation
and exponential technology growth. Thus, the need to modify and infuse changes in the English
Curriculum at the +2 level is a necessary step in the upgradation and updation of the earlier English
curriculum. The aim is to bring it at par with other academic, competency and skills-based disciplines,
in its rigor and content. It should be borne in mind that the methodology used in the classroom will be
automatically followed by some alterations in the language teaching and learning process. The
increasing use of audio- visual aids and the internet also impacts our objectives to give our learners
greater autonomy in their learning, enabling differentiate instruction, and, its transformational
impact on teaching methods and deployment of assessment tools, consistent with those objectives.
At the + 2 stage, students begin to contemplate and introspect on their choice of subjects for higher
study, and the mastery of the language forms the foundation for their higher education. They may
choose advanced, specialized courses-including English Language & Literature, among courses
offered in leading universities in India and abroad. At the later stages of their academic tenure,
students' levels of competency can also notably influence their career path.
The English Elective CBSE course has four major components.
1. The Literature Reader which is divided into three parts: prose, poetry and drama. Leading
writers in English, from India, UK, Australia, Canada etc.,have brought in a range of styles
which infuse variety, along with a range of values-based themes that can be easily understood
and appreciated by the age group. The learning experiences offered through the activities are
exhaustive as they cover literary appreciation, along with the development of the four language
skills.
2. The Novels: Inculcating habits of extensive and independent reading among youth has always
been a concern for all stakeholders. The two prescribed novels serve the purpose of creating
independent individuals with the ability to not only create their own knowledge, but also
critically interpret, analyse and evaluate it with objectivity and fairness. This will also help
students in learning and acquiring greater proficiency in the language and higher level of skills
in language use. Sample questions are provided at the end of the book as practice materials that
are broadly reflective of the typology.
3. The Language Skills Book is a value added feature of the class XII English curriculum, and is
based on a set of five themes, which students can relate to. The units offer a wide range of sub-
themes and skills -based activities that will equip students to introspect, research, analyse and
evaluate knowledge content independently, extend and apply such knowledge and skills in a
number of academic and professional contexts. Sample questions are provided at the end of the
book as practice materials that are broadly reflective of the typology. By the end of the course,
students will read, write and use grammar structures and a wider set of vocabulary effectively
and, learn to speak and listen efficiently.
4. Speaking and Listening Skills: Speaking and listening skills need a very strong emphasis and is
an important objective leading to academic and professional competence. To this end, speaking
and listening skills are overtly built into the material, namely, the workbook, to guide teachers in
the actualization of the skills. As good communication skills raise the self-esteem and give a
student confidence to face the challenges of life, it is desired that the student acquires proficiency
in it by the time he or she completes school education
The teachers handling the course need to inform themselves regarding the effective use of course
content, teaching methodology, lesson planning, deployment of electronic technology for teaching,
management of group work and independent individual work, managing large classes, appropriate
use of assessment tools and, grading and record keeping to benefit their students.
The seamless integration of the language skills will provide students more focused language skills
necessary for their successful upward mobility academically and professionally, as a result of their
higher standard of English proficiency. This will enhance the total Learning Experience of our
students who will be the unequivocal beneficiaries of the most life-long and significant transferable
job skill that supports the achievement of their life goals, as confident and competent communicators
in English.
The revision of this book would never have been possible but for the sincere effort and devotion put in
by Ms. P. Rajeswary, Education Officer (Academics) and her team, under the leadership of
Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Professor and Director (Academics, Research, Training & Innovation), CBSE.
Any further suggestions are all welcome and will be incorporated in the future editions.
Vineet Joshi
Chairman, CBSE
AcknowledgementAdvisory Panel
Committee of Courses
Co-ordination
Editorial Board
Selection and Development of Materials
Sh. Vineet Joshi, IAS, Chairman, CBSE
Prof. Kapil Kapoor, Pro-Vice Chancellor (Retd.), JNU, New Delhi
Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Professor & Director (ART&I), CBSE
i. Prof. Kapil Kapoor, Pro-Vice Chancellor (Retd.), JNU, N. Delhi, Convener
ii. Prof. Sumanyu Satpathy, Department of English, Delhi University, New Delhi
iii. Dr. Kirti Kapoor, Asstt. Professor, NCERT, N. Delhi,
iv. Dr. Usha Ram, Principal, Laxman Public School, New Delhi
v. Ms. Anita Vats, Principal, RPVV Kishan Ganj, Directorate of Education, Delhi
vi. Dr. Savita Arora, Principal, Bharti Public School, Swasthya Vihar, Delhi
vii. Ms. Pramila Mishra, PGT [English], KV, Pitampura, New Delhi
viii Ms. P. Rajeswary, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi
ix. Ms. Neelima Sharma, Consultant, CBSE, New Delhi
x. Dr. Praggya M. Singh, Joint Director, CBSE, New Delhi
Ms. P. Rajeswary, Education Officer [Academics]
• Ms. Lakshmi Srinivasan, Principal • Ms. Sandhya Awasthi, Principal
• Ms. Gayatri Khanna, ELT Consultant • Ms. Renu Anand, ELT Consultant
• Ms. Lakshmi Srinivasan • Dr. Usha Ram
• Ms. Valsa Balaji • Dr. Savita Arora
• Ms. Vijayalakshmi Raman • Ms. Alka Rai
• Ms. Gayatri Khanna • Ms. Renu Anand
• Ms. Nirmal Bhalla • Ms. Kanta Vadehra
Where ever possible the copyright permission has been applied for. Any information about the other pieces which has not been possible to trace
will be highly appreciated. Appropriate acknowledgement will be made in the future editions of the book.
ContentUnit - 1 : Sports and Sportsmanship 5
Unit - 2 : Arts and Aesthetics 31
Unit - 3 : Inventors and Inventions 58
Unit - 4 : Exploring New Avenues 88
Unit - 5 : Speaking and Listening Practice 113
Sample Questions for Practice 137
Section – A : The Perfect Play 5
Section – B : Games and Glory 11
Section – C : Adventure Sports 15
Section – D : The Superhumans 22
Section – A : Performing Arts 31
Section – B : Blind Opera 38
Section – C : Outsider Art 43
Section – D : An Accomplished Filmmaker 52
Section – E : Reviewing a Film 54
Section – A : Trailblazers 58
Section – B : Robots 68
Section – C : Machine 74
Section – D : Humans Against Virus 76
Section – A : Healing 88
Section – B : Crafts 95
Section – C : Warriors 103
Section – A : A Review 113
Section – B : Language Functions 115
Section – C : In my Office 120
Section – D : Sounds of English - Review 122
Section – E : Listening - Review 129
11
Lis
tenin
g s
kills
They
will:
•R"
Lis
ten a
nd
resp
ond t
o a
n
Readin
g s
kills
a)
They
will re
ad w
ith
unders
tandin
g t
he
follow
ing t
opic
s
Wri
ting s
kills
They
will w
rite
the
follow
ing ite
ms
usi
ng
suit
able
regis
ters
Language S
tructu
re
and c
onventi
ons;
lite
rary
devic
es
Act
ive a
nd P
ass
ive
Com
pound w
ord
• •
Desc
ripti
on/
rati
onale
The U
nit
aim
s at
enco
ura
gin
g a
n
inte
rest
in t
he
Speakin
g s
kills
They
will:
"Part
icip
ate
act
ively
in
•
Matr
ix O
ver
vie
w
Desc
ripti
on/
rati
onale
This
unit
aim
s to
open u
p s
tudents
to
the i
mport
ance
of
a
healt
hy
body
for
a
healt
hy
min
d.
They
will st
udy
live
s and
ach
ieve
ments
of
som
e s
port
ing
hero
es
wit
h s
peci
al
em
phasi
s on
ach
ieve
ments
of
those
who b
rave
d
odds
to a
chie
ve
succ
ess
on t
he
Sport
s fi
eld
.
Lis
tenin
g s
kills
They
will:
Resp
ond t
o a
n
extr
act
fro
m a
story
/art
icle
/
poem
/bio
gra
phy
to g
rasp
the
main
idea
Lis
ten f
or
speci
fic
info
rmati
on
Com
ple
te
state
ments
and
note
s
• • •
Speakin
g s
kills
They
will:
Part
icip
ate
act
ively
in
gro
up
dis
cuss
ions
Delive
r a s
peech
Pre
sent
their
view
poin
t w
ith
clari
ty
Shari
ng ideas
Role
Pla
y
• • • • •
Readin
g s
kills
a)
They
will re
ad w
ith
unders
tandin
g t
he
follow
ing t
opic
s
art
icle
s
report
s,
lite
rary
mate
rials
-
bio
gra
phie
s,
poem
s, s
hort
stori
es/
extr
act
s
Matc
h t
he
follow
ing
Choose
the
right
opti
on
• • •
• •
Wri
ting s
kills
They
will w
rite
the
follow
ing ite
ms
usi
ng
suit
able
regis
ters
and v
oca
bula
ry:
a s
peech
New
spaper
report
Bio
sketc
h
Fact
ual
desc
ripti
on
(desc
ribe a
para
lym
pic
)
Wri
te a
reci
pe
Fra
me q
uest
ions
• • • • • •
Language S
tructu
re
and c
onventi
ons;
lite
rary
devic
es
Kin
ds
of
sente
nce
s
Transf
orm
ati
on o
f
sente
nce
s
Corr
ect
use
of
Idio
ms
Rela
tive
cla
use
-
revi
ew
Rela
tive
pro
nouns-
revi
ew
• • •
• •
•
In t
his
unit
stu
dents
will develo
p t
heir
Unit
1:
Sport
s and
Sport
smansh
ip
In t
his
unit
stu
dents
will develo
p t
heir
Unit
2:
A
rts
and
Aest
heti
cs
22
extr
act
fro
m a
story
/ s
ong/
poem
to g
rasp
the m
ain
idea
Lis
ten f
or
speci
fic
info
rmati
on
Lis
ten f
or
ple
asu
re
Com
ple
te n
ote
s
Shari
ng ideas
Fill in
the b
anks
-Sta
te T
rue
&Fals
e
• • • • •
• • • • • • •
Lett
ers
art
icle
s
lite
rary
mate
rials
-
bio
gra
phie
s, s
hort
stori
es/
extr
act
s
Inte
rvie
w
Matc
h t
he
follow
ing
b)
They
will be a
ble
to t
ake n
ote
s and
sum
mari
se
Choose
the r
ight
opti
on
Com
ple
te t
he
table
and v
oca
bula
ry:
Adve
rtis
em
ent
Form
al and
Info
rmal
Invi
tati
ons/
Replies
Magazi
ne R
eport
Revi
ew
s
Art
icle
Form
al le
tter
Desi
gnin
g a
pam
phle
t
Cir
cula
r
Lett
er
of
invi
tati
on
Wri
te a
ctio
n
pla
n
• • • • • • • • •
•
•Sy
nonym
sPerf
orm
ing A
rts
thro
ugh r
eadin
g a
nd
rese
arc
hin
g
perf
orm
ers
and
perf
orm
ance
s and
art
ists
.
gro
up d
iscu
ssio
ns
Pre
sent
their
view
poin
t w
ith
clari
ty
Dis
cuss
ways
to
reso
lve c
onfl
ict
Speak o
n t
he
giv
en t
opic
Desc
ribe a
n
experi
ence
• • • •
Lis
tenin
g s
kills
They
will:
Lis
ten a
nd
resp
ond t
o a
n
extr
act
fro
m a
bio
gra
phy
/
art
icle
/
inte
rvie
w t
o
gra
sp t
he m
ain
idea
•
Speakin
g s
kills
They
will:
Part
icip
ate
act
ively
in
gro
up
dis
cuss
ions
Pre
sent
their
view
poin
t w
ith
clari
ty
Debate
for
and
• • •
Readin
g s
kills
a)
They
will re
ad w
ith
unders
tandin
g t
he
follow
ing t
opic
s
art
icle
s
report
s,
new
s cl
ippin
g
lite
rary
mate
rials
-
bio
gra
phie
s,
poem
s, s
hort
• • • •
Wri
ting s
kills
They
will w
rite
the
follow
ing ite
ms
usi
ng
suit
able
regis
ters
and v
oca
bula
ry:
New
spaper
report
Scie
nti
fic
report
revi
ew
Wri
te a
n e
ssay
wit
h logic
al
• • •
Language S
tructu
re
and c
onventi
ons;
lite
rary
devic
es
Use
of
tense
s
Sequenci
ng o
f
Tense
s
Fill in
the b
lanks
Use
appro
pri
ate
tense
form
Use
futu
re t
ense
• • •
• • •
Desc
ripti
on/
rati
onale
This
unit
aim
s to
open u
p s
tudents
to
am
azi
ng inve
nti
ons
that
changed/
impro
ved t
he
quality
of
life
of
people
and
inve
nto
rs w
ho
inve
nte
d t
hose
In t
his
unit
stu
dents
will develo
p t
heir
Unit
3:
In
vento
rs a
nd
Inventi
ons
33
• •
Lis
ten f
or
speci
fic
info
rmati
on
Lis
ten a
nd
com
ple
te t
he
inte
rvie
w t
able
and f
ill in
the
bla
nks
again
st a
n idea
and c
om
e t
o a
conse
nsu
s
Role
Pla
y
-Pre
ss
confe
rence
s
-Pre
ss r
eport
Shari
ng v
iew
s
Speak a
bout
PPT
• • •
sto
ries/
extr
act
s
b)
They
will be a
ble
to t
ake n
ote
s and
sum
mari
se
Att
em
pt
true/fa
lse
•
conti
nuit
y and
fluency
Wri
te a
bout
a
rese
arc
h p
roje
ct
Cla
ssif
ied
Adve
rtis
em
ents
Art
icle
Bro
chure
Slogan W
riti
ng
Imagin
ary
inte
rvie
w
Form
al le
tter
of
com
pla
int
• • • • • • •
mach
ines
in r
eality
or
in f
icti
on.
They
will hopefu
lly,
realise
that
scie
nti
sts
were
people
who
quest
ioned t
he
giv
en s
yste
ms
and
att
itudes.
Unit
4:
Explo
ring n
ew
A
venues
Lis
tenin
g s
kills
They
will:
Lis
ten a
nd
resp
ond t
o a
n
extr
act
fro
m a
story
/ a
rtic
le/
poem
/
bio
gra
phy
to
gra
sp t
he m
ain
idea
Lis
ten f
or
speci
fic
info
rmati
on
Lis
ten a
nd
• • •
Speakin
g s
kills
They
will:
Part
icip
ate
act
ively
in
gro
up
dis
cuss
ions
Pre
sent
their
view
poin
t w
ith
clari
ty
Debate
for
and
again
st a
n idea
and c
om
e t
o a
conse
nsu
s
Read o
ut
• • • •
Readin
g s
kills
a)
They
will re
ad w
ith
unders
tandin
g t
he
follow
ing t
opic
s
Adve
rtis
em
ents
art
icle
s
report
s
inte
rpre
ting
info
rmati
on
rela
ted t
o j
obs
lite
rary
mate
rials
-
bio
gra
phie
s,
poem
s, s
hort
stori
es/
extr
act
s
• • • • •
Wri
ting s
kills
They
will w
rite
the
follow
ing ite
ms
usi
ng
suit
able
regis
ters
and v
oca
bula
ry:
Wri
ting a
job
applica
tion
(wit
h/ w
ithout
resu
me)
Busi
ness
Lett
ers
:
Info
rmal le
tters
:
Wri
te a
chara
cter
sketc
h
Para
gra
ph w
riti
ng
• • • •
Language S
tructu
re
and c
onventi
ons;
lite
rary
devic
es
Dir
ect
and Indir
ect
Punct
uati
on
Cro
ssw
ord
puzz
le
• • •
In t
his
unit
stu
dents
will develo
p t
heir
Desc
ripti
on/
rati
onale
The a
im is
to g
ive
students
the
opport
unit
y to
consi
der
their
stre
ngth
s and
asp
irati
ons
.They
will be e
nco
ura
ged
to r
efl
ect
on t
heir
pri
ori
ties
and
act
ively
engage in
pla
nnin
g t
heir
futu
re.
44
Lis
tenin
g s
kills
They
will:
Lis
ten a
nd
resp
ond t
o a
n
extr
act
fro
m a
story
/ s
ong/
poem
to g
rasp
the c
entr
al
them
e
Lis
ten f
or
speci
fic
info
rmati
on
Lis
ten f
or
ple
asu
re
Lis
ten a
nd
choose
the r
ight
answ
er
• • • •
Speakin
g s
kills
They
will:
Part
icip
ate
act
ively
in
gro
up
dis
cuss
ions
Pre
sent
their
view
poin
t w
ith
clari
ty
Dis
cuss
ways
to
reso
lve c
onfl
ict
Debate
for
and
again
st a
n idea
and c
om
e t
o a
conse
nsu
s
Conve
rsati
on
• • • • •
Unders
tandin
g o
f C
oncepts
• • • • • •
Speech
Mech
anis
m
Org
ans
of
Speech
Cla
ssif
icati
on o
f
Vow
els
,
Dip
hth
ongs,
Card
inal Vow
els
Hom
onym
s and
Hom
ophones,
Stre
ss a
nd R
hyt
hm
,
Into
nati
on,
Fig
ure
s of
speech
Desc
ripti
on/
rati
onale
Deve
lop s
tudents
' confi
dence
to r
esp
ond f
luentl
y and
inte
llig
entl
y in
English
duri
ng
situ
ati
ons
where
the u
se o
f
English
is
impera
tive
.
Revi
ew
str
ate
gie
s to
lis
ten w
ith
com
pre
hensi
on t
o s
poken
English
, esp
eci
ally
in t
he
conte
xt
of
form
al aca
dem
ic
dis
cuss
ions,
inte
rvie
ws
and
about
care
er
pro
spect
s.
Enable
stu
dents
to b
e
inte
rnati
onally
inte
llig
ible
duri
ng t
heir
com
munic
ati
ve
exch
anges
so t
hat
they
can
pla
y a r
ange o
f ro
les
in
aca
dem
ic,
soci
al as
well a
s in
futu
re w
ork
pla
ce c
onte
xts
.
• • •
co
mple
te t
he
state
ments
Lis
ten a
nd
choose
the r
ight
answ
er
•
cita
tions
wit
h
appro
pri
ate
stre
ss
Make a
pre
senta
tion
support
ed b
y
PPT
•
a)
They
will be a
ble
to
take n
ote
s and
sum
mari
se
b)
Unders
tand a
nd
choose
the r
ight
opti
on
c)Read a
nd c
om
ple
te
the m
ind m
ap
d)
Com
ple
te c
are
er
chart
e)
Choose
the c
orr
ect
m
eanin
g
•N
ew
spaper
report
In t
his
unit
stu
dents
will develo
p t
heir
Unit
5:
Speakin
g and
Lis
tenin
g Sk
ills
- R
evie
w &
Pra
ctic
e