Re/presenting Readings of the Indigenous Literary Terrain

bySandraR.Phillips

Bachelor of Arts University of Queensland 1988

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2011

Abstract

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Keywords

Aboriginal!InquiryAustralian!literatureAustralian!publishingCarpentaria!(2006)

DiscourseIndigenous!Australian!literatureIndigenous!Australian!publishing

Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance!(1995)Literary!criticismMy!Place!(1987)PostcolonialPostcolonisingReader!Response!"#$%&"'"()*)+,!-./"0+)*)+,

Table of Contents

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Chapter(1( Introduction(( 11

Chapter(2((( Literature(Review(( 19B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " GH60&'#'0,',3"#$%"&#(+8""" MNA$%"Z)00RY":,+"1:*'/5:#'0,&"-01"B,+'3%,0(&"5(.#(1%"" MIA$%"Z)00RY":,+"!(&#1:.':" TGB,+'3%,0(&"01:.":,+"Q1'##%,".'#%1:#(1%" TMB,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3":,+"#$%"%*%13%,5%"0-"#$%"Z!)01'3',:.":(#$01Y"" TTA$%"B,+'3%,0(&".'#%1:18";0'5%"" TIU1:*',3"#$%"!(#$01"" " cMU1:*',3"#$%"6().'&$%1"" cTU1:*',3"#$%"S;%18+:8"\%:+%1"" cL90,5.(&'0,"" " " " LL

Chapter(3((( Methodology( 56B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " LO\%&%:15$"U1:*%Q01R" " LJ60&#50.0,':.":,+"60&#50.0,'&',3"U1:*%Q01R" LJ!)01'3',:."B,2('18"U1:*%Q01R" LH>#:,+70',#d"e0#":"]50,&5'0(&"'&0.:#%^" OGA$%"A$1%%"A%D#&":,+"#$%'1":(#$01&C"7().'&$%1&":,+"%;%18+:8"1%:+%1&" OOA$%"4:#:"90..%5#'0," " JGA$%"4:#:"!,:.8&'&" " JT90,5.(&'0," " " " JL

Chapter(4((( Authors( ( 76B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " JO

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Chapter(5((( Publishers(( 129B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " GMH>%5#'0,"Gd"" !(&#1:.':,"f00R"6().'&$',3"" GTT>%5#'0,"Md"" U1%*:,#.%"61%&&":,+"My!Place"EGHIJK"" GTJ"" MPGd""4%5'+',3"#0"6().'&$"" GTH" MPMd""S+'#',3"#0"6().'&$" GcM" MPTd""6().'&$',3"#0"F:1R%#" GcI>%5#'0,"Td"" F:3:):.:"f00R&":,+"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK" "GLN" TPGd""4%5'+',3"#0"6().'&$"" GLG" TPMd""S+'#',3"#0"6().'&$" GLO" " TPMPG"U'1&#"',W$0(&%"1%:+',3" GLO" " TPMPM"f(,():"50,&(.#:,#"1%:+',3":,+"#1%:#*%,#" GLJ" " TPMPT">%50,+"',W$0(&%"1%:+',3":,+"#1%:#*%,#" GLH" " TPMPc"A$'1+"',W$0(&%"1%:+',3":,+"#1%:#*%,#" GON" TPTd""6().'&$',3"#0"F:1R%#" GOT>%5#'0,"cd"" X'1:*0,+0"6().'&$',3"90*7:,8":,+"Carpentaria"EMNNOK" GOJ" cPGd""4%5'+',3"#0"6().'&$" GOI"

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Chapter(6( Everyday(Readers( 185B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " GIL>%5#'0,"Gd" A$%"S;%18+:8"\%:+%1"90$01#" GIH>%5#'0,"Md"" \%&0,:,5%"',"\%:+%1W1%&70,&%"" GHc>%5#'0,"Td"" V,0Q.%+3%"',"\%:+%1W1%&70,&%" GHI"" TPGd""My!Place"EGHIJK" GHH" TPMd"""Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"" MNN"" TPTd""Carpentaria"EMNNOK" MNG>%5#'0,"cd"" h(+3%*%,#"',"\%:+%1W1%&70,&%" MNT"" cPGd""My!Place"EGHIJK" MNc"" cPMd""Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"" MNc"" cPTd""Carpentaria"EMNNOK" MNL>%5#'0,"Ld"" !5#'0,"',"\%:+%1W1%&70,&%" MNI90,5.(&'0,"" " " " MGN

Chapter(7(( Conclusion(( 211B,#10+(5#'0,"" " " MGG>%5#'0,"Gd"" >(**:18"\%&70,&%"#0"#$%"\%&%:15$"?(%&#'0," MGT>%5#'0,"Md"" b;%1:.."U',+',3&"" MGL" MPGd""!(#$01&" MGL"" MPMd""6().'&$%1&" MGJ"" MPTd""S;%18+:8"\%:+%1&" MGH90,5.(&'0," " " " MGHReferences( $ $ $ 221Appendices$$ $ $ 230

Statement of Original Authorship

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Acknowledgements

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Chapter 1Introduction

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12

Chapter One

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13

Introduction

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14

Chapter One

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15

Introduction

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16

Chapter One

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17

Introduction

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18

Chapter One

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19

 

Chapter 2 LiteratureReview

Introduction

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20

Chapter Two

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Positioning the study

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21

Literature Review

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22

Chapter Two

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23

Literature Review

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24

Chapter Two

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25

Literature Review

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g0Q%;%1C"%;%,"'-" #$%"]/%15%" .'0,^"_"01" ',"#$'&"5:&%">:..8"F013:,"Q'#$"My!Place" EGHIJKC"g0Q:1+" 6%+%1&%," '," 50..:)01:#'0,"Q'#$" f:,`0"<001(,*(11:" 0,"Jandamarra! and! the! Bunuba! Resistance" EGHHLK" :,+" !.%D'&" <1'3$#" Q'#$" Carpentaria$EMNNOK"_"Q1'#%&"):5RC"#$%"2(%&#'0,"0-"$0Q"#$%&%"#%D#&":1%"1%:+")%50*%&":,"%&&%,#':."+8,:*'5" '," 1%3:1+" #0" :,8" 70&&').%" ,%Q" ]50*7.%D" +':.%5#'5" 0-" 1%',-015%*%,#^"

26

Chapter Two

EGHJIC" HcKP"!&"71%;'0(&.8" %&#:).'&$%+C" #$%" #%D#&" '," #$'&" &#(+8" %:5$" ',501701:#%" #$%"&()`%5#&" 0-" B,+'3%,0(&" Q01.+;'%Q" :,+" B,+'3%,0(&" %D7%1'%,5%" :,+" %:5$" )1',3&"-01Q:1+" 1%71%&%,#:#'0,&"01"71%&%,#:#'0,&"0-" B,+'3%,%'#8",0#"71%;'0(&.8"+0*',:,#P"U01"%D:*7.%C">:..8"F013:,Y&"My!Place"Q$%,"'#"Q:&"/1&#"7().'&$%+"',"GHIJ"Q:&"0,%"0-" #$%"/1&#")00RW.%,3#$"!(&#1:.':,"#%D#&"+%#:'.',3"#$%" `0(1,%8"0-"50*',3"):5R"',#0"!)01'3',:."'+%,#'#8":-#%1"3%,%1:#'0,&"0-"30;%1,*%,#"',#%1;%,#'0,"',#0"#$:#"-:*'.8Y&".'-%P"!.&0C"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"Q:&"0,%"0-"#$%"/1&#"0-"'#&"R',+C":"&05':."$'&#018"0-":"1%3'0,"',"!(&#1:.':"#$:#"71';'.%3%+"7%1&7%5#';%&"-10*"!)01'3',:."01:." $'&#018" :,+" #%&#'*0,8P" Carpentaria" EMNNOK" #00" $:&" )%%," .:(+%+" -01" '#&" ,%Q"%;05:#'0,"0-"#$%"&7'1'#WQ01.+":,+"B,+'3%,0(&".:Q":&"Q%..":&"-01"'#&"(&%"0-"!)01'3',:.";%1,:5(.:1".:,3(:3%C"%.%*%,#&"#$:#"$:;%",0#"#87'5:..8"-%:#(1%+"',"!(&#1:.':,",0;%."Q1'#',3":,+"5%1#:',.8"1:1%.8"',"Q:8&"<1'3$#Y&"Q01.+.8"%D7%1'%,5%")1',3&"#0")%:1P"A$'&"&#(+8Y&"#%D#"&%.%5#'0,"',5.(+%&"0#$%1"+';%1&'#8d"&',3.%W:(#$01%+"#%D#&")8"!)01'3',:."Q0*%," '," #$%" 5:&%" 0-"My!Place" EGHIJK" :,+"Carpentaria! EMNNOKa" :,+" :" 50..:)01:#';%"!)01'3',:.":,+",0,W!)01'3',:.":(#$01',3":11:,3%*%,#"',"#$%"5:&%"0-"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLKP"A$%"3%,1%&":1%"+'--%1%,#"#0"%:5$"0#$%1d"My!Place"EGHIJK"'&":(#0)'031:7$'5:.".'-%Q1'#',3":,+"-:*'.8"$'&#018C"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance$EGHHLK"&05':."$'&#018a":,+C"Carpentaria"EMNNOK".'#%1:18"/5#'0,P""

4%&7'#%" #$'&" +';%1&'#8" #$%&%" #%D#&" :1%" 310(7%+" #03%#$%1" -01" 51'#'5:."',;%&#'3:#'0,")8" #$%'1"50**0,"&()`%5#&"0-" B,+'3%,0(&"Q01.+;'%Q":,+"B,+'3%,0(&"%D7%1'%,5%P" A$'&" 310(7',3" )8" &()`%5#"*:##%1" '&" '," 7:1#" :" 50,&%2(%,5%" 0-" S+Q:1+">:'+Y&"#$%018"0-"b1'%,#:.'&*":,+"'#&"(,+%17',,',3"]#%D#(:.":##'#(+%^":,+"]50*7.%D"+':.%5#'5"0-"1%',-015%*%,#^P">:'+Y&"#$%018".05:#%&"&(5$"&()`%5#"*:##%1"Q'#$',"+'&50(1&%":,+"Q'#$',"#$%"Q01.+":,+"#$:#".05:#'0,")1',3&"Q'#$"'#"50,&'+%1:#'0,&"#$:#"1%.:#%"#0"3%,1%":,+"#0"#$%"7$:&%&"0-":"#%D#Y&"`0(1,%8"-10*":(#$01',3"#0""7().'&$',3"#0"%;%18+:8"1%:+',3P" F:18" X1:$:*Y&" 50,5%7#" #$:#" ]1%[%5#';%" #$0(3$#" '&" :.Q:8&" :&&05':#%+"Q'#$" #$%"0#$%1^" EMNNIC"7:1:P"GHK" '&" #$%"0#$%1" " 50,5%7#" #$:#"(,+%17',&" #$'&" 1%&%:15$"01'%,#:#'0,P"X1:$:*Y&"50,5%7#"&'#&"Q'#$',":")10:+%1"+%/,'#'0,"0-"!)01'3',:."B,2('18"Q$%1%',"&$%"70&'#&"#$:#d"

A$%":5#';'#8"0-"7$'.0&07$'5:."&7%5(.:#'0,"&$0(.+",0#")%"%,3:3%+"',":.0,%C",01" '," :" 50*7%#'#';%C" :+;%1&:1':." +%):#%C" )(#"Q'#$" 0#$%1&" '," :" &$:1',3"%,;'10,*%,#C" &0" #$:#" 1%[%5#';%" #$0(3$#" '&" :.Q:8&" :&&05':#%+" Q'#$" #$%"0#$%1Y"EX1:$:*"MNNIC"7:1:P"GHKP

27

Literature Review

A$%&%"7$'.0&07$'5:."(,+%17',,',3&":&"%&70(&%+")8"X1:$:*"1%[%5#"#$%"5%,#1:."#%,%#&"0-" #$'&" 1%&%:15$"Q$'5$":1%" #0"%.'5'#" ',&'3$#":,+" #$0(3$#" -10*":"&7%5#1(*"0-"0#$%1&"',;0.;%+"',":")00RY&".'-%"585.%P"A$'&"&#(+8"%*7.08&")0#$">:'+Y&"(77%1W5:&%"ZbY"]b#$%1^"EGHJIK":&"Q%..":&"X1:$:*Y&".0Q%1"5:&%"Z0Y"]0#$%1^"EMNNIKP"A$%"(&%"0-">:'+Y&"]b#$%1^"+1:Q&"0,"#$%"Q'+%.8W:55%7#%+":,+"(,+%1&#00+"*%:,',3"#$:#"'#"1%-%1&"#0"7%07.%&"Q$0"$:;%"$'&#01'5:..8")%%,"+%/,%+")8"#$%"<%&#C"',"#$'&"&#(+8"#$:#"0-"50(1&%"'&"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':,&P"F:18"X1:$:*Y&"]0#$%1&^"EMNNIK"'&":")10:+%1"50,5%7#"#$:#"%*)0+'%&"#$%",0#'0,"#$:#"%:5$"7%1&0,"%D'&#&"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"%:5$"0#$%1":,+"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"#$%"#$',3&"#$%8"0)&%1;%P"

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l:":&&%1#&" #$:#" 1%[%D';'#8" '&" :" 1%&%:15$" &#1:#%38" #$:#" ]1%2('1%&" 0,%" #0" &#:,+" 0(#&'+%"0,%Y&"0Q,"%D7%1'%,5%&":,+" ',#%103:#%"0,%Y&" 10.%C";:.(%&C")%.'%-&C":,+":&&(*7#'0,&"(,+%17',,',3"0,%Y&"7:1#'5'7:#'0,"',"#$%"1%&%:15$^"EMNNcC"cJMKP"A$%"',W+%7#$":55%&&"#$'&"&#(+8"3:',&"#0"#$%"&%.-W1%[%D';%"7%1&7%5#';%&"0-"#$%"&%.%5#%+"#%D#&Y":(#$01&C"7().'&$%1&":,+"%;%18+:8"1%:+%1&"'&"1%2('1%+"&0"#$:#":,8"#$%018"0(#50*%&"-10*"#$'&"1%&%:15$":1%")('.#"(7"-10*"#$%"71:5#'5%W',-01*%+"+:#:":,+"',"#(1,")('.+"(70,"-(#(1%"#$%01%#'5:."70&&')'.'#'%&P"!&":"1%&%:15$%1"B"$:;%":.&0"Q1'##%,"*8&%.-"',#0"#$'&"&#(+8"#$10(3$"*8":1#'5(.:#'0,&"0-"&#:,+70',#"',"9$:7#%1"T"F%#$0+0.038":,+"',"9$:7#%1"L"6().'&$%1&"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"#$%"7().'&$',3"10.%"B"7%1-01*%+"0,"0,%"0-"#$%"&%.%5#%+"#%D#&P"4%">0(l:"&:8&"&%.-W1%[%D';'#8":++&"]%D7.:,:#018"1'5$,%&&"#0"#$%"+:#:^"EMNNcC"cJMK":,+"',"#$%"50,#%D#"0-"#$'&"&#(+8C"'#")%50*%&")0#$"1%&%:15$"&#1:#%38":,+"1%&%:15$"0(#50*%C"Q'#$"#$%"1'5$"+:#:"-10*"#$%"#$1%%"50$01#"0-"#%D#(:.":3%,#&"_"#$%":(#$01&C"7().'&$%1&":,+"%;%18+:8"1%:+%1&"_"710+(5',3"#$%"1%&%:15$"/,+',3&":,+"',-01*',3"#$%"1%&%:15$"50,5.(&'0,&P

\%:+%1W1%&70,&%" #$%01'&#" >#:,.%8" U'&$" 71070&%&" #$:#" ]70%*&" :1%" Q$:#"#$%8"+0^"EGHINC"MTKP"A$'&"&#(+8"$:&"%D#1:70.:#%+"#$:#",0#'0,"#0".'#%1:#(1%"'11%&7%5#';%"0-"3%,1%":,+"&%%R&"#0"(,+%1&#:,+"Q$:#"#$%"&%.%5#%+"#%D#&":5#(:..8"+0P"\%:+%1W1%&70,&%"'&":")10:+"#$%01%#'5:."310(7',3"#$:#"#:R%&"',#0":550(,#"*:,8"+'--%1%,#":7710:5$%&a"#$10(3$"#$%"-(,+:*%,#:.",0#'0,"#$:#"1%:+%1&"*:R%"#$%'1"0Q,"*%:,',3&"0(#"0-"#$%'1"*%+':#'0,&"0-"#%D#&"'&"#$%"5%,#1:.":55%7#%+",0#'0,P"F%:,',3W*:R',3"'&":.&0":"5%,#1:."

28

Chapter Two

,0#'0," '," #$%"/%.+"0-" 5(.#(1:." &#(+'%&C"Q$%1%" 50,#%&#:#'0,&":,+"&#1(33.%&")%#Q%%,"+'--%1%,#" 5(.#(1:." 310(7',3&" :1%" :55%7#%+" :&" :" 7:1#" 0-" #$%" 50,#%*701:18" &05':.C"70.'#'5:.":,+"5(.#(1:.".:,+&5:7%P"A$%"Z)00RY"&%%*&")0#$":"#:R%,W-01W31:,#%+"-%:#(1%"0-" #$%"5(.#(1:." .:,+&5:7%":&"Q%..":&":,"0)`%5#"(,+%1"&0*%" -01*"0-" #$1%:#")8"%;%1W%;0.;',3"+'3'#:."#%5$,0.03'%&P"B,"01+%1"#0"(,+%1&#:,+"My!Place"EGHIJKC"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK":,+"Carpentaria"EMNNOKC"'#"'&",%5%&&:18"#0"(,+%1&#:,+"#$%")00R":&":"<%&#%1,"5(.#(1:." -01*"#$:#":11';%+"#0"#$%"!(&#1:.':,"50,#',%,#" `(&#"0;%1"#Q0"5%,#(1'%&":30P"A$%"Z)00RY":11';%+":&":"7:1#"0-":"50.0,':."7:5R:3%"#$:#"Q1%:R%+"$:;05"0,"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':,"5(.#(1%&":,+"Q:8&"0-")%',3a"#$(&"#$%"1%.:#'0,&$'7&"-013%+")%#Q%%,"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%&"',"!(&#1:.':":,+"#$'&"-01*"0-"5(.#(1:."%D71%&&'0,"'&"50*7.'5:#%+")8",(*%10(&":,+"+%%7.8W%*)%++%+"&#1:,+&"0-"5(.#(1:.":,+"70.'#'5:."#%,&'0,P"A$%&%"&#1:,+&"`(&#'-8"#$'&"&#(+8Y&"(&%"0-"F01%#0,W\0)',&0,Y&"EMNNTK":5#';%";%1)C"70&#50.0,'&',3a"#$%"50.0,':."7:5R:3%":,+"'#&"0,30',3".%3:5'%&"',[(%,5%".'#%1:18"710+(5#'0,":,+"',#%171%#:#'0,"',"Q:8&"#$:#":1%"'+%,#'/%+":,+"%D:*',%+"#$10(3$0(#";:1'0(&"&%5#'0,&"0-"#$'&"&#(+8P"

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29

Literature Review

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30

Chapter Two

A$%":+;%,#"0-"*:&&W.'#%1:58"Q'#$',"S(107%:,"&05'%#8C"#$%".05:#'0,"0-")00R&":&"#$%"*0&#"&'3,'/5:,#"&0(15%"0-"R,0Q.%+3%C":,+"#$(&"1%:+',3":&":",%5%&&:18"&05':."71:5#'5%"Q%1%"',#%1W.',R%+"0(#50*%&"0-"#$%"+0*',:,#"#%D#W71';'.%3',3"*0+%&"0-"&05':."013:,'&:#'0,"',"GHth":,+"MNth"9%,#(18"<%&#%1,"$'&#018P"B,"&0*%"Q:8&"Q$:#"S(107%"%D7%1'%,5%+"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"#%D#W71';'.%3',3"',"#$%"GHth":,+"MN#$"5%,#(1'%&C"'&"Q$:#"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':"$:&"$:+"#0"50,#%,+"Q'#$"',"#$%"MN#$"9%,#(18":,+"0,30',3"',#0"#$%"MGstP"

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31

Literature Review

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A$%" Z)00RY" 5:*%" #0" #$'&" 50,#',%,#" '," GJJNC" :,+"!(&#1:.':," 1%:+%1&" &()&%2(%,#.8"710;%+" ',;:.(:).%" #0" #$%" f1'#'&$" S*7'1%P" !(&#1:.':" )%5:*%" #$%" .:13%&#" &',3.%"*:1R%#" -01"f1'#'&$")00R"%D701#&" -10*"GIIN" #0"GHLTC" '*701#',3",0" .%&&" #$:,"MLo"0-"f1'#:',Y&")00R"%D701#&")%#Q%%,"GHNN":,+"#$%">%50,+"<01.+"<:1$E!f>"MNNLKP"<'#$":,"',+(&#18"50,5%';%+"Q'#$',"GIth":,+"GHth"9%,#(18"f1'#'&$"50.0,':.'&*C"!(&#1:.':,")00R"$'&#01':,&";:1'0(&.8"+:#%"#$%"%*%13%,#"',+%7%,+%,5%"0-"#$%"!(&#1:.':,"7().'&$',3"-10*" #$%" 70&#W<01.+"<:1" BB" 7%1'0+P"<$'.%" f1'#'&$" 7().'&$',3" ',[(%,5%+" #$%" ,%Q"50.0,8"0-"!(&#1:.':C"!(&#1:.':,&"#00"$:+"',[(%,5%"0,"7().'&$',3"+%5'&'0,&"',"f1'#:',P"B,":++'#'0,C"*:`01"%;%,#&C"&(5$":&"Q:1C":.&0"50,#1')(#%+"#0"#$%"Q01R"0-"7().'&$%1&":,+"#$%"710+(5#'0,"0-"#%D#P"f1'3'+"F:3,%1"$'3$.'3$#&"#$:#"<01.+"<:1"BB"]',+'1%5#.8")%,%/#%+"!(&#1:.':,".'#%1:18"5(.#(1%")%5:(&%"'#"0--%1%+"07701#(,'#'%&"-01"',+%7%,+%,#"07%1:#'0,&" #$:#" Q%1%" (,'*:3',:).%" 01+',:1'.8^" E'," F(,10" :,+" >$%:$:,Wf1'3$#"MNNOC" IKP" F:3,%1" (,+%1&#:,+&" #$%" )(13%0,',3" 0-" %+(5:#'0,:." 7().'&$',3" '," #$'&"7%1'0+" :&" :" &'3,'/5:,#" -:5#01" '," #$%" 310Q#$"0-"!(&#1:.':,"7().'&$',3P"F(,10" :,+">$%:$:,Wf1'3$#"50,5(1d"

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32

Chapter Two

A$%1%"Q:&"Q1'#',3"PPP"',"#$'&",%Q"!(&#1:.':"#$:#"$:+"+'--%1%,#"&0(,+&":,+"1$8#$*&C"#$:#"&70R%C"',";0'5%&":,+"'*:3%&"#$:#"0-#%,"$:+"#$%'1"01'3',&"',"0#$%1"7:1#&"0-"#$%"Q01.+")(#"Q%1%"1%503,'l:).8"0(1"0Q,C"#0":(+'%,5%&"Q$0"Q%1%"$%1%P">0*%"0-"#$%"Q01R"Q:&"&%.-W50,&5'0(&":,+"&0*%"0-"'#"+%1';:#';%")(#"*0&#.8"'#"Q:&"/,+',3"'#&"0Q,"-01*&"#$:#"Q%1%"(,50*710*'&',3P"PPP"A$%"70&#WGHOI"3%,%1:#'0,"%;%18Q$%1%"Q:&"*:R',3",%Q":1#"-01",%Q":(+'%,5%&".%&&"50,&#1:',%+")8"-01*":,+"-(,5#'0,"EMNNGC"GcGKP"

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33

Literature Review

#1:+'#'0,&"#$:#"$:&".%+"51'#'5&"#0"50,5(1"#$:#"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3"',"!(&#1:.':"$:&")%%,"7:1#"0-"#$%"5(.#(1:.C"&05':.":,+"70.'#'5:."-:)1'5"0-"#$%",%Q"70&#W',;:&'0,"&05'%#8"-01"&0*%"#'*%"EF(+100100"GHHLa">$0%*:R%1"GHHIa"\0&%"GHHOa"F01%#0,W\0)',&0,"MNNNa"g%'&&"MNNTa"X10&&*:,"MNNOa";:,"A001,"MNNOKP"n%#" #$%"7.:5%"0-" B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3"1%*:',&"0,"#$%"-1',3%"0-"*:`01'#8".'#%1:18"51'#'5'&*P"F(5$"0-"Q$:#"'&"Q1'##%,":)0(#"!(&#1:.':,"Q1'#',3":,+"7().'&$',3"&#'.."+1:Q&"$%:;'.8"0,"#$%"#107%"0-"Z,%QY";0'5%&"#$:#"$:;%")%%,",(1#(1%+":,+"-0(,+"%D71%&&'0,"',"#$%"Z,%QY"$0*%"710;'+%+")8"#$'&"50,#',%,#P"B,":"MNGG"1:+'0"',#%1;'%QC"41"!,'#:"g%'&&"%&#'*:#%+"#$:#"#$%1%":1%"0;%1"LCNNN"!)01'3',:.":,+"A011%&">#1:'#"B&.:,+%1"Q1'#%1&"',"!(&#1:.':P"g0Q"!)01'3',:."#1:+'#'0,&":,+",:11:#';%&"5:,")%")10(3$#"-01Q:1+"#$10(3$".'#%1:#(1%"0-#%,".%:+&"#0"+'&5(&&'0,":)0(#"710#050.&"Q'#$',":"+'&50(1&%"0-" %.'3')'.'#8C" #$'&"+'&50(1&%" #87'5:..8"70&'#'0,&"Q1'#%1&":&",0,WB,+'3%,0(&":,+"#$%"5(.#(1:."Q%:.#$":&"#$%"',#:,3').%"5(.#(1:."$%1'#:3%"0-"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':,&P"?(%&#'0,&"0-"%.'3')'.'#8"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"',#:,3').%"$%1'#:3%":1%"50;%1%+":&":"50,&%2(%,5%"0-"#$%*")%',3"'&&(%&"',"#$%"710+(5#'0,"0-"&%.%5#"#%D#&C"',"7:1#'5(.:1"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLKP"

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34

Chapter Two

:52(:',#:,5%"Q$:#"#$%"&#(+8"Q:&":)0(#C":-#%1"%D7.:',',3"',")1'%-"#$:#"'#"',5.(+%+":"50,&'+%1:#'0,"0-"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3C"$%"1%7.'%+d"]A$%1%"Q0(.+,Y#")%"*:,8"0-"#$%*"Q0(.+"#$%1%m^"6%,,8";:,"A001,"EMNNOK"50,#%,+&"#$:#"]:+`(&#',3"#$%"#$%01%#'5:.".%,&"#$10(3$"Q$'5$"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3"'&"7%15%';%+C":",%Q"$'&#018"0-"!)01'3',:."Q1'#',3"50*%&"',#0";'%Q^"EMKP"<$%,"#$%".%,&"'&":+`(&#%+C"'#")%50*%&":77:1%,#"#$:#"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':,&"Q%1%"(&',3"Q1'#',3":&":"*%:,&"-01"50**(,'5:#',3"Q'#$"%:5$"0#$%1":,+"Q'#$"#$%"*:`01'#8"5(.#(1%"-10*"#$%"GINN&"0,Q:1+&P"F(5$"0-"#$%&%"/1&#"Q1'#',3&")8"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%"',"#$%"50.0,':."%1:"Q%1%"',"#$%"-01*"0-"710#%&#&":,+"7.%:&"EX10&&*:,"MNNOa" \0&%" GHHOa"F',#%1" :,+"g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the!Australian!Abo!Call"E\0&%"GHHOC"F:1R(&"MNNJKP"B,+'3%,0(&":+;05:58"Q'#$"&5:15%"-(,+&"&:Q"#$%"7().'5:#'0,"0-":"50,&'+%1:).%",(*)%1"0-",%Q&.%##%1&":,+"*:3:l',%&"&(5$":&" Flinders! Island! ChronicleC" GITJWGITIa"Westralian! AboriginesC" GHLTWGHLJa"Aboriginal!and!Islander!ForumC"GHJLWGHIGa"IdentityC"GHJGWGHIMa"N.Q.!MessagestickC"GHJLWGHIOa":,+C"Torres!NewsC" GIIIW71%&%,#" E\0&%"GHHOC" MGMWMGTKP"SD:*7.%&"0-" B,+'3%,0(&":+;05:58":,+"Q1'#',3"50(.+")%"Q'#,%&&%+"',":";:1'%#8"0-" .05:#'0,&"',"#$%"GINN&C"#$10(3$"#$%"%:1.8"GHNN&":,+"Q'#$"31%:#%1"'*7:5#"-10*"#$%"GHTI">%&2('5%,#%,:18"0,Q:1+&P">0*%"#Q%,#8W,',%"8%:1&":-#%1"#$%"GHTI"Day!of!MourningC"#$%"&(55%&&-(."5:*7:'3,',3"0-"#$%"U%+%1:."90(,5'."-01"!)01'3',:.":,+"A011%&">#1:'#"B&.:,+%1&"EU9!!A>BK":,+":..'%&"&:Q"#$%"GHOJ"!(&#1:.':,"1%-%1%,+(*"1%#(1,',3":"+%5'&'0,"#0"1%7%:.":,+":*%,+"&%5#'0,&"0-"#$%"90,&#'#(#'0,"',"01+%1"-01"#$%"90**0,Q%:.#$"#0"%,:5#"Z&7%5':.".:Q&Y"-01"!)01'3',:."7%07.%"',"7:1#'5(.:1"5'15(*&#:,5%&C":,+"-01"!)01'3',:."7%07.%"#0")%"',5.(+%+"',"#$%"5%,&(&P"A$%&%"0(#50*%&"Q%1%"7%1$:7&",0#"#$%"&#1'R',3";'5#018"#$:#"0(1"Day!of!Mourning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a":,+"*:,8"*01%"8%:1&")%-01%"#$%"

35

Literature Review

30;%1,*%,#"0-"#$%"+:8"+%+'5:#%+":"F','&#%1"#0"0;%1&%%":,"!)01'3',:."!--:'1&"701#-0.'0"EF:1R(&"MNNJKP"A$%"71%;:'.',3"B,+'3%,0(&"70&'#'0,":,#'5'7:#%+"#$:#"90**0,Q%:.#$".:Q&"Q0(.+"50(,#%1"&0*%"0-"#$%"1%71%$%,&').%".%3'&.:#'0,"',#10+(5%+")8"#$%"&#:#%&P"e0,%#$%.%&&C" B,+'3%,0(&" 50**(,'#8"013:,'&:#'0,C" :+;05:58":,+"Q1'#',3" #$10(3$"#$%"GINN&":,+"GHNN&"&$0Q%+"#$:#"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%"Q%1%"71%7:1%+"#0"(&%"Q1'#',3"#0"%D71%&&":,+"-(1#$%1"#$%'1"0Q,"&05':.C"5(.#(1:.":,+"70.'#'5:."30:.&P"B,":++'#'0,"#0"Q1'#',3")%',3"(&%+":&":"R%8"5:*7:'3,"&#1:#%38"',"B,+'3%,0(&"710#%&#"*0;%*%,#&C"#$%" :11';:." 0-" :," ',+';'+(:."Q$0"Q:&" :.&0" $:1,%&&',3"Q1'#',3" 1%71%&%,#&" :,0#$%1"&'3,'/5:,#"#(1,',3"70',#"',"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3"',"!(&#1:.':P$

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36

Chapter Two

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37

Literature Review

0-"#$'&".'#%1:18"1%7:#1':#'0,":,+"#$%"!99"50,/1*%+"#$:#"',#%..%5#(:.":,+"*01:."1'3$#&"#0"#$%"*:,(&51'7#"Q%1%"#$%"7107%1#8"0-"#$%"4:;'+"@,:'70,"S&#:#%P">$0%*:R%1":,+"F(%5R%":.&0"&(33%&#"#$:#"@,:'70,Y&".'-%":5$'%;%*%,#&":1%",0#"`(&#"/#"-01"1%503,'#'0,":,+" 5%.%)1:#'0," )(#" :1%" :.&0" :771071':#%" 5:#:.8&#&" -01" 1%[%5#'0," 0," #$%" %*)0+'%+",:#(1%" 0-"!)01'3',:." R,0Q.%+3%&P" V,0Q.%+3%&" #$:#" %D'&#" '," &#:1R" 50,#1:&#" #0" #$%"+'&%*)0+'%+" *%#$0+&" 0-" <%&#%1," R,0Q.%+3%" 710+(5#'0,P" A$'&" Q:&" :" #07'5" #$:#"@,:'70,"Q:&"+%%7.8"%,3:3%+"Q'#$"',".'-%":,+"Q1'#',3d

!" -(..8" +%;%.07%+"!)01'3',:." $:&C" '," $'&" 0Q," Q:8C" :" ;:&#" :*0(,#" 0-"R,0Q.%+3%P"!.#$0(3$" '#" *:8" ,0#" )%" &#1'5#.8" &5'%,#'/5" .%:1,',3C" &#'.." '#"'&" :" ;%18" %D:5#" R,0Q.%+3%C" :,+" $'&" 70Q%1&" 0-" 7$8&'5:." 0)&%1;:#'0,":1%" +%;%.07%+" #0" #$%" (#*0&#P" U01" ',&#:,5%C" :,"!)01'3',:." .';',3"(,+%1"71'*'#';%".'-%"R,0Q&"#$%"$:)'#&":,+"#$%":,:#0*8":,+"#$%"$:(,#&"0-"%;%18":,'*:."',"#$%")(&$P"g%"R,0Q&":.."#$%")'1+&C"#$%'1"$:)'#&C":,+"#$%'1".0;%C"01"*:#',3C",0#%&P"g%"R,0Q&"#$%":7710:5$"0-"#$%"+'--%1%,#"&%:&0,&"0-"#$%"8%:1"-10*";:1'0(&"&'3,&C":&"Q%..":&"-10*"#$%"70&'#'0,&"0-"#$%"&#:1&"',"#$%"$%:;%,&P"g%"$:&"+%;%.07%+" #$%" :1#" 0-" #1:5R',3" #$%"$(*:," -00#71',#" #0"#$%"$'3$%&#"+%31%%P"A$%1%"'&":"Q$0.%"&5'%,5%"',"-00#71',#&P"U00#71',#&":1%"#$%"&:*%"%;'+%,5%"#0":")(&$",:#';%":&"/,3%1W71',#&":1%"',":"50(1#"0-".:Q"EMNNGC"JKP"

@,:'70," +'%+" '," GHOJ" Q'#$0(#" 1%503,'#'0," -10*" #$%" *:`01'#8"!(&#1:.':," 5(.#(1%P"g%"'&",0Q"50**%*01:#%+":,+"5.:'*%+"0,"#$%"!(&#1:.':,"sLN",0#%a"$'&".%3:5'%&":1%",(*%10(&":,+"#$%"7:1#'5(.:1"1%.%;:,5%"#0"#$'&"&#(+8"'&"#$:#"+%&7'#%"#$%"&%;%,#8W&'D"8%:1&"',":"71%W7().'5:#'0,"Z#Q'.'3$#"l0,%Y"$%"1%71%&%,#&"#$%"#(1,',3"70',#"',"#$%"50*',3"0-"Z#$%"!)01'3',:."!(#$01Y"',"!(&#1:.':P">$0%*:R%1":,+"F(%5R%"-01"#$%'1"7:1#C"$07%"7().'5:#'0,"0-"Legendary!Tales!of!the!Australian!Aborigines" ',":" .'#%1:18"51'#'5:."&%,&%"-(1#$%1&":771%5':#'0,"0-"#$%"]7.:5%W&7%5'/5"1%.%;:,5%"0-"Q1'#',3^"E',"@,:'70,"MNNGC"D.'''KP"A$%8"&%%"&(5$":"1%&(.#":&")%',3":

+%50.0,'&',3"3%&#(1%" -01" .'#%1:#(1%C" '#" #(1,&":Q:8" -10*" #$%" '*7%1':.'&*":,+"(,';%1&:.'&*"0-"Q1'#',3"#$:#"'&"&(770&%+"#0"#1:,&5%,+"7.:5%C":&7'1%"#0"#$%"(,';%1&:.C":,+"50,2(%1"#'*%")8")%50*',3"0-"7%1*:,%,#"$'&#01'5:."&'3,'/5:,5%"E',"@,:'70,"MNNGC"D.'''KP"

38

Chapter Two

<$:#">$0%*:R%1":,+"F(%5R%"1%-%1"#0":&"]!)01'3',:."*8#$&^"E',"@,:'70,"MNNGC"D.'''KC"%5$0%&"F(+100100Y&"5:.."#$:#"]&0,3.',%&^"EGHHJC"JK")%50*%":"Q%..&71',3"0-"51%:#';'#8"-01"!(&#1:.':,"Q1'#%1&P"U01"&%;%1:."1%:&0,&"#$'&"71070&'#'0,"'&":&"70#%,#':..8"+8,:*'5":&"'#"'&"70#%,#':..8"$:l:1+0(&P"B#&"+8,:*'5"70#%,#':.".'%&"',"!(&#1:.':,"50,#%*701:18".'#%1:#(1%"50,,%5#',3"Q'#$"#$'&"50,#',%,#Y&"*'..%,,':"0-"&#018"71:5#'5%"#$:#"'&"',#'*:#%.8"50,,%5#%+"#0"7.:5%P"B#&"$:l:1+"70#%,#':.".'%&"',"&(5$".'#%1:#(1%"&R'**',3"-10*".0,3"#1:+'#'0,&"0-"&#018"71:5#'5%":,+"+%7.08',3"'#":&"%D0#'5"*0#'-"',",:11:#';%"#$:#"$:&".'##.%"0#$%1"1%3:1+"-01"B,+'3%,0(&"5(.#(1:."50*7.%D'#'%&":,+"#$%"',#%1W5(.#(1:."50*7.%D'#'%&")%#Q%%,"B,+'3%,0(&":,+",0,WB,+'3%,0(&P"A$%":(#$01',3":,+"7().'&$',3"5:&%"&#(+'%&"0-"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"+%:."Q'#$"#$'&"'&&(%"',"&0*%"+%#:'.C"Q'#$"#$%"71%W7().'5:#'0,"*:,(&51'7#"$:;',3":.."1%-%1%,5%"#0"*:#%1':."50,&'+%1%+"&:51%+"#0"#$%"f(,():"%+'#%+"0(#":,+"#$%1%-01%"1%&#1'5#%+"-10*")%50*',3":;:'.:).%"-01"7().'5"50,&(*7#'0,P"A$%"%;%18+:8"1%:+',3"5:&%"&#(+8"0-"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"$'3$.'3$#&"#$%"Q:8&"',"Q$'5$"#$'&"#%D#Y&"1%:+%1&$'7"1%&70,+%+"#0"1%71%&%,#:#'0,&"0-"5(.#(1:.")%.'%-"&8&#%*&"_"01"',">$0%*:R%1":,+"F(%5R%Y&"#%1*&C"]!)01'3',:."*8#$&^"E',"@,:'70,"MNNGC"D.'''KC":,+"',"F(+100100Y&"#%1*',0.038C"]&0,3.',%&^"EGHHJC"JKP""""

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A$'&" &#(+8" .05:#%&" #%D#"Q'#$'," .';',3" $'&#018" :,+" '," &0" +0',3" 5%,#1%&" #$%" ,%%+" #0"(,+%1&#:,+" #$%" 1%.:#'0,&$'7")%#Q%%," B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3":,+"*:',&#1%:*" .'#%1:18"5(.#(1%P" A$'&" &%5#'0," .00R&" :#" $0Q" B,+'3%,0(&" &#01'%&" &.0Q.8" 3:',%+"*:',&#1%:*"<%&#%1,"51%+')'.'#8":&"#%D#P"F:,8"51'#'5&C"1%:+%1&":,+"&#(+%,#&"0-"B,+'3%,0(&".'#%1:#(1%":1%" -:*'.':1"Q'#$":550(,#&" #$:#"+:#%" #$%"GHOL"7().'5:#'0,&"0-"We!Are!GoingC"(,+%1"b0+3%100Y&c"S,3.'&$",:*%"V:#$"<:.R%1C":,+"Wild!Cat!FallingC"(,+%1"F(+100100Y&"S,3.'&$",:*%"90.',"h0$,&0,C":&"#$%"/1&#"7().'&$%+")00RW.%,3#$"Q01R&")8"!(&#1:.':,"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#%1&P" B," #$%" .:#%" GHHNY&C"F(+100100Y&" 5.:'*&" #0"!)01'3',:.'#8"Q%1%"7().'5.8" %D:*',%+" '," #$%" *:',&#1%:*" *%+':" :,+" Q:&" :" #07'5" #$:#" !,'#:" g%'&&"+05(*%,#&"',"$%1"50*71%$%,&';%"5:,;:&"0-"B,+'3%,0(&".'#%1:#(1%C"Dhuuluu-Yala!:!To!Talk!Straight"EMNNTKP"

B#"'&":77:1%,#"#$:#"!(&#1:.':Y&"50.0,':."$'&#018":,+"'#&";'0.%,#"'*7:5#"0,"!)01'3',:."50**(,'#'%&":,+"-:*'.'%&"$:;%".%-#"*:,8".%3:5'%&C"',5.(+',3"#$%".%3:58"c"<:.R%1"+%5'+%+"#0"5$:,3%"$%1",:*%"#0"b0+3%100"',"GHJNC"',&7'1%+")8"6:&#01"40,"f1:+8C"Q$0"&:'+"#0"$%1C"]V:#$8C"80("*(&#")%":"#1'):."&'&#%1"#0"#$%"7:7%1):1R"#1%%&")%5:(&%"80("Q1'#%"&0"300+P"n0("50(.+,Y#"+0"#$:#"Q'#$0(#"#$%'1"$%.7P"n0(1"1%:.",:*%"*(&#")%"b0+3%100C"Q$'5$"'&"0(1",:*%"-01"#$%"7:7%1):1R"#1%%&^"E4:;'&"GHHNC"'DKP"90.',"h0$,&0,"Q:&"',"#(1,"',&7'1%+")8"b0+3%100":,+"5$:,3%+"$'&",:*%"#0"F(+100100P"f0#$":1%"1%-%11%+"#0"#$10(3$0(#"#$'&"+05(*%,#":&"b0+3%100":,+"F(+100100P"

39

Literature Review

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`(1'&+'5#'0,&" :,+" +%7:1#*%,#&" $:;',3" -01*:.'&%+" ],0" .%&&" #$:," OJ" +'--%1%,#"+%/,'#'0,&"0-"!)01'3',:."7%07.%^"EF59012(0+:.%" ',"4%7:1#*%,#"0-"6:1.':*%,#:18"=')1:18"\%&%:15$"e0#%"GIC"MNNNWNGKP"9.:'*',3"!)01'3',:.'#8C"01":",%Q"-01*"0-"1:5':."Z7:&&',3YC"7:&&',3"0,%Y&"&%.-"0--":&"!)01'3',:.C"'&"0,%":&7%5#"0-"#$'&"70.'#'5:."'&&(%"Q'#$"&0*%#'*%&"&%1'0(&"1:*'/5:#'0,&"-01"!)01'3',:."7%07.%":,+"50**(,'#'%&P"<$'.%"#$%"*:`01'#8"5(.#(1%"*:8"$:;%")%%,"7%1&(:+%+")8"F(+100100Y&"51'#'5'&*"0,"#$%"):&'&"0-"7%15%';',3"$'*":&"!)01'3',:.C"#$'&"&#(+8"%;:.(:#%&":,+":77.'%&"$'&"51'#'5'&*"0,"#$%"):&'&"0-" '#&" 50,#%,#C" '11%&7%5#';%"0-"Q$:#"$:&"01"$:&",0#")%%,"7().'5.8"+%#%1*',%+":)0(#"$'&"'+%,#'#8P""""

" U';%"8%:1&":-#%1"b0+3%100Y&"We!Are!Going"EGHOLKC"h:5R"4:;'&"7().'&$%+"$'&" /1&#" )00RC" The! First! Born! and! Other! Poems! EGHJNKC" :,+" #$:#" )00R" Q:&" &00,"-0..0Q%+")8"V%;',"X'.)%1#Y&"1"02-3"42456)+"47289##4:"*"&4;<4 =+C"7().'&$%+" ',"GHJT")8" #$%"@,';%1&'#8"0-"?(%%,&.:,+"61%&&P"!10(,+" #$%" &:*%" #'*%"80(,3%1"*%*)%1&"0-"#$%"B,+'3%,0(&"50**(,'#8"Q%1%":).%"#0")%3',"#:R',3":+;:,#:3%"0-"07701#(,'#'%&"'," -01*:." %+(5:#'0,P" A$%&%" 80(,3%1"7%07.%"Q%1%" :.&0" 50,#1')(#',3" #0" B,+'3%,0(&"*0;%*%,#&")8")1',3',3"-(1#$%1"&R'.." #0"#$%"0,30',3"50**(,'5:#'0,&"%--01#&a"*0&#",0#:).8"`0(1,:.'&#"h0$,"e%Q-0,3":,+"Q1'#%1">:*"<:#&0,"+(1',3"#$%"%&#:).'&$*%,#"0-"#$%"!)01'3',:."A%,#"S*):&&8"0,"#$%".:Q,&"0-"#$%W#$%,"6:1.':*%,#"g0(&%"',"GHJMP"B,"GHJIC"hP"hP"g%:.8"Q:&"0,%"0-"#$%"/1&#".'#%1:18"&5$0.:1&"#0"50,&'+%1"Q$:#"$%"1%-%1&"#0":&"#$%"]%--01#&"0-"Q$'#%"!(&#1:.':,"Q1'#%1&"#0"50*%"#0"31'7&"Q'#$"#$%"!)01'3',%&^"EGHJIC"MK" :,+"0-" ]50,#%D#&" PPP" %*%13',3"Q'#$"Q$'5$" '#"Q'.." )%"70&&').%" #0" &7%:R" &%1'0(&.8"0-" #$'&"Q1'#',3"i-10*"b0+3%100C"V%;',"X'.)%1#":,+"h:5R"4:;'&j^"EGHJIC"TKP" B#" '&",0#"0);'0(&"Q$:#"]50,#%D#&^"g%:.8"'&"1%-%11',3"#0C")(#"Q$'.%":5:+%*'5&"Q%1%")%3',,',3"#0"#:R%"!)01'3',:."Q1'#',3"*01%"&%1'0(&.8"+(1',3"#$%".:#%"GHJN&":,+"GHIN&C"*01%":,+"*01%"!)01'3',:."Q1'#%1&"Q%1%")%',3"7().'&$%+P"A$'&"Q:&"$:77%,',3":#"#$%"&:*%"#'*%":&"B,+'3%,0(&"5(.#(1:.":,+"70.'#'5:."Q01R"Q:&"50,#',(',3"',".05:.":,+"1%3'0,:.":1%:&C":&"Q%..":&":#"#$%",:#'0,:.".%;%.":10(,+"!(&#1:.':P"A$'&"5(.#(1:.":,+"70.'#'5:.":5#';'&*"&8,%13'&%+"Q'#$"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#',3":,+"7().'&$',3":5#';'#8"q":.."&%1;',3"#0"1%',-015%":,+"%,1'5$"%:5$"0#$%1Y&"&()&#:,5%":,+"'*7:5#P

40

Chapter Two

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cC"5:..',3"'#"F:3:):.:"f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ukurrpa!Books"q"51%:#',3":"*01%" 50,#%*701:18"7().'&$',3" .'&#"Q$'5$" ',5.(+%+"/5#'0,":,+"70%#18P" B,"GHIIC" ',":" 50,&'+%1%+" 1%&70,&%" #0" #$%" ,:#'0,Y&" )'5%,#%,,':." 5%.%)1:#'0,&C" #$%"@,';%1&'#8" 0-"?(%%,&.:,+" 61%&&" %&#:).'&$%+" :," :,,(:." 50*7%#'#'0," -01" Q1'#%1&" 0-" (,7().'&$%+"*:,(&51'7#&C"Q$'5$"#$%8"+%5'+%+"#0",:*%"',"$0,0(1"0-"#$%"*%*018":,+".%3:5'%&"0-"4:;'+"@,:'70,P"A$%"-0(,+:#'0,"`(+3%&"Q%1%"#$%"#$1%%"Q1'#%1&"5'#%+"%:1.'%1"Q$0"$:+")%%,"7().'&$%+"',"#$%"/1&#"Q:;%"0-")00RW.%,3#$"7().'&$%+"Q01R&"-10*"B,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':d"h:5R"4:;'&C"F(+100100":,+"b0+3%100"e00,(55:.P"F01%"#$:,"#Q%,#8"8%:1&"0,"-10*"'#&"%&#:).'&$*%,#"#$%"4:;'+"@,:'70,"!Q:1+"50,#',(%&"#0":##1:5#"*:,(&51'7#&"-10*"(,7().'&$%+" B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#%1&"Q'#$" %:5$"Q',,',3" %,#1:,#" 1%5%';',3"71'l%W*0,%8C":&"Q%..":&"#$%"0--%1"0-"7().'5:#'0,P"6().'5:#'0,"0-"#$%"Q',,%1Y&"*:,(&51'7#"',")00R"-01*"'&"#87'5:..8":5$'%;%+"Q'#$',":"8%:1":,+"1%.%:&%+":#"#$%"-0..0Q',3"8%:1Y&":,,0(,5%*%,#"0-"#$%"Q',,',3"%,#1:,#P"B,":++'#'0,"#0"@?6C"F:3:):.:"f00R&":,+"B!4"61%&&C"0#$%1"!(&#1:.':,"7().'&$%1&":1%"7().'&$',3"B,+'3%,0(&"Q1'#%1&":,+"7().'&$',3"B,+'3%,0(&W1%.:#%+" 50,#%,#P" A$%"!)01'3',:." >#(+'%&" 61%&&C" #$%" 7().'&$',3" :1*" 0-"#$%"!(&#1:.':,"B,&#'#(#%"0-"!)01'3',:.":,+"A011%&">#1:'#"B&.:,+%1">#(+'%&"E:"U%+%1:."X0;%1,*%,#" &#:#(#018" :(#$01'#8K"Q:&C" -01" +%5:+%&C" :#" #$%" -01%-10,#" 0-" 7().'&$',3"Q01R&" about" !)01'3',:." 5(.#(1%&" :,+" 7%07.%&C" :,+" '," *01%" 1%5%,#" 8%:1&C" Q01R&"by" !)01'3',:." :,+" A011%&" >#1:'#" B&.:,+%1" Q1'#%1&P" b#$%1" ',+%7%,+%,#" !(&#1:.':,"7().'&$%1&"$:;%":.&0"7().'&$%+"&(5$":(#$01&":,+"&(5$"50,#%,#C"*0&#",0#:).8":,0#$%1"0-" #$'&"&#(+8Y&"5:&%"&#(+8"7().'&$%1&C"U1%*:,#.%"!1#&"9%,#1%"61%&&",0Q"U1%*:,#.%"61%&&C":.0,3"Q'#$"U%+%1:#'0,"61%&&":,+"!..%,"r"@,Q',P"

B#"'&"0,.8"1%.:#';%.8"1%5%,#.8"#$:#"B,+'3%,0(&"7().'5:#'0,&"$:;%"1%5%';%+"51'#'5:.":##%,#'0,C":,+"0,.8" 1%5%,#.8" #$:#":," B,+'3%,0(&" .'#%1:18"51'#'5'&*"$:&" '#&%.-"

41

Literature Review

%*%13%+P"!,'#:"g%'&&Y"#Q0"#%D#&C"Dhuuluu-Yala!–!To!Talk!Straight!EMNNTK":,+"#$%"50Wedited$Macquarie!PEN!Anthology!of! Indigenous!Literature" EMNNIK"710;'+%"%D5%7#'0,:."1%&0(15%" '," (,+%1&#:,+',3" #$%" /%.+" 0-" B,+'3%,0(&" Q1'#',3" :,+" )1',3&" ',#%1%&#%+"1%:+%1&" (7" #0" +:#%" 0," #$'&" /%.+P" A$%&%" 50,#1')(#'0,&" #0" #$%" /%.+" 0-" B,+'3%,0(&".'#%1:#(1%"1%;%:."#$%"+';%1&'#8"0-"B,+'3%,0(&".'#%1:#(1%":,+"'#&".0,3&#:,+',3"&#:#(&":&":"*%:,&":+07#%+")8"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%"-01"%D71%&&',3"70.'#'5&C"5(.#(1%":,+"&#018P"!"$'&#018")10(3$#"',#0"&$:17"-05(&"',"#$%"6Se"!,#$0.038"Q'#$"'#&"',5.(&'0,"0-":".%##%1"Q1'##%,")8"f%,,%.0,3"',"GJHOP"A$'&"&#(+8"+'&#',3('&$%&"'#&%.-"-10*"#$%&%"'*701#:,#"50,#1')(#'0,&"#0"#$%"/%.+")8"'#&"',W+%7#$"-05(&"0,"#$%"71:5#'5%&"0-"&%.%5#%+":(#$01',3C"7().'&$',3":,+"%;%18+:8"1%:+',3P"!,0#$%1"-%:#(1%"#$:#"+'&#',3('&$%&"#$'&"&#(+8"-10*"#$0&%"'*701#:,#"50,#1')(#'0,&"'&"#$%"',5.(&'0,"0-",%Q"1%&%:15$"',#0"1%:+%1W1%&70,&%""_":,":1%:"0-"1%&%:15$",0#"8%#"7%1-01*%+"Q'#$',":,+"0,"#$'&"/%.+P""

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42

Chapter Two

Framing the Author

91'#'5:."-05(&"0,":(#$01&$'7"'&",0#"5$:*7'0,%+"',"&0*%"-01*&"0-".'#%1:18"51'#'5'&*P"U01" ',&#:,5%C" -01*:.'&#&" 50,5%';%" 0-" .'#%1:#(1%" :&" &%.-W&(-/5'%,#C" -(..8" R,0Q:).%"#$10(3$" '#&" -01*:.C" 0)&%1;:).%" :,+" &()&%2(%,#.8" 5.:&&'/:).%" 7107%1#'%&C" :,+" )%&#"(,+%1&#00+"]+'&%*)(1+%,%+"PPP"0-":,8"+%7%,+%,5%"0,"%D#1:#%D#(:."50,#%D#&^"Ef(1R%"GHHMC"cMKP"A$%"#%D#"&#:,+&":.0,%P">#1(5#(1:.'&#&"&$:1%"#$'&"R',+"0-"#%D#(:."71:3*:#'&*"',"#$%'1":7710:5$"#0".'#%1:#(1%C";'%Q',3",:11:#';%"50,#%,#":&"+%1';',3"]'#&"1%:.'#8"-10*"'#&"&#1(5#(1%^"Eg:1:1'"GHJHC"MJKC":,+";'%Q',3"].:,3(:3%":&"50,&#'#(#';%"0-")0#$"#$%"Z1%:.'#8Y"#$%"#%D#"-%'3,&"#0"1%71%&%,#":,+"#$%":(#$01':."&()`%5#"Q$0"7(1701#&"#0")%"'#&"&0(15%^"Ef(1R%"GHHMC"cMKP"A$%"&#1(5#(1:.'&#":7710:5$"5:..&"-01":,"0;%1:15$',3"#$%018"',"01+%1"#0"5.:&&'-8"50+%&":,+":11:,3%*%,#&"',".'#%1:#(1%")8"+1:Q',3"0,".',3('&#'5&"Q'#$'," :" ]&5'%,5%i&j" 0-" #$%" &'3,C" 01" 0-" &'3,W&8&#%*&^" Eg:1:1'" GHJHC" MIKC" '," %--%5#C"+'&50(,#',3"#$%":3%,58"0-"#$%":(#$01P"U01"#$%"&#1(5#(1:.'&#"#$%,C".'#%1:#(1%")%50*%&":"&8&#%*"0-"&'3,&"Q'#$",0"&'3,',3"$:,+a"&'*'.:1.8"-01"#$%"70&#&#1(5#(1:.'&#C".'#%1:#(1%"'&".:13%.8"+1:Q,"-10*"#$%"31%:#%1"Q01.+"0-".:,3(:3%"1:#$%1"#$:,"-10*"#$%"$:,+"0-"#$%"#%D#W710+(5',3":(#$01C":"70&'#'0,"*0&#"50**0,.8"(,+%1&#00+"#$10(3$"\0.:,+"f:1#$%&Y"]+%:#$"0-" #$%":(#$01^" ',"$'&"%&&:8"0-" #$%" &:*%" #'#.%P" B,"f:1#$%&Y";'%Q" #$%":(#$01"5%:&%&"#0"%D'&#"0,5%"#$%"Q1'#',3")%3',&d"

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43

Literature Review

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44

Chapter Two

A$%"#Q0"R%8"#%D#&"+%+'5:#%+"#0"#$%&%"#07'5&":1%"%:5$":++1%&&%+"',"#$'&"1%;'%Q":,+"&#(+8C"#$%8":1%d"91:'3"F(,10":,+"\0)8,">$%:$:,Wf1'3$#Y&"Paper!Empires!–!a!History!of! the! Book! in! Australia! 1946-2005" EMNNOKC" :,+" 4:;'+" 9:1#%1" :,+"!,,%" X:..'3:,Y&"Making!books:!Contemporary!Australian!Publishing" EMNNJKP"f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`%5#018"0-"#$%"0;%1:.."!(&#1:.':,")00R"$'&#018":,+"#$%,")8"-05(&&',3"0,"#$%"7:1#'5(.:1&"0-"#$%"#%D#(:."71:5#'5%&"#$:#"#$%"7().'&$%1&"$:;%"%*7.08%+"',")1',3',3"#$%"1%&7%5#';%"&%.%5#%+"#%D#&"',#0"#$%"7().'5"+0*:',P

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45

Literature Review

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45

Literature Review

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47

Literature Review

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48

Chapter Two

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49

Literature Review

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50

Chapter Two

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51

Literature Review

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52

Chapter Two

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53

Literature Review

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60(.%#Y&":7710:5$"5%,#1%&"1%:+',3":&":"+8,:*'5":,+"',#%1:5#';%"7105%&&"

54

Chapter Two

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55

Literature Review

0-" .:,3(:3%":&":"modern" 51'#'5:."71%055(7:#'0,":,+" .:,3(:3%":&"$:;',3":,":5#'0,W-(,5#'0,":,"]ancient”"71%055(7:#'0,P"A$(&C"',;%&#'3:#',3"#$%"7105%&&%&"0-"#$%"*:R',3"0-" *%:,',3" '," .'#%1:#(1%" &$0(.+" ,0#" )%" 50,&'+%1%+" 50,#1:18" #0" <%&#%1," .'#%1:18"51'#'5:."#1:+'#'0,")(#":.#%1,:#%.8"2('#%"-(,+:*%,#:.P"A$:#"'&C":5501+',3"#0"A0*7R',&C"#$%"S(107%:,":,5'%,#&";:.(%+".'#%1:#(1%"-01"'#&"1%.:#'0,&$'7"#0"1%:.'#8P"A$'&":'+&"#$'&"&#(+8C"Q$'5$"'&"50,5%1,%+"Q'#$"#$%"Q01.+.8"'*7:5#"0-"B,+'3%,0(&"#$%*%+"#%D#&"(70,":"&:*7.%"0-"%;%18+:8"1%:+%1&a":&"Q%..":&"%D7.01%&"#$%"1%.:#'0,&$'7")%#Q%%,"#$%"Q01.+":,+"#$%":(#$01',3":,+"7().'&$',3"7105%&&%&P

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56

Chapter 3 Methodology

Introduction

A$'&"710`%5#"',;%&#'3:#%&"#$%"710+(5#'0,":,+"',#%171%#:#'0,"0-".'#%1:#(1%"#$10(3$"5:&%"&#(+'%&"0-" #$1%%"&%.%5#%+"#%D#&":,+"#$%'1" `0(1,%8"-10*"710+(5#'0,"#0"50,&(*7#'0,P"Z610+(5#'0,Y"1%-%1&"#0"#$%":(#$01',3":,+"7().'&$',3"7$:&%&":,+"Z',#%171%#:#'0,Y"1%-%1&"#0"#$%"1%:+',3"0-"#$%"#%D#&C"Q'#$":"-05(&"0,"#$%"Z%;%18+:8Y"1%:+',3&":.0,3"Q'#$"&0*%"&#1:#%3'5"1%-%1%,5%"#0"710-%&&'0,:."51'#'5:."1%:+',3&P"!#":.."#$1%%"7$:&%&"0-"#$'&"7105%&&C"1%:+',3":,+"*%+':#'0,"0-"#$%"#%D#&"#:R%&"7.:5%"',":";:1'%#8"0-"50,#%D#&":,+"#$10(3$";:1'0(&" .%,&%&P" A$%" #$1%%" #%D#&"My!Place" E>:..8"F013:,C" GHIJKC" Jandamarra! and! the!Bunuba!Resistance"Eg0Q:1+"6%+%1&%,":,+"f:,`0"<001(,*(11:C"GHHLK":,+"Carpentaria$E!.%D'&" <1'3$#C" MNNOK" Q%1%" &%.%5#%+" Q'#$" &7%5'/5" 51'#%1':" '," *',+" '," 1%.:#'0," #0":(#$01&$'7":,+"#$%"&()`%5#&"0-" B,+'3%,0(&"%D7%1'%,5%":,+"B,+'3%,0(&"Q01.+;'%QP"A$%"#%D#"&%.%5#'0,"+%#%1*',%+"#$%"7().'&$%1&"(,+%1"',;%&#'3:#'0,P"!"1%:+',3"50$01#"Q:&" 50,&#1(5#%+" -01" #$%" 7(170&%&" 0-" #$'&" 1%&%:15$C"Q'#$" 1%:+%1" 1%&70,+%,#&"Q$0"Q%1%" '+%,#'/%+";':" #:13%#%+" 1%51('#*%,#"*%#$0+&":,+":&R%+":" &%1'%&"0-"2(%&#'0,&"',":,"',W+%7#$":,+"&%*'W&#1(5#(1%+"',#%1;'%Q"*0+%P"6().'&$%+"+05(*%,#&"-10*"#$%".'#%1:18"51'#'5:."/%.+"_"1%;'%Q&C"710/.%&C"',#%1;'%Q&"_"Q%1%"&0(15%+a"#$%&%"710;'+%+":.#%1,:#';%"710-%&&'0,:."1%:+',3&"0-"#$%"#%D#&P"6:1#'5(.:1":7710:5$%&"Q%1%"%*7.08%+"',"#$%":,:.8&'&"0-"#$%"%,&(',3"+:#:"-10*"#$%"#$1%%"50$01#&"q":(#$01&C"7().'&$%1&":,+"1%:+%1&P"!.."0-" #$%&%" 1%&%:15$"50*70,%,#&"Q'..")%"+%&51')%+":,+"+'&5(&&%+" '," #$'&"5$:7#%1P" B#" '&"/1&#",%5%&&:18" #0"+%&51')%" #$%"1%&%:15$"-1:*%Q01R"Q'#$',"Q$'5$"#$'&"&#(+8" $:&" )%%," 50,+(5#%+" #0" *:R%" #1:,&7:1%,#" #$%" 71'01'#'%&" #$:#" (,+%17'," #$%"',2('18P"A0"#$:#"%,+"'#":.&0"',5.(+%&"+'&5(&&'0,"0-"*8"&#:,+70',#":&":"1%&%:15$%1P"

56

57

Methodology

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58

Chapter Three

<$'.%"#$'&"-1:*',3"'&",0#"71%*'&%+"0,":"Q$0W5:,WR,0QWQ$:#"50,&#1(5#'0,C"#$'&"+'.%**:"&%%*&"#0")%"Q0;%,"',#0"#$%";%18"-:)1'5"0-"70&#50.0,'&',3".'-%":&"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%&"&%%R"#0"$0.+"0,"#0"01"1%3:',":(#0,0*8"0;%1":&7%5#&"0-"0(1"$%1'#:3%C"'+%:&":,+"%D71%&&'0,&":3:',&#" .0,3"$'&#01'%&"0-" 5(.#(1:."7.(,+%1":,+" .:,+" #$%-#" EV(,,'%":,+"X0+(R:"MNNOa"<01)8":,+"\'3,%8"MNNOKP"B#"'&":.&0":"5010..:18",0#'0,"#0"#$%"'+%:"0-"&'#(:#%+"R,0Q.%+3%C"#$%"'+%:"#$:#"ZQ$%1%"80("&#:,+"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"Q$:#"80("&:8Y"EX(,%Q"GHHc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59

Methodology

5(.#(1:."50,#%D#&"',"Q$'5$"#$%8"055(1C"#$'&"&#(+8":;0'+&"1%+(5',3"7%07.%":,+"71:5#'5%":&"%D5.(&';%.8"5:7#';%"#0"+'&50(1&%":,+"&$0Q&"$0Q"#%D#(:.":3%,#&"&(5$":&":(#$01&":,+" 7().'&$%1&" 5:," 51%:#%" ,%Q" #%D#(:." 71:5#'5%&" #$:#" $:;%" 1%&7%5#" -01" Z5.:&&'5:.Y"50,;%,#'0,&":,+"1%&70,&%"#0":,+")%80,+"#$%")',:18"0-"#$'&"50.0,':.".%3:58P"X';%,"#$'&"&#(+8Y&"50,5%1,"Q'#$"R%8"50,5%7#&"*0&#"0-#%,"',;%&#'3:#%+"',"60&#50.0,':.">#(+'%&C"'#":77%:1&"50,;%,'%,#"#0"1%-%1"#0"'#":&"60&#50.0,':.a"#$'&"5.:&&'/5:#'0,"'&":771071':#%")(#",0#"50*7.%#%.8"&(-/5'%,#"Q'#$"1%503,'#'0,"0-"#$%"*0+%"0-"%D:*',:#'0,"',5(11%+")8"!)01'3',:."B,2('18":&"+%/,%+")8"F:18"X1:$:*P"A$%&%"+'*%,&'0,&"#0"#$%"-1:*',3"0-"#$'&"1%&%:15$":1%"+'&5(&&%+"',"#$%"-0..0Q',3"&%5#'0,P

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60

Chapter Three

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61

Methodology

]50.0,':."+'&50(1&%"#$%018^"EMNNNKC",:*%.8C"g0*'"f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

A$%"5:&%"&#(+'%&"0-"#$%":(#$01',3C"7().'&$',3":,+"1%:+',3&"0-"My!Place$EGHIJKC"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK":,+"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"710;'+%"#$%":77.'%+":,:.8&'&"0-"#$%"7%1-01*:,5%"0-":3%,58"Q'#$',"#$%".:,3(:3%"Q01.+"0-"#%D#(:."710+(5#'0,":,+" ',#%171%#:#'0,P"A$'&" :7710:5$" #$:#"70&'#'0,&" Z+'&5(1&';%" ',[(%,5%Y":,+"Z:3%,58Y"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"%:5$"0#$%1"',[(%,5%&"#$%"1%701#',3"0-"#$'&"1%&%:15$"',"#Q0"Q:8&d"0,%C":#"#'*%&"'#"*:8":77%:1"50,#1:+'5#018"Q$%,"B"%*7$:&'&%"0,%"+'*%,&'0,":,+"#$%,"#$%"0#$%1a":,+"#Q0C":#"#'*%&"#$%"(13%"#0"5.:1'-8"#$%"(&%C"01")1'+3%"#$%"+';'+%")%#Q%%," #$%" #Q0C" #$%"1%701#',3"*:8"0;%1WQ1'#%" #$%" .',R',3"1:#'0,:.%P"f0#$"%--%5#&C"B" )%.'%;%C" :1%" #0.%1:).%C" 3';%," #$%" 0)`%5#';%C" :,+" '#" '&" 50,&'&#%,#" Q'#$" X1:$:*Y&"$0.'&#'5" +%/,'#'0," 0-" !)01'3',:." B,2('18P" B," &(**:18C" #$'&" &#(+8Y&" 1%&%:15$" :,+"*%#$0+0.03'5:." -1:*%Q01R" +1:Q&" ',#%1W#%D#(:..8" 0," #Q0" #$%01%#'5:." #1:+'#'0,&d"!)01'3',:." B,2('18" EX1:$:*" MNNIK" :,+" 60&#50.0,':." >#(+'%&" E!&$510-#" %#" :." MNNNK"Q'#$"(&:3%"0-"70&#50.0,'&',3"EF01%#0,W\0)',&0,"MNNTKP"

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62

Chapter Three

#$:#"&#:,+70',#"5:,"-05(&"#00"*(5$":##%,#'0,"0,"ZQ$0"5:,"R,0QY"1:#$%1"#$:,"ZQ$:#"5:,")%"R,0Q,YP"\%&%:15$%1&" #$0(3$"0)&%1;%":,+"710+(5%"R,0Q.%+3%"q" -(,5#'0,&C"Q$'5$":1%"(&%+"#0"`(&#'-8"#$%'1")%',3"1%-%11%+"#0":&"R,0Q%1&P"A$'&"71';'.%3%+"&#:#(&"0-"ZR,0Q%1Y")1',3&"Q'#$"'#"#$%"1%&70,&')'.'#8"#0":.&0"R,0QC":&")%&#"0,%"5:,C"0,%Y&"&%.-":,+"0,%Y&"&%.-":&"1%&%:15$%1P"A$:#"1%&70,&')'.'#8"5:,")%"#$0(3$#"0-":&"#$%"1%&70,&')'.'#8"#0"(,+%1&#:,+"0,%Y&"&%.-"',"#$%"Q01.+P"b#$%1&"1%-%1"#0"'#":&"#$%",%%+"#0"]',;%&#'3:#%"#$%"&05':."1%.:#'0,&"Q'#$',"Q$'5$"Q%":&"R,0Q%1&"R,0Q^"E60.$:(&"MNNN"',"e:R:#:"MNNJC"MIJKP"b1"'#"5:,"&'*7.8")%"5:..%+"&#:,+70',#P"F:18"X1:$:*"%D7.:',&"#$'&"#00"',"#%1*&"0-"!)01'3',:."Q01.+;'%Qd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b,":.." 0-" #$%&%"):&%&C",:*',3"*8" .05:#'0," '," #$%"Q01.+C"*8" &#:,+70',#C")%50*%&",%5%&&:18"#0"(,+%1&#:,+',3"*8"1%&%:15$"10.%":&"ZR,0Q%1Ya"1%&%:15$"Q'#$0(#"&(5$"&%.-W1%[%D';%"',&'3$#")%50*%&"',50*7.%#%P"f%:1',3"',"*',+"e:R:#:Y&"5:(#'0,"#$:#"0,%Y&"&#:,+70',#"+0%&",0#"710+(5%" :" ]1%:+8W*:+%" 51'#'5:." &#:,5%^" EMNNJC" MGcK" 01" 1%:+8W*:+%"R,0Q.%+3%a" '#" +0%&" .05:#%"*%" :&" 1%&%:15$%1" '," #$%"Q01.+" :,+" '," 1%.:#'0," #0"*8"0)`%5#&":,+"&()`%5#&"0-"',2('18P"<$:#"-0..0Q&"'&":"/1&#W7%1&0,"+'&5(&&'0,"0-"*8"&#:,+70',#C"Q$'5$"50(.+"`(&#":&"1%:+'.8")%"%D71%&&%+":&"*8"Q01.+.',%&&"01"#$%"&05':."1%.:#'0,&")8"Q$'5$"B"$:;%"50*%"#0"R,0QP"A$'&"+'&5(&&'0,"',501701:#%&"#$%"1%.%;:,5%"0-"#$%&%"Z#$',3&Y"#0"#$%"-1:*',3"0-"*8"1%&%:15$P

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63

Methodology

A$'&":+*','&#1:#';%"+%/,'#'0,"Q:&"/1&#"71070&%+" '," #$%"GHIN&":,+"&',5%"$:&")%%,"',51%:&',3.8":+07#%+":510&&"U%+%1:.":,+">#:#%"̀ (1'&+'5#'0,&":,+":3%,5'%&"E4%7:1#*%,#"0-" #$%" 6:1.':*%,#:18" =')1:18" \%&%:15$" e0#%" GIC" MNNNWNGC" GKP" A$'&" :+*','&#1:#';%"%,:).',3"0-"&%.-W'+%,#'/5:#'0,":,+"#$%"2('#%"50**0,7.:5%"5'15(*&#:,5%"0-"!)01'3',:."7%07.%",0#"50,-01*',3"#0" #$%"7$%,0#87%"0-"$0Q":,"!)01'3',:."7%1&0,"'&"meant" #0".00R"_" :," %D7%5#:#'0," 3%,%1:#%+" )8" :,#$1070.03'5:." :,+"*:&&"*%+':" +'&50(1&%&"5:(&%&" 50,&#%1,:#'0," -01" &0*%" 50**%,#:#01&P" U01" %D:*7.%C" :&" 0,%" 50**%,#:#01"1%5%,#.8"0)&%1;%+d

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64

Chapter Three

)%:1&"1%.%;:,5%"#0"*8"-(,5#'0,":&":"1%&%:15$%1":,+"'&"Q01#$"%D7.01',3"-(1#$%1P"" B" 5:,,0#" 1%5:.." #$%" %D:5#" *0*%,#" B" .00R%+" 0(#&'+%" 0-" *8&%.-" :,+"

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65

Methodology

*8&%.-":&"&#10,3C" 1%503,'&%+C"&(7701#%+":,+")%.0,3',3":&"!)01'3',:.P"A$%"&05'%#8"0(#&'+%"*8"-:*'.':.":11:,3%*%,#&"$:+"+'--%1%,#"7%15%7#'0,&"0-"!)01'3',:.'#8":,+":&"B"31%Q"(7"B")%5:*%"*01%":,+"*01%":Q:1%"0-"#$%",:#(1%"0-"#$%&%".:13%.8"&#%1%0#87'5:..8",%3:#';%"7%15%7#'0,&P"<$'#%,%&&">#(+'%&"#$%01'&#"!'.%%,"F01%#0,W\0)',&0,"710;'+%&":,"0;%1:15$',3"+%/,'#'0,"0-"#$%"B,+'3%,0(&"Q0*:,Y&"&#:,+70',#d

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66

Chapter Three

:(#0,0*0(&"-10*"#$%",01*:#';%"1%.:#'0,&"%&#:).'&$%+")8"+0*',:,#"+'&50(1&%":,+"&05':."71:5#'5%C"B"5:,"0,.8")%.'%;%"#$:#"Z0#$%1&Y"$:;%"&'*'.:1"5:7:5'#8"#0"]:5#"01"7%1-01*":,":5#'0,^"E!&$510-#"MNNNC"OK",0,W50*7.':,#"#0"+'&5(1&';%"01"&05':."+'5#:#%P"

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67

Methodology

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68

Chapter Three

B#" '&" %;'+%,#" #$:#" #$%" #%D#" &%.%5#'0," $:&" ',;0.;%+" :" 1:,3%" 0-" -:5#01&"01'%,#%+"#0"7.(1:.'#8C")(#" #$%":++'#'0,:." -:5#01"0-"&()`%5#"*:##%1C"0;%1"3%,1%C" '&" #$%"-:5#01" #$:#" 3';%&" 0;%1:.." 50$%1%,5%" #0" #$'&" 51'#'5:." :11:,3%*%,#P" B," #$'&" &#(+8" #$%"&()`%5#&":1%":"7:1#'5(.:1"5:#%3018"0-"&05':."%D7%1'%,5%"',"#$%"Q01.+C":,+":"7:1#'5(.:1"7$'.0&07$'5:.";'%Q"0-"#$%"Q01.+C"*01%"&7%5'/5:..8"#$%&%":1%"B,+'3%,0(&"Q01.+;'%Q":,+" B,+'3%,0(&" %D7%1'%,5%P" A$'&" 51'#'5:." :11:,3%*%,#" )8" &()`%5#"*:##%1" +0%&" ,0#"71%5.(+%"50,5%1,"-01"3%,1%P"\%&70,&%"#0"3%,1%":,+"#$%"50,;%,#'0,&"'#"-015%&"',"#%D#(:."71:5#'5%&":1%":++1%&&%+"',"#$%":(#$01',3C"7().'&$',3":,+"1%:+',3"5:&%"&#(+'%&C")(#"'#"+0%&"%*7$:&'&%" #$%" #%D#" '," #$%"50,#%D#"0-" #$%"&05':."Q01.+"0;%1" #$%" '&&(%"0-" ',#1:W#%D#(:."50,;%,#'0,&P"A$(&C"#$%"#%D#(:."&()`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d"#$%"&#01'%&"0-" 1%*0;:." -10*" -:*'.'%&":,+"$0*%"50(,#1'%&"0," #$%"):&'&"0-" 1:5%":,+" #$%"&()&%2(%,#"+0*%&#'5"&%1;'#(+%"%D7%1'%,5%+")8"*%*)%1&"0-">:..8"F013:,Y&"-:*'.8"',"My!Placea"#$%"+%-%,5%"0-"f(,():".:,+"0,"#$%"V'*)%1.%8"50.0,':."-10,#'%1"',"6%+%1&%,":,+"<001(,*(11:Y&"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistancea":,+C"#$%"Q:8"!)01'3',:."-:*'.'%&" :1%" 7$8&'5:..8" .05:#%+" '," 1%.:#'0," #0" #$%" #0Q," 0-" 4%&7%1:,5%" '," !.%D'&"<1'3$#Y&"CarpentariaP" B,+'3%,0(&"Q01.+;'%Q"7%1#:',&" #0" #$0&%" ;'%Q&"0-" #$%"Q01.+"#$:#":1%"Q'+%.8"(,+%1&#00+"#0")%"+1:Q,"-10*"B,+'3%,0(&"7$'.0&07$'%&"0-")%',3C":&"%D%*7.'/%+"',"F:18"X1:$:*Y&"+%/,'#'0,"0-"#$%"7$'.0&07$8"0-"#$%"41%:*',3d""

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69

Methodology

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70

Chapter Three

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71

Methodology

1'3$#"01"Q10,3"1%:+',3&a"#$%1%":1%"&'*7.8"1%:+',3&"#$:#"5:,")%"(,+%1&#00+"#0"',+'5:#%"#$%"1%:+%1&Y"0Q,"70&'#'0,&"',"#$%"Q01.+P" "!.."0-"#$%&%"+'*%,&'0,&":1%"+'&5(&&%+"',"#$%"#$%&'&P

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""""""""""""!.."#$1%%"7().'&$%1&"Q%1%":;:'.:).%"-01"',#%1;'%Q":,+"Q%1%"&()&%2(%,#.8"',#%1;'%Q%+"0,"#$%"&'#%"0-"#$%'1"7().'&$',3";%,#(1%&"',"#$%"5:&%"0-"F:3:):.:"f00R&"',"f100*%":,+"U1%*:,#.%"61%&&" ',"U1%*:,#.%P"A$%"7().'&$%1"0-"X'1:*0,+0"f00R&"07#%+"#0")%"',#%1;'%Q%+":#"$'&"71';:#%"1%&'+%,5%"',">8+,%8P"A$%"7().'&$%1"',#%1;'%Q&":.&0"-0..0Q%+":"5$10,0.03'5:.":7710:5$"3('+%+")8"#$%"#$1%%"#$%*%&d"#$%"+%5'&'0,"#0"7().'&$C"%+'#01':."+%;%.07*%,#":,+"70&'#'0,',3"0-"#$%"#%D#"#0"*:1R%#P"\%3:1+',3"#$%"#$'1+"50$01#C"#$%"Z%;%18+:8Y"1%:+%1&C"#$%"&#(+8"50,&#1(5#%+":"50$01#"0-"GI"Z%;%18+:8Y"

72

Chapter Three

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C6"4$<##<D)8E42&"4+6"4)8+"&*)"D4F-"3+)<83423G"B4<$4+6"4&"2B)8E40<6<&+HGP" <$:#"#87%"0-"1%:+%1&":1%"80("EQ$:#"+0"80(".'R%"#0"1%:+":,+"" " $0Q"0-#%,KmMP" 40"80("#:.R"Q'#$"80(1"-:*'.8C"-1'%,+&"01",%'3$)0(1&":)0(#"#$%"" "" " )00R&"80("1%:+mTP" <$:#"*0#';:#%+"80("#0"1%:+"#$'&")00RmcP" <$:#"%D7%5#:#'0,&"+'+"80("$:;%"0-"#$'&")00R"E,%Q":,+p01"" "

73

Methodology

" " 50,/1*%+"R,0Q.%+3%KmLP" 4'+":,8#$',3"',"#$'&")00R"1%&0,:#%"Q'#$"80(1"0Q,".'-%"%D7%1'%,5%&mOP" <$:#"%*0#'0,&"+'+"80("%D7%1'%,5%"Q$%,"80("Q%1%"1%:+',3"#$'&""" " )00RmJP" g0Q"Q0(.+"80("+%&51')%"80(1"1%&70,&%",0QmIP" <$:#"+'+"80("#$',R"Q:&"#$%"*0&#"'*701#:,#"#$',3":)0(#"#$%"" "" " )00RmHP" <$:#"Q:&"80(1"-:;0(1'#%"7:1#"0-"#$%")00RmGNP" <$:#"Q:&"80(1".%:&#"-:;0(1'#%"7:1#"0-"#$%")00RmGGP" 4'+"1%:+',3"#$%")00R"*:R%"80("Q:,#"#0"+0":,8#$',3"*01%"01"" "" " +'--%1%,#.8"',"80(1"0Q,".'-%mGMP" 4'+"1%:+',3"#$'&")00R"*:R%"80("Q:,#"#0"1%:+"*01%")00R&")8"" "" " :,+p01":)0(#"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%mGTP" B&"#$%1%":,8#$',3"%.&%"80("Q0(.+".'R%"#0"&:8m

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74

Chapter Three

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75

Methodology

50,/1*:#'0,&"+'+"1%:+%1&"*:R%"#$10(3$"#$%"1%:+',3&a":,+C#$%&$'('$)*+,)$" %-./+,"_" +'+" #$%" 1%:+',3&" 710+(5%" :" +%&'1%" -01" :,8"action" #$:#" %,#:'.%+" +0',3" :,8#$',3" *01%" :,+p01" +'--%1%,#.8" '," #$%'1"0Q,".';%&P"

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76

Chapter 4 Authors

Introduction

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77

Authors

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78

Chapter Four

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79

Authors

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80

Chapter Four

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81

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82

Chapter Four

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83

Authors

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#$%"7%07.%"Q%1%"70&&%&&%+")8"'#"q"0Q,%+":,+"055(7'%+C":&"'#"Q%1%C":,+"

84

Chapter Four

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85

Authors

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86

Chapter Four

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87

Authors

6%+%1&%,"',"$'&"1%&%:15$"',#%1;'%Q"&:'+"#$:#"$'&"+1%:*"',"Q1'#',3"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"Q:&"#0"Q1'#%"&0*%#$',3d"]#$:#"Q0(.+"#1:,&5%,+"#$%"-10,#'%1^"EB,#%1;'%QC"!(3(&#C"MNNHKP"A$%"-10,#'%1")%',3"#$%"7.:5%":,+"7.:5%&C":&"$%"+%&51')%&C"Q$%1%"]#$%1%"Q:&"&(5$"&$05R',3";'0.%,5%":3:',&#"7%07.%":,+"7%07.%"1%:..8"Q:,#',3"#$%'1"5(.#(1%":,+"#$%'1".:Q"1%&7%5#%+^"EB,#%1;'%QC"!(3(&#C"MNNHKP"<1'3$#"5:&#&":".'3$#"+0Q,"#$%"5011'+01&"0-"$%1"Q1'#%1.8"*',+"',"$%1"Southerly":1#'5.%"Z60.'#'5&"0-"<1'#',3Yd"

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88

Chapter Four

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89

Authors

1%:&0,&C"#$%"0,%"*0&#"1%.%;:,#"#0"#$'&"&#(+8"'&"#$:#"#$'&"-1:*',3"-:'.&"#0":5R,0Q.%+3%":,+":..0Q" -01"+%%7%1" 50,&'+%1:#'0,"0-" #$%" 1%.:#'0,&$'7")%#Q%%,"Q$0"0,%" '&C"01" ',">$0$:#":,+">#:*Y&"#%1*&"Q$:#"0,%"]$:&^C"Q$:#"0,%"]+0%&^P"!,+"%;%,"#$0(3$">$0$:#":,+">#:*"%D7.01%"#$%",%%+"-01"]%*:,5'7:#018"+'&50(1&%&^"EGHHcC"TcOKC"#$%'1"0;%1:.."-1:*%Q01R" #00" %:&'.8" 3.0&&%&" 0;%1" 70&#50.0,'&',3" .%3:5'%&" #$:#" 710).%*:#'&%" #$%"50,#%*701:18"2(%&#"-01"*(.#'7.%";0'5%&"Q$'.%"#$%"50.0,':."'*7:5#&"0-"&'.%,5',3"#$%";0'5%&"0-"B,+'3%,0(&"7%07.%&"1%*:',"(,:++1%&&%+P"

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E#12/'+$PG$E:QQR$STBU:H

2.1: Biography

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90

Chapter Four

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91

Authors

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92

Chapter Four

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93

Authors

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94

Chapter Four

2.2: Standpoint

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95

Authors

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96

Chapter Four

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97

Authors

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98

Chapter Four

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99

Authors

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100

Chapter Four

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101

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102

Chapter Four

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3.2: Standpoint

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104

Chapter Four

50**%,+%+"Carpentaria" EMNNOK" #0" #$%":&&%*).%+" #$10,3P"<1'3$#":.&0" &70R%C" :,+" B"1%5:.."$0Q"<1'3$#Y&";0'5%"$%.+"+'--%1%,#" #'*)1%"Q$%," &$%"Q:&" &7%:R',3" -10*"$%1"71%7:1%+"&7%%5$"50*7:1%+"#0"Q$%,"&$%"Q:&"7%1-01*',3":"1%:+',3"-10*"$%1",0;%.P"g%1";0'5%"',"&7%%5$"Q:&"#1%*(.0(&":.#$0(3$"50**'##%+"#0"%D71%&&'0,"0-"$%1"5:1%-(..8"51:-#%+"Q01+&a"$%1";0'5%"',"1%:+',3"Q:&"&#10,3C"[:Q.%&&":,+"Q%..W710`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b7%,"=%##%1"#0"\:5$%.">'%Q%1#":,+"f0)"f10Q,"0-"#$%"!(&#1:.':,"X1%%,&P"<1'3$#"71%&%,#%+"$%1":,:.8&'&"Q'#$"31%:#"$(*'.'#8":,+"71%5'&'0,C"Q1'#',3"#0">'%Q%1#":,+"f10Q,"7%1$:7&"Q'#$":";'%Q"0-"#$%*":&"#Q0"0-"#$%";%18"-%Q"!(&#1:.':,".%3'&.:#01&"&$%")%.'%;%+"5:7:).%"0-"07%1:#',3"',"300+"-:'#$"#0Q:1+&"!)01'3',:."7%07.%P"A$%"-0..0Q',3"'&":"2(0#%"-10*"#$:#"b7%,"=%##%1"#$:#"Q:&"7().'&$%+"0,"!f9"b,.',%"Z@,.%:&$%+YC"TN"F:15$C"MNGGd"

b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d"',"0#$%1"Q01+&C"#$%"-(,+:*%,#:."71',5'7.%&"0-"Q$0"Q%":1%C"Q$%1%"Q%"$:;%")%%,C":,+"Q$:#"Q%" Q:,#" #0" )%50*%P" (http://www.abc.net.au/Indigenous/stories/s3177865.htm)

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105

Authors

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106

Chapter Four

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107

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3.4: Authoring Practices

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108

Chapter Four

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109

Authors

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110

Chapter Four

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111

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)8"#$:#"0,#0.038":,+"Q01.+;'%Q":,+"&$%"%*7.08&"$%1"0Q,".'#%1:18"&#8.%C"R%%,"%8%":,+" &:1+0,'5" #0,3(%" #0"+1:Q":##%,#'0," #0"Q$:#" &$%"Q:,#&"$%1" 1%:+%1&" #0" 1%:+C" #0"&%%"01" '*:3',%"Q'#$"#$%'1"*',+&Y"%8%&C" #0"#$',R":)0(#C" #0"-%%.":,+"#0")%" '**%1&%+"',P"<1'3$#Y&" 7().'&$%1C" B;01" B,+8R" )%.'%;%&" #$:#"Carpentaria" EMNNOK" :--01+&" 1%:+%1&":55%&&"#0"]B,+'3%,0(&"50,&5'0(&,%&&^"EB,#%1;'%QC"F:8C"MNNHKC":,+"50,&'+%1',3"#$:#"',&'3$#"',"50,`(,5#'0,"Q'#$"S+Q:1+">:'+Y&",0#'0,"#$:#d"]',+';'+(:."50,&5'0(&,%&&"'&",0#",:#(1:..8":,+"%:&'.8":"*%1%"5$'.+"0-"#$%"5(.#(1%C")(#":"$'&#01'5:.":,+"&05':.":5#01"',"'#^"EGHITC"GLKC"'#"'&":77:1%,#"#$:#"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"'&",%'#$%1"5(.#(1:."#1%:#'&%"01":"70.'#'5:."*:,'-%&#0C")(#"'&"',-01*%+")8")0#$"5(.#(1%":,+"70.'#'5&P"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"'&":".'#%1:18"Q01R"#$:#"!.%D'&"<1'3$#"$:&"710+(5%+"Q'#$"31%:#"&07$'&#'5:#'0,":,+"1%/,%+"50,&5'0(&,%&&C"+1:Q',3"0,"B,+'3%,0(&"Q01.+;'%QC"<::,8'"0,#0.038":,+"50*7.%D"$'&#01'5:.":,+"&05':."R,0Q.%+3%&P"@#'.'&',3"#$'&"50*7.%D'#8C"<1'3$#"51%:#%&"#%D#"#$:#"'&"*0&#"50,;%,#'0,:..8"(,+%1&#00+"#$10(3$"#$%".%,&":--01+%+")8"70&#*0+%1,'&*"-01"'#&" %*7$:&'&"0," #%*701:." &$'-#&C" :,+"70&#50.0,':.'&*" -01" '#&" %*7$:&'&"0," &()`%5#&":++1%&&',3p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e%Q"n01R"A'*%&"\%;'%Q"0-"f00R&C" #0";%1,:5(.:1" .:,3(:3%",:11:#';%" '," #$%"-0..0Q',3"Q:8d

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112

Chapter Four

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E#12/'+$ZG$YT<:BM$@AMABEAH

4.1: Biography

g0Q:1+"6%+%1&%,"Q:&")01,"',">:.%"k'5#01':"',"GHLL":,+"&7%,#"$'&"-01*:#';%".'-%"',"#$%"&*:.."1(1:."50**(,'#8"0-"9$:1.#0,"',",01#$"Q%&#%1,"k'5#01':P"F0&#"0-"$'&"&5$00.',3"Q:&"',"#$:#"#0Q,"%D5%7#"-01"$'&"/,:."#Q0"8%:1&"Q$%,"$%")0:1+%+":#">50#5$"90..%3%C":"71%&#'3'0(&"F%.)0(1,%"71';:#%"&5$00.P"g%"$:&"#Q0":+(.#"5$'.+1%,"Q$0"$:;%"*0&#.8"310Q,"(7" '," #$%"@,'#%+"V',3+0*P" U0..0Q',3" 50*7.%#'0," 0-" $'&" f:5$%.01" 0-"!1#&"Eg0,&K" ',"g'&#018":#"6%1#$Y&"F(1+05$"@,';%1&'#8" ',"GHINC"$'&"710-%&&'0,:." .'-%"$:&"1%;0.;%+":10(,+"1%&%:15$":,+":+;05:58"Q01R"',"<%&#%1,"!(&#1:.':"Q'#$":"-05(&"0,"#$%"V'*)%1.%8"1%3'0,P"g%"5(11%,#.8".';%&"',"f100*%":,+"'&"%*7.08%+":&":"1%&%:15$%1":,+"70.'58":+;'&01"-01":"+%;%.07*%,#"50*7:,8"0Q,%+")8"#$%"n:Q(1(",:#';%"#'#.%"$0.+%1&P" Jandamarra! and! the!Bunuba!Resistance" EGHHLK" 1%*:',&"$'&"0,.8")00RW.%,3#$"Q01RP"6%+%1&%,"'&":",0,WB,+'3%,0(&"!(&#1:.':,P"

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A$%" :)&%,5%" 0-" 6%+%1&%,Y&" 7$0#031:7$" &(33%&#&" $'&" 10.%" :&" ,0,W

113

Authors

B,+'3%,0(&" $'&#01':," Q:&" 50,&'+%1%+" )8" #$%" 7().'&$%1" :&" -:5'.'#:#';%" 1:#$%1" #$:,"&',3.8":(#$01'#:#';%a"01"'#&"71%&%,5%"*:8"$:;%")%%,";'%Q%+":&":"70&&').%"+%#1:5#'0,"-10*"7%15%7#'0,&"0-"Z!)01'3',:.":(#$%,#'5'#8Y"0-"#$%"#%D#P"!(#$01":&"-:5'.'#:#01"1:#$%1"#$:," :(#$01'#8" '&" ,0#" #$0(3$" $0Q" #$%" .'#%1:18"*:1R%#7.:5%" $:&" ;'%Q%+" 6%+%1&%,"Q$0&%"&#:#(&":&":,":(#$01'#8"0,"h:,+:*:11:"$:&")%%,"50,&0.'+:#%+")8"7().'5:#'0,P">',5%"<001(,*(11:Y&" 7:&&',3" '," MNNTC" 6%+%1&%," $:&" )%%," :55%7#%+" 1%3'0,:..8" :&":," '*701#:,#" &0(15%" 0-" $'&#01'5:." R,0Q.%+3%" :)0(#" h:,+:*:11:" :,+" #$%" f(,():"1%&'&#:,5%"#0"',;:&'0,":,+"50.0,'&:#'0,P"B,"1%5%,#"8%:1&C"6%+%1&%,":77%:1%+"0,"#$%":Q:1+WQ',,',3">f>"+05(*%,#:18"&%1'%&"First!Australians"',"$'&"5:7:5'#8":&"$'&#01':,":,+"#%..%1"0-"#$%"h:,+:*:11:"&#018a"$%"$:&":.&0"&70R%,"7().'5.8"0,"*:##%1&":--%5#',3"#$%"V'*)%1.%8"1%3'0,"7:1#'5(.:1.8"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"!)01'3',:."',#%1%&#&";'&":";'&"+%;%.07*%,#"E&%%" -01" ',&#:,5%" #$%" MNNH" f:113:,:" =%5#(1%" $##7dppQQQPR'*)%1.%8',&#'#(#%P013P:(p+05(*%,#&p6%+%1&%,f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andamarra’s!WarP"

Jandamarra’s!War"Q:&"710+(5%+")8"f100*%W):&%+":,+"!)01'3',:."0Q,%+":,+"*:,:3%+"Wawili!PitjasC"',"50,`(,5#'0,"Q'#$"Electric!Pictures"-01"ABC!TVP"F'#5$"A011%&C"Q$0C":.0,3"Q'#$"-:*'.8"*%*)%1&"0Q,"Wawili!PitjasC"Q10#%":,+"+'1%5#%+"#$%"+05(*%,#:18"/.*P"A011%&"Q1'#%&" #$:#" &$%"/1&#"$%:1+" #$%" &#018"0-" h:,+:*:11:":&":"&'DW8%:1W0.+"-10*"$%1"31:,+-:#$%1":,+"'#"#00R"$%1"-01#8"8%:1&"#0"*:R%"#$%"/.*"&$%"$:+"0-#%,"#$0(3$#":)0(#"*:R',3P"A011%&"&#:1#%+"Q1'#',3":"/.*"#1%:#*%,#"',"MNNI":,+"Jandamarra’s!War!Q:&")10:+5:&#"',":",:#'0,:."0,%W0--":510&&"!(&#1:.':"',"F:8C"MNGGP"6%+%1&%,":77%:1&"0,W&51%%,":&"%D7%1#"',-01*:,#":,+"'&":.&0"51%+'#%+"',":,"0--W&51%%,"5:7:5'#8" :&" &51'7#" 50,&(.#:,#a"Q'#$" )0#$"F'#5$"A011%&" :,+"$%1" &'&#%1" S'.%%,"A011%&"Q$0"Q:&" #$%" /.*Y&" 710+(5%1C" :5R,0Q.%+3',3" #$:#" 6%+%1&%," :,+"<001(,*(11:Y&"7().'&$%+")00R"0-" #$%"h:,+:*:11:"&#018"Q:&"0,%"0-" #$%"5%,#1:."&0(15%"+05(*%,#&"-01"#$%"&51%%,"710+(5#'0,P"U10*"#$%"&'#(:#'0,"0-",0":(#$01"7$0#031:7$"',"#$%"GHHL"

114

Chapter Four

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!" 7$0#031:7$" 0-" #$%" &#018" 5(&#0+':," :,+" 50W:(#$01" F1" f:,`0"<001(,*(11:" $:&" )%%," ',5.(+%+" '," #$%" /1&#" %+'#'0," :,+" &()&%2(%,#" 1%71',#&" 0-"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance!EGHHLKP"!"&%50,+"%+'#'0,"0-"#$'&"#%D#"Q:&"1%.%:&%+"',"h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cKP"A$%"7$0#031:7$"0-"F1"<001(,*(11:"-01%310(,+&" f(,():" E!)01'3',:.K" 0Q,%1&$'7" :,+" :(#$01'#8" 0;%1" #$%" &#01'%&" 0-"h:,+:*:11:":,+":.&0"710;'+%&":";'&(:."*0+%"0-"%D71%&&',3":"5(.#(1:.":(#$%,#'5'#8"#0"#$%"7().'&$',3"710`%5#P"A$'&"50W:(#$01Y&"7%1&7%5#';%"0,"#$%"2(%&#'0,"0-"$'&"&#:#(&"0-" :(#$01" :,+"7%15%7#'0,&"0-" :(#$01'#:#';%,%&&"Q'.." )%"+'&5(&&%+" '," #$%" -0..0Q',3"&#:,+70',#":,:.8&'&P"

4.2: Standpoint

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115

Authors

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116

Chapter Four

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117

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A$%"#%..',3":,+"#$%".'&#%,',3"0-"#$%"h:,+:*:11:"&#018"Q:&"#$%")%3',,',3"0-":".'-%.0,3"1%.:#'0,&$'7" )%#Q%%," 6%+%1&%," :,+"<001,(*(11:P" 6%+%1&%,Y&" ',2('18" ]4'+" 80(1"7%07.%"/3$#"):5Rm^"50(.+")%"',#%171%#%+")8"*:,8":&"',,05%,#":,+",:';%C":.#$0(3$"\03%1" BP" >'*0,Y&" :1#'5(.:#'0,&" :10(,+"$'&#01'5:." 50,&5'0(&,%&&"Q0(.+"*01%" .'R%.8"+%/,%" '#" :&" ]0)&5%,%^P"!.#$0(3$" R,0Q.%+3%" 0-"!(&#1:.':," $'&#018" #$:#" #:R%&" -(..":,+" 7107%1" :550(,#" 0-" 50.0,':." ;'0.%,5%" Q'#$'," #$%" ',&#'#(#'0,:.'&%+" ,:11:#';%" 0-"50.0,':."Z:5$'%;%*%,#&Y"$:&",%;%1")%%,":"707(.:1"710`%5#"',"!(&#1:.':P"e0#"',"GHJJC",0#"',"#$%"%:1.8"+%5:+%&"0-"#$%"MG&#"9%,#(18P"A$:#"6%+%1&%,"Q:&",0#":.%1#"#0"#$%"&05':."*0;%*%,#&":,+"1%&'&#:,5%"Q1'#',3":&"0;%1;'%Q%+" ',"9$:7#%1"M"&(33%&#&"$%"%'#$%1"$:+",0#")%%,":Q:1%"0-":,8"0-"#$%&%"%;%,#&C"01"#$:#")%',3"',":"7.:5%"0-":,"!)01'3',:."*:`01'#8":,+"*%%#',3"F1"<001(,*(11:".%+"$'*"#0"*:R%"50,,%5#'0,&"#$:#"&%%*%+",0#"71%;'0(&.8"70&&').%P

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118

Chapter Four

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119

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120

Chapter Four

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4.4: Authoring Practices

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121

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122

Chapter Four

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123

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124

Chapter Four

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125

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126

Chapter Four

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127

Authors

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128

Chapter Four

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129

Chapter 5 Publishers

Introduction

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130

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131

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132

Chapter Five

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134

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136

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138

Chapter Five

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140

Chapter Five

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142

Chapter Five

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144

Chapter Five

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146

Chapter Five

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148

Chapter Five

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150

Chapter Five

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152

Chapter Five

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154

Chapter Five

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156

Chapter Five

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158

Chapter Five

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160

Chapter Five

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162

Chapter Five

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164

Chapter Five

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165

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166

Chapter Five

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167

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168

Chapter Five

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170

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172

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174

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176

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178

Chapter Five

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180

Chapter Five

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182

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184

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185

Chapter 6 EverydayReaders

Introduction

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186

Chapter Six

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187

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188

Chapter Six

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189

Everyday Readers

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190

Chapter Six

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191

Everyday Readers

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192

Chapter Six

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193

Everyday Readers

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194

Chapter Six

E#12/'+$PG$B#3'+*+1#$/+$B#*,#-[B#3F'+3#$

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195

Everyday Readers

i$%1"$(&):,+j"710):).8"Q0(.+Y;%"(,+%1&#00+"'#")%##%1"-10*"#$:#"Q01R',3"$:1+"0,"#$%".:,+"&01#"0-"7%1&7%5#';%":,+"#$:#"*:+%"*%"1%:.'&%"$0Q"*(5$"*8"&%.-WR,0Q.%+3%"B")1',3"#0"#$%"#%D#"',"01+%1"#0"*:R%"&%,&%"0-"'#C"#0"3%#":"50,#%D#"E\JKP"

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196

Chapter Six

A$'&"1%:+%1"-0(,+"1%&0,:,5%"Q'#$"#$%"My!Place"EGHIJK"#%D#":.0,3"#$%".',%&"0-";'%Q',3"$'*&%.-" 0," #$%" ):&'&" 0-" 5.:&&" :&" :" 7:1#':." 0(#&'+%1" '," $'&" $0*%" 50**(,'#8P" A$'&"70',#"0-"%*7:#$8"',51%:&%+"$'&"'+%,#'/5:#'0,"Q'#$"F013:,":,+"-0.+%+"):5R"',#0":"1%#10&7%5#';%.8"%D71%&&%+"%*7:#$8"-01"#$%"!)01'3',:."7%07.%"',"$'&"$0*%":1%:P"A$'&"1%:+%1".:#%1"1%#(1,&"#0"#$%"70',#"0-"$'*")%',3":"]7001"R'+"',":"1'5$"*:,Y&":1%:^"E\GNKC":,+":.&0".05:#%&"#$%"0771%&&'0,"$%"1%:+"',"My!Place"EGHIJK"',#0":"+'&#:,#"7:&#"Q$'.%"1%-%11',3"#0"$0Q"0#$%1&"*'3$#"3:',"&0*%#$',3"-10*"1%:+',3"#$'&"#%D#d"

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197

Everyday Readers

g'&"%D7%1'%,5%"0-"My!Place" EGHIJK"1%&0,:#',3"Q'#$"$'&"0Q,".'-%"5011%&70,+%+"Q'#$"$'&";'%Q"#$:#"'-"80("]#:R%"#$%"B,+'3%,0(&"01"#$%"!)01'3',:.",:*%"0(#"0-"'#C"'#"Q:&":".'-%"&#018"0-":"$:1+"Q01R',3"7%07.%"PPP"'#"Q:&,Y#"7(&$',3":"Q$%%.):110Q^"E\GNKP"A$%&%":&7%5#&"0-"$'&"1%:+%1W1%&70,&%":++%+"Q%'3$#"#0"$0Q"$%"7%15%';%+"My!Place"EGHIJK":&"51%+').%":,+"1%.':).%"-:*'.8"$'&#018C":&"+'&#',5#"-10*"$'&"1%:+',3"0-"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLKC"-01"Q$'5$"$%"5.:'*%+d"

BY*",0#"&(1%":,+"BY;%"30#"#0")%"$0,%&#":)0(#"#$'&C"BY*",0#"&(1%C"#$%"7%1&0,"Q$0":5#(:..8"+'+"#$%"0(#&0(15',3"i50W:(#$01"6%+%1&%,jC"Q$%#$%1"$%"$:+":")':&"#$:#"$%"Q:&"&.'3$#.8".%:,',3"#0Q:1+&P"B,"&:8',3"#$:#C"'-"'#"Q:&":")':&"'#"Q:&,Y#":"$%-#8")':&C"'#"Q:&"Q$:#"$%"Q:&"5$:&',3C"#$:#"&01#"0-"$'&#018C"&0"'#")01%"#$:#")'#"0(#P"B"Q0,+%1C"#$%1%"710):).8"Q:&,Y#C")(#"B":.&0"Q0,+%1"'-"#$%1%"Q:&"&0*%"0#$%1"&'+%&C"&%%,":&"300+"-01")0#$"7:1#'%&"E\OKP""

B#" &%%*&" #$'&" 1%:+%1" Q:,#%+" Jandamarra! and! the! Bunuba! Resistance" EGHHLK" #0"1%#10&7%5#';%.8" 1%&0.;%" #$%" )1(#:.'#8" 0-" #$%" 50.0,':." -10,#'%1" :,+" 1%7.:5%" '#"Q'#$" :"#%..',3"#$:#"*:+%"#$%"$'&#018"&%%*"]300+"-01")0#$"7:1#'%&^"_"-01"!)01'3',:."7%07.%":,+"#$%"50.0,'&#&P"A$'&"1%:+%1"(,1%&%1;%+.8".'R%+"My!Place"EGHIJKC":&"#$:#",:11:#';%")%5:*%"#0"$'*"#$%"].'-%"&#018"0-":"$:1+"Q01R',3"7%07.%^"',":"-:*'.8"$%"Q:&":).%"#0"'+%,#'-8"Q'#$C":"-:*'.8"$%"%;%,"$07%+"#0"0,%"+:8"*%%#P""

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198

Chapter Six

])').'5:."50,,%5#'0,^"+'+",0#"-%%."'#"Q:&"&'3,'/5:,#"%,0(3$"#0"*%,#'0,P"A$%"7%15%';%+"])').'5:.^"50,,%5#'0,&"-01*%+"7:1#"0-"#$%&%"#Q0"1%:+%1&Y"Z+%%7"&#1(5#(1%Y"1%:+',3&"0-"Carpentaria"EMNNOKC"',"#$:#"#$%8"1%3:1+%+"#$'&"#%D#":&"&#%%7%+"',"!)01'3',:."&7'1'#(:.'#8":,+")%.'%;%+"#$%"#%D#"Q:&"5$:..%,3',3"Q:8&"0-")%',3"#$:#":1%",01*:.'&%+")8"<%&#%1,"&05'%#8P"f0#$"*:+%"(,1%&%1;%+.8"70&'#';%"`(+3%*%,#&"0-"#$%"#%D#C":&"5:,")%"&%%,"',">%5#'0," OPcd"Reader-Response! JudgementP"!,0#$%1"Carpentaria" EMNNOK" 1%:+%1" Q01R%+"',":"*',%"',"-:1",01#$"?(%%,&.:,+":,+"#$'&"*:+%"-01";%18"&#10,3"1%&0,:,5%"',"$'&"1%:+',3C"Q$'5$"$:+"+'1%5#")%:1',3"0,"#$%"&%,&%"$%"*:+%"0-"#$'&"#%D#P"g%"-%.#"&#10,3.8"#$:#"#$%"5$:1:5#%1"701#1:8:.&"_"B,+'3%,0(&":,+",0,WB,+'3%,0(&"_"Q%1%"]:55(1:#%^"E\TKa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`0)"0-"$'+',3"'#":&"Q%..":,+"*:&R',3"'#^"E\TKP"A$'&"1%:+%1":.&0"&#10,3.8"'+%,#'/%+"Q'#$"&%;%1:."R%8":&7%5#&"0-"!)01'3',:.'#8":,+"!)01'3',:."Q:8&" #$10(3$"$'&"0Q,"+'1%5#"%D7%1'%,5%" 0-" #$%*P"b,%C"Q:&"$0Q"]7%07.%" `(&#" :77%:1" 0(#" 0-" ,0Q$%1%" '-" #$%1%Y&"#10().%":,+"#$%"-:*'.'%&":.."&%%*"#0"`(&#"50*%"#03%#$%1^"E\TKa":,+"#$%"0#$%1"Q:&"$0Q"]+'--%1%,#"&#01'%&":1%"#0.+")8"#$%"!)01'3',:.&C"'-"#$%1%Y&":"300+"-%%+"',"0,%":1%:"#$%1%"*'3$#")%":"&#018":&&05':#%+"Q'#$"#$:#"&0"#$:#"80(Y.."1%*%*)%1^"E\TKP"

" A$'&"1%&%:15$"(,50;%1%+":.*0&#"#0#:.C",',%#%%,"EGHK"0(#"0-"#Q%,#8"EMNK"1%:+%1&"%D7%1'%,5%+"1%&0,:,5%")%#Q%%,"#$%'1"1%:+',3"0-"#$%"#%D#&":,+"#$%'1"0Q,".';%&P"A$%1%"Q:&":""&#1'R',3":,+"+';%1&%"1:,3%"0-"1%:+%1W1%&70,&%"1%&0,:,5%&"#$10(3$"#$%"1%:+',3&"0-"#$%"&%.%5#"#%D#&C":.."0-"Q$'5$")01%"&0*%"R',+"0-"',[(%,5%"0,"#$%",:#(1%"0-"#$%"1%:+%1&Y"`(+3%*%,#&"0-"#%D#&":,+"0,"#$%'1"7%15%7#'0,&"0-",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',P

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199

Everyday Readers

*:.%&":,+"JGo"0-"1%:+',3&"-10*"-%*:.%&"1%701#%+"70&'#';%WR,0Q.%+3%"3:',&P"A$:#"+:#:" '&" :331%3:#%+" :510&&" #$%" #$1%%" &%.%5#%+" #%D#&C" #$%" #%D#W)8W#%D#" )1%:R+0Q,&" 0-"70&'#';%WR,0Q.%+3%" 3:',&C" '11%&7%5#';%" 0-" 3%,+%1C" :77%:1&" (,+%1" #$%" #%D#W&7%5'/5"$%:+',3&")%.0QP"

3.1: My Place (1987)

B,"1%.:#'0,"#0"My!Place"EGHIJK"q"#$1%%"ETK"0-"&%;%,"EJKC"#$:#"'&C"cTo"0-C"1%:+%1&"1%701#%+",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&"-10*"#$%'1"1%:+',3&P"A$'&".0Q".%;%."0-"&%.-W1%701#%+"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&"50(.+")%":##1')(#%+"#0"#$%"-:5#"#$'&"#%D#"$:&")%%,"',"7().'5"5'15(.:#'0,"-01"0;%1"Mc" 8%:1&" :,+" '#&" &()`%5#"*:##%1" 1%3:1+',3" #$%" )1%:R',3W(7" 0-"!)01'3',:." -:*'.'%&"$:&")%%,"50;%1%+"',"#$%"&()&%2(%,#"e:#'0,:."B,2('18"',#0"#$%"U015%+"\%*0;:.&"0-"!)01'3',:."9$'.+1%,"EGHHLWGHHJKC"1%-%11%+"#0"50..02(':..8":&"#$%">#0.%,"X%,%1:#'0,&"1%701#":,+"#$%"1:,3%"0-"0#$%1":5#';'#'%&"#$:#"$:;%"%;0.;%+"',"1%&70,&%"#0"#$%&%"&#01'%&"0-"!(&#1:.':,"5$'.+$00+P"A$'&"1:,3%"0-":5#';'#'%&"',5.(+%&d"#$%"e:#'0,:.">0118"4:8":,+"#$%"MNNJ"U%+%1:."6:1.':*%,#:18"!70.038"#0"#$%"B,+'3%,0(&"*%*)%1&"0-"!(&#1:.':,"&05'%#8"Q$0"$:+")%%,"1%*0;%+"-10*"-:*'.'%&P"F013:,Y&"#%D#C":&":,:.8&%+"',"9$:7#%1"L"6().'&$%1&C" 5:,":.&0")%"(,+%1&#00+":&":" #%D#" #$:#" &7:Q,%+":",%Q"3%,1%"0-" &(5$"50,-%&&'0,:.",:11:#';%&C"7%1$:7&"-(1#$%1"1:'&',3":Q:1%,%&&"0-"#$%&%"%D7%1'%,5%&":,+"+'*','&$',3"#$%"5:7:5'#8"0-"#$%"#%D#"#0"3%,%1:#%"7%15%7#'0,&"0-",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&":*0,3&#"'#&"1%:+%1&$'7"',"#$%"MNNN&P"

" A$%"#$1%%"1%:+%1&"Q$0"1%701#%+",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&"#$10(3$"#$%'1"1%:+',3&"0-"My!Place!EGHIJK"&$:1%+"#$%"50**0,"1%&70,&%"%D7%1'%,5%"0-"/,+',3"0(#"&0*%#$',3" 50*7.%#%.8" ,%Q" :)0(#"!(&#1:.':," &05'%#8" :,+" #$%" 7.:5%" 0-"!)01'3',:."7%07.%"Q'#$'," '#P"!.." #$1%%" 1%:+%1&" $:+" /1&#" 1%:+" #$'&" #%D#" '," #$%" 8%:1&" -0..0Q',3"/1&#"7().'5:#'0,C":,+"$:+"1%;'&'#%+"#$%"#%D#"-01"#$%"7(170&%&"0-"#$'&"1%&%:15$P"A$%8"1%5:..%+"$0Q"*(5$"'*7:5#"#$%"Q01R"$:+"0,"#$%*":#"#$%"#'*%"0-"/1&#"1%:+',3":,+"*01%"1%5%,#"1%[%5#'0,d"

B"Q:&"`(&#"&#:1#',3"#0".%:1,":)0(#"B,+'3%,0(&"5(.#(1%":,+"50,+'#'0,&"&0"'#"Q:&"`(&#":,0#$%1".%:1,',3",0;%."-01"*%P"<$%,"B"1%:+"'#"#$'&"#'*%"PPP"B"Q:&"&(171'&%+" #0" 1%:.'&%" #$:#" B"Q:&" 1%:+',3":)0(#" #$%" &#0.%,"3%,%1:#'0,&P" PPP"<$%,"\(++"&:'+"Z>0118YC"Q%"$:+"&0*%"0-"*8"-1'%,+&C":.."!)01'3',:.":,+"

200

Chapter Six

#$%'1"50(&',&C"$%1%":,+"&0"Q%"#$0(3$#":.."#$%'1"&#01'%&"Q%1%";%18"&'*'.:1"#0"#$'&C":,+"8%:$C"',":"Q:8C"'#"*:+%":".0#"0-"#$',3&"-:.."',#0"7.:5%"E\GIKP"

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B"Q:&").0Q,":Q:8")8"'#P"B"̀ (&#"#$0(3$#"$0Q"50*%"B"+'+,Y#"R,0Q":)0(#"#$'&P"B#"Q:&":";%18"70Q%1-(.")00R"-01"*%"E\GHKP"

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3.2: Jandamarra and the Bunuba Resistance (1995)

B,"1%.:#'0,"#0"Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"q"/;%"ELK"0-"&'D"EOK"1%:+%1&C"#$:#"'&"ITo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h:,+:*:11:C"#$:#"'&"70&'#'0,%+"',"#$%"#%D#")%-01%"#$%"-(..",:11:#';%")0+8"0-"#$%"#%D#":,+"*01%"',"#$%"+%&'3,"-01*:#"0-":"70%*P"A$'&" 1%:+%1"5:..%+" #$'&"7'%5%C"]:"Q'&%"71%.(+%^" E\MNKP"U01"$'*"]'#" 1%:..8"*:+%" #$%"&#018":,+"'#Y&"&(5$":"31%:#C":.*0&#"70%#'5"7'%5%":,+"'#Y&"`(&#"&0"70Q%1-(.C")(#"'#"+0%&,Y#"1%:..8"Q01R"(,#'."80("1%-%1%,5%"#$%"Q$0.%"&#018^"E\MNKP"A$%"0#$%1"-0(1"1%:+%1&"Q$0"

201

Everyday Readers

1%701#%+",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&" '," 1%.:#'0," #0" #$%" %D#%,#"0-" :15$';:.C"+05(*%,#:18"1%&%:15$"+%#:'."Q%1%":.&0";%18"'*71%&&%+"Q'#$"#$%"%D#%,#"0-"01:."$'&#018"R,0Q.%+3%"#$:#"Q:&"*:11'%+"Q'#$" #$%" :15$';:." &0(15%&" #0" 51%:#%" :" ,:11:#';%" #$%8" :.." +%%*%+"$'3$.8" 1%:+:).%C" %,3:3',3":,+"$'&#01'5:..8"51%+').%P"A$%"0,%" 1%:+%1"Q$0"1%701#%+",0",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',C"\OC":.&0"',+'5:#%+"#$:#"Q$%,"$%"$:+"#'*%"$%"Q0(.+".'R%"#0"5$%5R"#$10(3$"&0*%"0-"#$%"01'3',:."+05(*%,#:18"&0(15%&"0-"#$%"Q01R")%5:(&%"$%"-%.#"#$:#"#$%":(#$01&"Q%1%"7%1$:7&")':&%+"',"#$%'1"$'&#01'5:."#%..',3P"

3.3: Carpentaria (2006)

B,"1%.:#'0,"#0"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"q"&'D"EOK"0-"&%;%,"EJK"1%:+%1&C"#$:#"'&"IOo"0-"1%:+%1&C"1%701#%+",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"3:',&"#$10(3$"#$%'1"1%:+',3&P"A$'&";%18"$'3$".%;%."0-"&%.-W1%701#%+" ,%Q" R,0Q.%+3%" 3:',&" #$10(3$" 1%:+',3&" 0-" Carpentaria" EMNNOK" 1%;%:.%+"#$:#" +%&7'#%" #$'&" )%',3" :" Q01R" 0-" /5#'0," #$%" 1%:+%1&" -0(,+" 1%:.W.'-%" 5011%.:#'0,&"#$10(3$"#$%'1":5#';%"*%+':#'0,&"0-"#$%"#%D#P"A$:#"'&C":.."0-"#$%"&%;%,"1%:+%1&"5011%.:#%+",:11:#';%" &'#(:#'0,&" Q'#$" 1%:.W.'-%" &05':." :,+p01" 710-%&&'0,:." 5'15(*&#:,5%&" :,+"710-%&&%+"#0"$:;%"3:',%+",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%P"\%:+%1&"1%701#%+"3:',',3",%Q"R,0Q.%+3%"',"#$%"-0..0Q',3"-0(1"R%8":1%:&d"!)01'3',:.">7'1'#(:.'#8"E\MC"\TC"\GcC"Ka"B,#%1W5(.#(1:."50**(,'5:#'0," E\MC" \HC" \GcKa" 50*7.%D'#8" 0-" 701#1:8:." 0-"!)01'3',:." 7%07.%" E\HC"\GcKa":,+C"1%3'0,:.".';',3C"7:1#'5(.:1.8"',"1%.:#'0,"#0"5$:..%,3%&":10(,+"*',',3"E\TC"\cC"\GGC"\GcKP

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202

Chapter Six

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203

Everyday Readers

0-":"7%1&7%5#';:."&$'-#C"#$:#"'&C"$0Q"&$%"Q:&":).%"#0"7%15%';%"0#$%1"7%07.%":,+"#$%'1"%D71%&&'0,&C" 1:#$%1" #$:," #:R',3" :Q:8" :," ',&#1(5#'0,:." 3('+%" 0-" $0Q" #0" " 1%.:#%" #0"!)01'3',:.":,+"A011%&">#1:'#"B&.:,+%1"7%07.%&P"

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204

Chapter Six

4.1: My Place (1987)

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4.2: Jandamarra and the Bunuba Resistance (1995)

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205

Everyday Readers

1%:+%1&$'7P"!..")(#"0,%"1%:+%1"E\OK"-0(,+"'#"$'3$.8"51%+').%":,+"1%.':).%":,+":.."0-"'#&"1%:+%1&"-0(,+"'#";%18"1%:+:).%C"*0&#"0-"#$%*"&(171'&%+")8"'#&"7:5%":,+",:11:#';%"+1';%P"A$%"-0..0Q',3"1%:+%1W1%&70,&%&":1%"',+'5:#';%"0-"#$%"0;%1:.."1%:+%1W1%&70,&%"#0!Jandamarra!and!the!Bunuba!Resistance"EGHHLK"',"#%1*&"0-"`(+3%*%,#d

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B#Y&":";%18"-:&#"1%:+C"B"-%.#"1%:..8"31'77%+")8"'#C"Q$'5$"#0"*%"#$:#Y&":,"'&&(%C"'-"B"+0,Y#"-%%.";%18"31'77%+")8":")00R"BY.."7(#"'#"+0Q,C")(#"Q'#$"#$'&"0,%"'#"Q:&":.*0&#".'R%":"1:58"1%:+"#$:#"80(Y+"3%#"-10*":"3%,%1:.C"707(.:1",0;%.&":&"Q%..":&")%',3"',51%+').8"Q%..W1%&%:15$%+"E\GLKP"

4.3: Carpentaria (2006)

!.."0-"<1'3$#Y&"1%:+%1&"',"#$'&"1%&%:15$"1%701#%+"-1(&#1:#'0,"Q'#$"Carpentaria"EMNNOK"q"Q'#$" #$%")1%:+#$"0-" '#&" &%##',3&C"Q'#$" '#&" 5:;:.5:+%"0-" 5$:1:5#%1&C")(#"%;%,"*01%"&'3,'/5:,#.8"Q'#$"'#&"&#8.%":#",0#"`(&#":"&(7%1/5':."#%D#(:.".%;%."0-".:,3(:3%"(&%C")(#":#"#$%"+%%7%1".%;%.&"0-"&$'-#',3"#%*701:."7.:,%&C"&$'-#',3"7.:,%&"0-"1%:.'#8":,+"&(71:W1%:.'#8C":,+"#$%"50*7.%D'#8"0-":.."#$%"701#1:8:.&"_"$(*:,":,+",0,W$(*:,"E\MC"\TC"\cC"\HC"\GGC"\GcC"\GJKP"b,%"1%:+%1"%D71%&&%+"$%1"-1(&#1:#'0,":,+"1%&0.(#'0,"0-"$%1"-1(&#1:#'0,"Q'#$"Carpentaria!EMNNOK"',"#$%"-0..0Q',3"Q:8d"

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206

Chapter Six

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208

Chapter Six

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210

Chapter Six

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211

Chapter 7 Conclusion

Introduction

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211

212

Chapter Seven

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213

Conclusion

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214

Chapter Seven

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215

Conclusion

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2.1: Authors

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216

Chapter Seven

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217

Conclusion

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218

Chapter Seven

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219

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Chapter Seven

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>:,+1:"\P"6$'..'7&October,!2011

221

REFERENCESAggerC" fP" GHHNP" The! Decline! of! Discourse! :! Reading,! Writing! and! Resistance! in! Postmodern!CapitalismP"e%Q"n01R"d"A$%"U:.*%1"61%&&"E!"*%*)%1"0-"#$%"A:8.01"r"U1:,5'&"X10(7KP"AminC"eP":,+"XP"hP">P"4%'P"MNNOP"The!Poetics!of!Anti-RacismP"g:.'-:D"d"U%1,Q00+"6().'&$',3P"AndersonC"hPC"XP"9(..(*":,+"VP"=850&P"GHIMP"Art!and!Reality!–!John!Anderson!on!literature!and!aesthetics">8+,%8d"g:.%":,+"B1%*0,3%1PAngC"BP"MNNOP""b,"#$%"60.'#'5&"0-"S*7'1'5:."!(+'%,5%"\%&%:15$P"B,"Media!and!Cultural!Studies!:! KeyWorksC" %+P"FP" XP" 4(1$:*" :,+"4P"FP" V%..,%1C" GJcWGHcP" "F:&&:5$(&%##&" d" f.:5RQ%.."6().'&$',3P"AnzalduC"XP"GHIJP!Borderlands!–!La!Frontera$–!The!New!Mestiza">:,"U1:,5'&50"d"!(,#"=(#%"f00R"90*7:,8P"Ashcroft,"fP"XP"X1'-/#$&":,+"gP"A'-/,P"GHIHP"The!Empire!Writes!Back!–!Theory!and!Practice!in!Post-colonial!LiteraturesP"=0,+0,d"\0(#.%+3%PAshcroftC" fP" XP" X1'-/#$&" :,+" gP" A'-/,P" MNNNP" Post-Colonial! Studies! –! The! Key! ConceptsP"\0(#.%+3%"d"=0,+0,":,+"e%Q"n01RP"AshcroftC"fPC"UP"4%;.',WX.:&&":,+"=P"F591%++%,P"MNNLP"A$%">:51%+"',"!(&#1:.':,"='#%1:#(1%d"!,"B,#10+(5#'0,P"Antipodes"GH"EMKd"GMcWGMOP"AttwoodC"fP"GHHMP"601#1:'#"0-":,"!)01'3',:.":&":,"!1#'&#d">:..8"F013:,":,+"#$%"90,&#1(5#'0,"0-"!)01'3',:.'#8P"I-3+&2#)284L)3+<&)02#4P"*)"D4ML"EHHK"d"TNMWGIP"Australian(Bureau(of(StatisticsP"MNNLP"f00R"6().'&$%1&C"!(&#1:.':C"MNNTWNcP"$##7dppQQQP:)&P30;P:(p<%)&'#%+)&p4TGGNGMHPe>Up-GMINNO+M+G%J5GN5:MLOO-+NNIG):c)pT)LTOMT)Lc%OHH-M5:MLO%++NNN+Jc)%ub7%,405(*%,#"E:55%&&%+"GT"F:15$C"MNNIKP"~~~~~~P"MNNLP"e:#'0,:."9%,#1%" -01"9(.#(1%":,+"\%51%:#'0,">#(+'%&P"$##7dppQQQP:)&P30;P:(p!(&&#:#&p:)&�P,&-pN%L-:G55HL5+NHT5c:MLOIGGNNNJILM)p55::-Jcc:c-c-I+T5:MLOT5NNJc+J:JGub7%,405(*%,#"E:55%&&%+"GT"F:15$C"MNNIKPBarthesC"\P"GHINP"U10*"<01R"#0"A%D#P"B,"C"(+-2#4!+&2+"E)"34H4Q"&3@"0+)*"34)84Q<3+%!+&-0+-&2#)3+4CriticismC"%+P"hP"kP"g:1:1'C"e%Q"n01R"d"901,%.."@,';%1&'#8"61%&&P"BarthesC"\P"Z4%:#$"0-"#$%"!(#$01YP"yP"~~~~~~P"MNNcP"Criticism!and!TruthP"=0,+0,"d"90,#',((*P"BehlerC" SP" %+PGHHLP" @,-:&$'0,:).%" b)&%1;:#'0,&P" A$%" 90*7.%#%" <01R&" 0-" U1'%+1'5$"e'%#l&5$%P">#:,-01+C"9:.'-01,':"d">#:,-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&P"BelseyC"9P"Post-structuralism!A!Very!Short!IntroductionP"bD-01+d"bD-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&P"BennetC" fPC" hP" >#1:(&&" :,+" 9P"<:..:5%W91:))%" %+&P" EGHHIKP"C6"4 R($<&B4 >)+"&2&,4 L)3+<&,4 <$4AustraliaP"F%.)0(1,%d"bD-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PBennetC" fP" MNNOP"Homing! In:! Essays! on!Australian! Literature! and! SelfhoodP" 6%1#$d"e%#Q01R"f00R&PBennettC"AP":,+"hP"U10QP"%+&P"MNNIP"The!Sage!Handbook!of!Cultural!AnalysisP"=0,+0,"a"9:.'-01,':"a"e%Q"4%.$'"a">',3:701%"d">:3%"6().'5:#'0,&"=#+P"f$:)$:C"gP"MNNTP~~~~~~~~P""MNNcP"The!Location!of!CultureP"=0,+0,"a"e%Q"n01R"d"\0(#.%+3%PBirdC"9P"MNNJP"Writing!The!Story!Of!Your!LifeP"=0,+0,C"e%Q"n01RC">8+,%8":,+"!(5R.:,+"d"U0(1#$"S&#:#%P"BirdC"4P":,+"4P"g:&R%..P"%+&P"GHHMP"Whose!Place?!:!A!Study!of!Sally!Morgan’s!My!PlaceP"68*).%C"e><"a"=0,+0,C"@V"d"!,3(&"r"\0)%1#&0,P"BirrellC"VP"MNNHP"f00R"\%;'%Q&P"9:17%,#:1':P"!&&05':#'0,"-01"#$%">#(+8"0-"=:QC"9(.#(1%":,+"#$%"g(*:,'#'%&C"L"d"GLOWGJNPBirrellC" VP" f00R" \%;'%QP" g%:1#&'5R" -01" 90(,#18" d" >#01'%&" 0-" =0;%C" >7'1'#" :,+" 91%:#'0,P"\%;'%Q&"',"!(&#1:.':,">#(+'%&C"h0(1,:."0-"#$%"f1'#'&$"!(&#1:.':,">#(+'%&P"T"EMK"d"GWMP"BirrellC"VP"f00R"\%;'%QP"U013%##',3"!)01'3',%&P"\%;'%Q&"',"!(&#1:.':,">#(+'%&C"h0(1,:."0-"#$%"f1'#'&$"!(&#1:.':,">#(+'%&P"T"ELK"d"GP"

222

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228

Postcolonising!NationP"!+%.:'+%"d"91:Q-01+"g0(&%"6().'&$',3P"RigneyC"=P"BP"GHHJP"B,#%1,:#'0,:.'&:#'0,"0-":,"B,+'3%,0(&":,#'W50.0,':."5(.#(1:."51'#'2(%"0-"1%&%:15$"*%#$0+0.03'%&d"!"3('+%"#0"B,+'3%,'&#"1%&%:15$"*%#$0+0.038":,+"'#&"71',5'7.%&P"B,"a<-&82#4<$4:2+)*"4IJ"&)0284!+-B)"3"GcEMKdGNHWGMGPRoseC"FP"GHHOP"For! the! record!–!160!years! of!Aboriginal!Print! JournalismP" >8+,%8" d"!..%,"r"@,Q',PRowseC"AP"A$%"!)01'3',:.">()`%5#" B,"!(#0)'031:7$8" d"\()8"=:,3-01+Y&"40,Y#"A:R%"n0(1"=0;%"A0"A0Q,P"Australian!Literary!Studies"GO"EGK"GO"7:3%&"i%)&50$0&#".',RjP"SaidC"SP"<P"GHJIP"OrientalismP"e%Q"n01R"d"k',#:3%"f00R&P~~~~~~~~P"GHITP"C6"45<&#BT4+6"4C"(+T428B4+6"4K&)+)0P"F:&&:5$(&%##&d"g:1;:1+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PSalusinszkyC"BP"GHIJP"Criticism!in!SocietyP"e%Q"n01Rd"F%#$(%,P"ScottC" VP" MNNJP" >#1:,3%1&" :#" $0*%" B," C&283#2+)8E4 >)*"34 V4 >)*)8E4 D)+64 CD<4 >28E-2E"34 28B4CulturesP"%+P"f%&%*%1%&C"FP":,+"!P"<'%1l)'5R:C"GWGGP"">#P"=(5':d"@?6P~~~~~~~~P'," eP" X(';:11:P" MNGGP" >8+,%8"<1'#%1&" U%&#';:.P" >8+,%8" d" e:#'0,:." B,+'3%,0(&"A%.%;'&'0,"EeBAkKP"ShawC"XP"6P"GHIIP"\]^^428B42##4+62+H48"D4*)"D34<$4I-3+&2#)2934@23+P">#"=(5':C"?=4d"@,';%1&'#8"0-"?(%%,&.:,+"61%&&PShohatC" SP" :,+"\P" >#:*P" GHHcP"Unthinking! Eurocentrism! :!Multiculturalism! and! the!MediaP"=0,+0,":,+"e%Q"n01R"d"\0(#.%+3%P"=->;'?%,,(@$66$5C"gP"%+P"GHHJP"1#20G4I-3+&2#)284>)+"&2+-&"4V4I41).#)<E&2@6,4<$4W0+)<8T4@<"+&,T4B&2J2T4 <&2#4 +&2B)+)<834 28B4 8<8%W0+)<8T4 )80#-B)8E4 0&)+)02#4 0<JJ"8+2&,4 \]bb%\]]\P" f%1,d" 6%#%1"=:,3"!X"S(107%:,"!5:+%*'5"6().'&$%1&PShoemakerC"!P" GHIHP"Black!Words!White!Page! –!Aboriginal!Literature! 1929-1988P" >#P"=(5':d"@?6PSmithC">P"GHHcP"\%W9'#',3C"\%W>'#',3C":,+"\%W>'3$#',3"='R%,%&&"d"\%:+',3"#$%"U:*'.8"!15$';%"',"41(5'..:"F0+`%&R:Y&"PoppyC"40,,:"<'..':*&Y"Nobody!NowhereC":,+">:..8"F013:,Y&"My!PlaceP"Modern!Fiction!Studies!cN"ETK"d"LNHWLcMP"SpivakC" XP" 9P" GHHNP" C6"4 Q<3+%0<#<8)2#4 K&)+)04 =8+"&*)"D3T4 !+&2+"E)"3T4 ;)2#<E-"3P" e%Q" n01Rd"\0(#.%+3%P"StannerC" <PSPgP" GHOHP" The! 1968! Boyer! Lectures! After! the! DreamingP" >8+,%8d" !(&#1:.':,"f10:+5:&#',3"90**'&&'0,PStrattonC" hP" GHHNP"Writing! Sites! :! A! Genealogy! of! the! Postmodern!WorldP"!,,"!1)01" d" A$%"@,';%1&'#8"0-"F'5$'3:,"61%&&P"SuleimanC">P"GHINP"B,#10+(5#'0,"d"k:1'%#'%&"0-"!(+'%,5%Wb1'%,#%+"91'#'5'&*P"B,"The!Reader!)84 +6"4C"(+4 H4 ?332,34 <84I-B)"80"4 28B4 =8+"&@&"+2+)<8C" %+P" >P" >(.%'*:," :,+" BP"910&*:,C" TWcLP"61',5%#0,"d"61',5%#0,"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PSullivanC">P"!,+"eP"A(:,:P"MNNJP"Race!and!Epistemologies!of!IgnoranceP"!.):,8C"e%Q"n01R"d">#:#%"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&"0-"e%Q"n01RP"TaylorC"XP"MNNLP"Buying!Whiteness!:!race,!culture,!and!identity!from!Columbus!to!hip!hopP"e%Q"n01R"d"e%Q"n01RP"6:.31:;%"F:5*'..:,PTompkinsC" hP" 6P" %+P" GHINP"Reader-Response!Criticism! From! Formalism! to! Post-StructuralismP"F:18.:,+d"A$%"h0$,"g07R',&"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PTorresC"FP"Jandamarra’s!War"%D7.:,:#018"+05(*%,#&P":)5P,%#P:(p';'%Qp"!55%&&%+"F:8"GIC"MNGGPTurnerC"XP"GHHcP"Making!It!National! :!Nationalism!and!Australian!Popular!CultureP">8+,%8"d"!..%,"r"@,Q',P"UnaiponC"4P"MNNGP"Legendary!Tales! of! the!Australian!AboriginesP" %+&P"!P">$0%*:R%1":,+">P"F(%5R%P"F%.)0(1,%d"F%.)0(1,%"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PVan(ToornC"6P" MNNOP"5&)+)8E4:"*"&4I&&)*"34:2G"B4V4?2&#,4I.<&)E)82#4K-#+-&"34 <$45&)+)8E4 )84AustraliaP"9:,)%11:d"!)01'3',:.">#(+'%&"61%&&P

229

WalderC"4P"%+P"MNNcP"Mnd"%+P"Literature!in!the!Modern!World!–!Critical!Essays!and!DocumentsP"e%Q"n01Rd"bD-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&WalkerC"VP"GHJN"My!People!–!A!Kath!Walker!Collection."F'.#0,d"A$%"h:5:1:,+:"61%&&P<:..%1&#%',C"BP"GHHGP"Unthinking!Social!Science!:!The!Limits!of!Nineteenth-Century!ParadigmsP"9:*)1'+3%"d"60.'#8"61%&&P"WallersteinC" BP" MNNcP"A$%"@,5%1#:',#'%&"0-"V,0Q.%+3%P"6$'.:+%.7$':" d"A%*7.%"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&P"WarriorC" \P" !P" GHHLP" C&).2#4 !"0&"+34 V4 P"0<*"&)8E4 IJ"&)0284 =8B)284 =8+"##"0+-2#4 C&2B)+)<83P"F',,%&0#:d"@,';%1&'#8"0-"F',,%&0#:"61%&&Weaver"hPC"9P">P"<0*:5R":,+"\P"<:11'01P"MNNOP"American!Indian!Literary!NationalismP"@>!d"@,';%1&'#8"0-"e%Q"F%D'50"61%&&PWeberC"=P"MNGNP"`8B"&3+28B)8E4P20"T4K#233T4X"8B"&428B4!"(-2#)+,4H4I4K<80"@+-2#4S&2J"D<&GP"Mnd$%+P"e%Q"n01R"d"bD-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&P"WetherellC"FP">P"A:8.01":,+">P"n:#%&P"Discourse!as!Data!–!A!Guide! for!AnalysisP"A$%"b7%,"@,';%1&'#8PWhitlockC" XP" :,+" 4P" 9:1#%1" %+&P" GHHMP" Images! of! Australia! –! An! Introductory! Reader! in!Australian!StudiesP">#P"=(5':d"@?6P"WilliamC" \P" GHIcP" Literary! meaning:! From! Phenomenology! to! DeconstructionP" bD-01+d" f:&'."f.:5RQ%.."6().'&$%1"='*'#%+PWilliamsC"\P"GHJJP"72&()3J428B4>)+"&2+-&"P"bD-01+d"bD-01+"@,';%1&'#8"61%&&PWindschuttleC"VP"A$%"A1':."0-"!,+1%Q"f0.#"EBBKd"\%:."!)01'3',%&";%1&(&"6$0,%8&P"?(:+1:,#"b,.',%P" 4%5%*)%1P" $##7dppQQQP2(:+1:,#P013P:(p*:3:l',%p'&&(%pMNGNpGMp#$%W#1':.W0-W:,+1%QW)0.#W''W1%:.W:)01'3',%&W;%1&(&W7$0,%8&""E!55%&&%+"A(%&+:8"GL"U%)1(:18C"MNGGKPWittmannC"\P"GHHHP"<:&"#$%1%":"\%:+',3"\%;0.(#'0,":#"#$%"S,+"0-"#$%"S'3$#%%,#$"9%,#(18m"B,P"A!History!of!Reading!in!the!WestC"MIc"W"TGMP"!*$%1&#"d"@,';%1&'#8"0-"F:&&:5$(&%##&"61%&&P"WolfreysC" hP" %+P" GHHIP"The! Derrida! Reader! –!Writing! PerformancesP" =',50.,d" @,';%1&'#8" 0-"e%)1:&R:"61%&&PWorby"XP":,+"=P"BP"\'3,%8P"MNNOP"Sharing!Spaces!:!Indigenous!and!Non-Indigenous!Responses!to!Story,!Country!and!RightsP"6%1#$"d"!6B"e%#Q01RPWrightC"!P"GHHJP"Plains!of!PromiseP">#"=(5':d"@?6"~~~~~~~~P"MNNOP"CarpentariaP">8+,%8d"X'1:*0,+0"6().'&$',3"X10(7P~~~~~~~~P"MNGGP"b7%,"=%##%1"A:.R',3"!)0(#":,"B,+'3%,0(&" "A0*0110QP"$##7dppQQQP:)5P,%#P:(pB,+'3%,0(&p&#01'%&p&TGJJIOLP$#*"E!55%&&%+"TN"F:15$C"MNGNKP

230

APPENDICES

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