52
!"#$$% '()*+,- .-*/)01-23 '()*+,- !45**1675+,- Zornitsa Kozareva USC/ISI Marina del Rey, CA [email protected] www.isi.edu/~kozareva 8)90(50: ;<3 <=;>

01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

!"#$$%&'()*+,-&.-*/)01-23&'()*+,-&!45**1675+,-&

Zornitsa Kozareva!USC/ISI!

Marina del Rey, [email protected]!

www.isi.edu/~kozareva!

8)90(50:&;<3&<=;>&

Page 2: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

!"#$%&'%(')%&'%*"+,%(')%"#-+%#%.)+/0',1%

2%

Q> How do you get a perfect sun tan?

Question Search Engine

Page 3: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

!"#$%&'%(')%&'%*"+,%(')%"#-+%#%.)+/0',1%

3%

Q> How do you get a perfect sun tan?

Question Answer

A> Lie in the sun

Search Engine

Page 4: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

•  4'&+5,%/+#56"%+,78,+/%95'-8&+%&'6):+,$%5+$58+-#;%<#68;80+/%

•  =>?% @8-+,% #% &'6):+,$% 6';;+60',% #,&% #% ;8/$% '<%A+(%*'5&/B%$"+(%5+$)5,%#%5#,A+&%;8/$%'<%5+;+-#,$%&'6):+,$/%=/,899+$/?%

•  =C?%D'*+-+5%%– /+#56"%+,78,+/%&'%,'$%/9+#A%')5%;#,7)#7+%– #%&'6):+,$%8/%,'$%#,%#,/*+5%$'%#%.)+/0',%–  5+;+-#,$%&'6):+,$/%:87"$%,'$%"#-+%$"+%#,/*+5%

– )/+5%/9+,&/%$''%:)6"%0:+%$'%E,&%$"+%#,/*+5%F%

!"+5+%&'%*+%/$#,&%$'&#(%

Page 5: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%H,/*+58,7%=GH?%

•  H/A%$"+%6':9)$+5%#%.)+/0',%8,%,#$)5#;%;#,7)#7+%#,&%.)86A;(%5+6+8-+%$"+%+I#6$%#,/*+5%=#,&%/)J68+,$%6',$+I$%$'%-#;8&#$+%$"+%#,/*+5?%

%%%%%KIL%'()*+,-%%!"+5+%*#/%K8,/$+8,%M'5,1%

%% %%%.-*/)0%%%%%N;:%

%%%%% %%%.-*/)0&?,(-@%%O,+%&#(B%<5':%#:',7%"8/%68$(% % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % %-8+*/%'<%N;:B%OP'%6"'/+%#%*#$+5% % %% % % % % % %%%%%%%%%6';'5%$'%/+,&%$'%H;M+5$%K8,/$+8,%#/%#% %% % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5+:+:M5#,6+%'<%K8,/$+8,%Q/%M85$"9;#6+L%

R%

Page 6: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

S%

WILLIAM WILKINSON’S “AN ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPALITIES OF WALLACHIA AND MOLDOVIA” INSPIRED THIS AUTHOR’S MOST FAMOUS NOVEL%

IBM’s!Watson !

T+'9#5&(%U"#;;+,7+%*"86"%VW4X/%!#$/',%*',%on Feb 16th, 2011

Page 7: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

Y%

Page 8: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

Z#5#&87:/%<'5%GH%

•  V[CM#/+&%#995'#6"+/%– \[KU]%%VW4%!#$/',]%@''7;+%

•  ^,'*;+&7+CM#/+&%#,&%D(M58&%#995'#6"+/%–  VW4%!#$/',]%H99;+%_858]%!';<5#:%H;9"#]%\5)+%^,'*;+&7+%K-8%%

`%

Page 9: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

V[CM#/+&%a#6$'8&%GH%

•  GNK_\VOb%Z[OUK__Vb@%– c+$+6$%.)+/0',%$(9+B%#,/*+5%$(9+B%<'6)/B%5+;#0',/%– a'5:);#$+%.)+58+/%$'%/+,&%$'%#%/+#56"%+,78,+%

•  ZH__H@K%[K\[VKdHe%– [+$58+-+%5#,A+&%&'6):+,$/%– W5+#A%8,$'%/)8$#M;+%9#//#7+/%#,&%5+5#,A%

•  Hb_!K[%Z[OUK__Vb@%– KI$5#6$%6#,&8&#$+%#,/*+5/%– [#,A%6#,&8&#$+/%%

Page 10: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

Question Analyser

Search Engine

Paragraph Sorter

Answer Processor

WEB

Question

Answer

_8:9;8E+&%H56"8$+6$)5+%

Question Analyser Human

Page 11: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%Z5'6+//8,7%=\"8,7/%$'%+I$5#6$%<5':%$"+%.)+/0',?%•  H,/*+5%\(9+%c+$+60',%

– &+68&+%$"+%-5A)@&)-+B:&=9+5/',B%9;#6+?%'<%$"+%#,/*+5&

•  G)+5(%a'5:);#0',%– U"''/+%C()0:&D):/,0@*&<'5%$"+%V[%/(/$+:%

•  G)+/0',%\(9+%6;#//8E6#0',%–  V/%$"8/%#%&+E,80',%.)+/0',B%#%:#$"%.)+/0',B%#%;8/$%.)+/0',1%

•  a'6)/%c+$+60',%– a8,&%$"+%.)+/0',%*'5&/%$"#$%#5+%5+9;#6+&%M(%$"+%#,/*+5%

•  [+;#0',%KI$5#60',%–  a8,&%5+;#0',/%M+$*++,%+,00+/%8,%$"+%.)+/0',%

2f%

Page 12: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%Z5'6+//8,7%

•  H,/*+5%\(9+g%%N_%/$#$+%•  G)+5(g%%$*'%/$#$+/B%M'5&+5B%a;'58&#B%,'5$"%•  a'6)/g%$"+%$*'%/$#$+/%•  [+;#0',/g%%M'5&+5/=a;'58&#B%1IB%,'5$"?%

22%

\"+(X5+% $"+% $*'% /$#$+/% (')% 6');&%M+% 5++,$+58,7% 8<%(')X5+%65'//8,7%a;'58&#X/%,'5$"+5,%M'5&+5%

Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 13: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

4#,(%.)+/0',/%6#,%#;5+#&(%M+%#,/*+5+&%M(%*+M%/+#56"%

23%Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 14: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

V[CM#/+&%G)+/0',%H,/*+58,7%

2F%Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 15: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

2R%

\[KU%V[CM#/+&%GH%_(/$+:/%

•  Where are zebras most likely found? — in the dictionary

•  Where do lobsters like to live? — on the table

•  What is an invertebrate? — Dukakis

Michael Dukakis is a member of the Democratic Party, I have long suspected that elected officials from the Democratic Party are some previously unclassified form of invertebrate, a totally spineless creature capable of great noise but no real movement or action

•  Where do lobsters like to live? — on the table

•  Where are zebras most likely found? — in the dictionary

•  What is an invertebrate? — Dukakis

Page 16: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

Z#5#&87:/%<'5%GH%

•  EFG95*)@&5HH0,57I)*&– \[KU]%%VW4%!#$/',]%@''7;+%

•  ^,'*;+&7+CM#/+&%#,&%D(M58&%#995'#6"+/%–  VW4%!#$/',]%H99;+%_858]%!';<5#:%H;9"#]%\5)+%^,'*;+&7+%K-8%%

2S%Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 17: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

^,'*;+&7+CM#/+&%#995'#6"+/%=_858?%

•  W)8;&%#%/+:#,06%5+95+/+,$#0',%'<%$"+%.)+5(%– \8:+/B%&#$+/B%;'6#0',/B%+,00+/B%,):+586%.)#,00+/%

•  4#9%<5':%$"8/%/+:#,06/%$'%.)+5(%/$5)6$)5+&%&#$#%%'5%5+/')56+/%– @+'/9#0#;%&#$#M#/+/%– O,$';'78+/%=!8A89+&8#%8,<'M'I+/B%cWZ+&8#B%!'5&b+$B%h#7'?%

– [+/$#)5#,$%5+-8+*%/')56+/%#,&%5+/+5-#0',%/+5-86+/%– _68+,0E6%&#$#M#/+/%

2Y%

Page 18: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

D(M58&%#995'#6"+/%=VW4%!#$/',?%

•  W)8;&%#%/"#;;'*%/+:#,06%5+95+/+,$#0',%'<%$"+%.)+5(%

•  @+,+5#$+%#,/*+5%6#,&8&#$+/%)/8,7%V[%:+$"'&/%– H)7:+,$+&%*8$"%',$';'78+/%#,&%/+:8C/$5)6$)5+&%&#$#%

•  _6'5+%+#6"%6#,&8&#$+%)/8,7%586"+5%A,'*;+&7+%/')56+/%– @+'/9#0#;%&#$#M#/+/%– \+:9'5#;%5+#/',8,7%– \#I',':86#;%6;#//8E6#0',%

2`%

Page 19: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

U'::+568#;%_(/$+:/%

!"+5+%8/%$"+%e')-5+%4)/+):%;'6#$+&1% V,%Z#58/B%a5#,6+%

!"#$X/%$"+%#MM5+-8#0',%<'5%;8:8$+&%9#5$,+5/"891%

eLZL%

!"#$%#5+%$"+%,#:+/%'<%O&8,X/%5#-+,/1% D)78,,%#,&%4),8,,%

!"#$%6)55+,6(%8/%)/+&%8,%U"8,#1% ()#,%

!"#$%A8,&%'<%,)$/%#5+%)/+&%8,%:#5i89#,1% #;:',&/%

!"#$%8,/$5):+,$%&'+/%4#I%['#6"%9;#(1% &5):/%

!"#$%8/%$"+%$+;+9"',+%,):M+5%<'5%_$#,<'5&%N,8-+5/8$(1%

YSfC`3FC3Fff%

* Handle mainly factoid questions

Page 20: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%U;#//8E6#0',%•  \"+% 95'6+//% M(% *"86"% #% /(/$+:% #,#;(i+/% #%.)+/0',%#,&%;#M+;/%$"+%.)+/0',%*8$"%#%78-+,%#,/*+5%$(9+%

&&'%%j!"'%*#/%$"+%E5/$%Z58:+%48,8/$+5%'<%U#,#&#1k%

&.-*/)0&J:H)g%Z+5/',%

•  V$%8/%#,%8,$+75#;%9#5$%'<%#,(%GH%/(/$+:%–  ;8:8$/%$"+%5#,7+%'<%&#$#l6'59'5#%$'%M+%/+#56"+&%

– :#A+/%$"+%GH%95'M;+:%$5#6$#M;+%

Page 21: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

\#/A%c+E,80',%•  @8-+,%#% /+$%'<%.)+/0',/B%M)8;&%#,%#)$':#$+&%/(/$+:% $"#$% 6#,% ;+#5,% $"+% :#998,7% M+$*++,%$"+%.)+/0',/%#,&%$"+%#,/*+5%$(9+/%

Page 22: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

\#/A%c+E,80',%•  @8-+,%#% /+$%'<%.)+/0',/B%M)8;&%#,%#)$':#$+&%/(/$+:% $"#$% 6#,% ;+#5,% $"+% :#998,7% M+$*++,%$"+%.)+/0',/%#,&%$"+%#,/*+5%$(9+/%

•  !"#$X/%8,%#%G)+/0',1%

–  G)+/0',%\(9+%

–  H,/*+5%\(9+%

–  G)+/0',%a'6)/%

–  G)+/0',%\'986%

Page 23: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%\(9+%•  K)?%% H,% 8&8':#06% 6#$+7'58i#0',% '<% .)+/0',/%<'5% $"+% 9)59'/+% '<% &8/0,7)8/"8,7% M+$*++,%&8m+5+,$% 95'6+//8,7% /$5#$+78+/% #,&l'5% #,/*+5%<'5:#$/L%

–  aHU\OVcg%%%%%%%%%%%jD'*%<#5%8/%8$%<5':%K#5$"%$'%4#5/1k%

–  eV_\g%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%je8/$%$"+%,#:+/%'<%6"+*8,7%7):/k%

–  cKaVbV\VObg%%%%%j!"'%8/%d;#&%$"+%V:9#;+51k%

–  hK_CbOg%%%%%%%%%%%%%jV/%_#&&#:%D)//+8,%#;8-+1k%–  OZVbVObg%%%%%%%%%%j!"#$%&'%:'/$%H:+586#,/%$"8,A%'<%7),%6',$5';1k%–  n%

Trivia-like questions where short, factual answers are expected!

Page 24: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

H,/*+5%\(9+%•  K)?%% \"+% 6;#//% '<% 'Mo+6$% =$(9+% '<% /+,$+,6+?%/')7"$%M(%$"+%.)+/0',L%

–  ZK[_Ob% % % % %=<5':%j!"'%nk?%–  ZeHUK% % % % %=<5':%j!"+5+%nk?%–  cH\K% % % % %=<5':%j!"+,%nk?%–  bN4WK[% % % %=<5':%jD'*%:#,(%nk?%

% % %M)$%#;/'%

–  KpZeHbH\VOb% % %=<5':%j!"(%nk?%–  4K\DOc% % % %=<5':%jD'*%nk?%

Page 25: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%a'6)/%•  K)?%% \"+% 95'9+5$(% '5% +,0$(% $"#$% 8/% M+8,7%/')7"$%M(%$"+%.)+/0',L%

– jV,%*"#$%/$#$+%8/%$"+%@5#,&%U#,(',1k%– j!"#$%8/%$"+%9'9);#0',%'<%W);7#58#1k%– j!"#$%6';'5%8/%#%9':+75#,#$+1k%

Page 26: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%a'6)/%•  K)?%% \"+% 95'9+5$(% '5% +,0$(% $"#$% 8/% M+8,7%/')7"$%M(%$"+%.)+/0',L%

– jV,%*"#$%*B5B)&8/%$"+%@5#,&%U#,(',1k%– j!"#$%8/%$"+%H,H(45+,-&'<%W);7#58#1k%– j!"#$%7,4,0&8/%#%9':+75#,#$+1k%

Page 27: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%\'986%•  K)?%% \"+% 'Mo+6$% =9+5/',B% 9;#6+B% n?% % '5% +-+,$%$"#$% $"+% .)+/0',% 8/% #M')$L% b'$+% $"#$% $"+%.)+/0',% :87"$% *+;;% M+% #M')$% #% 95'9+5$(% '<%$"+%$'986B%*"86"%*8;;%M+%$"+%.)+/0',%<'6)/L%

– j!"#$%8/%$"+%"+87"$%'<%4$L%K-+5+/$1k%•  I)12IB&8/%$"+%<'6)/%• LBM&NO)0)*B&8/%$"+%$'986%

Page 28: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

c#$#%U5+#0',%•  !"'%65+#$+/%$"+%H,/*+5%\(9+/1%

•  D'*% #,&% *"(% #5+% 6+5$#8,% H,/*+5% \(9+/%/+;+6$+&1%

-  % H,/*+5% \(9+/% #5+% )/)#;;(% 0+&% $'% $"+% 6;#//+/%5+6'7,8i+&% M(% ')$9)$% '<% b#:+&% K,0$(% [+6'7,80',%_(/$+:/%- %%H,/*+5%\(9+/%&+9+,&/%',%$"+%E,#;%#99;86#0',%

Page 29: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

\[KU%GH%c#$#%_+$/%•  K#6"%(+#5%#%,+*%/+$%'<%.)+/0',/%8/%65+#$+&%

•  \"+% .)+/0',/% #5+% ,'$% ;#M+;+&% *8$"% +I9+6$+&%#,/*+5%$(9+/%

•  \"+%,#:+&%+,0$(%$#7/%#5+%7+,+5#$+&%M(%WWbX/%V&+,0E,&+5%,#:+&%+,0$(%$#77+5%

•  \"+%5+9'/8$'5(%6',$#8,/%F2%H,/*+5%\(9+/%

Page 30: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

KI#:9;+/%'<%H,/*+5%\(9+/%

Page 31: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

c8/$58M)0',%'<%H,/*+5%\(9+/%

date, definition, GPE, person ~57% facility description, time are seen only 1

sparse data

Page 32: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

H,/*+5%\(9+%\#I',':(%

•  Y%6'#5/+%6;#//+/%–  HWWKdVH\VObB%Kb\V\hB%cK_U[VZ\VObB%DN4HbB%eOUH\VObB%bN4K[VU%

•  Sf%E,+5%6;#//+/%–  eOUH\VObg%68$(B%6'),$5(B%:'),$#8,n%–  DN4Hbg%75')9B%8,&8-8&)#;B%0$;+B%&+/65890',%

–  Kb\V\hg%#,8:#;B%M'&(B%6';'5B%6)55+,6(n%

F2%

p8,%e8B%c#,%['$"L%3ff3L%e+#5,8,7%G)+/0',%U;#//8E+5/L%UOeVb@qf3%

Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 33: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

F3%

e8%r%['$"X/%H,/*+5%\(9+%\#I',':(%

Example slide from Chris Manning

Page 34: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

H,/*+5%\(9+/%8,%T+'9#5&(%

•  3Sff%#,/*+5%$(9+/%8,%3fBfff%T+'9#5&(%.)+/0',%/#:9;+%

•  \"+%:'/$%<5+.)+,$%3ff%#,/*+5%$(9+/%6'-+5%s%Sft%'<%&#$#%

•  \"+%Rf%:'/$%<5+.)+,$%T+'9#5&(%#,/*+5%$(9+/%"+B%6'),$5(B%68$(B%:#,B%E;:B%/$#$+B%/"+B%#)$"'5B%75')9B%"+5+B%6':9#,(B%95+/8&+,$B%6#98$#;B%/$#5B%,'-+;B%6"#5#6$+5B%*':#,B%58-+5B%8/;#,&B%A8,7B%/',7B%9#5$B%/+58+/B%/9'5$B%/8,7+5B%#6$'5B%9;#(B%$+#:B%%/"'*B%#6$5+//B%#,8:#;B%95+/8&+,0#;B%6':9'/+5B%:)/86#;B%,#0',B%M''AB%0$;+B%;+#&+5B%7#:+%

FF%

a+55)668%+$%#;L%3f2fL%W)8;&8,7%!#$/',g%H,%O-+5-8+*%'<%$"+%c++9GH%Z5'o+6$L%HV%4#7#i8,+L%a#;;%3f2fL%SuC`uL%

Page 35: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

bC75#:%a+#$)5+/%•  bC75#:/%#5+%'5&+5+&%#55#,7+:+,$%'<%!"*'5&/%

–  !#$"),875#:%–  ,v3%M875#:%

–  n%

KIL%jD'*%<#5%8/%8$%<5':%K#5$"%$'%4#5/1k%% % %),875#:/g%w"'*B%<#5B%8/B%8$x%

% % %M875#:/g%w"'*%<#5B%<#5%8/B%8/%8$%nx%

FR%

Is it good to use higher order n-grams? Why? !

Page 36: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%!'5&%a+#$)5+%•  N/+%$"+%.)+/0',%*'5&%8$/+;<%#/%#%/+9#5#$+%<+#$)5+%

KIL%jD'*%<#5%8/%8$%<5':%K#5$"%$'%4#5/1k%

% % %),875#:/g%w"'*B%<#5B%8/B%8$x%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.)+/0',%*'5&g%w"'*x%

% % %%

FS%

KIL%j!"#$%6';'5%&'+/%;8$:)/%9#9+5%$)5,%*"+,%8$%6':+/%8,$'%6',$#6$%*8$"%#%/$5',7%#68&1k%

But isn’t this very repetitive? Would it actually help or make a difference?

avoid misclassifying the question as time

Page 37: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

e8:8$#0',/%'<%$"+%c8/6)//+&%a+#$)5+/%•  \"+(%*8;;%8,6'55+6$;(%6;#//8<(%#%.)+/0',%$"#$%"#/%:);09;+%$(9+/%

%KIL%!"#$%.)+/0',%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%95'9+5%,#:+%<'5%#%<+:#;+%%&'()*1%%– !"#$%8/%b86"';#/%U#7+X/%+(,-.**/,!1%%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%+,+)'&0,!"'<%_+#P;+1%%– !"#$%1&)*.2"$"+%e(,:')$"%y''&/1%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%3.'.+4,!."!)56.(%<'5%$"+%N,8-+5/8$(%'<%^+,$)6A(1%

– !"#$%8/%#,'$"+5%,#:+%<'5%!.&(*/743.2!.**"1%

FY%

animal

bio

cardinal

cause/effect

contact info

disease

Type

Page 38: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

_+:#,06%a+#$)5+/%•  e+$X/%8,6'59'5#$+%/':+%/+:#,06/%•  !"+5+%&'+/%/+:#,06%8,<'5:#0',%6':+%<5':1%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%95'9+5%,#:+%<'5%#%<+:#;+%%&'()*1%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%+,+)'&0,!"'<%_+#P;+1%

– !"#$%8/%$"+%$#;;+/$%5,)!3&/!1%%

% % %%

F`%

animal is-a

animal

location

cardinal is-a number

is-a location

C%!"#$%8/%$"+%$#;;+/$%6)/'2/!7"8,%T#9#,1%%

is-a structure facility

Type

Page 39: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

!'5&b+$%a+#$)5+/%D+#&*'5&%KI$5#60',%Z5'6+&)5+%a'5%+#6"%.)+/0',/%

–  5),%ZO_C$#77+5%– E,&%$"+%E5/$%,'),%9"5#/+%#,&%#//):+%8$%8/%$"+%:#8,%',+%

– +I$5#6$%$"+%587"$:'/$%*'5&%$#77+&%#/%,'),%– )/+% !'5&b+$% $'% &+$+5:8,+% #;;% "(9+5,(:/% '<% $"+%"+#&*'5&%

Fz%

works ~90%

!"#$%8/%$"+%3&''.*3"6)/'2/!7"8,%T#9#,1%%

is-a

…. unit artifact structure

Page 40: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

!+MCM#/+&%a+#$)5+/%•  a'5%+#6"%.)+/0',%#,&%8$/%"+#&*'5&B%/)M:8$%$'%$"+%!+M%;+I86'C/(,$#606%9#P+5,/%'<%$"+%<'5:g%%

% % % % %j{%/)6"%#/%4.&2%,(2k%

•  [+$58+-+% #,&% 5+5#,A% #;;% /+:#,06% 6;#//+/%;+#5,+&%<5':%$"+%!+M%

!"#$%8/%$"+%95'9+5%,#:+%<'5%#%<+:#;+%%&'()*1%

Page 41: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

O$"+5%a+#$)5+/%•  Z#5$C'<C/9++6"%$#7/%•  b'),%9"5#/+/%•  G)+/0',%;+,7$"%•  b#:+&%K,00+/%="+;9/%7+,+5#;8i+%$"+%.)+/0',?%

% % %%

Rf%

%%%%%%!"'%8/%8)9.":''/!73,!1%%%%%%%%sC|%!"'%8/%s9+5/',},#:+|1%

%!"'%8/%;4&('.*"</!26.(741%%sC|%!"'%8/%s9+5/',},#:+|1%

Page 42: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

4#6"8,+%e+#5,8,7%U;#//8E+5%•  \"+%:'/$%5'M)/$%9+5<'5:#,6+%8/%#6"8+-+&%*8$"%_)99'5$%d+6$'5%4#6"8,+/%=_d4?%

•  \5#8,8,7g%–  a'5%+#6"%.)+/0',%*'5&%=*"#$B%"'*B%*"+,B%n?%M)8;&%&8m+5+,$%_d4%6;#//8E+5/%

•  \+/0,7g%–  a'5%+#6"%),/++,%.)+/0',B%+I$5#6$%$"+%.)+/0',%*'5&%–  W)8;&%#%<+#$)5+%-+6$'5%)/8,7%$"+%/#:+%<+#$)5+/%*"86"%*+5+%)/+&%8,%$5#8,8,7%

–  N/+%$"+%_d4%6;#//8E+5%6'55+/9',&8,7%$'%$"+%.)+/0',%*'5&%

R2%

Page 43: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

)P5AH4)& !5HM& 1-K17Q)0& 1-K17R02& 1-K17S,7& TQ&

2% 2% 2% f% 2%

f% f% f% 2% f%

2% 2% f% f% 2%

2% f% f% 2% 2%

2% f% 2% 2% 2%

f% 2% f% f% f%

e+#5,8,7%H;7'58$":

R3%

%#,/*+5

\5#8,+&%4#6"8,+ \5#8,%_+$%a+#$)5+%@+,+5#0', N,8-+5/8$(BfB2B2B,);;BN,8B2BRFU%%\[HVb%cH\H

\K_\%cH\H

\+/$%_+$%a+#$)5+%@+,+5#0', N_UBfB2B2B2BfB,);;%%

Q0)@17B)@&.-*/)0&

eOUH\VOb%

eOUH\VOb%

ZK[_Ob%

O[@HbV~H\VOb%

O\DK[%

O\DK[%

J0()&.-*/)0&

eOUH\VOb%

O\DK[%

ZK[_Ob%

O[@HbV~H\VOb%

O[@HbV~H\VOb%

O\DK[%

!

Precision =# correct identified NEs

# identified NEs

What is another good measure for the evaluation of question classification? !

Page 44: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K-#;)#0',%4+#/)5+/%•  4+#,% [+6895'6#;% [#,A% =4[[?% 8/% )/+&% $'%+-#;)#$+% #% ;8/$% '<% 9'//8M;+% 5+/9',/+/% $'% #%.)+5(B%'5&+5+&%M(%95'M#M8;8$(%'<%6'55+6$,+//L%

!

MRR =1Q

1RATi=1

Q

" Q – total number of questions to evaluate RAT – rank at which answer type is found

'()*+,-& F)*(4B&,?&Q0)@17B)@&&.-*/)0&J:H)&

!,00)7B&.-*/)0&J:H)&

F5-D& F)71H0,754&F5-D&

!"#$% 8/% b86"';#/%U#7+X/%+(,-.**/,!1%% 9+5/',B%M8'B%6',$#6$%8,<'B%&+E,80',% M8'%

!"#$%8/%$"+%$#;;+/$%6)/'2/!7"8,%T#9#,1%% +,0$(B%;'6#0',B%79+B%<#68;8$(% <#68;8$(%

Page 45: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K-#;)#0',%4+#/)5+/%•  4+#,% [+6895'6#;% [#,A% =4[[?% 8/% )/+&% $'%+-#;)#$+% #% ;8/$% '<% 9'//8M;+% 5+/9',/+/% $'% #%.)+5(B%'5&+5+&%M(%95'M#M8;8$(%'<%6'55+6$,+//L%

!

MRR =1Q

1RATi=1

Q

" Q – total number of questions to evaluate RAT – rank at which answer type is found

'()*+,-& F)*(4B&,?&Q0)@17B)@&&.-*/)0&J:H)&

!,00)7B&.-*/)0&J:H)&

F5-D& F)71H0,754&F5-D&

!"#$% 8/% b86"';#/%U#7+X/%+(,-.**/,!1%% 9+5/',B%91,B%6',$#6$%8,<'B%&+E,80',% M8'% 3% 2l3%

!"#$%8/%$"+%$#;;+/$%6)/'2/!7"8,%T#9#,1%% +,0$(B%;'6#0',B%79+B%?57141B:& <#68;8$(% R% 2lR%

MRR=0.375

Page 46: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

G)+/0',%U;#//8E6#0',%Z+5<'5:#,6+%•  W#/+;8,+%:'&+;%

– M#7C'<C*'5&% <+#$)5+/% =8L+L% $"+% 8,&8-8&)#;% *'5&/%$"#$%:#A+%)9%$"+%.)+/0',?%

•  OM$#8,+&%5+/);$/%*8$"%&+/658M+&%<+#$)5+/%F5-D&F& V5*)41-)& ":-B5P

W91205AX&")A5-+7& ":-B5PY")A5-+7&

2% ``LSu% `zLz2% zfLFu% z2L3S%%

3% zYLR3% zYLzS% ufLRS% zzLSz%

F% zuLS2% ufLFf% uFL2f% uFLF3%

R% u2L2Y% u2L`R% uSLSS% uRLRf%

S% u3LYf% u3Lz3% u`LFR% uSLFF%

2f% uSLFF% uSLRf% uSLRf% u`L3f%

4[[% LZ$>[& LzS2`% Lz`3`% LZ[>[&WY>X&

Page 47: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K55'5%H,#;(/8/%•  V,6',/8/$+,6(%8,%$"+%;#M+;+&%&#$#%

%!"'%8/%8)9.":''/!73,!1%

%!"'%8/%;4&('.*"</!26.(741%

% %!"#$%&'+/%;=="/$#,&%<'51%

%!"#$%&'+/%>?@?"/$#,&%<'51%

person

Type

biography

organization

definition

Page 48: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K55'5%H,#;(/8/%•  H:M87)')/%#,/*+5%$(9+/%

%!"+5+%*#/%e8,6';,%#//#//8,#$+&1%

% %!"+5+%*#/%$"+%#6$5+//B%4#58',%c#-8+/B%M)58+&1%

facility

Type

location

location

facility

Type

Page 49: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K55'5%H,#;(/8/%•  V,"+5+,$;(%&8J6);$%.)+/0',/%

%!"#$%8/%$"+%,#:+%'<%$"+%e8',%^8,7X/%/',%8,%$"+%%

%%%:'-8+%j\"+%e8',%^8,7k1%

%%%%!"'%&+-+;'9+&%9'$;#$6"1%

animal

Type

nationality

Page 50: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K55'5%H,#;(/8/%•  ZO_C$#778,7%:8/6;#//8E6#0',/%%

!"#$%N_%@'-+5,:+,$%#7+,6(%5+78/$+5/%

$5#&+:#5A/1%

!"#$l!Z%N_lbbZ%@'-+5,:+,$lbb%&7.!1Albb%%

5+78/$+5/lbb_%$5#&+:#5A/lbb_%1lL%

organization

Type

Possible solution do a pull parse tree of the question!

Page 51: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

K55'5%H,#;(/8/%•  !'5&b+$%6'-+5#7+%#,&%#:M87)8$(%

!"#$%1.(.&'"7'+/%j/,#9B%65#6A;+B%9'9k1%%%

!'5&b+$%_+,/+%2%

6+5+#;B%6+5+#;%75#//%

%%%%%%%v|%75#//%

%%%%%%%%%%%v|%75#:8,+')/%9;#,$B%75#:8,#6+')/%9;#,$%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%v|%"+5MB%"+5M#6+')/%9;#,$%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%v|%-#/6);#5%9;#,$%

product

Type

Page 52: 01-23&'()*+,-& !45**1675+,-€¦ · s% william wilkinson’s “an account of the principalities of wallachia and moldovia” inspired this author’s most famous novel% ibm’s!

U#,%(')%M)8;&%(')5%'*,%GU%/(/$+:1%

V,%*"#$%68$(%*#/%Z+$+5%M'5,1%%

!"#$%8/%Z+$+5X/%M85$"9;#6+1%%!"#$%8/%$"+%M85$"9;#6+%'<%Z+$+51%b#:+%Z+$+5X/%M85$"9;#6+L%

!"#$%8/%$"+%$#;;+/$%:'),$#8,1%!"#$%8/%$"+%"87"+/$%:'),$#8,%8,%$"+%*'5;&1%

b#:+%$"+%"87"+/$%:'),$#8,L%!"#$%8/%$"+%,#:+%'<%$"+%$#;;+/$%:'),$#8,1%

S2%