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7/28/2019 01 Introduction NDDU Final
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HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTUREAr. Maria Lourdes Rigunay, UAP
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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
A record of mans effort to build beautifully.
Traces the origin, growth, and decline of
architectural styles which had prevailed in countriesand ages.
Architecture provides a direct means of expressingviews of different cultures about the structure of theworld.
Architecture is the great book of mankind, man'sprimary means to express the various stages of hisdevelopment, whether by power or spirit.
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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Buildings have significance and they pass messages,just as our clothing or the interior design of ourhomes pass on messages about our personalities
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HISTORIC STYLE OFARCHITECTURE
Particular method
Characteristics
Manner of design prevalent at a certain place andtime
Historical period is the particular time in the historyof man that a certain style was prevalent.
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INFLUENCING FACTORS
There are general influencing factors of a particulardesign of a building
From planning, to walling, columns, opening as in doors
and windows, roofing, mouldings, and ornaments.
Geography Geology Climate
Religion HistorySocial and
Political
The following are THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE HISTORIC STYLES in architecture:
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GEOLOGY
Describes the materials found in the locality.
Materials like stone, trees, reeds, bamboo, clay for bricks,marble, metal, etc, influence the character of the buildings.
Describes the character and composition of theearth and the contour of the ground and how itaffects the structure of that place and time.
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GEOGRAPHY
Pinpoints the location of a particular country.
Describes where it is: whether near the sea, on an
island, on mountains, deserts and other places in theglobe.
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CLIMATE
Climate is the prevailing weather in the country.
A country with much sunshine or little rain, or ifthere are winters with much snow has varying typesof architectural styles.
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RELIGION
The emotional temperament and spiritualtendencies of the people in a particular country.
If they are pagan, they would build temples fornumerous gods; if they are Christians, they buildchurches with altars; if they are Muslims they buildmosque.
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HISTORY
The background of the people as a whole.
If a country has a history of continuous wars, theywould have built fortified structures and much oftheir old buildings have been ruined and newstructures built.
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SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
How the people lived and are governed.
Hostile people would be warlike, friendly peoplewould be peace loving.
Countries ruled by kings build castles whiledemocratic countries build government buildings.
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Appreciate thehistory of aparticular cultureand USE IT AS AGUIDE and CATALYST
TO A NEWBEGINNING.
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EMBRACE CULTUREAS A BASIS.
CULTURE REFLECTSHISTORY.Historic and traditional architecture can
teach techniques.
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Study, analyze,determine theBASIC ELEMENTSAND RULES thatmade thearchitectureeffective.
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Evolve and improveupon thesetechniques to COMEUP WITH BETTERDESIGNS.
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IMPROVE THE
QUALITY OFDESIGN.
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TIMELINEHistory of Architecture
The construction of buildings reflects the scientific,
religious, social and philosophical worldview of
each period.
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SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS
Temples and churches
Religious faith was dominant in human life
Royal palaces Increased importance of the rulers
Skyscrapers
Economic power.
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Gothic Architecture (1100-1450 AD)
Romanesque Architecture (500-1200 AD)
Byzantine Architecture (5
th
century AD)
Early Christian Architecture (373-500 AD)
Classical Architecture (850-476 AD)
Ancient Greek Ancient Rome
Ancient Egypt (3050-900 BC)
Ancient Near EastSummeria Mesopotamia Babylonia
Pre- historic ArchitectureOld Stone Age New Stone Age Bronze or Iron Age
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Contemporary architecture (1900-present)
Modern Critical regionalism Postmodern Deconstructivist
Early Modern architecture
Expressionist Art Deco (1925-1937) International Style (1900s)
Beaux-Arts architecture (1895-1925)
Art Nouveau (1890-1914)
Revivalism
Renaissance Architecture (1400-1600)
Baroque (1600-1830) Rococo (1650-1790) Return to Classicism
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REPEATING PHENOMENON
Oscillation between opposites:
Between rationalism and emotion
Imitation of nature and its absence
Decoration and pure forms.
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Classical Greek Rational approach
Hellenistic
Emotion
Medieval churches
Cistercian order-stern and devoid of decorations Order of Cluny-rich in sculptural decorations.
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Renaissance Rational forms and harmonies
Baroque Dynamic curving shapes, heavy male
Rococo
Light female
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Neoclassicism
Conservative rational
Romantic style
Feeling of longing for all distant places and times
Modernist style
Universal uniform which strived to break from the past
Postmodernism and Deconstructivism
A pluralistic approach.
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THANK
YOU!