01. Paper - More Than Materials (English)

7/23/2019 01. Paper - More Than Materials (English)

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Mossman, Alan (2008) Ms que materiales: Administrar la necesidad de crearvalor en la construccin Paper para la 2 !on"erencia #uropea so$re %o&'sticaen la !onstruccin #!!% por sus si&las en in&ls (#uropean !on"erence on!onstruction %o&istics)*+ortmund, 8 de mao*

Ms que materiales: Administrar la necesidad de crear valor en la construccin

Alan Mossman-

.esumen

%a construccin es principalmente un proceso de monta/e* #sto se&uir siendoas' a que la industria se mueve acia "uera del sitio de "a$ricacin desu$con/untos* A di"erencia de monta/e de automviles, es un e/emplo de laproduccin $asada en proectos de una sola ve1 ms parecido al roda/e de unapel'cula o la construccin naval* !ada proecto carretera, escuela, ospital,incluso una casa es un prototipo* !ada proecto es 3nico* 4', a repeticiones

dentro del proceso de construccin, pero en su totalidad son un solo producto*

#n la construccin, se crea valor cuando los elementos son ensam$ladoscorrectamente*

5n order "or tat to appen a num$er o" resource 6o7s need to conver&esimultaneousl at te 7or"ace operatives, in"ormation, plant, tools as 7ellas materials*

4i vamos a entre&ar nuestros proectos ms rpido con menos de"ectos, estos6u/os cr'ticos, /unto con la &estin del espacio (para la se&uridad de lasoperaciones) la 9nali1acin de los tra$a/os de monta/e, necesitan primero

una &estin ms sistemtica de lo que &eneralmente reci$en*

is essa callen&es te narro7 (movement o" materials) "ocus o" mostcurrent construction lo&istics and su&&ests tat tere are si&ni9cant $ene9ts"or clients and constructors "rom a $roader de9nition* .ealisin& te "ull ran&eo" $ene9ts requires si&ni9cant can&es at desi&n sta&e*

- 5ntroduccin

4e trata de un pedido, una s3plica a los dise;adores, constructores einvesti&adores de construccin para prestar ms atencin a la lo&'stica, paraconsiderar una de9nicin ms amplia, considerar la lo&'stica en las primeras

etapas del dise;o*

e title o" an earlier essa 7as !onstruction %o&istics: improvin& productivit,cuttin& car$on < creatin& client value $ sstematicall $rin&in& people,in"ormation, plant < materials to&eter at te 7or"ace* =ot tat title andte current one descri$e di>erent vie7s o" te same issue*


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e industr alread attaces &reater importance to lo&isticsconsiderations 7en "aced 7it psicall constrained sites sa in citcentres, $ut can $e eard complainin& a$out te "ailure to learn "romtat e?perience on te ne?t pro/ect 7ere space is no lon&er at a premium*

@ere lo&istics receives due attention tere are cost savin&s "rom

opportunities to pre"a$ricate, more easil constructed desi&ns and a sorterpro&ramme as 7ell as oter $ene9ts "or man involved in construction "ore?ample, increased productivit (and increased earnin&s "or tose onpiece rates), improved sa"et, deliver and reduced car$on "ootprint o" teconstruction process*

2 Bu es valorC

5 am usin& value ere in te lean sense D value is 7at te customer 7ants toreceive and is 7illin& to pa "or* Ealue is an assessment made relative to aset o" concerns tat someone Fte customer or clientG 7ants addressed*

ere is notin& o" value independent o" a person sain& *** it is valued* !lient

concernsDinterests, not 7orriesD*** inevita$l can&e over te li"e o" FaGpro/ect* (Macom$er et al 200H)

Antin& else is 7aste* !lients and o7ners e?pect to pa "or desi&n, tematerials required to create te $uildin& or structure and "or te assem$l o"tose materials* 5" te ne7, 7ould te 7ant to pa "or te 7aitin&,delas, multiple andlin&, re7or, etc tat caracterises muc construction

7orC Ione o" it creates an value per se tou& some movement o"in"ormation, materials, plant and people is necessar to create value*

us 7e ave tree cate&ories o" 7or value creatin& 7or, 7or tatis necessar to support te creation o" value and 7aste* ere are a num$ero" studies o" te relationsip $et7een tese tree tpes o" 7or as illustrated inJi&ure - 2*


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ApooK LL

!reacin de valorK 8

+esperdicioK N0

Ji&ure -: proportion o" construction e>ort creatin& value (O-0), supportin&value creation (L0LO) and 7asted (OONO) muc o" te activit tatsupports value creation is lo&istics*

L Bu es lo&'sticaC

!am$ers +ictionar (-QH2) de9nes lo&istics as te art o" movement andsuppl o" troops, 4R#+ (-QH0) as te art o" movement and quarterin&troops < Merriam@e$ster Rnline as te procurement, maintenance, andtransportation o" militar matriel, "acilities, and personnel* is is a muc$roader de9nition tan te one &enerall used in construction D &ettin&materials to site $e"ore te are required*

@at i" 7e de9ne construction lo&istics as te movement, suppl < 7el"are o"$uildersC And 7at i" 7e 7ere to require our lo&istics team to deliver /ustintime rater tan $e"ore* @it "e7er materials a7aitin& assem$l onsite,constructors 7ould spend less on movin& materials, less on replacin& dama&editems, ave more space and "e7er opportunities "or materials to o$struct 7oror cause accidents* @e mi&t see "e7er delas as people more o"ten arrived atte 7or"ace 7it te in"ormation, tools and materials tat te need to createvalue in sa"et and com"ortL* Altou& it adds no customer value itsel",lo&istics ena$les value creatin& 7or to 6o7*

L*- Measures o" te e>ectiveness o" lo&istics processes

Percenta&e o" tass a$le to $e done 7en planned

ime spent 7aitin& $ people (caused $ lo&istics "ailures)

5temised cost o" deliver

#ndtoend cost o" materials

ime spent 7aitin& $ materials, onsite and o>site (less time S lo7ercas6o7)


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Rnsite area used "or stora&e planned vs* actual

@alin& distances (measured $ pedometer) o" silled tradesmen

Io o" times materials moved once te arrive on site

L*2 #?amples o" unnecessar lo&istical 7aste

%on& distances "or sta> to reac te toilets and oter "acilities

Movin& materials required later so tat current operations can proceed

+ama&e to and pil"erin& o" materials stored on site

Rperational delas caused $ late deliver o" materials, in"ormation,plant or equipment

4illed tradespeople movin& materials, in"ormation plant orequipment so tat te can use teir sills

4illed tradespeople 7aitin& "or materials, in"ormation plant orequipment

Accidents caused $ main& do, urr and rus or inadequate plannin&caused $ delas $ot on site and in surroundin& streets

4u$optimal construction processes a"ter inadequate consideration o"lo&istics in desi&n

raTc con&estion caused $ inadequate lo&istics plannin& < traTcmana&ement

Rverorderin& o" materials /ustincase

U @at is te potential scope o" lo&istics

a$le - sets out te e responsi$ilities su$sumed under lo&istics usin&te =audin (200U) de9nition D materials o" course, $ut 7el"are, sa"et,7aste, environment, in"ormation and muc more $esides* 4ome elementsma $e covered under oter eadin&s and an construction lo&istics planis liel to develop iterativel alon&side te desi&n* is ceclist,developed $ te autor, is te $asis "or te development o" lo&istics plansdeveloped $ Verman construction compan WXster*

a$le -: e elements ceclist "or a lean lo&istics plan

Elemento DetallesGestin de Salud ySeguridad

!mo se &estiona la salud de la mano de o$ra a$ordatodos los asuntos particulares que pudieran a"ectar lasalud la se&uridad del individuo del lu&ar*

Procurement Yo7 pro/ect procurement is mana&ed, 7o asautorit < 7o is responsi$le

Seguridad de la obra !mo se &estiona la se&uridad del sitio, de los


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operarios otros, adems de los "uturos usuarios*

Trafc Management Arran&ements "or movements o" veicles $ot on andin te vicinit o" te site

Ocinas deAdministracin

Providin& "or administrative and tecnical sta> 7oneed to $e $ased on or ver close to te pro/ect sitedurin& construction

Site Housekeeing Yo7 equipment and materials on site 7ill $e storedsa"el and securelK o7 te site 7ill $e ept clean andtid and o7 tat 7ill $e paid "or*

En!ironmentManagement

Yo7 sensitive aspects o" te environment 7ill $e cared"or 7eter te are 6ora, "auna or parts o" ourarcaeolo&ical or arcitectural erita&e

Site "asteManagement

Yo7 surplus resources and 7aste 7ill $e mana&ed $oton and o> site*

#nsurance Yo7 te pro/ect is insured and o7 te insurer(s)interests 7ill $e protected

#n$ormationManagement

Yo7 in"ormation 7ill 6o7 to te 7or"aceK to suppliersand "rom te pro/ect to nei&$ours, te communit and

to oter staeoldersPersonnelManagement

@el"are and oter "acilities provided "or te 7or"orceand te mana&ement o" tose "acilities*

MaterialsManagement

Yo7 materials move "rom source to 7or"ace and o7surpluses and 7aste are moved $ac "rom te7or"aceK taes account o" te di>erent caracteristicso" materials and o" te constraints tat a>ect teirmovement*

Site in$rastructure emporar < permanent draina&e, 7ater, electrical oldin&, scissor li"ts, oo time

etc* tat 5 needCE/ternalconditions

Plannin& autoritK $uildin&7arrant approvalK landacquisition are tese all linedupC

@eaterK $uildin& inspectorK IY=!inspectorK utilit provider are teseall lined upC

Sace @ill 5 ave control o" tis aspecto" desi&n or 7ill oter people7or on it simultaneouslC

@ill 5 ave sa"e access to te7orspace to do te 7orC

Prior.ork

5s te desi&n "or tesuperstructure complete so"oundation desi&n can $ecompletedC

5s te 7all $uilt so tat plasterin& can$e&inC

O %o&istics and sills

5n ]W, as in man oter countries, tere is a sorta&e o" silled constructionpersonnel* e !onstruction 4ills Iet7or =lueprint "or ]W !onstruction 4ills200H20-- (200H) &ives an indication o" te ]W sorta&es*

5t is &enerall accepted tat silled operatives are prevented "romdeploin& teir sills "or si&ni9cant periods ever 7ee* ere is de$atea$out o7 muc time is 7asted* e ]W 4trate&ic Jorum "or!onstructionZs 200O report 5mprovin& !onstruction %o&istics stated (mempasis):

In construction, skilled craftsmen are often using their skills forless than 50% of their time on site4. Amongst the nonskilled tasksthey are involved in are unloading lorries and moving

products around site. (y em!hasis" #$esearch y &'$IA a )* uilding ser+ices research organisation in the-0 years since 004 sic has sho/n that on a+erage -0% of the /orkingday of site o!erati+es in all trades is lost due to waiting for materials,or collecting materials, tools, and equipment. (y em!hasis"

A note on te =4.5A 7e$site states =4.5A researc $et7een -QQU and 2002so7ed tat on a construction pro/ect appro?imatel U0 o" all site la$our

is lost due to delas and a "urter -0 due to varia$ilit in installationper"ormance* O

A 47edis stud, Yammarlund (-Q8Q, quoted $ =ertelsen < Ieilsen -QQH)so7ed tat a$out a tird o" te time used $ te 7orer on te $uildin& siteis spent rocuring ,is materials in t,e .idest sense, equallin& a$out -0percent o" te total $uildin& cost* (M empasis)


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@eter te percenta&e is -0, L0, O0 or more tere is room "orimprovement* ere are sorta&es o" construction mana&ement sills tooDpeople 7o understand o7 a $uildin& &oes to&eter, o7 to mana&e andimprove a pro/ect* 5n te a$sence o" a dedicated lo&istics team part o"teir attention is diverted to lo&istics issues and to sortin& lo&istics "ailures*

***unloadin& lorries and movin& products around site, *** procurin& ***materials in te 7idest sense, *** collectin& materials, tools, andequipmentDtese are all e?amples o" material lo&istics* @aitin& "ormaterials is &enerall te result o" a "ailure o" materials lo&istics*

is su&&ests tat improvin& lo&istics $ sstematicall $rin&in& people,in"ormation, plant < materials to&eter at te 7or"ace 7ill ave an impacton te current sills sorta&es and pro$a$l a si&ni9cant one* 5" te ]W ma/orcontractors are ri&t and silled operatives currentl onl use teir sillsO0 o" te time an improvement to OO represents a -0 increase inproductivit*

N %o&istics, sa"et and ealt

Vood lo&istics 7ill ave te minimum o" materials on site a7aitin& assem$l*As 7ell as $ein& &ood "or cas 6o7, tis maes it easier to eep te site cleanand tid and reduces opportunities "or slips, trips and "alls* An e>ectivelo&istics team 7ill also pa attention to te maintenance o" plant andequipment* Vood lo&istics plannin& allo7s sca>olders and oters to do teirdesi&n and plannin& in &ood time, "urter reducin& te riss to tose 7o erectte sca>oldin& or oter temporar 7ors and to tose 7o use it*

Jire is a ris on site even in steel and concrete "ramed $uildin&s* #verone isresponsi$le "or 9re sa"et, $ut 7o taes te lead on 9re prevention and

miti&atin& te e>ects o" 9re sould it occurC ]sin& m de9nition tis is alo&istics responsi$ilit*

#arlier 5 7rote &ood lo&istics is concerned 7it o7 people, in"ormation,equipment and materials arrive at te 7or"ace a$le to create value insa"et and com"ort* Jor me tis includes te attention to teer&onomics o" te 7or"ace and provision o" appropriate 7or$ences,tools and equipment to do te /o$ 7itout incurrin& musculoseletal in/uries(see e*&* !ourt et al 200O)*

H %o&istics in masterplannin&

5 ave eard man complaints "rom constructors a$out inadequateconsideration o" lo&istics durin& desi&n* is as implications "or $uilda$ilitand ultimatel "or cost* =ut particularl in lar&er (re)development andre&eneration areas even earlier consideration can create &reen $ene9ts too*


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Jor man lar&er developments consultants prepare a masterplan* e plan 7ill$e realised $ di>erent constructors on di>erent sites* +esi&ners "or eac$uildin& or structure 7ill 7or independentl* #sta$lisin& parameters "orconstruction lo&istics "or te total development[ re&eneration process "rom teoutset creates te possi$ilit to reduce traTc movements, con&estion in, andaround, te development area and construction time, particularl i" provision ismade "or a consolidation centre and even site oTces tat can later $e used "oroter emploment uses* o elp realise tese $ene9ts plannin& autorities canas "or construction lo&istics proposals at masterplan sta&e* Plannin&conditions "or individual sites[pro/ects can $e used to rein"orce tese lo&isticsdecisions later*

8 %o&istics in +esi&n

Arcitects < desi&ners mae lo&istics decisions, o"ten unconsciousl* Venerallte impact o" tese decisions is to restrict constructors^ coices later in tedevelopment process* 5n one instance te desi&n involved a si&ni9cant roo"overan& close to te ed&e o" te site* e desi&n o" te roo" and overan&structure meant tat te ad to $e installed $e"ore te vertical claddin&panels* is prevented Lstor i& claddin& panels $ein& craned into place*

e panels tere"ore ad to $e made in sections and li"ted into place "rom te&round at a si&ni9cantl i&er costDand 7it more opportunit "or a leaenvelope*

e 4trate&ic Jorum "or !onstruction report (200O) stated: +esi&nPro"essionals need to $e more a7are o" te part te pla in ensurin& &oodlo&istics, particularl at te sceme desi&n sta&e* More trainin& "or arcitectsma not $e te ans7erD7e mi&t 7is tat te $e more a7are o" lo&istics,$ut tere are man more issues demandin& teir attention as $uildin&s andcodes $ecome more comple?*

ransport "or %ondonZs %ondon Jrei&t Plan ("% 200H) notes: ... it is im!ortantat all stages of the de+elo!ment !rocess from design and !lanning through toconstruction that full consideration is gi+en to the freight and ser+icingim!lications of the de+elo!ment and its !otential users. It is essential that

freight acti+ity is considered alongside the mo+ement of !eo!le, throughoutthe !lanning system, to a+oid generating con1ict /ith other road users,

!articularly !edestrians and cyclists. 2o /hich the 3ondon lan (ayor of3ondon 00" adds 2he !lanning system can assist the e6ciency of roadfreight o!eration and reduce its im!act y, for e7am!le, encouraging the

!ro+ision of /aiting areas for freight +ehicles, or consolidation centres to a+oidunnecessary tri!s or mileage and the resulting !ollution and emissions8


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"% is alread respondin& to plannin& applications "or lar&er pro/ects in Vreater%ondon 7it a su&&estion tat a !onstruction %o&istics Plan $e requested andtat it sould $e secured trou& a plannin& condition* "% su&&ests tat $20-- *** plannin& applications "or all ma/or developments, alon& 7it smallerdevelopments over an a&reed tresold, 7ill require te su$mission andimplementation o" !%Ps* e %ondon Jrei&t Plan sets out criteria and

e?pectations "or a !onstruction %o&istics Plan (!%P): .educe con&estion and emissions durin& te construction pase $

reducin& contract duration and minimisin& trips (particularl in peatimes), lane closures and ille&al 7aitin&[loadin& activities, /usti9ed $a transport assessment tat considers te $ene9ts o" usin&consolidation: !onsolidate loads, usin& lar&er veicles main& "e7er deliveries

7en possi$le A site deliver $ooin& sstem to reduce[avoid te possi$ilit o"

veicles queuin& on te i&7a Ruto"ours[o>pea 7orin& 7ere possi$le

]se o" more sustaina$le modes, i*e* 7ater and rail "rei&t, 7ere"acilities e?ist +etails o" contractual can&es tat require suppliers and servicin&

companies to reduce te num$er o" trips and to use le&al loadin&"acilities

A plan so7in& 7en and 7ere deliveries and servicin& can tae placele&all and in sa"et

+emonstrate o7 lane closures and ille&al 7aitin&[loadin& 7ill $eminimised "or deliveries*

5nclude desi&n "eatures to minimise te num$er o" deliver trips durin&te operation pase o" te $uildin& (7en a +eliver and 4ervicin& Plan7ill $e enacted)

5t is interestin& to note tat tese relate onl to materials and 7aste and tattere is at least an implicit reco&nition tat attention to lo&istics can elpreduce contract duration* ere is notin& a$out te 7or"orce &ettin& to siteor a$out te impact o" earl consideration o" lo&istics on num$ers emploed onsite*

=e"ore ten "% 7ants &overnment $odies in Vreater %ondon to set an e?ampleto private sector clients* is ma require can&es in pu$lic constructionprocurement metods to ena$le constructors to 7or 7it desi&ners andclients[endusers to mae decisions at appropriate points in te desi&n process*

is is discussed in more detail in section -2 and ma also require can&es in#] procurement rules*

8*- #arl constructor involvement

5nvolvin& constructors at te desi&n sta&e is one 7a to ena$le te lo&isticsplan to emer&e 7it te desi&n* is requires clients to understand o7attention to lo&istics can a>ect te cost o" teir pro/ects and to accept morecolla$orative procurement metods tan +esi&n$id$uild* 5n te current


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economic climate "or construction 7ere it seems constructors are procuredeiter ver earl in te process to ensure tat tere is someone and pre"era$lan Ateam to $uild te pro/ect tis is not diTcult* =ut:

Are desi&ners usin& te opportunit to 7or 7it constructors to ensure$uilda$ilit and tat implicit lo&istics decisions are made e?plicitC and

@at 7ill appen 7en it is once more a clientZs maret rater tan aconstructorZsC

#arl constructor involvement as oter $ene9ts too* 5t can ena$le te use o"set$ased desi&n, a process tat allo7s te desi&n space to $e ept open "or aslon& as possi$le 7ile a ran&e o" desi&n options are evaluated a&ainst $otdesi&n and constructa$ilit criteria (Parris et al 200H), and allo7s time "orconstructors to develop o>site "a$rication solutions tat allo7 one or more o":

.educed cost

4a"er construction

.educed 7aste

Jaster construction

8*2 =uildin& 5n"ormation Modellin& < n+imensional desi&n

=uildin& 5n"ormation Modellin& (=5M) 7ill support tis process 7en time$ecomes one o" te dimensions* n+ !A+ paca&es can ena$le te desi&n ectin& 7eeda commuter trains* A virtualreearsal revealed tat, as desi&ned, te precast elements 7ould not 9t* Asimple redesi&n ena$led te pro/ect to $e delivered in LN ours* (Woercel200O)

Rter lo&istics $ene9ts accrue "rom movin& to =5M* Most people includin&some arcitects 9nd it diTcult to visualise 7at a 2dimensional dra7in& 7ill

$e lie in te realit o" tree dimensions* @en con"ronted 7it L+ realitclients and oters sometimes 7ant can&es* 4ome o" tose can&es could $emade at desi&n sta&e at "ar less cost and "ar less 7aste i" te client andconstruction team ad $een a$le to loo at te desi&n in L+*

Q %o&istics in !onstruction

Jor some time no7 construction operations on con9ned sites ave paid&reat attention to lo&istics* @it no7ere to store materials and space "or


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site accommodation limited, teZve ad no coice* Man involved in sucpro/ects ave commented on o7 muc $etter suc pro/ects ave &one, etseem to revert to $usiness as usual 7en te no lon&er need to plan to tesame de&ree $ecause tere is more space on site* Rne o" te $ene9ts o" teplannin& is tat materials are more liel to arrive /ustintime, can ten $emoved direct to te 7or"ace* is in turn reduces te opportunities "or

materials to $e dama&ed, stolen or to o$struct operations and require movin&once, t7ice or more $e"ore reacin& te 7or"ace*

is section loos in turn at some aspects o" people, in"ormation,equipment and materials lo&istics in practice* 5n lean terms, none o"tese elements create value "or te enduser[client[ o7ner $ut te valuecreation process cannot $e completed 7itout tem* All lo&istics,planned or not, are a cost to te constructor* %o&istics costs eliminatedand reduced trou& e>ective plannin& drop strai&t to te $ottom line*

is is one reason 7 it is reall important to plan*

Q*- People lo&istics

%ondon Yeatro7Zs ne7 erminal O (O) ad a num$er o" lo&istics teams* 5naddition to materials andlin&, tese teams 7ere responsi$le "or oTceaccommodation, 7el"are, occupational ealt, securit and a ran&e o" oter"acilities to support tose 7orin& on te site* e too care o" traTcmana&ement, reduced traTc movements and contri$uted to sa"et*

At O &ettin& people to site 7as a ma/or constraint on material lo&istics* @itup to H000 people on te pro/ect and access restricted to a sin&le $rid&e 7itone lane in eac direction, earl in te process someone reali1ed tat lo&istics7as te ma/or constraint* Rntime completion required t7o veicles a minute ineac direction to cross te $rid&e ever our te site 7as open* !onstructor

operated $uses collected and securit ceced operatives "rom up to U0 milesa7a and dropped tem o> at teir 7or"ace* =uses also operated "rom tu$estations and o>site car parin&*

at si1e o" 7or"orce requires si&ni9cant 7el"are and oTce "acilities* @!sprovided close to ever 7or"ace maintained value creation time (and elpoperatives on piece rates mae &ood mone)*

Q*2 5n"ormation lo&istics

%ate or de"ective in"ormation is a "requent reason "or delaed deliver o"assem$l operationsDoperatives and mana&ers need it to no7 te

conditions o" satis"action "or success"ul deliver o" 7or* Accordin& tot7o American studies quoted $ \an& < Wim ("ortcomin&) missin&in"ormation and in"ormation delivered late constitutes O0_80 o" tepro$lems in construction (omas et al 2002K omas et al -QQH)*

4ometimes operatives and mana&ers complain a$out too muc in"ormation inone area and not enou& "or anoter or a$out te "ormat in 7ic in"ormationis provided* ]suall te in"ormation needed comes "rom more tan one source*


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@o is responsi$le "or 9ndin& out 7at is needed, in 7at "orm, $ 7om and7enC

Q*L #quipment lo&istics

e issues relatin& to materials and equipment are similar and, in so "ar

as equipment is used to move materials, interdependent* e 7ill $econsidered to&eter* ere are man "actors tat contri$ute to material andequipment deliver pro$lems includin& manu"acturin& pro$lems, desi&ndelas, lon& suppl cains, road (and rail) delas, 7eater*

Q*U Materials lo&istics

5n te &round7or and civil en&ineerin& pases o" a pro/ect materials tend to$e i& volume and lo7 varietDcement, a&&re&ates, re$ar, sutterin&, steelD o"ten requirin& specialist veicles* At 9tout time materials are i&varietlo7volume items tat need sensitive andlin& to preserve te 9nises tecustomer 7ill see and "eel* Material lo&istics operations need to andle $ot o"

tese e?tremes and evertin& in $et7een* All are required /ustintime* Alltree sta&es can appen simultaneousl on all $ut te smallest pro/ects*

Q*O %o&istics and[or !onsolidation centres

5n ]W construction tere is &ro7in& interest in te use o" consolidationcentres to $u>er pro/ects "rom te va&aries o" deliver* A consolidationcentre receives materials "or one or more sites and ten delivers tem asrequired to te sites* e %ondon !onstruction !onsolidation !entre (%!!!)in 4# %ondon served U sites in central %ondon* Apart "rom steel, cement,concrete, sand and a&&re&ates, te main contractor e?pected all materials to$e delivered to %!!! "or /ustintime deliver to eac site* @ile tis did not

appen to te e?tent initiall envisa&ed, in addition to QO` ontime deliver,tere 7ere si&ni9cant $ene9ts to te sitesDmaterials inspected on receipt atte centre Fdama&ed materials returnedG and stored in a 7areouse untilrequired so arrivin& at te 7or"ace in &ood conditionK as muc paca&in& aspossi$le is removed $e"ore materials &o to site so tat tere is less todispose o"K $ecause materials are not su$/ect to e?ternal stora&e te can$e delivered to %!!! 7it less paca&in&*

e decision to use a consolidation centre ma ave implications "or desi&n as7ell as $e in6uenced $ itDanoter reason "or involvin& te constructor at anearl sta&e*

Q*N R>site "a$rication

e O consolidation centre provided some7ere 7arm and dr "or operativesto produce re$ar ca&es "or /ustintime deliver and installation on site* As7ell as providin& ideal conditions "or main& te ca&es, tis reducedclutter on site, improved te qualit o" ca&es and meant tat lar&evolumes o" air 7ere onl transported a "e7 undreds o" metres*


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-0 %o&istics "or sustaina$le construction lean < &reen

5n addition to ena$lin& silled construction 7orers to create more value "orclients, o7ners and endusers, a lo&istics team or "unction can create value"or societ trou& environmental $ene9ts* e ]W 4trate&ic Jorum .eport(200O) descri$es environmental as 7ell as productivit $ene9ts:

9n the id:ity lace de+elo!ment in :entral 3ondon a strategy/as de+elo!ed to reduce multihandling and re!eated mo+ing ofmaterials. 2his im!ro+ed logistics led to some ;5% less material/aste than enchmark sites, distriution of material /ith one less

!air of hoists, and almost -00% !erformance in materials eingdistriuted in the right time and !lace. 2his all contriuted to the

!ro5,000 hours /orked/ithout a single re!orted accident.

#vidence "rom te %!!! su&&ests tat, in a dense ur$an environment, lo&isticsplannin& is &ood "or te environment* 5n te 9rst si? monts o" operation, te%!!! resulted in ("% 200N):

:9 emission lo/ered y >; !er cent, from --,?5kg to ;,->5kg

2he need for deli+eries reduced y three@uarters from around -,500 to ;?5

ourney times for lorries cut y u! to t/o hours

3ess deli+eries turned a/ay from uilding sites, /ith the right materials

arri+ing on time ?5% of the time, u! from 50 !er cent

2ra6c 1o/ maintained around ma


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in adversit $ecause te $elieve tatZs o7 pro/ects &et delivered inconstruction*

Man in construction are "ed up 7it tis 7a o" doin& tin&s* et tose 7odonZt ave a 9re9&tin& reputation precisel $ecause te are a$le to deploe?cellent colla$orative 9reprevention metods suc as %ast Planner, &oodconstruction lo&istics < lo&istics plannin& and 7o 7or colla$orativel 7it teclient and te 7ole o" te pro/ect team do not "eature in construction "oltales to te same de&ree as te 9re9&ters* !ulture eats can&e "or lunc* @eneed to $e su$tle a$out o7 7e mae can&e*

--*- ellin& di>erent stories cele$ratin& ne7 eroes

o raise te pro9le o" tese and oter 9reprevention metods 7e need to 9nd

7as to cele$rate a ne7 set o" eroes men and 7omen 7o deliver qualitpro/ects on time and to $ud&et 7itout te drama o" endless 9res* es, sitappens in construction and tere 7ill $e 9res to 9&t* =ut 9res arenZtnecessar to success*

@o 7ill document te stories o" te Ateams tat $i& developers 7ant tosecure "or teir presti&e pro/ectsC @o 7ill elp mem$ers o" tese Ateamstell teir stories to construction audiencesC

@o 7ill see out te pro/ect mana&ers 7o 7or in a di>erent 7a quietl and 7itout "uss and drama on smaller pro/ects in our to7n, inour cit, in our countrC @o 7ill mae space "or teir stories ininstitution, institute, pro"essional and trade meetin&sC

@ic !#Rs < Mana&in& +irectors 7ill cele$rate individuals and pro/ectteams tat ave &ood 9re prevention measures in place trou&out teirareas o" responsi$ilit and do7npla te pro7ess o" tose tat 9&t endless9resC

Ie7 stories can attract di>erent people into te industr, more 7omen even*+eep do7n tere are not man 7o en/o 7orin& in a cuttroat i& pressureadversarial settin& "or lon& periods*

ere as $een some can&e over te last decade and more* Mace 7as"ounded to &o tis $etter 7a a"ter a &ood e?perience on a =ovis pro/ect in te!it o" %ondon* Rters are doin& it too* =ut &ood ne7s is not ne7s tatZs7 leadersip as to 7or arder to can&e te stories*

%eadersip is &oin& to ave to 7or ard to ensure tat stories o" te ne7eroes and eroines are eard over te o$vious $u11 and e?citement o"stories a$out esterdaZs &un&o maco eroes* e "ormer 7ill need to$e told and retold in $oard meetin&s, scool speec das, compan


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ne7spapers, mana&ement $rie9n&s, industr con"erences, press releases ***7erever and 7enever te opportunit arises* .epetition 7ill elp temessa&e &o ome*

--*2 +evelopin& sills and no7led&e

!onstruction lo&istics teams require people 7it ne7 com$inations o"competences* +ependin& on te si1e o" te pro/ect di>erent levels o"competence 7ill $e required* 4o "ar as 5 am a7are tere are not et ancourses tat cover te required ran&e o" topics at an level* .esearc isrequired to esta$lis te ran&e o" sills required at di>erent levels inlo&istics mana&ement "rom lo&istics operatives trou& to senior lo&isticsmana&ers on ma/or pro/ects*

-2 A 7a "or7ard: 5nte&rated Pro/ect +eliver

5nte&rated Pro/ect +eliver (5P+) colla$orativel ali&ns people, sstems,$usiness processes < practices so as to arness te talents < insi&ts o" all

participants so tat te can optimise value "or te client (7ile creatin& anappropriate return "or all staeolders), reduce 7aste < ma?imise e>ectivenesstrou& all pases o" desi&n, "a$rication < construction* 5nte&rated pro/ectsare led $ a i&l e>ective colla$oration $et7een client, lead desi&ner < leadconstructor "rom earl in desi&n trou& to pro/ect andover and use leantinin& trou&out te process* 5P+ is di>erent "rom $ot +esi&n < =uild and"rom istoric +esi&n=id=uild*

As Ji&ure 2 indicates, a ma/or can&e in 5P+ is to concentrate desi&n mucearlier in te overall process* Jor tis to 7or 7ell te 9rst, and pre"era$lsecond, tier constructors need to $e "ull en&a&ed in te desi&n process 7itte client* At least initiall it seems liel tat clients 7ill need to tae te lead

on implementin& 5P+ as mem$ers o" te !onstruction ]sers .ound a$le,ealt and prison autorities are doin& in te ]4* 4ome smaller developersin te ]W are movin& in tis direction too*

e upper dia&ram in Ji&ure L so7s some o" te current pro$lems 7it teistoric desi&n$id$uild 7a o" doin& tin&s 7en construction plannin& $constructors is le"t to te start o" te construction pase*


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Ji&ure L: comparison o" inte&rated lean and istoric pro/ect deliver timelinesH< teir impact on te development o" a sared understandin& o" te pro/ect $te 7ole team (ello7)8

e lo7er dia&ram so7s o7, $ &ivin& te lead desi&ner a more strate&icrole, movin& desi&n to te le"t and involvin& constructors and specialistsuppliers in te desi&n process, tere is muc more time "or constructorsto plan te construction pase e>ectivel and to use o>site "a$rication andmanu"acturin& 7ere it supports te overall process and su&&ests o7 it ispossi$le to compress te overall pro/ect pro&ramme* e overla o" @ill

%icti&Zs o$servations a$out pro/ect understandin& (ello7) su&&est 7tis 7ors* .ecent unpu$lised evidence "rom \apan and "rom te ]4 seemsto con9rm tat tis is a via$le 7a "or7ard*-2*- %o&istics Plannin& 4stems

!onstruction is a uman activit and te unpredicted appens even 7it te$estlaid plans* @ile use"ul "or testin& te "easi$ilit o" a pro/ect and "orcompilin& te ris re&ister, !PM sstems are o" limited use "or mana&in&a pro/ect (Wosela < Yo7ell 2002)* %ast Planner, or one o" its derivatives sucas Pro/ectJlo7, o>ers a "ar more realistic 7a to colla$orativel mana&epro/ect$ased production* .esearc in +enmar so7s tat it is associated

7it reductions in accidents (do7n UO`) and a$senteeism (do7n$et7een -0 and H0 dependin& on te trade), $ot o" 7ic aveimplications "or productivit* is is not te place to descri$e %ast PlannerQ(%P4) in detail* 5 7ant to "ocus on one aspect: e Mae.ead ceclist* is is$uilt around te seven 6o7s listed in a$le 2*


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e Mae.ead ceclist is used to ensure tat 7or can $e done 7en itsould $e done accordin& to te scedule* 5t ma not $e "or te lo&isticsteam to case late deliver o" prior 7or, $ut te lo&istics team need detailedno7led&e o" 7en 7or is, or is liel to $e, completed, 7en delas are lielor ave occurred so te can ensure tat te ri&t materials are read "or eaccre7 7en te are read to 7or*

As =ertelsen as noted (200O) e comple? nature o" constructioncauses o"ten &reat varia$ilit in te 6o7s, not least te 6o7 o" 7or $utalso oter 6o7s suc as in"ormation, cre7, materials and space* Rneapproac is to $etter mana&e tis varia$ilit, 7ere situation basedmanagement met,ods suc, as last lanner ,a!e ro!en efcient*(m empasis)

%P4 is te vital lin $et7een te lo&istics team and $uildin& assem$l teams*Mae.ead and Production Plannin& support $ot e processes and PP! is atleast as muc a measure o" lo&istics team e>ectiveness as it is o" $uildin&assem$l* (5t is "or tese and oter reasons tat 5 $elieve tat %P4 stands "or%o&istics Plannin& 4stem* rade "oremen propose 7en te 7ill do 7ictas ne?t 7ee so tat te lo&istics team no7 7at te ave to do to ena$letat to appen*)

-L !onclusions

=uildin& desi&n, assem$l and lo&istics are interdependent processesvital to te success"ul deliver o" an construction pro/ect* Movin&Materials, People, 5n"ormation and #quipment to te 7or"ace creates no value*

Ealue can onl $e created 7en te all come to&eter at te 7or"ace*Vettin& tem tereDand ensurin& tat te can remain tere until te 7or isdoneDis te lo&istic "unction* #?ternal conditions are outside te control o" tepro/ect teamD$ut te can $e anticipated* 4pace is primaril a$out sa"et andreducin& uncertaint*

ere is a &ro7in& interest in construction lo&istics in ]W and te ]4* More is$ein& done and evaluated $ practitioners in te 9eld* 5mprovin& !onstruction%o&istics is "ull 7itin te remit o" te industr itsel"* 5t requires noadditional po7ers to do 7at te do alread on ver constricted sites* eindustr can coose to test te potesis tat sstematic attention toconstruction lo&istics $ot in desi&n and in construction:

5mproves qualit, cost and deliver

.educes car$on emissions in te construction process

.educes te sorta&e o" sills tat te industr "aces


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5mproves sa"et and ealt "or all on site

@at academic tinin& tere as $een a$out lo&istics per se in constructionas tended to "ocus onl on materials* #ven te dictionar de9nition is 7idertan tis*

Acceptin& =audinZs even 7ider de9nitionDand resourcin& "or itDas tepotential to "ree silled 7orers and mana&ers to "ocus teir time and e>orton deliverin& qualit and value "or te client 7ile otersDte lo&isticsteamDensure tat evertin& else is in place to support tis value creationprocess*

5" it is true tat silled operatives spend a si1ea$le proportion o" teir 7or timedoin& lo&istics tassDor /ust 7aitin& $ecause o" lo&istics "ailuresDimprovedlo&istics as te potential to mae a si&ni9cant contri$ution to te constructionindustr*

5t is not clear "rom te researc to date tat improvin& lo&istics improves

productivit in te industr* @e need more, and more "ocussed, researc toesta$lis tat and to detail te contri$ution tat te discipline can mae toreducin& 7aste, car$on emissions and so "ort*


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Monta/e o ensam$la/eC

Documents

01. Paper - More Than Materials (English)