Upload
ayariseifallah
View
228
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
1/51
MSc Maintenance Management
MMH131155
Reliability and Availability Assessment
Senior Lecturer: Dr Babakalli Alkali
2014
1
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
2/51
Module Leadrer
2
TITL
E
NAME
Dr Babakalli AlkaliRoom: C013Phone: 0141 331 357!mail: babakalli"alkali#$cal"ac"uk
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
3/51
33
!M Al"ali
#Sc$ MSc$ %&'$ M(RS$ MIMA$ )HEA*Senior Lecturer in t&e 'e+artment Engineering
Sc&ool o, Engineering and uilt Environment$ -lasgo. /aledonian 0niversity$/o.caddens Road$ -lasgo. - 2A
%&one 411 331 3567$ )a8 411 331 3792
Emailbaba"alli!al"ali:gcu!ac!u"
'r aba"alli is t&e AHo' o, 'e+artment o, Mec&anical Engineering$ and t&e module leader ,or maintenancemanagement$ reliability and availability and T(-I module at -lasgo. /aledonian 0niversity! Tutor ,or t&e EnergyAudit and Energy Asset Management module!
'r aba"alli .as a Researc& )ello. at Strat&clyde 0niversity$ 'e+artment o, management science$ Strat&clydeusiness Sc&ool$ -lasgo. #;225 ;22
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
4/51
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
5/51
Module SummaryThis module aims to provide an understanding of the
fundamentals of reliability and decision theory. It will
examine these techniques as applied to risk, reliability,
availability and maintenance management. It will also
bridge the gap between theoretical subject of "Reliability
Engineering" RE! and daytoday equipment maintenance
practice. In addition# techniques will be treated to analyse
field data to report on business targets. $part from thesequantitative approaches# attention will be paid to a variety
of formal# qualitative ris% identification and maintenance
optimisationmethods used in industry.
5
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
6/51
(n com+letion o, t&is module$ you
s&ould be able to
%&e the conce't& o( 'robabilit) an* &tocha&tic *eci&ion& theor) to
+uantitati,el) anal)&e a -'ro*uction. &)&tem /"r"t" the ri&k& o( not meetin$
&a(et) an*or en,ironmental tar$et&"
uantitati,e a&&e&&ment o( 'ro*uction ca'acit) -'robabilit) reliabilit) an*maintenance characteri&tic&"
%&in$ thi& theoretical in&i$ht an* en$ineerin$ ,ie/& em'lo) techni+ue& to
+uanti() the e((ect& o( ,ariou& maintenance an* in&'ection &trate$ie&
man'o/er an* acti,it) 'lannin$&che*ulin$ &trate$ie& (or &'are 'art& lo$i&tic&"
%&e (iel* *ata to anal)&e the im'act o( im'lemente* maintenance &trate$ie& onthe com'an) bu&ine&& 'lan"
%n*er&tan* the &tren$th an* limitation& o( +uantitati,e RA techni+ue& an*
com'are the&e /ith +ualitati,enormati,e metho*& u&e* in in*u&tr)"
6
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
7/51
Teac&ing Mode
Lecture&
utorial&
Ca&e Stu*ie&
7
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
8/51
Assessment rie,s
8
STARTCEED
EN'CEED
T%E 'ES/RI%TI(N H(0RS CEI-HIN-
4 7 /ourse.or" Reliability Analysis /C1 #;5F*$
Ris" Analysis /C; #;5F*
17 52F
14 15 E8ams Ans.er Any 3 out o, 7 Guestions ; &ours 52F
Please note the following statement on plagiarism:- 'The deliberate andsubstantial unacknowledged incorporation in your submission of material
derived from work (published or unpublished of another is prohibited. !n
such cases the work submitted is classified as illegal and will result in
further action being taken by the "niversity which may include recording a
failure.'
A&&e&&ment etho*
Cour&e/ork 50
!6am& 50
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
9/51
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
10/51
G0ESTI(NS
10
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
11/51
ac"groundhe reco$nition o( reliability and maintainability a&
,ital (actor& in the *e,elo'ment 'ro*uction an*
maintenance o( to*a)>& com+le8 systems ha& 'lace*$reater em'ha&i& on the a''lication o( *e&i$n e,aluation
techni+ue& to lo$i&tic mana$ement" Reliability an*
maintainabilitycan i*enti() critical ,ailure modes an*
cau&e& o( (ailure an* 'ro,i*e an e((ecti,e tool (or're*ictin$ e+ui'ment beha,iour an* &electin$
a++ro+riate mea&ure& to en&ure satis,actory
+er,ormance
11
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
12/51
IntroductionReliabilit) ha& al/a)& been an im'ortant a&'ect in the
a&&e&&ment o( in*u&trial 'ro*uct& an*or e+ui'ment&"
?oo* 'ro*uct *e&i$n i& o( cour&e e&&ential (or 'ro*uct& /ith
hi$h reliabilit)"
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
13/51
Reliability Engineering he &tu*) o( reliability engineering i& ba&e*
on the im'ro,ement anal)&i& a&&e&&ment
an* 're*iction o( 'er(ormance o( e+ui'ment
an* &)&tem&
an) reliabilit) anal)&i& re+uire the u&e o(
&tati&tical techni+ue& to ai* in the anal)&i&
an* 're*iction o( 'er(ormance o( &)&tem&13
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
14/51
History o, Reliability he notion o( +uantitati,e anal)&i& o( reliabilit) i&
*ate* back to the 1@40>&
he nee* (or mo*ern technolo$) in the &'ace 'ro$ram
le* to +uantitati,e a''roach ba&e* on mathematical
mo*ellin$ an* anal)&i&
hi& $a,e im'etu& to the ra'i* *e,elo'ment o(
reliabilit) theor) an* metho*olo$ie& in the 1@50>&
14
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
15/51
Reliability History A more +uantitati,e a''roach to reliabilit) $re/ in *eman* an*
'articularl) out o( the e6'erience& in the 9orl* 9ar /ith com'le6
&)&tem& Barlo/ an* Pro&chan -1@5."
Barlo/ -1@4. 'ro,i*e a hi&torical 'er&'ecti,e o( mathematical
reliabilit) en$ineerin$ in electronic e+ui'ment in &'ace reliabilit)
technolo$)
he 50thAnni,er&ar) S'ecial Publication o( the !!! ran&action on
Reliabilit) -Eol 47 =o 3FSP Se't" 1@@. contain& &e,eral hi&torical
'a'er& *ealin$ /ith ,ariou& a&'ect& o( reliabilit) a''lication&
15
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
16/51
/urrent Reliability %rediction Reliabilit) 're*iction& i& 'er(orme* in the earl) &ta$e
o( a *e,elo'ment 'ro$ramme -*e&i$n &ta$e.
he a/arene&& o( 'otential *e$ra*ation o( e+ui'ment
*urin$ li(e c)cle
he 'er(ormance o( reliabilit) 're*iction (or electronic
&)&tem& i& /ell e&tabli&he* b) RGD (or e6am'le LF
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
17/51
Reliability %rediction Met&ods Reliabilit) 're*iction i& ba&e* on *atabank in(ormation an* a
/i*e *i&'er&ion o( (ailure rate& /hich occur (or &imilar
com'onent&
Stan*ar*i&ation an* the ma&& 'ro*uction o( electronic 'art&
ha& 'ermitte* the creation o( ,ali* (ailure rate& (or hi$h
'o'ulation electronic *e,ice&
ualit) in(ormation can be u&e* *irectl) to 're*ict o'erational
reliabilit) /hile *e&i$n i& &till on the *ra/in$ boar*
17
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
18/51
Inconsistencies in ,ailure rates
#mec&anical e=ui+ment* n*i,i*ual mechanical com'onent& &uch a& ,al,e& an* $earbo6
'er(orm more than one (unction an* (ailure *ata (or &'eci(ic
a''lication& o( non&tan*ar* com'onent are &el*om a,ailable
Hailure rate& o( mechanical com'onent are not *e&cribe* b)con&tant (ailure rate becau&e o( (ati$ue *e$ra*ation an* other
&tre&&Frelate* (ailure mechani&m
echanical e+ui'ment reliabilit) i& more &en&iti,e to loa*in$
o'eratin$ con*ition than electronic e+ui'ment he *e(inition o( (ailure o( mechanical e+ui'ment *e'en*&
u'on it& a''lication -e"$ e6ce&& noi&e or leaka$e.
18
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
19/51
C&y are de,inition im+ortantDe(inition& an* &tan*ar*& in reliabilit) en$ineerin$ are o( $reat &i$ni(icance *ue to
the (ollo/in$ rea&on&:
he) are /ritten b) authoritie& in the (iel*I 'ractitioner& an* aca*emic& /ho are$uru& in the (iel*"
he) are there(ore /ritten ,er) care(ull) &o that it i& *i((icult to &/a' an) /or* in
the *e(inition /ith an alternati,e one"
he) &tan* time" De(inition& la&t (or $eneration&"
he) in(luence culture&" Hor e6am'le (ailure in the 9e&t i& *e(ine* a& Jterminationo( (unctionK /herea& the ;a'ane&e treat it a& *eterioration o( (unctionK an* hence
the &i6 lo&&e&" hi& ha& in(luence* our *e&i$n o( CS in ca'turin$ (ailure"
he) hel' to &tan*ar*i&e the lan$ua$e -(or e6am'le (or contract& an* (or recor*in$
(ailure&."
19
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
20/51
C&at is Reliability
ne o( the +ualit) characteri&tic& that
con&umer& re+uire (rom the manu(acturer
o( 'ro*uct& i& reliabilit)" But /hat i& reliabilit)
M he abilit) (or an e+ui'ment to 'er(orm& it&
(unction /hen re+uire* -e"$ &tartin$ )our car." m'ortance o( reliabilit):
M !6am'le& o( (ailure an* &ucce&& ca&e&"
20
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
21/51
Reliability
he reliabilit) o( an item in u&e $enerall) *eteriorate /ith a$e"
hi& *eterioration coul* be a((ecte* b) &e,eral (actor&
inclu*in$ en,ironment o'eratin$ con*ition& an* maintenance
Deterioration can be &lo/e* b) increa&in$ maintenance but at
increa&in$ co&t&
=ote that the reliabilit) o( a 'ro*uct ,arie& o,er it li(ec)cle
an* a thorou$h reliabilit) anal)&i& ma) be nece&&ar) at man)
&ta$e&
21
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
22/51
'e,inition o, Reliability
JReliability is the probability that a product or service will
operate properly for a specified period of time design life!
under the design operating conditions such as temperatureor volt! without failure.& Elsayed# '(()!
n other /or*& reliabilit) ma) be *e(ine* a& a mea&ure o(
the &)&tem>& &ucce&& in 'ro,i*in$ it& (unction 'ro'erl)"
22
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
23/51
Selected 'e,inition
Reliabilit): NNNNNNNNNNN""
Re*un*anc): NNNNNNNNNNN"" Hailure: NNNNNNNNNNN""
aintainabilit):NNNNNNNNNNN
A,ailabilit):NNNNNNNNNNN""
23
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
24/51
Selected 'e,inition
Reliability he abilit) o( an item to 'er(orm a re+uire* (unction un*er &tate*
con*ition& (or a &tate* 'erio* o( time -BS 477."
Redundancyhe e6i&tence o( more than one mean& o( accom'li&hin$ a $i,en
(unction" !ach mean& o( accom'li&hin$ the (unction nee* not nece&&aril) be i*entical-LFSDF721B."
)ailurehe termination o( the abilit) o( an item to 'er(orm a re+uire* (unction -BS
477."
Maintainabilityhe abilit) o( an item un*er &tate* con*ition& o( u&e to be retaine*
in or re&tore* to a &tate in /hich it can 'er(orm it& re+uire* (unction& /hen
maintenance i& 'er(orme* un*er &tate* con*ition& an* u&in$ 're&cribe* 'roce*ure& an*
re&ource& -BS 477."
Availabilityhe abilit) o( an item -un*er combine* a&'ect& o( it& reliabilit)
maintainabilit) an* maintenance &u''ort. to 'er(orm it& re+uire* (unction at a &tate*
in&tant o( time or o,er a &tate* 'erio* o( time -BS 477."
24
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
25/51
Maintenance Terminology
tem relate* term&
Pro'ertie& o( item&
Hailure& an* e,ent&
Hault& an* &tate&
aintenance t)'e& an* &trate$ie&
aintenance acti,itie&
ime relate* term&
aintenance &u''ort an* tool& !conomical an* technical in*icator&
25
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
26/51
Maintenance Terminology
asic terms
aintenance
m'ro,ement
o*i(ication
Hailure
Hault
A,ailabilit)
Reliabilit)
aintainabilit)
Su''ortabilit)
Pre,enti,e aintenance
Correcti,e aintenance
Pre*etermine* aintenance
Con*ition Ba&e* aintenance
mme*iate Correcti,e aintenance
De(erre* Correcti,e aintenance
Co&t !((icienc)
Pro*ucti,it)
A&&et ana$ement
26
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
27/51
Maintenance Terminology
aintenance Combination o( all technical a*mini&trati,e an* mana$erial
action& *urin$ the li(ec)cle o( an item inten*e* to retain in itor re&tore it to a &tate it can 'er(orm the re+uire* (unction
m'ro,ement
Combination o( all technical a*mini&trati,e an* mana$erialaction& inten*e* to ameliorate the *e'en*enc) o( an item
/ithout chan$in$ it& re+uire* (unction
27
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
28/51
Maintenance Terminology
o*i(ication Combination o( all technical a*mini&trati,e an* mana$erial
action& inten*e* to chan$e the (unction o( an item
=ote: mo*i(ication *oe& not mean re'lacement b) an e+ui,alent
item
=ote: o*i(ication& i& not a maintenance action but ha& to *o /ith
chan$in$ the re+uire* (unction o( an item to a ne/ (unction" he
chan$e& ma) ha,e an in(luence on the *e'en*abilit) or the'er(ormance o( item or both
=ote: o*i(ication ma) be allocate* to the maintenance
or$ani&ation
28
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
29/51
Maintenance Terminology
Hailure ermination o( the abilit) o( an item to 'er(orm a re+uire* (unction
=ote 1: A(ter a (ailure the item ha& a (ault /hich ma) be com'lete or
'artial"
=ote 2: JHailureK i& an e,ent a& *i&tin$ui&he* (rom J(ault&K /hich i&
a &tate"
Hault State o( an item characteri&e* b) inabilit) to 'er(orm a re+uire*
(unction e6ten*in$ the inabilit) *urin$ 're,enti,e maintenance or
other 'lanne* action& or *ue to lack o( e6ternal re&ource&
29
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
30/51
Summary T&e 'e,inition o,
Reliability
Reliabilit) *etermine& to /hat *e$ree a &)&tem&)&tem&
are able to achie,e the inten*e* (unction'er(ormance
in &'ite o( error& *i&turbance& an* limite* maintenance
re&ource&
30
A122F
T&e variable used
,or measuring
reliability is
availability
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
31/51
Availability
Availability *e'en*& on reliability and maintainability
o 're*ict &)&tem& a,ailabilit) both (ailure an* re'air'robabilit) *i&tribution mu&t be con&i*ere*" 9e /ith the
$eneral ob&er,ation the
otal u'time an* *o/ntime /ill 'ro,i*e the 'ercenta$e
time the &)&tem i& a,ailable" he main intere&t i& to 're*ict
the a,ailabilit)
31
Do/ntime%'time
%'timet)A,ailabili
+
=
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
32/51
Relations&i+ bet.een t&e /(N/E%TS
o, RELIAILIT
32
In,luence t&e tec&nical
system t&e mac&ine or
+lant
In,luence t&e maintenance
system
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
33/51
Maintenance Terminology
33
Availability
%er,ormance
Reliability Maintainability
T&e tec&nical system
Maintenance
Su++ortability
T&e maintenance system
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
34/51
Relations&i+ bet.een t&e /(N/E%TS
o, RELIAILIT
34
Availability time ,or +roduction
Mean
'o.ntime
MT) MCT MTTR
Mean time bt! ,ailure
Mean
Caiting
Time
Mean
Time To
Re+air
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
35/51
Relations&i+ bet.een t&e /(N/E%TS
o, RELIAILIT
35
Sel*om
a *o/n &tate
o( the item
Sim'le an* (a&t
aintenance
acti,it)
he item i&a,ailable (or u&e
he ri$ht re&ource&
at the ri$ht 'lace
at the ri$ht time
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
36/51
36
70
20
10
70
10
20
10
20
70
'esign
Pro*uction
Maintenance
MaJor
Moderate
Minor
C&at &as t&e biggest
in,luence u+on t&e result
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
37/51
Relations&i+ bet.een t&e /(N/E%TS
o, RELIAILIT
O MT)
Earie& *ue to:
Con*ition
monitorin$"
he *e&i$n"
Re*un*anc)" Choice o(
e+ui'ment or
com'onent&"
O MCT
Earie& *ue to:
r$ani&ation"
he in(ormation
&)&tem&"
Routine&" !*ucation"
rainin$"
37
MTTR
Earie& *ue to:
Acce&&ibilit)" Built in te&t"
Hault in*ication"
Sta((>&
kno/le*$e" Sta((>&
moti,ation
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
38/51
Maintenance Terminology
Availability +er,ormance he abilit) o( an item to be in a &tate to 'er(orm a re+uire* (unction un*er $i,en
con*ition& at a $i,en in&tant o( time or *urin$ a $i,en time inter,al a&&umin$ that
the re+uire* e6ternal re&ource& are 'ro,i*e*
=ote 1: hi& abilit) *e'en*& on the combine* a&'ect& o( the reliabilit) the
maintainabilit) an* the maintenance &u''ortabilit)
=ote 2: Re+uire* e6ternal re&ource& other than maintenance re&ource& *o not
a((ect the a,ailabilit) o( item
Reliability he abilit) o( an item to 'er(orm it& re+uire* (unction un*er a $i,en con*ition (or a
$i,en 'erio* o( time
=ote: he term reliabilit) i& al&o u&e* a& a mea&ure o( reliabilit) 'er(ormance an*
ma) al&o be *e(ine* a& 'robabilit)
38
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
39/51
Maintenance Terminology
Maintainability Abilit) o( an item un*er a $i,en con*ition o( u&e to be re&tore* to a &tate in /hich
it can 'er(orm a re+uire* (unction /hen maintenance i& 'er(orme* un*er $i,en
con*ition& an* u&in$ &tate* 'roce*ure& an* re&ource&
=ote: the term Jmaintainabilit)K i& al&o u&e* a& a mea&ure o( maintainabilit)
'er(ormance
Maintenance Su++ortability
Abilit) o( a maintenance or$ani&ation o( ha,in$ the ri$ht maintenance &u''ort atthe nece&&ar) 'lace to 'er(orm the re+uire* maintenance acti,it) at a $i,en in&tant
o( time or *urin$ a $i,en inter,al
39
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
40/51
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
41/51
Maintenance Terminology
41
MTTM
0+ state
'o.n state
MTC M
Total time interval
AoMTTM?#MTTM4MTC4M*
Ao (+erational availability MTCMean Time Caiting
MTTM Mean Time to Maintenance Time #+reventive and corrective*
MMean Maintenance Time #Time to +reventive and corrective maintenance*
Note In t&is calculation o, Ao$ only maintenance actions .&ic& cause sto++age
Time ,or t&e o+erational use o, t&e tec&nical system .ill be considered
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
42/51
Maintenance Terminology
4242
Maintenance
%reventive Maintenance /orrective Maintenance
/ondition based
maintenance
%redetermined
maintenance
'e,erred ImmediateSc&eduledSc&eduled$
continuous or on
re=uest
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
43/51
Maintenance Terminology
%reventive Maintenance #%M*
#aintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and
intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item.
O /ondition ased Maintenance #/M*
Preventive maintenance based upon performance and$or
parameter monitoring and the subse%uent actions.
&T: Performance and parameter monitoring may be scheduled, on re%uest or continuous.
O %redetermined Maintenance #%'M*
Preventive maintenance carried out in accordance with
established intervals of time or number of units of use but without previous condition
investigation.
43
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
44/51
Maintenance Terminology
/orrective Maintenance #/M*
#aintenance carried out after fault recognition and intended to put an item into a state
in which it can perform a re%uired
function.
O 'e,erred Maintenance #'M*
)orrective maintenance which is not immediately carried out
after a fault detection but is delayed in accordance with given
maintenance rules.
O Immediate Maintenance #IM*
#aintenance which is carried out without delay after a fault has been detected to avoid
unacceptable conse%uences.
44
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
45/51
Maintenance Terminology
45
Activities%reventive Maint
/orrective Maint
Reinvestment
/ost 'irect cost
Indirect cost
E8ternal cost
Results )e. ,unctional dist
)e. ,ailure
T&e state o, t&e
assets
/ost e,,iciency
RES0LTS?/(STS
E,,ect AAILAILIT
MIN 'IST0RAN/ES
G0ALIT
Resources 'irect &ours
Indirect &ours
0se o, tec&nical
resources
%roductivity
RES0LTS?0SE'
RES(0R/ES
Maintenance
'ecision /ost
E,,ective Strategy
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
46/51
Maintenance Terminology
4
Rig&t
/a+acity
Rig&t
%roduction
Rig&t
Maintenance
Rig&t
Logistics
Logistics management
/om+any management designers
%roJect managers
%roduction
Management
Maintenance
Management
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
47/51
Maintenance Terminology
Hor (urther in(ormation about aintenance
terminolo$)
See the !uro'ean Stan*ar*
C!= != 1330 aintenance erminolo$)
47
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
48/51
Actions to im+rove reliability ,rom
design state
O )actors o, sa,ety!
M Lea*& to the com'oun*in$ o( man) *i((erent &a(et) (actor&"
M Com'en&ate (or uncertaint)"
M Lea* to o,er *e&i$n-increa&e* /ei$ht an* co&t."
O Redundancy!
M Com'en&ate (or uncertaint)"
M Lea* to o,er *e&i$n-increa&e* /ei$ht an* co&t."
O E8tensive testing!
M Si$ni(icant increa&e in e6'en*iture"
M Can lea* to 'ro*uct launch *ela)&"
M e&t en,ironment ma) be an ina*e+uate &imulation o( the o'eratin$
en,ironment"
48
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
49/51
/onventional reliability +rediction
re=uires dataKbut
O A &ub&tantial number o( (ailure& nee* to ha,e alrea*)
occurre* (or the &)&tem to be a&&e&&e*"
O here i& a nee* (or reliabilit) *ata at 'art& le,el o( /hich
there a''ear& too little"
O !6i&tin$ *ata &ource& are o(ten not rele,ant to ne/
'ro*uct *e&i$n& becau&e o( the e,olution in material& an*
manu(acturin$ technolo$)"
49
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
50/51
To co+e .it& suc& di,,iculties t&ere
is need to rely on
O Probabilit) theor) &o that one can mo*el
an* 're*ict (ailure or o'timal time to carr)
out P action&
O Per(orm relati,e com'ari&on in term& o(
'er(ormance &o that one nee* not rel) on theavailabilityo( lar$e number o( ,ailure data!
50
8/10/2019 01 Reliability and Availability Intro
51/51
T&an" youK any =uestions