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!

APPENDIX I – SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF WATER SAVING PRODUCTS WHERE

WATER IS HEATED VIA THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

1. Project Boundary

The spatial extent of the overall program boundary encompasses the physical, geographical location

of each Project area i. The project boundary includes Water Fixtures together with their associated

equipment replaced or retrofitted under the project activity and the fossil fuel-fired water heaters

connected to these Water Fixtures. The distinct geographical boundary of each project area i should

be clearly documented by the Project coordinator in the project specific VER-PDD using maps.

For estimating emissions from fossil fuel combustion in water heaters, an emission factor obtained by

direct measurement of exhaust gases from water heaters should be used, taking into account

procedures described in Methodology Section IV: Annexure – Clause 25: Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters.

Due to geographical conditions, technology availability and cost-effectiveness, project proponents

may use of the thermal efficiency as per host country ratings for new water heaters instead of direct

CO2 measurements for estimating baseline CO2 emissions from hot water usage. In order to more

accurately reflect the baseline conditions, the project proponent may adjust this thermal efficiency to

account for the following:

! Net calorific value of fossil fuel available in project area

! Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature in project area

! Efficiency losses due to age, lack of maintenance, corrosion and other factors.

Project proponents that plan to use this thermal efficiency approach should submit project specific

calculation procedures and sample data independently to the Gold Standard for assessment. Emission

calculation procedures must be demonstrably conservative and national values must be reliably

obtained from proposed sampling methods or official sources.

Table 1 below illustrates which emission sources are included in the project boundary.

Table 1: Summary of gases and sources included in the project boundary and

justification/explanation where gases and sources are not included

Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation

Baseline CO2 emissions

from baseline

CO2 Yes Main emission source

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CH4 No Excluded for simplification. This is

conservative

hot water flow

obtained

through fossil

fuel fired water

heaters

N2O No Excluded for simplification. This is

conservative

CO2 Yes Main emission source

CH4 No Excluded for simplification. This is

conservative Project Activity

CO2 emissions

from hot water

flow in the

project activity

obtained

through fossil

fuel fired water

heaters

N2O No Excluded for simplification. This is

conservative

2. Procedure for the selection of the most plausible baseline scenario

The baseline scenario for water utilization in households in the total project area comprises:

(a) currently used Water Fixtures; and

(b) Water Fixtures partially of the same efficiency as those currently existing (autonomous

replacement) and partially of an improved efficiency (autonomous improvement).

The Project coordinator is to recognise that there may be an underlying trend within their proposed

project geographical location towards greater use of efficient Water Saving Products. The baseline

scenario is to therefore include for the autonomous penetration of such efficient products during the

defined crediting period based on averaged historical penetration rates which are to be obtained from

credible, published historical data or a survey at the time of installation and assuming no advanced

products five years before.

3. Additionality

Demonstration: Additionality shall be demonstrated using the latest version of an approved,

applicable tool (see Gold Standard Toolkit for details).

Double Counting: The Project coordinator is to demonstrate how possible double counting with

other similar demand-side energy reduction domestic programs that may be operating within the same

geographical region as their proposed program is to be prevented.

For further guidance, please refer to section II Baseline Methodology, subsection 3.

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4. Emission Reductions

The baseline emissions involve the emissions resulting from the direct use of fossil fuels for heating

of water in residential facilities. The project activity improves the utilization efficiency of hot water

in households and thereby reduces fossil fuel consumption of the participating households.

Emission reductions are calculated based on the applicable emission rate from direct measurements of

exhaust gases from fossil fuel-fired water heaters and the quantity of hot water saved by the

households as a result of the project activity.

The fossil fuel savings by the households for the WSP distribution projects are calculated based on the

number of persons per household9 and thus the number of uses per fixture per household per year, the

flow-rating of the existing WSPs and with the utilisation time supported by either monitoring of the

utilisation hours of each fixture in a statistically representative sample of households over a

predetermined period of time or the use of a conservative assumption supported by several available

and convincing references, such as national water agencies or statistical government agencies. The

utilisation time assumption is to be defined and justified by the Project coordinator in the project

specific GS-VER PDD.

This methodology conservatively assumes that the operating time of fossil fuel-fired water heaters is

equal to the water fixture utilization time. This is applicable to both tank-type and flowthrough water

heaters. In the case of tank-type water heaters, typical utilization pattern will ensure that water is kept

continuously hot and ready for use, so that each household will have access to hot water at any given

time. As a result, the added time period in which the burners operate intermittently to recover the lost

water temperature will exceed the water fixture utilization time. Emission reductions estimated by this

methodology remain conservative in scenarios where the utilization pattern consists of turning off the

water heater after each use. Under this scenario, it can be realistically expected that a tank-type water

heater will still have short recovery times after each use, which will extend its operating time beyond

water fixture utilization time.

The total hot water consumption is also adjusted using a calculated Installation Discount Factor (IDF)

based on a random product installation field audit program, a random telephone sampling program

with both supported by random external, independent sampling, the size of the samples being selected

in a statistically representative manner and defined to provide a 95% confidence level. These,

together, are used to calculate the overall emission reductions.

The project implementation and determination of emission reductions involves the following steps:

Step 1: Determination of the project and sub-project boundary(s) i

The total program should be divided into a number of single Project areas (i). Each Project area

9 Based on statistical data obtained from sampling or from relevant government agency in the host country

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should be a geographical region / state with the boundaries defined by the relevant water distribution

system. Projects can be divided into a number of individual sub-projects based upon the product type

and/or its delivery method. Sub-project areas should, where possible, be the same as the project areas.

The distinct geographical boundary of each Project area (i) should be clearly documented in the

project specific VER-PDD using maps.

Step 2: Define the sub-projects and their individual boundaries – is

Projects can be divided into a number of individual sub-projects based upon the product type and/or

its delivery method. Sub-project areas are to be defined should they not be the same as the project

areas.

The distinct geographical boundary of each sub-project area (is) should be clearly documented in the

project specific VER-PDD using maps.

Step 3: Description of the proposed project activities

The provision of a full description of the activities that will be undertaken during the project is to be

developed, specifying how the project will be implemented. This should be established and

documented in the project specific VER-PDD , including, inter alia, information on:

o The number and type of project activity WSPs that are planned to be distributed by the project activities in each Project area i over the duration of the crediting period;

o The total number and types of project activity WSPs that are planned to be distributed by the project activity over the duration of the crediting period;

o The numbers of households that will invited to participate in the proposed program in each project area and how the household numbers are calculated;

o Which households are eligible to participate in the project activity (e.g. households with a fossil fuel-fired water heater, households that were constructed prior to a certain date, etc);

o How the WSPs will be distributed to household consumers, including a description of all measures employed under the project and a description how final consumers are motivated to participate in the project;

o The applicable data that will be recorded to provide evidence that the products have been supplied and installed, including methods of recording all such data;

o The process flow charts for the proposed project(s); o An organisational structure for the proposed program including a listing of management

authorities and responsibilities; o The monitoring processes for the overall project including parameters, operations and activities

that need to be monitored together with the assigned responsibilities and authorities for such monitoring;

o The operational control of the overall project including operations/activities that are to be controlled, the definition of the controlling mechanisms to be used, the documentation of the relevant operational criteria and measures to control the identified risks;

o The training and competence requirements for the various identified positions, including associated training regimes, the required training material and the training schedules;

o The Corrective and Preventive Actions; o The monitoring equipment necessary for each project type;

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o The collection and control of the necessary data during the project including that used to support the calculated achieved abatement;

o The control of all relevant data and records including defining the records that need to be kept, the necessary audit trails, the maintenance of the records, storage, retention of the records and making the records available as and when required.

Step 4: Identification of the relevant emission sources

Refer to Table 1 above.

Step 5: Proposed products included in the program

Identification of each proposed product to be provided under the program including, inter alia,

information on:

• The type of WSPs that are to be distributed and installed by the Project coordinator,

including information on the manufacturer, any label, the product number, water

consumption in Litres/minute, any applicable efficiency rating scheme10, the associated

testing certificates, etc;

Step 6: Identification of activity levels, emission and other factors

Identify the various activity levels and their associated emission factors for the various identified

activities and provide an assessment of the relevance and/or impact of each of those activities on the

emission savings of the overall program, including:

Baseline Activity Emissions: including

• Total Hot Water expended through the operation of the existing Water Fixtures based on temperature of the hot water, temperature of the cold water (taking into account the variations associated with seasonal ground temperatures by location of the household due to the incoming cold water flowing in buried pipes), the average utilization time of the Water Fixture, the flow rate of the existing Water Fixtures, type of water heater, type of fossil fuel and the number of persons per household. An emission factor is obtained from the baseline hot water flow and the CO2 emission rate from the fossil fuel-fired water heaters obtained by direct measurement of exhaust gases. Determination of water flow rate at existing Water Fixtures and CO2 emission rate from fossil fuel fired water heaters is to be carried out simultaneously to ensure that these measurements are correlated.

10 Applicable country rating system or certification. For example:

http://search.waterrating.com.au/showers_srch.asp,

http://www.cna.gob.mx/Espaniol/TmpContenido.aspx?id=e16b254f-29b7-4092-903d-

57a29653454b|%20%20%20%20Certificaci%C3%B3n|0|0|139|0|0

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Project Activity Emissions: including

• Total Hot Water expended through the operation of the replacement Water Saving Product based on temperature of the hot water, temperature of the cold water (taking into account the variations associated with seasonal ground temperatures by location of the household due to the incoming cold water flowing in buried pipes), the average time period of water fixture utilization, the flow rate of the replacement Water Saving Product, type of water heater, type of fossil fuel and the number of persons per household. The baseline CO2 emission factor for hot water flow is utilized for calculating project emissions.

Emission Factors: including

Emission factor for hot water based on direct measurement of the exhaust gases from fossil

fuel-fired water heaters divided by baseline hot water consumption in households. See Table

1.

Installation Discount Factors:

Each project / sub-project is to have an Installation Discount Factor (IDF) applied to the abatement.

The IDF is to take into account the difference between the number of products installed and recorded

by the assigned Installer at the household as installed compared with the number of products that

remain installed and operating.

The calculation of the IDF for each sub-project is to be based on data that has been obtained by the

Project coordinator undertaking random field audits of the households that have been either supplied

with product for them to install or have had product supplied and installed by the Project

coordinator’s assigned installers. Such data is also to be supported by that independently obtained by

an external, suitably qualified, telephone sampling organisation using a statistically calculated sample

quantity such that the results achieve a 95% confidence interval/level for a targeted geographical

population. The IDF’s are to be further adjusted based on their application in either “baseline” or

“project” emission calculations. Refer to Notes to calculations (9) and (10).

Other Project Factors: including

• Project period: being the period during which the project is able to be implemented based on local and/or regulatory requirements;

• Uncertainty: There will be a level of uncertainty that will be applicable for baseline and proposed project parameters used in the overall calculations for the project abatement where the value of an individual parameter is confirmed via statistical sampling to achieve a 95% level of certainty in the result. These are to be listed by the Project coordinator per project parameter with the relevant explanation outlining the basis of the parameter calculation. The lower or upper bound of the

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confidence interval must be selected for the considered parameter in such a way that calculations are conservative. If the parameter is used in an equation for the calculation of baseline emissions, the bound that leads to lower baseline emissions must be selected. If the parameter is used in an equation for the calculation of project emissions, the bound that leads to greater project emissions must be selected.

• Product Penetration: A number of countries where this methodology may be used may already have energy efficient products available in their marketplace that are similar to those proposed for installation. This methodology accepts that energy efficient products may already be available within the marketplace located within the proposed project areas and that these products are increasing their market share of product sales.

The Project coordinator is to research the penetration of energy

efficient products based on 5 years of historical data, where such data

is available, and, based on this data, generate a graph that accurately

shows the reduction of the existing products over time, with a

minimum decline in market share of the existing inefficient products

being 1% per year. The graph must also take into account any

proposed future bans on the importation of energy inefficient products

into the marketplace. The Project coordinator is to outline in the

project specific VER-PDD the data available, the analysis of such

data and the resultant decline graph based on all such data. The graph

is to be used by the Project coordinator to calculate the Penetration

Factor PFi. Refer to Section IV: - Annexures, Clause 19: - Market

Penetration of Inefficient Products.

Step 7: Establishment of a proect database

Prior to the commencement of the distribution and installation of Water Saving Products, the Project

coordinator should establish a database containing all relevant information necessary for recording

households, including, inter alia:

o A list of all Project areas i, including the name or number of the project area and an outline map or appropriate description to delineate the area;

o A list of the households that participate in the program, including information to identify the household (First name, last name, address, contact telephone number, fax number, email, property type, applicable Project area i)11;

11 The Project coordinator is to define the level of privacy/confidentiality that is to be applied to such collected

information and the period that it will be retained by the Project coordinator.

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• Name and ID number of the Project coordinator’s representative who supplied and/or installed the provided products;

• ID number for each property address that participates in the program. This may be a unique identifier on the signed property form;

• For each household that participates in the program information that defines:

o The type of hot water heating system at the house; o The year the house was constructed/received its last major upgrade. o Inventory of existing hot water dispensing Water Fixtures in the house and whether they

are already energy efficient; o Inventory of WSPs supplied and installed; o Date product supplied and/or installed; o Signature of product distributor/installer that:

! product has been supplied and installed; ! that resident’s ID (drivers licence, electricity bill or relevant social security

card) has been sighted and is acceptable; and ! the resident is at or exceeds the minimum legal age for signing such

documentation; o Signature of resident accepting that:

! Product has been supplied and installed; ! Product operating satisfactorily (product installation program only); ! Acceptance that the generated credits are transferable to the Project coordinator

o Any other relevant information that may be applicable to the project location;

• For each installation/audit interval/monitoring period x (as applicable), a list of households in

Project area i included in the audit (name, address, applicable Project area i).

An outline of the database is to be attached to the project specific VER-PDD and an applicable extract

for the monitoring or abatement period (as applicable) is to be attached to each audit report.

Step 8: Random Sampling of installations

In this methodology, a key prerequisite for achieving statistically representative results and the

calculation/confirmation of the Installation Discount Factor (IDF) for Supply and Installation of

Water Saving Products is that the participating households in each Project area i are sampled.

Sampling is carried out by the Project coordinator and results are confirmed using an external,

suitably qualified sampling organisation.

Methodology

The Project coordinator’s proposed sampling process is to include in the sampling frame all

households where installations have been undertaken within Project Area i, and to select at random

the participating households in the proposed sample that are to be contacted. More households are to

be selected than required, to allow for those that are unable to be contactable, and those that decline to

complete an interview. (Refer to “Sampling Process” below for the random sampling process used

for selection of households to be contacted).

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The interview with the participating households is to cover the following points:

• Asking to speak to the designated contact person; • Arrange an alternative call back time if the designated contact person is not immediately

available; • Accept another informant at the household if they are aware of the household installing the

devices and know what has been done since installation

When speaking to the contact person/alternative informant:

• Ask if they recall having the products installed (if not thank and terminate); do not count – select an alternative household from the random sample;

• Ask what has been installed (number of Water Saving Products); • Ask if any of the efficient installed products have been removed from use (number of Water

Saving Products); • If some Water Saving Products are not still in use;

o (optional) why not – answers to this question may be used in future to segment households;

• Obtain the relevant demographics (age group, gender, highest level of education, type of dwelling, whether own or rent).

The Project coordinator is to establish an estimation procedure that would allow a report to be

provided that would:

• Certify an estimated rate of discontinued use of the installed product that can be used as the basis for the discount factor;

• Provide a 95% confidence level for the estimate for each proposed Project Area; • Provide a 5% confidence interval for the estimate for each proposed Project Area; • Define whether, within the limits of the statistical power provided by the sample, different

proposed Project Areas within the same overall proposed program can be treated as having the same installation rate, or show whether they show statistically significant differences;

• Show whether there are distinct segments; e.g., o Those that may have removed some or all of the energy efficient Water Saving

Products installed through the proposed program and replaced them with Water Fixtures that allow higher water volumes to be emitted;

• Highlight any demographic differences in the continued use rate.

Sampling Process

The Project coordinator is to use sampling methods/procedures for the installation phase and

monitoring phase.

During the installation phase the Project coordinator is to:

• Continuously monitor the installation process through ongoing reviews of the data recorded at the installation sites;

• Undertake telephone calls or visits to households where product has been supplied and/or installed such that sufficient numbers of households are successfully contacted and the interview completed with meaningful data obtained for the purposes of later analysis to achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained.

• Additional households may be contacted by the Project coordinator to achieve a 5% contact level of all completed installations for the telephone audits;

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• The households contacted for the telephone audits or visits may not necessarily be randomly selected. They are to be selected based on the completed and signed off data received and adjusted regularly to ensure that: o Installations undertaken by each individually trained, inducted and appointed installer

are monitored to achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained; o Installations undertaken by each appointed installation organisation are monitored to

achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained; o The recorded data provided by the installer and or the installation organisation is

confirmed by the resident of the household when contacted; • Increase the number of contacted households for a defined installer/installation organisation

when the data obtained from the telephone contact is significantly different from that recorded by the appointed installer at the time of product installation;

• Increase the number of contacted households when complaints are received and/or data analysis shows that unacceptable data trends are developing.

• Undertake separate field audits of households where product has been supplied and/or installed such that sufficient of the households are successfully contacted, accessed and field audits completed with meaningful data obtained for the purposes of later analysis;

• The households to be field audited are to be randomly selected to achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained.

• Additional field audits may be required that are not necessarily randomly selected but are selected based on the completed and signed off data received and adjusted regularly to ensure that: o Installations undertaken by each individually trained, inducted and appointed installer

are monitored to achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained; o Installations undertaken by each appointed installation organisation are monitored to

achieve a confidence level of 95% in the results obtained; • The recorded data provided by the installer and or the installation organisation is confirmed

by the field auditor during the audit process.

During the Monitoring phase the Project coordinator is to:

Use the following procedure to undertake telephone and field sampling:

• A list of all households in a defined Project Area where an installation was carried out in a reporting period would be sourced by the Project coordinator

• A random sample of these households is selected by the Project coordinator for each defined Project Area large enough to allow for completing interviews with 60% of selected households in the sample;

• To select the required random sample for a Project Area i, the following steps are to be followed: o The total number of households within Project Area i are identified; o The Sample Number is calculated by:

! The total number of installations within Project Area i is identified (population); ! The target number of sample households is calculated using an appropriate

statistical tool12 and using input data for Confidence Level at 95% and Confidence Interval at ±5% (Refer to Section IV: Annexures, Clause 23: “Formula used by Sample Calculator”);

12 Such as the calculator available at http://www.surveysystem.com

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! The number of sample households nominated in the calculator is to then be increased by 60% to allow for those not able to be contacted or not willing to be surveyed;

o A list of ID numbers from 1 to “N” are generated where N = the number of households with a completed installation in the monitoring period and equal to the population number used in the calculator nominated above;

o This list must be randomised13 (Refer to Section IV: Annexures, Clause 22: “Randomisation of Selected Samples”);

o The total list for a Project Area is then sorted in the randomised order, with the target number of households to be called selected from those commencing at the top of the list;

• If additional households are required to complete the target number of interviews, additional households are to be drawn in order from those remaining in the sample list of un-contacted households.

"

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The Project coordinator is to minimise the sources of potential error that may occur during the

sampling process including errors due to “Loss of households”, “Bias” and “Sample Attrition”.

• Loss of Households

While the sample of households selected for interview will be a random sample, those

households for which interviews are completed will not. While households may have agreed

to be interviewed, and the level of completing interviews is anticipated to be very high, it will

not be possible to achieve contact and complete interviews with all randomly selected

households.

This will only introduce a source of bias if the retention rate for those households that do not

complete interviews differs systematically from those that do.

The loss of households from the initial randomly selected sample will be minimised by the

Project coordinator making multiple visits and/or calls to each household at different times on

different days over a period of at least two weeks before a selected sample household is

abandoned. Households where contact is made but where interviews are not able to be

completed immediately are to be called back, preferably at times that are agreed with the

household when the appropriate informant will be available. Up to six visits/calls are to be

made to establish contact, and up to six additional visits/calls are to be made to complete an

interview once initial contact has been made. Records are to be kept of all visits/calls made,

including unsuccessful visits/calls.

• Testing for Bias

To test for bias, the Project coordinator is to analyse the results obtained by the number of

13 For example by using the list randomiser procedure available at http://www.random.org, or by using a

random number generator from SQL database (Postgresql or similar)

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visits and/or calls required to achieve an interview. If the outcomes do not co-vary

significantly with the number of visits/calls, this suggests that those households that could not

be reached will not differ significantly from those that do.

The Project coordinator’s data on the household type and the product type(s) installed is to be

analysed for households that completed an interview, households that refused an interview,

and households that were not contactable or did not complete interviews within the field

period, to ascertain whether there is any evidence of bias in the households where interviews

were completed.

• Sample Attrition

To ensure that there is no loss of precision as the size of the sample reduces over time where

the Project coordinator elects to use the Extended Monitoring Procedure option, the Project

coordinator is to take fresh samples for each monitoring period. This will need to deal with

the following issues:

o There will be some reduction in response rate, as household members move on o Where the original residents of a sample household have moved since the product was

originally installed the Project coordinator is to remove that household from the sample as the new residents might not know what was replaced originally, and what may have been done since

o There may be issues with fading recall over time, especially about the number of items originally installed that are still in use

The Project coordinator is to document in the project specific VER-PDD the sampling processes to be

used for ensuring that any potential errors in the collected data are minimised.

Step 9: Calculation of the Baseline Emissions

The baseline emissions in Project area i associated with the existing Water Saving Products (tCO2-e)

during monitoring period x are calculated as follows:

BEf,i,x = !j,k,x (EHhw,i,j,k * TBHm,i,j,k,x * PFf,i,x)

(1)

Where:

BEf,i,x = Baseline emissions resulting from heating the water in fossil fuel-fired water

heaters for the target Water Fixtures replaced/retrofitted in Project area i

during monitoring period x (tCO2-e);

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EHhw,I,j,k = Emission factor for baseline hot water consumption obtained in a water heater

type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (kgCO2/liter).

TBHm,i,j,k,x = Baseline hot water flow rate for each target Water Fixture m in households in

Project Area i during monitoring period x (liters).

PFf,i,x = Penetration Factor being an accumulated percentage decline in the penetration

of in-efficient Water Fixtures in the marketplace within Project Area i during

monitoring period x. Refer to Methodology Section IV: Annexure, Clause 19:

Market Penetration. Refer to calculation (9)

The baseline hot water flow associated with the existing Water Fixtures is calculated as:

Whb,m,i,j,k = Wb,m,i,j,k * (Tf,m – Tcw,i) / (Thw,i,j,k – Tcw,i)

(2)

Where:

Whb,m,i,j,k = Baseline hot water flow rate for each target Water Fixture m in households with

water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (liters/minute).i.

Wb,m,i,j,k = Baseline water flow rate per target Water Fixture m in households with a water

heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (liters/min). Project

coordinator is to either monitor this as part of the fixture utilisation (Refer note

above) or calculate this based on data available from suitably supported,

available and convincing references. Where monitoring is proposed a defined

size sample batch is to be obtained at the commencement of the proposed

project and the resulting water flow rates averaged. The size of the sample

batch to be sufficient to achieve a 95% level of certainty in the results obtained.

The lower of the confidence interval must be selected for the Wb,m parameter to

ensure that the resultant calculations are conservative;

Tf,m = Average temperature of the water outlet in fixture m in °C. The average

temperature calculated is to be based on data obtained from available and

convincing references that are applicable to the project location. Refer also to

Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 10: Temperature of Fixture Outlet

Water;

Thw,i,j,k = Average temperature for hot water outlet at water heater type k using fossil fuel

type j in Project Area i.

Tcw,i = Average temperature of the incoming cold water to the target Water Fixture m

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in Project area i in °C. The temperature of the incoming cold water into the

fixture is impacted by the location of the household, the associated climatic

conditions and therefore varies dependent upon the time of the year. The

Project coordinator is to calculate and use the average temperature of the cold

water in the Project area, i, during the monitoring period x. The average

temperature calculated is to be based on data obtained from available and

convincing references that are applicable to the project location. Refer also to

Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 11: Temperature of Fixture

Incoming Cold Water;

The hot water consumption associated with the existing Water Fixtures replaced in households with

fossil fuel-fired water heaters of Project Area i and for the overall monitoring period x is calculated as:

TBHm,i,j,k,x = (!m,i Whb,m,i,j,k * Tm * Nm,i * Nd,m,i / 365) * THWf,i,j,k,x * TDf,i,x * IDFf,m,i,x

(3)

Where:

TBHm,i,j,k,x = Total baseline hot water consumption for all Water Fixtures m in households

with water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i during

monitoring period x (liters).

Whb,m,i,j,k = Baseline hot water flow rate for each target Water Fixture m in households with

water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (liters/minute)

Tm = Average utilization time of each target Water Fixture m in minutes. (Refer note

above). Refer also to Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 9:

Utilization Time of Each Water Fixture;

Nm,i = Number of uses for Water Fixture type m per household in project area i. The

utilisation period for the target fixture per day, days per year and time period

for each use is to be either monitored or defined by a conservative assumption

suitably supported by several available and convincing references. Refer to 4 –

Emission Reductions above. Refer also to Methodology Section IV:

Annexures, Clause 7: Number of Uses per Day per Household for details on

actions to be taken;

Nd,m,i = Number of utilization days for Water Fixture type m per year per household.

(Refer note immediately above). This factor will take into account the impact

of days when fixtures are not in use as residents are away for holidays. Refer

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to Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 8: Number of Utilization Days

per Household;

THWf,i,j,k,x = Number of households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j

located in Project area i during monitoring period x;

TDf,i,x = Number of days Water Saving Products are operating during the monitoring

period x in Project Area i (days).

IDFf,m,i,x = Installation Discount Factor of Water Saving Product m in households located

in Project area i during monitoring period x (Refer to Step 10 below for

calculation (10) of IDF);

The emission factor for hot water consumption associated with the existing Water Fixtures replaced in

households with fossil fuel-fired water heaters of Project Area i is:

EHhw,i,j,k = EFDM,i,j,k / maxm(Whb,m,i,j,k) (4)

Where:

EHhw,i,j,k = Emission factor for baseline hot water consumption obtained in a water heater

type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (kgCO2/liter).

EFDM,i,j,k = Emission factor from direct measurement of exhaust gases from fossil fuel type

j and water heater type k in Project Area i (kgCO2/min). This measurement

shall be conducted simultaneously with water flow measurements at targeted

Water Fixtures. Refer also to Methodology Section IV: Annexure – Clause 25:

Direct Measurement of Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters.

Whb,m,i,j,k = Baseline hot water flow rate for each target Water Fixture m obtained in a water

heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i. Refer to Step 9 for

calculation (2) of Whb,m,i,j,k.

Step 10: Calculation of the Project Emissions

In order to determine the total emissions following the project program, the project emissions per

replacement product types are calculated as:

PEf,i,x = !j,k,x (EHhw,i,j,k,x * TPHm,i,j,k,x) (5)

Where:

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PEf,i,x = Project emissions resulting from heating the water in fossil fuel-fired water

heaters for the replacement Water Saving Products replaced/retrofitted in

Project area i during monitoring period x (tCO2-e);

EHhw,I,j,k = Emission factor for baseline hot water consumption obtained in a water heater

type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (kgCO2/liter).

TPHm,i,j,k,x = Project hot water flow rate for each replacement Water Saving Product m in

households with water heater type k and fossil fuel type j in Project Area i

during monitoring period x (liters).

The project hot water flow associated with replacement Water Saving Products is calculated as:

Whp,m,i,j,k = Wp,m,i,j,k * (Tf,m – Tcw,i) / (Thw,i,j,k – Tcw,i)

(6)

Where:

Whp,m,i,j,k = Project hot water flow rate for each replacement Water Saving Product m in

households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i

(liters/min).

Wp,m,i,j,k = Project water flow rate per replacement Water Saving Product m in households

with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (liters/min).

Project coordinator is to either monitor this as part of the fixture utilisation

(Refer to note above) or calculate this based on data available from suitably

supported, available and convincing references. Where monitoring is proposed

a defined size sample batch is to be obtained at the commencement of the

proposed project and the resulting water flow rates averaged. The size of the

sample batch to be sufficient to achieve a 95% level of certainty in the results

obtained. The lower of the confidence interval must be selected for the

Wp,m,i,j,k parameter to ensure that the resultant calculations are conservative;

Tf,m = Average temperature of the water outlet in fixture m in °C. The average

temperature calculated is to be based on data obtained from available and

convincing references that are applicable to the project location. Refer also to

Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 10: Temperature of Fixture Outlet

Water;

Thw,i,j,k = Average temperature for hot water outlet at water heater type k using fossil fuel

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type j in Project Area i.

Tcw,i = Average temperature of the incoming cold water to the target Water Fixture m

in Project area i in °C. The temperature of the incoming cold water into the

fixture is impacted by the location of the household, the associated climatic

conditions and therefore varies dependent upon the time of the year. The

Project coordinator is to calculate and use the average temperature of the cold

water in the Project area, i, during the monitoring period x. The average

temperature calculated is to be based on data obtained from available and

convincing references that are applicable to the project location. Refer also to

Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 11: Temperature of Fixture

Incoming Cold Water;

The hot water consumption associated with the replacement Water Saving Products replaced in

households with fossil fuel-fired water heaters of Project Area i and for the overall monitoring period

x is calculated as:

TPHm,i,,j,k,x = (!m Whp,m,i,j,k * Tm * Nm,i * Nd,m,i / 365) * THWf,i,j,kx * TDf,i,x * IDFf,m,i,x

(7)

Where:

TBHp,i,j,k,x = Total project hot water consumption for replacement Water Saving Product m

in households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area

i during monitoring period x (liters);

Whp,m,i,j,k = Project hot water flow rate for each replacement Water Saving Product m in

households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i

(liters/min);

Tm = Average utilization time of each Water Fixture type m in minutes. (Refer note

above). Refer also to Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 9:

Utilization Time of Each Water Fixture;

Nm,i = Number of uses for Water Fixture type m per household in project area i. The

utilisation period for the target fixture per day, days per year and time period

for each use is to be either monitored or defined by a conservative assumption

suitably supported by several available and convincing references. Refer to 4 –

Emission Reductions above. Refer also to Methodology Section IV:

Annexures, Clause 7: Number of Uses per Day per Household for details on

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actions to be taken;

Nd,m,i = Number of utilization days for Water Fixture type m per year per household.

(Refer note immediately above). This factor will take into account the impact

of days when fixtures are not in use as residents are away for holidays. Refer

to Methodology Section IV: Annexures, Clause 8: Number of Utilization Days

per Household;

THWf,i,j,k,x = Number of households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j

located in Project area i during monitoring period x;

TDf,i,x = Number of days Water Saving Products are operating during the monitoring

period x in Project Area i (days).

IDFf,m,i,x = Installation Discount Factor of Water Saving Product m in households located

in Project area i during monitoring period x (Refer to Step 10 below for

calculation (10) of IDF);

The emission factor for hot water consumption associated with the replacement Water Saving

Products replaced in households with fossil fuel-fired water heaters of Project Area i is:

EHhw,i,j,k = EFDM,i,j,k / maxm(Whb,m,i,j,k) (8)

Where:

EHhw,i,j,k = Emission factor for baseline hot water consumption obtained in a water heater

type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i (kgCO2/liter).

EFDM,i,j,k = Emission factor from direct measurement of exhaust gases from fossil fuel type

j and water heater type k in Project Area i (kgCO2/min).

Whb,m,i,j,k = Baseline hot water flow rate for each target Water Fixture m obtained in a water

heater type k using fossil fuel type j in Project Area i. Refer to Step 9 for

calculation (2) of Whb,m,i,j,k.

Calculation of Penetration Factor (PF)

The Penetration Factor for each installed product type to be used within the calculations for the

Baseline Emissions is to be calculated by using:

PFf,i,x = PCf,i,x + PAGf,i,x * TDf,i,x / 2 (9)

Where:

PFf,i,x = Penetration Factor for Water Saving Products for monitoring period x within

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Project Area i (%);

PCf,i,x = Penetration of Water Saving Products within Project Area i as at monitoring

period x commencement;

PAGf,i,x = Annual Percentage decline of product in the market place within Project area i

(%) based on historical data (with a minimum decline of 1% per year);

TDf,i,x = Project monitoring period x in Project area i (days)

Calculation of Installation Discount Factor (IDF)

The IDF formula for installation of WSPs in Project Area i is calculated as:

IDFf,m,i,x = 1 – (nf,i,re,m / nf,i,m) (10)

Where:

IDFf,m,i,x = Installation Discount Factor (IDF) for Water Saving Product m in households

in Project Area i,

nf,i,re,m = Number of sampled households in Project Area i where WSPs have been

supplied and installed and where at least one (1) WSP has been removed,

nf,i,m = Total number of sampled households in Project Area i where WSPs have been

installed and where interviews were completed.

Step 11: Calculation of the emissions abatement

Emission reductions are based on the reduced hot water flow and associated fossil fuel consumption

achieved in all the project households, adjusted by the Installation Discount Factor (IDF) and further

adjusted to take into account the statistical margin of error to achieve a 95% confidence level.

The applicable calculations are as follows:

ERf,i,x = BEf,i,x – PEf,i,x (11)

Where:

ERf,i,x = Total Emission Reductions in Project area i during monitoring period x

(tCO2-e);

BEf,i,x = Total Baseline emissions in Project area i during monitoring period x (tCO2-

e); Refer to calculation (1);

PEf,i,x = Total Project emissions in Project area i during monitoring period x (tCO2-

e); Refer to calculation (5).

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5. Leakage

Three possible sources of potential leakage have been identified, these being:

b. Scrapping of inefficient Water Fixtures.

The Project coordinator is to implement a process to monitor of the scrapping of Water Fixtures

replaced at all households to ensure that they can no longer be reused thus removing any

potential for future emission leakage. The monitoring should include a check of the number of

project activity WSPs distributed by the project and the number of scrapped Water Fixtures to

ensure they correspond with each other. For this purpose scrapped Water Fixtures should be

inventoried before being sent for recycling.

b. Rebound

There is a possibility that the installation of energy efficient products may lead to an increased

usage of such products when the project beneficiaries realise that their outgoing energy usage

costs are decreasing as a result of the products installed under the proposed program..

The Project coordinator is to implement a simple spot check following the installation of the

energy efficient products to ascertain/monitor if there is a possible rebound effect resulting

from the installation. Such rebound could include the increased time utilisation of the installed

WSPs resulting from reduced consumption of fossil fuels. The spot check is to be carried out on

a representative sample of households in Project Area i, the households being randomly

selected to provide a 95% confidence level in the results obtained.

c. Product failure

There is a possibility that a small number of the installed energy efficient products may fail

during the period of their abatement as defined for the proposed project and be replaced by

products having less energy efficient characteristics. For conservativeness the Project

coordinator is to:

• Provide all project beneficiaries with the contact details of the Project coordinator; • Replace all product that individual project beneficiaries (households) advise during the

relevant product abatement period as having failed; • Ensure that sampled project beneficiaries are asked during the ongoing monitoring

programs whether the installed products are still operating and have not been removed.

The Project coordinator is to document in the project specific VER-PDD the proposed methodologies

for the monitoring of leakage.

6. Data and parameters not monitored:

The following data and/or parameters are not monitored as part of any proposed program developed to

use this methodology:

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Data / Parameter: TDf,i,x

Data unit: Days (or Years)

Description: The proposed monitoring period x of the replacement Water Saving

Products to be installed in Project Area i.

Source of Data: Defined by local regulatory requirements / agreement and/or the Gold

Standard. Where there are no regulatory requirements the crediting period

is to be suggested by the project proponent based on credible references and

approved by the Gold Standard.

Any comment: Refer also to Methodology Section IV: Annexures – Clause 6: “Abatement

Period for the Replacement Low-Flow Showerheads and Water Saving

Products”.

In addition refer to Methodology Section IV: Annexures - Clause 21:

Lifetime of Appliances.

Data / Parameter: PFf,i

Data unit: Percentage

Description: Penetration Factor being an accumulated percentage increase in the

penetration of Water Saving Products in the marketplace within Project

Area i

Source of Data: Project co-ordinator’s assessment of the market penetration based on 5 years

of historical locally obtained data.

Any comment: The Penetration Factor is to be based on the average annual historical

penetration rates over the previous 5 years prior to the commencement of

the proposed project with a minimum of 1% per year. Refer to

Methodology Section IV: Annexure, Clause 19: Market Penetration.

Data / Parameter: Nd,m,i

Data unit: Days

Description: Number of utilization days for Water Fixture type m per year per

household.

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Source of Data: Literature - data source, if available, from the host country in which the

program is located; for example data provided by the local census agency.

Any comment The number of utilization days for each Water Fixture per year is based on

one use per household resident per day for the number of days that they are

in the house. Allowance should be made for the family taking holidays –

say 10 days per year. Refer also to Methodology Section IV – Annexures

Clause 8 “Number of Utilization Days per Household”.

Data / Parameter: Tm

Data unit: minutes

Description: Average utilization time of each Water Fixture type m in minutes.

Source of Data: Literature - data source, if available, from the proposed country in which the

program is located; for example data provided by the local water agency.

Calculated – Based on the quantity of water usage reported by government

agencies and average flow in baseline.

Any comment: The utilization time for each fixture is dependent upon a number of factors

including the amount of water available, the socio-economic conditions in the

Project area etc. The Project co-ordinator must source independently

obtained data to support the proposed time to be used in the calculations,

preferably based on conditions within the relevant Project area / country.

Refer also to Methodology Section IV – Annexures Clause 9 “Utilization

Time of Each Water Fixture”.

Data /

Parameter:

Wb,m

Data unit: Litres per minute

Description: Baseline flow rate per inefficient Water Fixture

Source of Data: Project coordinator is to either monitor this as part of the fixture utilisation

or calculate this based on data available from suitably supported, available

and convincing references (for example data from water agency in host

country). Where monitoring is proposed a defined size sample batch is to be

obtained at the commencement of the proposed project and the resulting

water flow rates averaged. The size of the sample batch to be sufficient to

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achieve a 95% level of certainty in the results obtained. The lower of the

confidence interval must be selected for the Wb,m parameter to ensure that

the resultant calculations are conservative.

Any comment: The Project co-ordinator must source independently obtained data to support

the proposed baseline flow rate for the existing Water Fixtures that are to be

replaced. Refer to Methodology Section IV – Annexures Clause 5 “Existing

Inefficient Showerheads / Water Fixtures and Measurement of Water Flow”.

Data / Parameter: Tf,m

Data unit: oC

Description: Average temperature of the outlet water at each Water Fixture type m

Source of Data: Literature

Any comment: The temperature of the hot water out of each Water Fixture is impacted by

the local conditions in the Project area i. The Project co-ordinator is to

obtain data on the relevant temperature to be used for the outlet temperature

in the calculations for the abatement. Refer to Methodology Section IV –

Annexures Clause 10 “Temperature of Fixture Outlet Water”

Data / Parameter: Tcw

Data unit: oC

Description: Average temperature of the incoming cold water to the Water Fixture

Source of Data: Literature

Any comment: The temperature of the incoming cold water into the Water Fixture is

impacted by the location of the household, the associated climatic

conditions and therefore varies dependent upon the location and the time of

the year. The Project co-ordinator must source independently obtained data

to support the proposed incoming cold water temperature and is to calculate

and use the average temperature of the cold water in the project area, i,

during the overall monitoring period x. Refer to Methodology Section IV –

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Annexures Clause 11 “Temperature of Shower Incoming Cold Water”.

Data /

Parameter:

Wp,m,j,k

Data unit: Litres per minute

Description: Project flow rate per Water Saving Product m

Source of Data: Project coordinator is to either monitor this as part of the fixture utilisation

or calculate this based on data available from suitably supported, available

and convincing references (for example, manufacturer specifications).

Where monitoring is proposed a defined size sample batch is to be obtained

at the commencement of the proposed project and the resulting water flow

rates averaged. The size of the sample batch to be sufficient to achieve a

95% level of certainty in the results obtained. The lower of the confidence

interval must be selected for the Wp,m,i,j,k parameter to ensure that the

resultant calculations are conservativeLiterature - manufacturer

specifications.

Any comment: The Project co-ordinator must source independently obtained test data to

support the proposed flow rate for the proposed Water Saving Products.

Refer to Methodology Section IV – Annexures Clause 12 “Low-Flow

Showerheads and Flow Regulators”

Data / Parameter: Nm

Data unit: Number

Description: Number of uses for Water Fixture type m per household

either = one (1) per fixture per person per day for each resident in the

household; or

Based on monitoring of a representative sample of households to ascertain

the number of times the fixture(s) are used.

Source of Data: Number of persons per household based on statistical data obtained from

the relevant government department of the project country;

Monitoring based on data recorded by Project co-ordinator prior to the

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commencement of the proposed project. The total number of times for all

of the households is to be multiplied by the average number of persons per

household in the sampled households and divided by the total number of

households sampled in the project area to provide the average number per

household.

Any comment: Where statistical data defining number of persons per household may not

be available the Project co-ordinator may need to assess any additional data

that to be obtained during the data collection process at the point of supply

and/or installation of the supplied product. Such data may also need to be

confirmed during the external independent sampling process. Refer also to

Methodology Section IV – Annexures Clause 7 “Number of uses per day

per Household”.

7. Data and parameters monitored

Data / Parameter: THWf,i,j,k,x

Data unit: Number

Description: Number of households with a water heater type k using fossil fuel type j

located in Project area i during monitoring period x

Source of Data: Counted by Project coordinator’s field representatives based on their

installations

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

-

Monitoring

frequency:

Determined for the monitoring interval x based on the data collect at time

of WSP installation and input into the database

QA/QC procedures: Monitored via Project coordinator’s random telephone desktop audits

and/or visits, random field audits and supported via independent audits by

qualified sampling organisation

Any comment: The Project coordinator is to define the total number of households that

are anticipated to participate in the overall program. Refer also to Section

IV – Annexure Clause 14 “Total number of LFS’s and Other WSPs to be

installed and the Number per Household”.

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Data / Parameter: PCi

Data unit: Percentage (%)

Description: Penetration of the existing replaced product (lights, Showerheads and

Water Fixtures) within Project Area i as at monitoring period x

commencement for the “Extended Monitoring Procedure” option and as

at project commencement for the “Simplified Monitoring Procedure”

option;

Source of Data: Project coordinator to assess the marketplace at project commencement

and, where available, to source 5 years of historical data

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

-

Monitoring

frequency:

At project commencement for both “Extended” and “Simplified

Monitoring Procedure” options and at the commencement of each new

crediting period for the “Extended Monitoring Procedure” option.

QA/QC procedures: The Project coordinator is to nominate in the VER-PDD how this process

is to be monitored.

Any comment: Refer also to Section IV – Annexure Clause 19 “Market Penetration of

Energy Efficient Products”.

Data / Parameter: PAGi

Data unit: Percentage (%)

Description: Annual Percentage decline of product in the market place within Project

area i (%) based on historical data (with a minimum decline of 1% per

year);

Source of Data: Project coordinator to assess the marketplace at project commencement

and, where available, to source 5 years of historical data

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

-

Monitoring

frequency:

At GS nominated timeframes for the “Simplified Monitoring Procedure”

option and at the renewal of the crediting period for the “Extended

Monitoring Procedure” option.

QA/QC procedures: The Project coordinator is to nominate in the VER-PDD how this process

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is to be monitored.

Any comment: Refer also to Section IV – Annexure Clause 19 “Market Penetration of

Energy Efficient Products”.

Data / Parameter: IDFf,i,x

Data unit: percentage

Description: Installation Discount Factor of households located in Project area i during

abatement period or monitoring period x (as applicable) for the installation

of the lights, Showerheads or Water Fixtures – calculated separately.

Source of Data: Calculated by the Project coordinator and confirmed by the appointed,

independent, qualified, sampling organisation based on the results of their

sampling process

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

Telephone sampling by the Project coordinator and confirmed by the

appointed, independent, qualified, sampling organisation

Monitoring

frequency:

Ongoing during installation by the Project coordinator and by the

appointed, independent, qualified, sampling organisation.

QA/QC procedures: By both the Project coordinator and the appointed, independent, qualified,

sampling organisation.

Any comment: Refer to Step 10 – Random Sampling of Installations.

Data / Parameter: Water Saving Products

Data unit: Number

Description: Number of WSPs that are supplied to and installed in participating

households located in Project Area i during monitoring period x that have

fossil fuel-fired water heaters;

Source of Data: Counted by Project coordinator’s representatives based on their supply

and installations

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

-

Monitoring Determined for each monitoring interval x based on the data collect at

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frequency: time of installation and input into the database

QA/QC procedures: Monitored via Project coordinator’s random telephone desktop audits,

random field audits and supported via independent audits by qualified

sampling organisation

Any comment: The Project coordinator is to define the total number of households that

are anticipated to participate in the overall program. Refer also to Section

IV – Annexure Clause 14 “Total number of LFS’s and Other WSPs to be

installed and the Number per Household”.

Data / Parameter: CO2 Concentration

Data unit: KgCO2/m3

Description: Concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaust gas from domestic water

heaters.

Source of Data: Determined via a calibrated infrared analyzer. Project coordinator is to

appoint an external independent sampling organization to undertake a

testing campaign on a statistically representative sample of the fossil fuel

fired water heaters (considering continuous flow, tank-type or other

configurations) and fossil fuels that are utilized within Project Area i.

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Monitoring

frequency:

Determined for each monitoring interval x based on the data collect at

time of installation and input into the database

QA/QC procedures: Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Any comment: This value is required to obtain EFDM,i,j,k.

Data / Parameter: Exhaust Gas Velocity

Data unit: meters/minute

Description: Exit velocity of exhaust gases from domestic water heaters.

Source of Data: Determined via a calibrated gas velocity meter (eg. anemometer). Project

coordinator is to appoint an external independent sampling organization to

undertake a testing campaign on a statistically representative sample of the

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fossil fuel fired water heaters (considering continuous flow, tank-type or

other configurations) and fossil fuels that are utilized within Project Area

i.

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Monitoring

frequency:

Determined for each monitoring interval x based on the data collect at

time of installation and input into the database

QA/QC procedures: Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Any comment: This value is required to obtain EFDM,i,j,k.

Data / Parameter: Cross Sectional Area of Water Heater Exhaust

Data unit: m2

Description: Cross sectional area of the water heater exhaust at the point where velocity

measurements are taken.

Source of Data: Physical measurement of duct diameter using vernier callipers or

equivalent measuring device. Project coordinator is to appoint an external

independent sampling organization to undertake a testing campaign on a

statistically representative sample of the fossil fuel fired water heaters

(considering continuous flow, tank-type or other configurations) and fossil

fuels that are utilized within Project Area i.

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Monitoring

frequency:

Determined for each monitoring interval x based on the data collect at

time of installation and input into the database

QA/QC procedures: Refer to Section IV – Annexure Clause 25 “Direct Measurement of

Exhaust Gases from Water Heaters”.

Any comment: This value is required to obtain EFDM,i,j,k.

Data / Parameter: Legislative Changes

Data unit: -

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Description: Legislative changes may occur during the program that will impact on the

project additionality and thus on the Project coordinators ability to obtain

credits for the abatement achieved.

Source of Data: Legislative database

Measurement

Procedures (if any):

-

Monitoring

frequency:

The Project coordinator is to nominate the data that may be affected by

such legislative changes and how this is to be monitored

QA/QC procedures: -

Any comment: Refer also to Section IV – Annexure Clause 17 “Legislative Changes”.

Refer to Methodology Section III – Monitoring Methodology for further guidance on monitoring

procedures. !