018530 - SWITCH

Sustainable Water Management in the City of the Future

Integrated Project Global Change and Ecosystems

Deliverable reference number and title

WP 3.3. URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND USE – OTHER PRODUCTIVE REUSE D 3.3.6. GENERATING ALTERNATIVE WATER

Due date of deliverable: M36 Actual submission date: M36

Start date of project: 1 February 2006 Duration: 60 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM Revision [draft,]

Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level

PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

Aqua Y Joventud

Outline

• Background: The water crisis

• Water Generation solutions

• Water Reuse projects

•Seawater Desalination initiatives

•Innovation, Research and Development

•Regulation and Association

• Conclusions

Vision

Every human, animal and plant receives the water quantity and quality that is required at the correct time and place in a sustainable manner

Water Shortage in Middle East

less than 100100 to 200200 to 400400 to 6006 00 to 1,000more than 1,000

RAINFALL

Average Average Annual Annual

PrecipitationPrecipitation(mm)(mm)

AVG. PotentialAVG. PotentialDeficit ofDeficit of2,000 mm2,000 mm

Water GenerationNeve Zohar

• Water reuse• Desalination• Water conservation• Rain enhancement• Storm water utilization

Tel-Aviv

Water Solutions

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ovember 2004

10 Novem

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ovember 2004

Reuse of All Sewage Effluents

Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 (340 today)(340 today)

Tertiary treatment Tertiary treatment ––unrestricted irrigationunrestricted irrigation

Nutrients and Salt RemovalNutrients and Salt Removal

Manufactured Water Manufactured Water (Desalination + Reuse)(Desalination + Reuse) --~35% of Total Potential of Water ~35% of Total Potential of Water ResourcesResources

Irrigation• Agricultural irrigation• Gardens, golf courses• Hotels, campgrounds• Metal & high-tech ind.• Food industry• Toilet flushing• Roads& floor swiping• Fish farms• Stream rehabilitation

Yarkon River

Water Reuse Applications

The Third Line ProjectThe Third Line Project

Slow granular filtration(SGF) Dakar, senegal

MBR Principle of Operation

Screened crude sewage

Treated &disinfected

effluent

Air in

Waste Sludge(to further treatment)

In

Out

A Crap Commitment

(Curtesy of Kubota Israel)

Under constructionTender Planning

Shomrat 30 MCM

Hadera 100 (200) MCM

Palmakhim 30 MCM

Ashdod 45 MCM

Shafdan up to 200 MCM

Ashkelon 100 MCM Started operation

Production of Manufactured Fresh Water Resources in Large Scales

Ashkelon SWRO plant ,Israel

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onferenceIW

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ovember 2004

10 Novem

ber 200410 N

ovember 2004

Desalinated Sea Water Cost Range

405060708090100110120130140150160

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005YEAR

cent

/m3

Ashkelon

Palmachim,Haifa bayEilat

LARGE SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS

SMALL SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS

TrinidadLarnaca

Malta

Source: ADAN

2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural 2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural Water ResourcesWater Resources

20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4 Mg/l Boron0.4 Mg/l Boron

Israeli R&D Achievements

Agar

• Saving devices• Leakage detectors• Treatment methods• System optimization

models• Computerized control• Monitoring & warning

Electroflocculation

Visit WATEC Oct.30

Colloidal fouling Biological FoulingOrganic Matter

Membrane Performance can be degraded by

Membrane Surface

Membrane Support

Feed

Feed

Internal clogging

Cake Pore blocking

FlocsFlocculants - Iron

A

B

Membrane fouling by particles

- +

Anode (Aluminum)

Cathode (Stainless Steel)

Al+3

O2(g)

H2(g)

OH-

Aluminum:anode reactions:

Al(s)

Al+3(aq) + 3e-2H2O O2(g) +

4H+(aq)

Reactions in the EF CellReactions in the EF Cell

EFEF = = EEnvironmental nvironmental FFriendlyriendlyEEconomically conomically FFeasibleeasible

• Desired metal ion only• Accurate, easy dosage

control• Static mixing by electrodes• No chemicals handling• Sludge volume & wetness

minimization• Compact, modular,

small futprint• Simultaneous

oxidation/disinfection

EF enhanced primary treatment2400 m3/d, Hatzor, Israel

Principle flow diagram for a 20,000 m3/day IMS system –

encased UF

FILTEREDWATERTANK

INTERIMTANK

PRODUCT TANK

SHAFDANWASTEWATER

UF SYSTEM11 UNITS x 45 MODULES

total filter area – 24,750 m2

RO SYSTEM2 UNITS x 10,000 m3/day

st I. 68 X 7

st II. 28 X 7

st I. 68 X 7

st II. 28 X 7

BACKWASHPUMPS (P7)

HIGH PRESSUREPUMPS (P3)

UFPUMPS (P2)

TO DRAIN

TO DRAIN

RAW WATERPUMPS (P1)

ITALIAN - ISRAELI COOPERATIONON ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

Polishing Municipal Secondary Effluent for Stream Rehabilitation:

Constructed Wetland & Electroflocculation Technologies Experimental and Modeling Study

A modern medium-pressure UV system

New regulations and standards

•Wastewater quality for unrestricted irrigation•Wastewater quality for disposal to streams•Industrial effluent quality•Drinking water quality•Desalinated water quality•Materials and equipment

Standards are a major driving force in the development of water industry

•The government has declared the water industry as a strategic area of Israel

• A special fund has been created to support R&D

•The fund particularly supports development of self-innovative industrial products

The water industry

WATERFRONTS

Academy

Capital

Water industry

ConclusionsThe Israeli experience in overcoming water shortage point at the following doings:•Generate new water•Make technology-based plans•Turn the country into a water recycling community by giving benefits to reuse projects•Upgrade regulations and standards•Recognize that the water industry is of strategic

importance•Support self-innovation through close

collaboration industry-academy