BatteriesBatteries

Grob Basic Electronics: Chapter 12Grob Basic Electronics: Chapter 12

Google: Galvanic Cell or electrochemical cells Google: Galvanic Cell or electrochemical cells

http://www.batteryeducation.com/battery_article_index/http://www.batteryeducation.com/battery_article_index/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

http://www.energizer.com/learning-center/Pages/how-batteries-work.aspxhttp://www.energizer.com/learning-center/Pages/how-batteries-work.aspx

Materials NeededMaterials Needed

Shum make sure you have the following to Shum make sure you have the following to teach this lessonteach this lesson Large Cu and Zn plate with table salt, water Large Cu and Zn plate with table salt, water

and cloth.and cloth. DMMDMM Sack of potatoes, Cu, Zn plates, LED Sack of potatoes, Cu, Zn plates, LED

containers,containers, CardboardCardboard Lots of jumper wiresLots of jumper wires

Galvani vs VoltaGalvani vs Volta

Volta’s Volta’s BatteryBattery

How Batteries WorkHow Batteries Work

…the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential.

Electromotive ForceElectromotive Force

This end has more conductance

This side has some conductance, butnot as much as the opposite end.

Types of BatteriesTypes of Batteries

Primary: One time use (disposable) Primary: One time use (disposable) Zinc CarbonZinc Carbon AlkalineAlkaline

Secondary: RechargeableSecondary: Rechargeable NiCad: Nickel Cadmium (Early as 1899)NiCad: Nickel Cadmium (Early as 1899) NiMH: Nickel Metal HydrideNiMH: Nickel Metal Hydride Lithium ion: currently most popular, High energy, Lithium ion: currently most popular, High energy,

popular in Laptops, iPods, PDA’s (some cases of popular in Laptops, iPods, PDA’s (some cases of exploding, only last a few years)exploding, only last a few years)

Lead Acid (wet cell) High Amps!! Heavy!Lead Acid (wet cell) High Amps!! Heavy!

Battery RatingsBattery Ratings

Basic NiCad Cell= 1.25 V @ 500 mAHBasic NiCad Cell= 1.25 V @ 500 mAH Can produce 500 ma for one hourCan produce 500 ma for one hour 10 mA for 50 hours10 mA for 50 hours 1000 mA for 30 minutes (might get warm)1000 mA for 30 minutes (might get warm)

PrimaryPrimary

Batteries & Batteries & Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues Americans use an average of 5 cordless Americans use an average of 5 cordless

products per day (RBRC 2004).products per day (RBRC 2004). In 2005 200 million cell phones were used in In 2005 200 million cell phones were used in

the U.S. with 130 million cell phones discarded the U.S. with 130 million cell phones discarded annually (eartheasy 2004). annually (eartheasy 2004).

Disposal of cell phone batteriesDisposal of cell phone batteries Landfills: Leakage from single cell phone battery Landfills: Leakage from single cell phone battery

can pollute up to 158,000 gal of watercan pollute up to 158,000 gal of water Incinerators: If burned release toxic dioxins and Incinerators: If burned release toxic dioxins and

furan into atmosphere.furan into atmosphere. Recycling programs: Verizon, AT&T, office supply Recycling programs: Verizon, AT&T, office supply

storesstores

Secondary: Wet CellSecondary: Wet Cell

Series Voltage SourcesSeries Voltage Sources

Parallel Voltage SourcesParallel Voltage Sources

Series-Parallel Voltage Series-Parallel Voltage SourcesSources

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