02 Frames.pps

VP UniversityVP University

Primary Framing SystemsPrimary Framing Systems


Clear Span(Rigid)

Modular(Continuous)

Primary Primary FramesFrames

Primary FramesPrimary Frames



• Carry loads to the foundationCarry loads to the foundation• Manufactured from 50 ksi Manufactured from 50 ksi

steelsteel• Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and

bronze in colorbronze in color• Spans and Eave Heights in Spans and Eave Heights in

increments of 1/16”increments of 1/16”


Pre-punched Pre-punched HolesHoles

• VP primary frames have VP primary frames have pre-punched holes for purlin pre-punched holes for purlin connectionsconnections


Typical Connections

RAFTER BEAM SPLICE

HAUNCH TOCOLUMN

Typical ConnectionsTypical Connections

Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate


Factory Welded Factory Welded ClipsClips

Girt Clip



Two SystemsTwo Systems

Open Web

Solid Web


Primary FramesPrimary FramesFeatures & Features &

BenefitsBenefits• What roof pitches are What roof pitches are

available for Primary Frames?available for Primary Frames?

•Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper pitches available if neededpitches available if needed

• How high can the eave height How high can the eave height be? be?

•As required by the end userAs required by the end user


Exterior Column Exterior Column VariationsVariations

Tapered Straight StraightTaperedStraightTapered

TaperedStraightTaperedStraight

ReverseTaperedReverseTapered

Straight then TaperedStraight then Tapered

Column Tapered-Column Tapered-StraightStraight

Reversed Taper Reversed Taper Exterior ColumnExterior Column

Exposed FramingExposed Framing


Inset Girts

Columns can be hiddenwithin a finished wall

Straight Column Straight Column Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits


Interior Column Interior Column OptionsOptions

3-PlateBuilt-up

Pipe Tube(Square orRectangular)

Interior ColumnsInterior Columns



Rigid FrameRigid Frame


Rigid Rigid FramesFrames

Rigid Frame


Rigid Frame Cross Rigid Frame Cross SectionSection

When a “CLEAR SPAN” is required


RF with an Offset RF with an Offset RidgeRidge


RF Single SlopeRF Single Slope


Loads to the Foundation

Forces

LOAD

LOAD


Rigid FramesRigid FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

• Why or when should this type of Why or when should this type of frame be used?frame be used?

• When CLEAR SPANS are requiredWhen CLEAR SPANS are required

• How wide can a Rigid Frame be?How wide can a Rigid Frame be?

• VP has done them up to 300’ VP has done them up to 300’ widewide

RF (Steelers-Pitt)RF (Steelers-Pitt)



Continuous Continuous BeamBeam


Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FramesFrames

Continuous Beam Frame (CB-1)

Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FrameFrame



CB-1

CB-2

CB-3


CB Frame w/ Offset RidgeCB Frame w/ Offset Ridge


CB Frame with CB Frame with Unequal ModulesUnequal Modules


CB Frame Options - Single Slope



Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits• When should this type of When should this type of

frame be used?frame be used?

• Wide Span BuildingsWide Span Buildings

• What does adding interior What does adding interior columns do to the rafter?columns do to the rafter?

• Makes it lighterMakes it lighter


• How does this affect the price How does this affect the price of the rafter?of the rafter?

• The price decreasesThe price decreases• How wide can a CB frame be?How wide can a CB frame be?

• VP has done them over 800’ VP has done them over 800’ widewide


Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits


In Place Cost ConsiderationsIn Place Cost Considerations



Unibeam Unibeam Frames Frames


Unibeam Unibeam FramesFrames

Unibeam


Unibeam Features & Unibeam Features & BenefitsBenefits

TYPICAL RIGID FRAME


Ceiling Line

Unibeam Features & Benefits

More vertical clearanceat sidewalls


Ceiling Line

Unibeam Features & Unibeam Features & BenefitsBenefits

Straight Columns Vs. Tapered


Truss FramesTruss Frames

Truss Beam

Continuous Trusses

(CT-2)

(CT-1)

Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss

Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss


Truss BeamTruss Beam

•Straight Columns

•Flat Bottom


Continuous TrussContinuous Truss


Th

e O

pen

Web

Th

e O

pen

Web

A

dvan

tag

eA

dvan

tag

e

Piping and wiring can be run through an open web frame...

... It doesn’t have to go under the frame.


Open Web Open Web ConsiderationsConsiderations

• Manufacturing Manufacturing availability varies availability varies by Service Centerby Service Center• Alabama, California, Alabama, California,

and Wisconsinand Wisconsin

• Lateral Bracing to Lateral Bracing to bottom cordbottom cord

• Economical for Economical for large span and large span and large interior gridslarge interior grids

Sample ProjectSample Project

180 x 350 x 20180 x 350 x 20

2000 IBC2000 IBC

20 LL20 LL

90 mph Wind90 mph Wind

50 ft. bays50 ft. bays

$0$5,000

$10,000$15,000

$20,000$25,000

$30,000$35,000

Frame Type

P&BRFWBCB-1CT-1CB-2CT-23P P&B

Frame ComparisonsFrame Comparisons



Lean-to Lean-to Frames Frames


Lean-To FramesLean-To Frames

Below Eave Lean-to

At Eave

Lean-to


Endwall Lean-Endwall Lean-ToTo

End wall Lean-to


Below Eave Below Eave Height Lean-ToHeight Lean-To

•Can add interior columns if needed.


CB Lean-toCB Lean-toBelow eave Height or at eave Lean-to’s

Mainly large span lean-to’s


CT Lean-CT Lean-toto

Lean-ToLean-To



Endwall Endwall FramingFraming


End FramesEnd Frames

End Frames


Post & Beam End Post & Beam End FramesFrames


ComponentsComponents

Rake Beam

Corner Posts

“P&B”

Endposts


Typical Endpost Typical Endpost SpacingSpacing

23'20' 20'18'-6" 18'-6"100'


23'20' 20'18'-6" 18'-6"100'

1’6”5’0” 5’0”

1’6”5’0”

5’0”

CL

Why 23’?


MaterialMaterialss

Back-to-Back Cee’s(Factory Welded)

3-Plate Built-Up3-Plate Built-Up


How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame WorksFrame Works



The Rake Beam is designed as a CONTINUOUS BEAM spanning acrossthe end posts



End posts span from the floor tothe rake to support wind loads


End posts also support the gravity loadsvertically, carrying them from theRake Beam to the foundation



Half Load Frames Half Load Frames with End Postswith End Posts

End Post“EP”

End Posts can be used

With any frame type


Full Load Frames with Full Load Frames with End PostsEnd Posts

• When future When future expansion is expansion is expectedexpected

• End Posts can be used with any frame type

End Post“EP”


Soldier ColumnsSoldier

Columns A A Soldier ColumnSoldier Column is used to reduce is used to reduce

the span of the sidewall girts when the span of the sidewall girts when long bays ( 30’-0” +) are required.long bays ( 30’-0” +) are required.

Soldier Column


Primary Primary FramingFraming

Applied Design Applied Design Concepts and Concepts and ConsiderationConsideration

ss


Applied Design Applied Design ConceptsConcepts

• Moment ResistingMoment Resisting



Moment Resisting FramesMoment Resisting Frames

Load


P & B’s AreP & B’s AreNOT Moment NOT Moment

ResistingResisting

Load


Diaphragm is the metal panel’s ability to resist loads within its surface.


Post & Beam Post & Beam FramesFrames

Bracing or the diaphragmaction of wall panels is

required to resist wind loadsfrom the side of the building



• Moment ResistingMoment Resisting • Pinned and Rigid Pinned and Rigid ConnectionsConnections


Connection Connection TypesTypes

Rigid Connections at thehaunches and rafter splices

Pinned Connectionsat the base



• Moment Resisting • Pinned and Rigid Connections• Fixed Base Columns


Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column


Fixed Base Fixed Base ColumnColumn



• Moment Resisting • Pinned and Rigid Connections• Fixed Base Columns• Deflection Considerations


Frame Frame DeflectionDeflection

HorizontalDeflection

Vertical Deflection



• Moment Resisting • Pinned and Rigid Connections• Fixed Base Columns• Deflection Considerations• Unsupported Columns and Unsupported Rafters


Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns

and Rafters and Rafters

Supported Members have Flange Braces

Unsupported Members do not have Flange Braces.(may or may not have girts)


Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns

and Raftersand Rafters• A column or rafter is considered A column or rafter is considered

unsupported when it does not unsupported when it does not have Lateral support. have Lateral support.

• This condition occurs when there This condition occurs when there are no flange braces attached to are no flange braces attached to the compression (Inside) flange.the compression (Inside) flange.

• Unsupported columns are typically Unsupported columns are typically more expensive than Supported.more expensive than Supported.


Flange BracingFlange Bracing

Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips

• The more you The more you reduce the spanreduce the span of a of a member the more you reduce the cost member the more you reduce the cost (to a certain point)…(to a certain point)…

• RF-higherRF-higher roof pitch better (up to roof pitch better (up to 3:12)3:12)

• CB-lower CB-lower roof pitch betterroof pitch better• TaperedTapered members most economical members most economical• Span Span frames shortestframes shortest distance in distance in

buildingbuilding

Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips

• Gage Post and BeamGage Post and Beam most most economical endwall frameeconomical endwall frame

• Reduce endbay span if possibleReduce endbay span if possible• Reduce Int. Col. Span near Reduce Int. Col. Span near

sidewallssidewalls• Do Not specify deflection higher Do Not specify deflection higher

than necessarythan necessary• Open Web frames economical with Open Web frames economical with

large spans and heavy loadslarge spans and heavy loads


Documents

02 Frames.pps