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the steps in how to prevent incident how it is occured
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Incident Prevention
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Safety And Health Officer Certificate Course
Learning Objectives
To define what is incident
To explain the causes of incident & role of management control
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To explain 3 theory on accident causation
To list the cost involved in an incident
Scope
Principles of loss prevention
Causes of incidents
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Incidents and productivity
Approach to loss prevention
Principles of Incident Prevention
1. Incident prevention is good management
2. Management and workers must fully
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2. Management and workers must fully cooperate
3. Top management must lead
Principles of Incident Prevention
4. There must be an OSH policy
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5. Must have organisation and resourcesto implement the OSH policy
6. Best available information and technology must be applied
What Is An Incident?
An incident is: An unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events
That occurs through a combination of causes
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Which result in: Physical harm (injury, ill-health or disease) to an
individual,
Damage to property,
A near-miss,
Any combination of these effects.
Why Prevent Incidents?
Legal
Human Rights
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Human Rights
Business
Causes Of Incidents
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Types of Incidents
Cause immediate injury or damage to equipment or property:
A forklift dropping a load
Someone falling off a ladder
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Someone falling off a ladder
That occur over an extended period:
Hearing loss
Illness resulting from exposure to chemicals
Early Theory Of Accidents(Heinrich (1930's))
Ancestry/social environment
Fault of a person
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person
Unsafe act/condition
Accident
Injury
HeinrichsFive Stage Sequence
Ancestry/social environment
Fault of a person
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person
Unsafe act/condition
Accident
Injury
Accident Causation Model (1974)
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Poor Management Safety Policy &Decisions
Personal FactorsEnvironmental Factors
The Three Basic Causes of Accidents
Unsafe
ConditionUnsafe Act
Basic Causes
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Unplanned Incidence
UnsafeCondition
Unsafe Act
Direct Causes
Indirect causes
Three Basic Causes Of Accident
ACCIDENTPersonal Injury,
Property Damage
Lack of Management Control
Management responsible for:
Selection of workers
Machinery and equipment
System of work
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System of work
Information and training
Supervision, etc
The accident prone worker is a false
approach. It is like blaming the victim
instead of the perpetrator.
Multiple Cause Of Accidents
Cause A(Poor lighting)
Cause B (Not look where going)
Accident(Trip)
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Compatible with Loss Causation Theory.
(Not look where going)
Cause C(Wood in walkway)
(Trip)
Fall From a Defective Ladder
Why was the defective ladder not found during normal inspection?
Why did the supervisor allow its use?
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Why did the supervisor allow its use?
Didn't the injured employee know it should not be used?
Fall From a Defective Ladder
Was the employee properly trained?
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Was the employee reminded not to use the ladder?
Did the superior examine the job first?
Trip Although Warned in Dark Walkway
Was there a necessity for that person to walk in that area or was there a safer route.
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If the person was not in a hurry would they have been more aware of their surroundings and avoided the wood.
Trip Although Warned in Dark Walkway
If the area was better lit would the person have avoided the wood.
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Could the wood have been removed.
The Accident Pyramid
33 Lost days
11 Fatal / Serious injury
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TYE/PEARSON/BIRD 1969-1975
400400 Near misses
8080 Property
5050 First aid
Accepted Accident Theory
Multiple Causation Theory
A single unsafe act or condition may or may not cause an accident but both are caused by lack of management control.
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Bird Loss Causation Model
In line with Schewhart(1930s) theory of quality control.
Accepted Accident Theory
Heinrichs theory is weak and negative
Blaming victim and lack system thinking, continual improvements, upstream control and worker participation.
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Productivity Aspect Of OSH
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Direct Vs. IndirectIncident Cost Iceberg
It is estimated that for every $1 in direct incident
DirectDirectDirectDirect
CostsCostsCostsCosts
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in direct incident costs, there are anywhere from $4 to $11 in indirect or hidden costs.
IndirectIndirectIndirectIndirect
CostsCostsCostsCosts
CostsCostsCostsCosts
The Hidden Costs
1. Product and material damage
2. Plant and building damage
7. Investigation time
8. Supervisors time diverted
9. Clerical Effort
Insured Costs -- covering injury, ill health, damage.Hidden Uninsured 8-36 times as much as insured costs
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3. Tool and equipment damage
4. Expenditure on emergency
5. Fines
6. Legal costs
10.Overtime working
11.Temporary labour
12.Loss of expertise / experience supplies
13.Clearing site
14.Production delays
Incident Prevention Costs
DESIGN COSTS (e.g to install machine guards)
OPERATIONAL COSTS (training costs,
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OPERATIONAL COSTS (training costs, PPE, etc.)
SAFE GUARDING THE FUTURE COSTS(health surveillance, audits etc)
Cost- Benefit Analysis Of Control Measures
Compare specific incident costs with cost of specific improvement being suggested.
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suggested.
Du Pont Ten Principles of Safety Management
All injuries and occupational illnessesare preventable.
Management is directly responsible for
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Management is directly responsible for doing this.
Safety is a condition of employment.
Training is required.
Du Pont Ten Principles of Safety Management
Safety audits and inspections must be carried out.
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Deficiencies must be corrected promptly.
All unsafe practices, incidents and injury accidents will be investigated.
Du Pont Ten Principles of Safety Management
Safety away from work is as important as safety at work
Incident prevention is cost-effective; the
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Incident prevention is cost-effective; the highest cost is human suffering.
Employees must be actively involved.
Summary
Incident in the workplace is largely caused by lack of management control
If you think safety is expensive, try accidents
Implement an appropriate company policy
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Implement an appropriate company policy
Control OSH risk
Put a management system in place
Promote Occupational Safety and Health