0201 0221 329 846 · 2021. 2. 24. · ديعس دحمأ ناونج)6102 برمتبس – ويلوي(44 دللمجا - سشم ينع بادآ تايلوح 406 0201 0221 329 846 0677

نجوان أحمد سعيد

(6102 سبتمبر –يوليو ) 44المجلد -حوليات آداب عين شمس

406

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(6102سبتمبر –يوليو ) 44المجلد -حوليات آداب عين شمس

(م0201 – 0621/ هـ 369 – 246) زمن سلاطين المماليك النظام النقدي ودار ضرب المسكوكات في مصر

409

The Monetary System And the Coins’ Mint House in

Egypt during the Mamluk Sultans' Era (648 –923 AH /

1250 – 1517 AD)

Nagwan Ahmed Said

Abstract Money is the basis of sales’ prices and business and wages rating, and others

in all life affairs, especially what is concerned with financial transactions in the

country, thus it was necessary to develop a new monetary policy to Promote

economy, to increase the country progress, then it establish a house of money

mintage, Stuck coins out, with qualities and with specific correct proportions

supervised by the Mohtasib who is in charge of all financial and commercial

transactions in the Mamluk era.

Earlier before, all the Cash money from gold and silver coins, Egypt knew

money such as there were transactions by the "Miskals" of gold and silver that were

famous by different names and weights, like the adequate black Derhims that were

made by the few of silver and mostly by Copper.

As the result of the existence of Goods and things of a few purchasing power

like vegetables and fruits and the similar, that are sold by less than a quarter of the

price of Derhim, yet to reach to the level or less than silver, the nation decided to

form currencies from copper metal as it is relatively cheap, this coin was called

“Follies” that got conducted rates and was minted in the house of money mintage,

like miskals of Gold Dinars, or Silver Derhims.

But money was cheated as the corrupt benefit of currency differences that the

Sultans were minting in the house of money minting then to spread into markets to

stand on with all commercial transactions and others in the country.

Sultans were dealing with the foreign currencies like the French Franks, and

the “Ducat” that were minted in Venice in Italy, to achieve the mutual commercial

cooperation with the European nations.

Metal cash was one of the most precious coins that were used by Mamluk

Sultans, specially what the Sultan AL-Zahir Beybars used in (658 - 676 Hj/ 1260 –

1277 AD)

From the Zahrian Golden Dinars in which he engraved a Renc ( his symbol

and emblem) which was the image of a lion, and he minted also the Zahirian Silver

Derhims, and wrote on the coins the date and place of issuing it. Then the Mamluk

coins consequenced later, the gold, the silver and the copper alike till the end of the

Mamluk era.

All Sultan ascends the throne of the country eliminates what he minted from

the coins, and mint a new coin carrying his name and engrave his emblem and his

Renc on it, then write date of its issue and the place of issue, then he stop dealing

with the prior minted money and let his coin is the only licensed coin to deal with

into all nations’ transactions.



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Donald P. Little: History and Historiography of the Mamluks. Variorum Reprints, London, 1986. The use of documents for the stady of mamluk history, Mamluk Sudies Review, Vol. 1,1997. Middel East Documentation Center (M E D O C), Chicago. Dozy : Supplément aux Dictionnaires Arabes. Librairie du Liban, Beyroute, 1968. Herbert Franke : Akten des Vierundzwanzigsten IInternationalen Orientalisten Kongresses. Deutsche



496

Morgenlandische Gesellschaft E.V. Munchen. 28 August bis 4 September, 1957. Lane Poole : Catalogue of the collection of Arabic coins. Preserved in the Khedivial library in Cairo. Egypt, 1984. Lavoix (M.Henri) : Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. Espagne, Paris, 1841. Wolfgang Niemeyer,Agypten zur Zeit Der Mamluken (Eine Kultur – Landeskundliche Skizze), Verlag Von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 1936. Schultz (W. C.) : Mamluk Egyptian Copper Coinage before 759 A H./ 1357 – 1358 AD. : A preliminary Inquiry, Mamlouk Studies Review, No. 5. Chicago University, (2001). Haarmann (Ulrich) : Quellestudien zur Fruhen Mamlukenzeit. D.Robischon. Freiburg, 1970.



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Documents

0201 0221 329 846 · 2021. 2. 24. · ديعس دحمأ ناونج)6102 برمتبس – ويلوي(44 دللمجا - سشم ينع بادآ تايلوح 406 0201 0221 329 846 0677