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FQ: How were Cheng He's voyages, and treatment, reflective of Ming Policy?
Forbidden City Beijing
(Nanjing was 1st Ming capital)
Great Wall Completed
(Along with Grand Canal)
Maritime Challenges
Cheng He (7 Voyages: 1405 - 1433)
Emperor Yongle (aka Chengzu: 1402 - 1424)
Treasure Junks
Largest wooden
vessels ever constructed
A Crushing Display of China’s Advanced Status
Sailing TechnologyAxial Rudder: An axial rudder is a vertical blade at the stern of a vessel that can be used to change direction. Multiple Masts and Sails: A ship with multiple masts and sails can sail better into the wind. Watertight Compartments in Ship Hulls: These compartments prevent water from filling the entire hull of a ship after it has been damaged.
Sailing TechnologyLeeboard: A leeboard is a board that is lowered into the water to prevent a ship from drifting sideways. Magnetic Compass: The magnetic compass allows sailors to determine the direction of the ship when navigators are out of sight of land. The magnetic compass made it possible to find direction at sea.
Length of longest ship
Number of masts of
longest ship
Number of ships in fleet
Number of crew members in
fleet
Christopher Columbus
(Explorer A)
85 feet
3 masts
3 ships
90
Zheng He
(Explorer B)
400 feet
9 masts
300 ships
28,000
Resources and Technology
Temple, Robert K. G., and Joseph Needham. The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.
When did each of the explorer’s society develop the following technology? Christopher Zheng He Columbus
Axial Rudder 12th Century 1st Century Multiple Masts and Sails 14th Century 2nd Century Watertight Compartments in Ship Hulls 18th Century 2nd Century Leeboard 16th Century 8th Century Magnetic Compass 12th Century 9-11th Century
Definition
Incentive: Any reward or benefit, such as money, advantage or good feeling, that motivates people to do something.
Inter-Continental Sea Travel
All this data begs a question. Why didn’t the Chinese “Discover” the
American Continents?
Technological AdvantageMaterial
Ship design
Astrolabe
Magnetic Compass
Chronometer
Sail Design
Accurate maps
Science
• Measurements => coordinates
• Magnetic vs. True North • Astronomy • Geo-physics: wind & sea
currents
Policy Change after Yongle
Tributary System
Tributary States
Japan
Annam (Vietnam)
Java
Ritual
• Exchange gifts • Annual visits by
ambassadors • Kowtowing (includes
prostration)