1/11/08 1:49 PM

← Today’s Class

Who were the main people influential in starting the field?

How has the field changed over time? What are the major events in

its development?

←← Ales Hrdlicka (1869 – 1943)

“silent” contributor

physical anthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution (1903 – 1942)

did case work for the FBI, but didn’t publish anything

o no lasting record about what information he provided

← Ernest Albert hooton (1887 – 1954)

“silent” contributor

professor of anthropology at Harvard

examined forensic cases and trained many students, but did not

publish

← Hamann-Todd Collection (Carl A. Hamann, and T. Wingate Todd)

Cleveland, Ohio

Collected 2,600 skeletons of known individuals (early 1900s to

about 1940s)

Used to develop standards used for determination of age,

sex, ancestry, stature

← Terry Collection (Robert Terry, and Mildred Trotter)

St. Louis, Missouri

Terry takes the cadavers and collects them from classes

Collected about 1600 skeletons from dissecting room cadavers

Known age, sex, ancestry

Trotter helped figure out the stature of a person by the bones

← Problems with Collections

low socio-economic status

not representative of the population as a whole

poor health

turn of the century

o people are now taller

o healthier

← Consolidation Period (1939 – 1971)

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (1939)

o FBI starts working with physical anthropologists. There is

more collaboration.

The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine (1962)

o First forensic anthropology textbook

he made it more mainstream

← World War II

1947: Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii (CILHI) established

o now the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC)

o identification of war dead

o directed by Charles E. Snow, later by Mildred Trotter

she convinces the government to let her do research on

the soldiers that are deceased and can start developing

standards

standards for determining stature

← Korean War

Ended in 1953

Lab established in Japan

o Identification of war dead

Directed by T. Dale Stewart, researched by Thomas McKern

o Lot of work in aging

o Standards for determining age

← T. Dale Stewart

Curator, physical anthropology section, Smithsonian institution

Large influence extending into the modern period

Essentials of forensic anthropology 1979

←← Modern Period (1972 - ?)

1971: Physical Anthropology Section of AAFS established

1977: American Board of Forensic Anthropology is formed

o make sure the people calling themselves anthropologists were

properly trained and had the credentials

← William Bass

Human Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual, 1986

Professor, University of Tennessee

Started the “Body Farm”

← William Maples

Founder, C.A. Pound Human ID Laboratory, UF

Human IDE and trauma analysis

Worked on cases of historical interest

← Modern Skeletal Collections

William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection

o 1981, University of Tennessee

o about 400 known individuals

o much wider range of individuals

Maxwell Museum’s Documented Skeletal Collection

o 1984, New México

o about 250 known individuals

o all died in the past 25 years

←← The “4th period” in the New Millennium

2000 and beyond

o broadened research goals and new techniques

o international focus

o burgeoning educational programs

o increasing opportunities in non-academic venues