Name:_________________________________ Date:__________________ Period:_______

04.04 The Power of Allusions Notes Types of Allusions:

1. Biblical Allusions:

a. Writers and speakers often allude to characters and stories from the Bible.

i. Do you recognize this Biblical allusion? 1. Allusion: It rained so much over the weekend that I was tempted to start building

an ark. Meaning: The Bible tells the story of Noah. Noah built an ark, or ship,

when rain caused the earth the flood.

2. Historical Allusions:

a. Allusions often refer to notable people and major events from history.

i. Do you know the significance of this historical allusion?

1. Allusion: The 13-year-old girl defended the young boy from bullies. With the

dignity and determination of Rosa Parks, she held her head high and held her ground firmly. Meaning: Rosa Parks is an African-American woman who was an

important part of the Civil Rights Movement. She is most famous for refusing,

with pride, to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man.

3. Literary Allusions:

a. People often make references to famous pieces of writing. These include fairy tales, fables, poems,

short stories, novels, and more.

i. Do you know what information this allusion is sharing? 1. Allusion: I asked my brother if I could borrow lunch money. As always, he was a

real Scrooge. Meaning: Ebenezer Scrooge is a character from A Christmas

Carol, by Charles Dickens. Scrooge is known for being very stingy with his

money.

4. Mythological Allusions:

a. Allusions often refer to characters and stories from Greek or Roman mythology.

i. Do you understand this mythological allusion? 1. Allusion: Kelvin spied Karen,and was instantly struck by Cupid's arrow.

Meaning: Cupid is the Roman God of Affection. His arrows make people fall in

love.

5. Pop Culture Allusions:

a. Sometimes people make allusions to popular movies, television shows, songs, and celebrities. This

is the trickiest kind of allusion. Pop culture allusions can be effective, but they can quickly lose their

impact. What is popular today might easily be forgotten tomorrow.

04.04 The Power of Allusions

Name:_________________________________ Date:__________________ Period:_______

Instructions: Read the following short story excerpts, then answer the question that follows by

circling the correct choice.

Short Story Excerpt 1

When we rescued Topper, we thought he would be the perfect family dog. And he

was...half of the time, anyway. His Jekyll and Hyde personality made our lives

completely unpredictable.

1. This paragraph alludes to the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Based on this literary allusion,

which choice best describes Topper's personality? (5 points)

a. Topper changes from good to evil unexpectedly.

b. Topper constantly begs the family for more food.

c. Topper sleeps all day and stays away all night.

d. Topper runs away whenever he gets the chance.

Short Story Excerpt 2

Alyssa looked perfect as she left for the prom. Although her dress and her make-up

were beautiful, the weather was ugly. By the time she arrived, the wind and rain left

her hair looking like Medusa's.

2. Based on the mythological allusion to Medusa, Alyssa's hair looked (5 points)

a. Dark

b. Neat

c. Wet

d. Wild

Short Story Excerpt 3

I visited with the young musician backstage before her sold-out concert. We spoke

about her humble beginnings, her childhood dreams, and the surprising turn of events

that brought her to the top. Listening to her tell the tale, you can't help but view it as a

Cinderella story.

3. This paragraph from a newspaper article alludes to Cinderella. Based on this literary allusion,

which choice best describes the young musician's story? (5 points)

a. She was a poor girl who married into a royal family and became rich.

b. She was a simple girl whose big dreams unexpectedly came true.

c. She was a talented girl who worked hard and made wise choices to make it big.

d. She was an unhappy girl whose fairy godmother helped her reach her dream.

Short Story Excerpt 4

Name:_________________________________ Date:__________________ Period:_______

A poem describes a heroic girl escaping danger. One verse of the poem describes

her as a "teenage Lara Croft." Lara Croft is an athletic and intelligent video game

character who explores dangerous tombs and ancient ruins.

4. What type of allusion does the author create? (5 points)

a. Biblical

b. Historical

c. Mythological

d. Pop culture

Part II Instructions: Read the following poem, then answer the question that follows by circling the correct

choice.

My beautiful penthouse apartment

bursts with pets and plants,

but it's far from paradise.

My arms reach out.

My eyes search.

My heart aches

like Adam's

before

Eve.

5. The biblical allusion to Adam and Eve suggests that the speaker in this poem feels (5 points)

a. Lucky

b. Lonely

c. Hungry

d. Angry

Read the following poem, then answer the question that follows: Our family road trip is far from perfection.

We've traveled for days in every direction.

We are driving in circles and lost in the dark.

It seems mom and dad are no "Lewis and Clark!"

6. This poem features a historical allusion to Lewis and Clark. Why does the author feel his parents

are not like the real life duo? (5 points)

a. Lewis and Clark always got along well with each other.

b. Lewis and Clark expertly navigated their expedition.

Name:_________________________________ Date:__________________ Period:_______

c. Lewis and Clark traveled for years rather than days.

d. Lewis and Clark traveled by foot or horse and not by car.

Read the following poem, then answer the question that follows: Reginald wanted perfect grades,

and it almost worked out that way.

Math class was his Achilles' heel,

and he could never earn an A.

7. This poem makes a mythological allusion to the Greek Hero, Achilles. An Achilles' heel refers to

(5 points)

a. A difficult subject

b. A favorite thing

c. A single weakness

d. A surprising event

Read the following diary entry, then answer the question that follows: Dear Diary,

I can't believe it! Yesterday, we finished choreographing the perfect routine for the

talent contest. Today, I find out that Becky has shared all of our moves with the team we were competing

against. That Benedict Arnold even gave them a copy of our

customized music mix.

8. This diary entry alludes to a Benedict Arnold. This historical allusion indicates that the writer of

the diary thinks Becky is a (5 points)

a. cheater

b. friend

c. contact

d. traitor

Read the following newspaper excerpt, then answer the question that follows: "A David and Goliath Battle Rages Over Sunshine Park"

Chelsea Spree played in Sunshine Park as a young girl. When she learned that the

Trumont Corporation planned to tear it down to build their international headquarters,

she decided to speak up. Though Trumont has millions of dollars and high-paid

lawyers on their side, Chelsea has passion. The battle is shaping up to be a tough

one.

Name:_________________________________ Date:__________________ Period:_______

9. The headline of this news article makes a biblical allusion. The mention of David and Goliath

suggests a battle in which (5 points)

a. one opponent is much smaller than the other

b. one opponent is threatening another's childhood memories

c. two opponents are battling over the same land

d. two opponents are in a very tough contest

10. An article discusses the first professional football player who was deaf. The author compares the

player to Jackie Robinson, who was the first African American in Major League Baseball. What

type of allusion does the author create? (5 points)

a. Biblical

b. Historical

c. Literary

d. Mythological

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5 Triangles in Action JJ's mom, Letia, has a TV stand that she wants to put in the corner of the living room. Take a look at the diagram below. Along one wall, there is a window 3 feet from the corner. Along the other wall, there is a window 4 feet from the corner. The TV stand is 8 feet long. Will it fit in the corner without covering the windows?

It turns out that there is no way to put the TV stand in the corner without covering a window. This makes Letia wonder. Is there a reason that an 8-ft TV stand will not form a triangle, with it being one side and the other sides being 3 ft and 4 ft? She got out some dry spaghetti noodles and broke them up into different lengths to do a quick experiment. The results are shown in the table below. Take a look at the table Letia created below and see if you can figure out the rule. Hint: Compare the sum of the two shorter sides to the length of the longest side.

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5 Practice—Text Version Identify the segment lengths that will produce a triangle. Determine whether the three segment lengths will produce a triangle. Write yes or no in the space provided.

1. 2, 2, 3

2. 7, 9, 15

3. 15, 20, 30

4. 20, 20, 30

5. 10, 30, 25

6. 12, 8, 7

7. 20, 10, 5

8. 50, 5, 10

9. 10, 50, 55

10. 5, 6, 11

Letia now knows that three random side lengths don't always make a triangle. She begins to wonder if any three angles will make a triangle.

She created a table and experimented with different angle combinations. Her results are shown below.

Rule: The sum of the angles in a triangle is always exactly 180°

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5

Identify the angles measures that will produce a triangle. 1. 30°, 60°, 90°

2. 25°, 25°, 90°

3. 95°, 95°, 15°

4. 70°, 20°, 90°

5. 100°, 30°, 50°

6. 20°, 50°, 110°

7. 105°, 105°, 105°

8. 90°, 90°, 1°

9. 10°, 50°, 120°

10. 10°, 80°, 100°

Letia is trying to design a triangular shelf unit to place in another corner of the living room. The base of the shelf will be in the shape of a right angle. She asks JJ and his sister Sadie to each draw a right triangle to represent the base of the shelf unit. When they showed her their work, she noticed that their triangles were different!

Letia is confused about why JJ and Sadie didn't draw the same triangle, so she gives more specific information. She tells them to draw a triangle with angles of 40°, 50°, and 90°.

She is confused because they still made different sized triangles. What Letia doesn't know is that there are infinitely many triangles that can be drawn using three angles, as long as the sum of the angles is exactly 180°. Is there a way for Letia to give just enough information for JJ and Sadie to create the same triangle? Yes! It turns out that if she tells them the length of two sides and the measure of the angle between the sides, they will only be able to draw one triangle. Once two side lengths and the angle between the two sides are given, there is only one possible length for the third side. Here is a review of what Letia has learned about using angles to create triangles. Rule:

• When the sum of three given angles is 180°, those angles can be used to form an infinite number of triangles. • When the sum of the angles is not 180°, no triangle can be formed. • When the lengths of two sides and the angle between them is given, only one unique triangle can be formed.

Types of Angles Sadie is creating artwork for the living room wall. She likes to work with geometric shapes, and she knows the following information about angles:

A straight line = 180°.

Vertical angles: Two angles that are directly across from each other when two lines intersect.

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5

When any two line segments intersect, they create two pairs of vertical angles. In the picture, Angles A and B form a pair of vertical angles, and Angles C and D form another pair of vertical angles. Vertical angles are congruent to each other. Congruent angles have the same measure.

Supplementary angles: Two angles with a sum of 180°.

Two angles are supplementary if their measures add up to 180°.

Complementary angles: Two angles with a sum of 90°.

Two angles are complementary if their measures add up to 90°.

Adjacent angles: Angles that share a side.

Adjacent angles are angles that share a side.

Sadie is trying to use some triangles in her artwork and will write and solve equations to help her determine angle measures. Take a look at her first drawing. What is the measure of Angle x? Sadie recognizes that Angle x is supplementary to Angle y inside the triangle. She will first calculate the measure of Angle y. The little square in the corner of the triangle is a symbol for a right angle that measures 90°. Since the sum of the three angles inside the triangle is 180°, the measure of the missing angle can be found using the equation: 40 + y + 90 = 180°. Now solve the equation. 40 + y + 90 = 180

130 + y = 180 Combine like terms.

130 + y = 180 − 130 – 130

Subtract 130 from both sides.

y = 50° Simplify. The measure of Angle y is 50°.

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5

Write an equation. Angle x is supplementary to the 50° angle.

x + 50° = 180° Supplementary angles add up to 180°.

x + 50° = 180° − 50° − 50°

Subtract 50° from both sides.

x = 130° Simplify. The measure of Angle x is 130°.

Practice

1. Find the measure of Angle x.

Start by finding the measure of Angle y in the triangle.

30 + 30 + y = 180 The sum of the three angles is 180°.

60 + y = 180 Combine like terms.

60 + y = 180 − 60 − 60

Subtract 60 from both sides.

y = Angle y is

x = Angle x and Angle y are vertical angles. Vertical angles are congruent.

7th Grade Math AMI Week 5

2. Find the measure of Angle b.

b + 45° + 50° = 180° The three angles form a straight line. A straight line is 180°.

b + 95° = 180° Combine like terms.

b + 95° = 180°

Subtract 95° from both sides.

b = _______° Simplify.

The measure of Angle b is _______°.

3. Find the measure of Angle a.

a + 85° + 75° = 180° The three angles of a triangle add up to 180°.

a + 160° = 180° Combine like terms.

a + 160° = 180° Subtract _______° from both sides.

a = _____° Simplify.

The measure of Angle a is _______°.

7th Grade Social Studies

Week of April 20-24, 2020

Module I Study Guide- Review the following questions and key terms from Module 1.

1. On the map below match the term with the number location on the globe.

North Pole South Pole Equator Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

2. On the map below match the term with the number location on the globe. Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Prime Meridian

3. What factors affect human survival?

4. Describe the difference between climate and weather.

5. What factors do people need to consider when choosing a place to settle?

6. What factors cause changes in population?

7. What problems does population growth cause?

8. What effects does geographic isolation have on people?

Key Terms

Geography: the science of studying Earth as the home of humans

Geographer: person who studies geography

Place: using physical or human characteristics to describe where a person or thing is

Region: basic unit of geographical studies; any area that exhibits unity is some way

Human-Environment Interaction: the way people modify or change and adapt to their surroundings

Movement: how things on Earth get from one place to another, allows humans to interact through transportation or communication on Earth

Five Themes of Geography: location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, region

Latitude: distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees

Equator: the imaginary line that is located at zero degrees latitude

Longitude: distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

Prime Meridian: the imaginary line is located at zero degrees longitude

Absolute Location: identifies a precise position on Earth’s surface (using latitude and longitude)

Relative Location: describes where a place is compared with other places

Northern Hemisphere: The area north of the Equator

Southern Hemisphere: The area south of the Equator

Eastern Hemisphere: All the places on the globe to the east of the Prime Meridian, between 0° and 180°

Western Hemisphere: All the places on the globe to the west of the Prime Meridian between 0° and 180°

Climate-a region's weather conditions over an extended period of time.

Continents-the large land masses of the Earth.

Elevation-the height above sea level.

Geography--the study of the Earth and the humans that inhabit it.

Landforms-natural features of the Earth's surface.

Natural resources--elements of the Earth that are of use to people

The sun-Our closest star and source for heat and energy.

Ocean Currents-a steady flow of water within an ocean that moves in a continuous direction.

Physical geography-the study of the Earth's landscapes, atmosphere, and physical processes.

Settlement--a place where people establish a community or village.

Agriculture -is the method of growing crops or trees or raising livestock that provides food and some raw materials.

Civilizations -the development of advanced societies where people live together.

Climate -a region's weather conditions over an extended period of time.

Demography-is the study of how human populations change over time and space.

Domesticate-to tame an animal or cultivate a plant. Animals are often domesticated through breeding, to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal. This usually creates a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild.

Forage-to travel around gathering food. This could be in the form of plants or animals.hh.Hearth-(pronounced harth) a hearth is a place in front of a fire. It is a symbol for someone's home or location of origin.

Irrigation-a way to bring water to crops.

Natural Resources--elements of the Earth that are of use to people.

Neolithic Revolution-is the term given to the development of agricultural societies.

Sedentary-staying or living in one place instead of moving to different places

Technology-a useful process or thing that solves problems or improves processes.

Quiz

1. To tame an animal or cultivate a plant. Animals are often domesticated through breeding, to live in close association with human beings as a pet or work animal. This usually creates a dependency so that the animal loses its ability to live in the wild.

A. Domesticate B. Civilizations C. Demography D. Forage

2. Staying or living in one place instead of moving to different places.

A. Nomadic B.Sedentary

3. What are the problems associated with agricultural population growth? A. Too many cows and chickens. B. Water pollution, soil erosion, and mineral depletion. C. Fog, and rain. D. Smaller houses and less entertainment.

4. A tiger is an example of a domesticated animal. A. True B. False

5. To travel around gathering food. This could be in the form of plants or animals. A. Demography B. Civilizations C. Domesticate D. Forage

6. The study of the Earth's landscapes, atmosphere, and physical processes. A. Physical Geography B. Continents C. Elevation D. Climate

7. The location of a settlement does not influence the types of resources, agriculture and culture of groups. A. True B. False

8. They are elements of the Earth that are of use to people. A. Sun B. Natural Resources C. Weather D. Settlement

9. My address is 130 Lava Flow Lane. That is an example of a______. A. Movement B. Place C. Location D. Human-Environment Interaction E. Region

10. Arkansas, Mississippi and Tennessee are located in the southern part of the United States. A. Human-Environment Interaction B. Location C. Place D. Movement E. Region

FCJH Science AMI Work for 4/20-4/24, 2020 Name________________________

The night sky is filled with countless stars that look like tiny glowing dots. So, it's not surprising that people started connecting these dots in the sky to make all sorts of imaginary shapes and figures. Constellations were created and named as the groups of dots formed recognizable patterns or images for people viewing them. Though the first constellations were created long ago, they continue to assist astronomers. They serve as a quick reference to different parts of the sky. Constellations are made up of a relatively small number of stars. There are much larger groupings of stars than constellations. We call them galaxies. There is much to learn about the galaxies that make up the universe.

Pasta—love it or hate it, it comes in many different varieties. There are tubes, big shells, little shells, wheels, and even elbows. But what does pasta have to do with galaxies? Well, both are classified according to their appearance. Identifying galaxies based on their shape and structure is harder than it appears. Astronomers don't get to pick their viewpoint, so they may not see galaxies at the perfect angle needed to correctly identify them.

The universe contains about one hundred billion galaxies in gigantic groups called galaxy clusters. Clusters are portions of space where many galaxies, sometimes thousands, are concentrated. These clusters are themselves contained within colossal super clusters. Our galaxy is located on the edge of a super cluster in a smaller galaxy cluster called the Local Group. The Local Group includes 36 galaxies. The Milky Way, our galaxy, is one of the larger ones. Our solar system is located in a galaxy called the Milky Way. Seen from Earth, the Milky Way looks like a narrow strip of milky white, which is where it gets its evocative name. If we were to view it from outside, however, the Milky Way would look completely different. Seen in profile, it has a central bulb which contains tens of billions of stars around which spreads a thin disk, 100,000 light years in diameter. This disk is formed of long trails of stars coiled into a spiral and called spiral arms. Each arm has a different name. For instance, one is called the center arm and another is called the swan arm. Our solar system is in the Orion arm, 28,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way. Its closest neighbors are the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. Much farther away, 2.3 million light years from the Milky Way, is the Andromeda Galaxy, and 2.7 million light years away is Galaxy M33. In total, the Local Group extends over almost 6 million light years.

A galaxy is a collection of several billion stars and interstellar matter isolated in space. Galaxies can be very different in terms of shape. According to the classifications established by the astronomer Edwin Hubble in the 1920s, galaxies have four main shapes. Spiral galaxies are the most common. More than one out of every two galaxies are of this shape. Spiral galaxies have a central core from which curved arms spiral outward. The Andromeda galaxy, which is very similar to our galaxy, The Milky Way, is a typical spiral galaxy. Elliptical galaxies, which account for about 15 percent of all galaxies, form a perfect sphere or an ellipse, flattened to some degree. One example of an elliptical galaxy is NGC 4486, which is 60 million light years away from Earth. Lens galaxies are a bit more common than elliptical galaxies. They have a large flattened core. Galaxy M102 in the Dragon constellation has this characteristic shape.

Finally, three to five percent of galaxies are irregular in shape. The Large Magellan cloud, which is a neighbor of the Milky Way, is a good example of an irregular galaxy. It is estimated that the universe has a total of a hundred billion galaxies, each containing an average of one hundred billion stars. Before exploring the structure of a galaxy, let's first discuss how the first galaxies were formed. It's a mystery nearly as old as time itself. Scientists cannot say for certain what was taking

place in space during the beginning of the universe, but like good detectives they can examine the clues left behind. Scientists make predictions on what may have happened using their current observations of the universe. From what scientists know about gravity, it is likely that the gravitational pull between stars was responsible for bringing them closer together. These stars would form clusters that eventually became the first galaxies. Smaller galaxies would often merge with one another. This is how scientists believe our galaxy, the Milky Way, was formed. They predict it was due to the collision of two smaller galaxies. There are billions of galaxies in the universe. Each galaxy is filled with billions of stars. Galaxies can be classified by their physical appearance. Are there spiraling arms around the center? Is the galaxy the shape of a sphere? These are some questions one can use to help determine the type of galaxy. No matter their shape, the galaxies were all formed with the help of gravity. This includes the Milky Way, our spiral galaxy.

Assessment

1. Samantha said that most galaxies in the universe are irregular-shaped galaxies. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use information from the passage to support your answer.

2. Which statement describes the formation of galaxies?

A. They begin in nebulas.

B. Heat and gases contract.

C. Gravity causes stars to cluster.

D. Dust and gases contract.

3. An unknown galaxy has a disk at its center and arms that spiral from its core. Which of the following classifications would best fit this galaxy's description?

A. Irregular

B. Spiral

C. Lens

D. Elliptical

4. Which statement describes the structure of the Milky Way galaxy?

A. An elliptical flattened disk

B. A bulging core with irregular stars around it

C. A large flattened core at the center

D. A core with spiral arms

5. Juan said our solar system is located very close to the center of the Milky Way galaxy, outside of the spiraling arms.

Do you agree or disagree with his statement? Use information from the reading to support your answer.

6. How are galaxies classified?

7. What is the structure of our galaxy?