05 module managing your network enviornment

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

• Gather information about neighbor devices.

• Gather information about remote devices.

• Create a simple network diagram to document the network.

• Determine the location from which a configuration and IOS image will be loaded

Cisco Discovery Protocol

Upper-Layer

Entry Addresses

Cisco Proprietary Data-Link Protocol

Media Supporting SNAP

TCP/IP Novell IPX

Apple Talk Others

CDP discovers and shows information about directly connected Cisco devices

LANsFrame Relay ATM Others

• A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directly connected switches, router and other Cisco devices.• CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of which protocol suit they are running.• Physical media must support the Sub network Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation.

Discovering Neighbors with CDPRuns on routers with Cisco IOS 10.3 or later and Cisco switches and hubs.

Summary information includes:

• Device identifiers

• Address list

• Port identifier

• Capabilities list

• Platform

CDP

CDP

CDP

Using CDP

Switch A Switch BRouter A Router B

RouterA#sh cdp ?

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

Entry information for specific neighbor entryInterface CDP interface status and configuration

Traffic CDP statisticsneighbors CDP neighbor entries

<cr>

RouterA(config)#no cdp runRouterA(config)#interface serial0RouterA(config)#no cdp enable

Using the show cdp neighbor Command


RouterA#sh cdp neighbors

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

Capability codes: R – Router, T- Trans Bridge, B – Source Route Bridge

S – Switch, H – Host, I – IGMP, r - RepeaterDevice ID Local Interface Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1

SwitchA0050bd855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2

Switch also provides its Mac address

Using the show cdp entry Command


RouterA#sh cdp entry

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

Device ID: RouterBEntry address(es):IP address: 10.1.1.2

Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): SerialHoldtime : 168 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 080-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye

Additional CDP Commands


RouterA#sh cdp traffic

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

CDP counters :

Packets output: 56, Input: 38Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0

RouterA#sh cdp interface

BRIO is administratively down, line protocol is downEncapsulation HDLCSending CDP packets every 60 secondsHoldtime is 180 seconds

Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices


RouterA# telnet 10.2.2.2

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open

Catalyst 1900 Management Console

All rights reserved.Copyright © Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998

Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40PCA Number: 73-2239-06PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8KModel Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ

SwitchB>

Remote device

Viewing Telnet Connections


RouterA#sh session

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

Conn Host IP Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2

RouterA#sh user

Line User Host(s) Idle Location0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3

10.3.3.2 211 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2

Suspending a Telnet Session


RouterB#<Ctr1-Shift-6>x

10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

RouterA#sh session

Conn Host IP Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2

RouterA#resume 1

RouterB#

Closing a Telnet Session


10.3.3.210.3.3.1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2

S1

S0

RouterA#disconnect Closing the current

Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm] session opened by you

RouterA#clear line 11 Closing a session opened by a remote device[confirm]

[OK]

Using the Ping and trace Commands

Router##ping 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Router#trace 10.1.1.10

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =4/4/4 ms

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10

1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec

Router#

Test connectivity and path to remote device

Router Power on/Bootup Sequence

• Power on self test (POST)

• Load and run bootstrap code

• Find the IOS software

• Load the IOS software

• Find the configuration

• Load the configuration

• Run

Router Internal Components

RAM

Flash

ROM

NVRAM

Config register

Interfaces

ROM Functions

ROM

Bootstrap

POST

Mini IOSROM

monitorConsole

Contains microcode for basic function

Show version

Finding the IOS

Console

NVRAM

Config register

Startup-config

Show

show

versionFlash

Order of search:• Check configuration register• Parse config in NVRAM• Default to first file in flash• Attempt net boot• RXBOOT• ROMMON

IOS

Configuration Register ValuesRouter#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102[Ctrl-Z]Router#reload

• Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1 and 0 set boot option

• Check configuration register value with show version.

Configuration Register Boot Field Value

Meaning

0x0

0x1

0x2 to 0xF

Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b

command)Automatically boot from

ROM (Provides IOS subset)Examine NVRAM for boot system

commands (0x2 default if router has flash)

Loading the IOS from Flash

IOS

RAM

IOS

Flash

Console

Flash file is decompressed into RAM

Show flash

Loading the Configuration

Config

IOS

RAM

Config

NVRAM

Console

Setup utility

Show running-config

startup-config

Show

• Load and execute config from NVRAM

• If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode

Sources of Configuration

Config

RAM

Config

NVRAM

ConsoleBlank 000000000000TFTP

server

copy start tftp

copy tftp start

erase start

copy run tftp

copy tftp run

config term(merge

)

copy startup running(merge)

copy running startup

• NVRAM• Terminal• TFTP server• Erase Start

RAM NVRAM

Flash

TFTPserver

Cisco IOS Systems and Devices

tftp:

nvram:

system:

flash:

Managing IOS Images

Network server

Network server

Router

FLASH

c2500-js-1_120-3.bin

Preparing for a Network Backup Image

Network serverRouter

c2500-js-1_120-3.bin

• Check access to the server• Check space available on the server• Check file naming convention• Check file on server if required

Network server

FLASH

Creating a Software Image Backup

Wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp

Source filename []? c2500-js-1_120-3.bin

Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1

Destination file name [C2500-js-1_120-3.bin]?

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<output omitted>10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)

Wg_ro_a#

Back up current files prior to updating flash

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files:Continue? [confirm]

Upgrading the Image from the Net

Network server

FLASH

Wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash

Source filename []? c2500-js-1_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]?

Destination file name [c2500-js-1_120-3.bin]?Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-1_120-3.bin...

[output omitted]

Wg_ro_a#

• Erase Flash occurs before loading new image

Erase flash:before copying? [confirm]

Erasing device... Eeeee(output omitted) ...erased Erase of flash: completeLoading c2500-js-1_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0):!!!!!!!!!!

10084696 bytes copied in 309.1088 secs (32636 bytes/sec)

[OK – 10084696/20168704 bytes]Verifying checksum... Or (0x9AA0)

• Note message that image already exists

Determining the current configuration Register Value

Wg_ws_a # show version

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS™ 2500 software { c2500 _js_L} , version 12.0(3) , RELEASE SOFTWARE { fci}

Copyright {c} 1986_1999 by cisco Systems ,Inc.

compiled Mon 18_Feb_99 18:18 by Phanguye

Image text_base: 0x03050c84 . Data _base: 0x00001000

ROM : system Bootstrap , version 11.0 SOFTWARE

Bootflash : 3000 bootstrap software (IGS_BOOT_R), version 11.0 (10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE {fci}

wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes

system restarted by reload

system image file is “ flash : c2500_js_l_120_3.bin”

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configuration register is 0x 2102

Show Flash Command

Wg_ws_a # show flash

system flash directory:

File Length Name/Status

1 10084696 c2500_js_ l_120_3. Bin

[ 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available , 16777216 total }

1638k bytes of processor board system flash { read only}

Show running and show

startup commandsWg_ro_c#show running-config

building configuration:

!

Version 12.0

!

- - More - -

Wg_ro_c#show startup-config

using 1359 out of 32762 bytes

!

Version 12.0

- - More - -

In RAM In NVRAM













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Router Start-up Flow Chart

Documents

05 module managing your network enviornment