Real Soils
• nonlinear – stress is not proportional to strain
• elastoplastic – strain is not fully recovered upon unloading
• viscoelastic – stress-strain response is time dependent
• nonconservative – stress-strain response is history dependent
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.3a
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.3b
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Coefficient of volume change∆∆ ′
Figure 8.4a
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Constrained Modulus∆ ′∆
M
1
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Coefficient of compressibility∆∆ ′
Figure 8.4b
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.5a
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.5b
freewater
surface
Effective stressNeutral stressTotal stress
´ = u = wd = wd
lakebed
d
freewater
surface
z
Effective stressNeutral stressTotal stress
´ = ´zu = w(z+d) = satz + w(z+d)
lakebed
d
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.8
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.6
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
8
9
10
11
12
13
CL
CL
ML
CH
SP
CH
Figure 8.9a
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.15a
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.9c
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.9d
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.9h
(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)
Figure 8.9h