061211 Parliament A4 En

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URBAN DEVELOPMENT MODELFORMER ATHENS AIRPORT–AGIOS KOSMAS SEA FRONT

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TABLE of CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW OF THE SITE

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Location

1.3 Current Situation

2. HELLINIKON S.A. | GUIDELINES

2.1 High Quality Park - Model Development

2.2 Integration in the Urban Fabric and Nature

2.3 Sustainability

2.4 Competiveness

3. URBAN DEVELOPEMENT MODEL

3.1 Strategy 1 : Parks and Open Spaces

3.2 Strategy 2 : Mobility Networks

3.3 Strategy 3 : Mixed - Use Urban Development

3.4 Strategy 4 : Sustainable Construction: Principles and suggested technologies

4. DURATION OF THE PROJECT AND PHASING

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1. | OVERVIEW of the SITE _ TIMELINE of KEY MILESTONES

2011 HELLINIKON SA

1938

The Athens Airport opens in Helliniko, a southern Athens suburb and the West Terminal building is inaugurated.

1969

The East Terminal building, designed by Finnish - American architect Eero Saarinen, is inaugurated, a unique example of architecture.

1995

ATH

ENS

2004

German company Hochtief is selected for the construction and co-ownership of the new Athens International Airport at Spata.

The Olympic Games sports of Canoe/Kayak slalom, field Hockey, Baseball, Softball, Fencing and Sailing are hosted in venues built at the area of the Former Helliniko Airport and at Agios Kosmas coastal front site.

2001

2005

German company Hochtief is selected for the construction and co-ownership of the new Athens International Airport at Spata.

Architect D.Serero, architect Ε.Fernandez and Landscape architect P. Coignet win the1st prize of the international architectural ideas competition for the “Hellenikon Metropolitan Park and Urban Development”.

Hellinikon SA is established, a société anonym responsible of the administration, management and exploitation of the land, premises and facilities of the former Athens Airport of Hellinikon andAgios Kosmas Coastal Front.

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1. | OVERVIEW of the SITE _ VIEWS

Image (1.1). Panoramic View of the Site during the Airport Operation, before 2004 Image (1.2). Panoramic View - November 2011.

Image (1.3). Panoramic View of Agios Kosmas Coastal Front and Former Airport Site - November 2011.

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1.1. Introduction

The former Athens airport in Hellinikon is a property of strategic impor-

tance with unique features (Fig. 1.4). It is near the Athens International

Airport (27 km, to be shortened when the new tunnel to the airport is con-

structed), the Greek Islands (by air and/or by sea), and to world-famous

archaeological sites. It has a moderate Mediterranean climate with warm,

dry summers and mild winters, without extreme temperatures or sudden

weather changes. The site’s size and location present unique urban regen-

eration and development potential for establishing a sea gate to Athens

and a metropolitan hub in the eastern Mediterranean (Fig. 1.5).

The proper development of the site could create a landmark to transform

Athens into a hub of international significance as well as a model of con-

temporary urban planning.

Figure (1.4). The site of Hellinikon Metropolitan Pole within Greece.

* Indicative Flight Hours.

Figure (1.5). The site of Hellinikon Metropolitan Pole within the greater area of

Mediterranean region.

* Indicative Flight Hours.

1. | OVERVIEW of the SITE

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1.2 Location

The property is located 10 km southwest of the center of Athens. It has an

area of approximately 6,200,000 m2 and a 3.5 km open stretch along the

Athenian coastline that includes a currently operational 337-berth marina

(Fig. 1.7).

ACROPOLISHILL & MUSEUM

SNCCSTAVROS NIARCHOS

CULTURAL Center

HELLINIKON METROPOLITAN

POLE

POSEIDONOS AV.

VOULIAGMENIS AV.

SIGGROU AV.

KALLIMARMARON STADIUMLYCABETTUS

HILL

PIREUS PORT

city center

10 km to Athens center

10 km. to Pireus Port

27 km. to Athens International Airport “El.Venizelos”

Figure (1.6). Position and Accessibility of Hellinikon Metropolitan Pole within the greater area of Athens.

Figure (1.7). Analysis of Land Area Size (FormerAirport Site and Agios Kosmas Coastal Front Site)


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Central Park, New York, U.S.A. ~ 3.410.000 m2

Hyde Park & Kensington Gardens, London, G.B.~ 2.530.000m2

Parc de la Villette, Paris, France.

~ 550.000m2

54%

40%

9%

Hellinikon Former Airport &

Agios Kosmas Coast.

~ 6.200.000 m2

Figure (1.8). Indication of Site’s size in comparison with other metropolitan parks.

The site is approximately twice the size of Central Park in New York City, (Fig. 1.8,Fig. 1.9) and three times the size of Monaco with a coastline of the same

length as Monaco and a marina of similar size to Monaco’s (Fig. 1.10).


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Antonis Tritsis Park, Athens.~ 1.200.000 m2.

Pedion Areos (excluding Evelpidon Park), Athens.~ 270.000 m2

National Garden (excluding Zappeion Garden)~ 160.000 m2

19%

4,3%

2,6%Figure (1.9). Indication of Site’s size in comparison with other athenian parks.

Hellinikon Former Airport &

Agios Kosmas Coast

~ 6.200.000 m2


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Land Area Size Analysis of Monaco:total area size: 1.980.000 m2

total surface of built area: 856012 m2 43,23% of the total Monaco Areatotal surface of green areas: 364849,57m2 18,42% of the total Monaco Areatotal area of marina & port: 205084,45 m2 10,35% of the total Monaco Areaseafront length: 3182,75 m.

Figure (1.10). Understanding the Scale: in comparison with Monaco


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1.3 Current Situation

The continuous addition of land uses within the property during the last

60 years, without proper planning, has led to the separation of the site

into disconnected segments. As a result, today it appears deserted and

neglected (Fig. 1.11) while forming an inaccessible mass within the urban

fabric of the neighbouring municipalities and between Mount Hymettus

and the coastline. 65% of the surface of the former airport is covered by

impermeable materials and many of the existing buildings are unusable

(Fig. 1.12).

natural surfaces ~

35%

paved surfaces ~

65%

Figure (1.11). Existing Infrastructure and Entrances to the Former Airport Site.

Figure (1.12). Surface Differentiation of Former Airport Area.

8 Public and Restricted entrances to the Former International Athens Airport

7 Former Olympic Games 2004 Venues480 Buildings and Infrastructure


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Figure (1.13). Old streams crossing the site, used to be a natural connection be-tween Hymettus mountain and the sea.1885 map showing the site limit within the greater area and the old streams when they were existing.

Source: UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK HEIDELBERG online archive

Figure (1.14). The site is a gap in the urban network and a natural gap between Hymettus mountain and the sea. Distance from the east limit of the site to the mountain foot is about 1,00 km.

“Hasani” is the toponymy that the central area of the former airport site had,during the long of Turkish Occupation.Etymologically,the term “Hasani” has the meaning of “Rough and Anomalous Land” and this is indicative of the geomorphologic character of the area before the establishment of the Airport*. It was a barren and rocky landthat was crossed by many streams.

*source: research program “Developement of the Area of the former Airport Site”

~ 1 km


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2. HELLINIKON S.A. – GUIDELINES

In March 2011, Hellinikon S.A. - Management and Development of Hell-

inikon Airport Land Property was established with the aim of exploiting and

developing the area of the former airport along with the adjacent coastal

zone and marina (Fig. 2.1). As the manager of the property, Hellinikon

S.A. has registered the ownership structure of the property, deals with the

main issues concerning the use, administration, and management of the

site, and creates the conditions for clearing title for future development.

Simultaneously, the company studies, analyzes, and composes possible

technical, urban planning, legal, and financial solutions, using parameteri-

zation to study alternative development scenarios.

In this context, the prior studies and proposals for the area as well as the

Master Plan of Athens currently under public discussion, have been prop-

erly analyzed. The existing land uses and buildings have been evaluated

and the property boundaries have been surveyed. Furthermore, Hellinikon

S.A. analyzed the physical boundaries, and the surrounding municipalities

and their needs.

All the research has led to the following urban design principal guidelines

for the implementation of this developmental project:

2.1 High Quality Park and Model Development

The formation of a world-class green, continuous park, with an incorpo-

rated network of recreational facilities and points of interest in relative

proximity, will promote the park as a safe and vibrant hub for the region.

Simultaneously, a sustainable urban development model will propose a

new lifestyle model by developing a network of footpaths, minimizing pri-

vate car use within the entire area.

2. | HELLINIKON S.A. - GUIDELINES

Figure (2.1).

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2.2 Integration into the Urban Fabric and the Wider Environment

The fragmented urban fabric will be restored by interconnecting the site

with the adjacent municipalities. Green corridors and streams will be re-

claimed in order to enrich the physical connections between Mount Hym-

ettus and the waterfront, thus linking the existing ecosystems and facili-

tating the flow of stormwater.

2.3 Sustainability

The project as a whole will follow an integrated approach to sustainabil-

ity. The objective is to boost the economy and create high-quality spaces

while minimizing the natural resources used, protecting and enhancing

the ecosystems in the region, and also raising awareness and educating

the general public on sustainability issues. As part of this integrated ap-

proach, specific interdisciplinary methodological tools and rating systems

will be used (Fig. 2.2). The rating systems will assist and then certify the

achievement of quantitative and qualitative targets set in accordance with

international standards. The medium- and long-term resource savings, to-

gether with the creation of high-quality spaces and infrastructure, will con-

tribute decisively to the competitiveness of the project and the emergence

of the region as a magnet for international development (Fig. 2.3).

The principles of sustainability will govern all scales of the project, in both

buildings and infrastructure.

social prosperity

green economic growth

protection of the environment

susta inabi l i t y

PHASING

DESIGN SCALES

soil

wat

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ener

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sour

ces

atm

osph

ere

heal

th &

com

fort

awar

enes

s

inno

vatio

n

PLANNING CONSTRUCTION OPERATION

INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING CLUSTERS BUILDING

CERT

IFIC

ATIO

N

Figure (2.2). Sustainability approach


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The aim of an upgraded and environmentally protected areaRecovery from a degraded situtation.

replacement of the covered inpern-able materials sur-faces with a park of 2.000.000sqm

reclamation of the streams

decontamination

- urban micro-climate- soil- underground water resources- biodiversity

- microclimate- ecosystems- public health

Figure (2.3). Recovery of the area.


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2.4 Competitiveness

The creation of unique high-quality spaces for tourism, research, and

health and business will enhance economic competitiveness and inte-

grate Athens into the “sunbelt” network of Mediterranean cities. Synergy

will be accomplished by providing high-level services with the use of inno-

vative state-of-the-art technologies.

In this context, the site of the former airport in Hellinikon has the potential

to operate as an urban project of international scope and at the same

time be an influential measure for upgrading Athens as a major economic,

environmental, and innovative developmental center.


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3. Urban Development Model

The urban development model (master plan) gives form to the vision and

objectives of Hellinikon S.A. by presenting an indicative urban design. The

parameterized land uses were selected after a systematic analysis of all

the previous approaches (Chart 1) by various researchers, taking into ac-

count the principal guidelines of the Athens Master Plan to be finalized by

2012. The parameterized positioning of the land uses took into account

the specific features of the site and the effect of each proposed use in the

wider region (Fig. 3.1).

The model is based on four main interrelated axes, capable of organizing

the unique scale of the project:

1. Parks and open spaces

2. Mobility networks

3. Mixed use urban development

4. Sustainable construction: principles and suggested technologies

3. | URBAN DEVELOPEMENT MODEL

Figure (3.1). The site within the greater area of the neighbouring municipalities

YMITTOS

VOULIAGMENIS Av.

POSEIDONOS Av.

ALIMOSMUNICIPALITY

HELLINIKONFORMER AIRPORT

AGIOS KOSMASSPORTS Center

AGIOS KOSMASMARINA

ARGIROUPOLI - HELLINIKO MUNICIPALITY

GLYFADA MUNICIPALITY

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3.1 Strategy 1: Parks and Open Spaces

Creating a financially viable and safe park

The main goal of the development is the creation of a sustainable green

space, safe, accessible, and open, which will be a key advantage in raising

the quality of life in the wider region.

Initially, the plan takes into consideration the physical characteristics of

the site and is based on the fundamental principle of “reviving” three

streams by creating three green corridors that connect Mount Hymettus

with the sea, thus restoring part of the local ecosystem (see Figs. 3.2 -

3.3).

The main body of the park is positioned at the north-eastern side of the

site, where most of the unpaved area is located. The park is combined

with two of the streams, allowing the connection of the park with the

coast. Furthermore, the principle of free access to the coastline area is

introduced.

A key concept of the park, apart from its location, is its shape. Instead of

a simple geometrical shape, e.g. a circle (Fig. 3.4), a starfish-shape was

selected in order to maximize the perimeter (Fig. 3.5), multiplying the pos-

sibilities for interaction with the park. Thus, the park’s accessibility and

Figure (3.2). Connection with Hymettus Figure (3.3). “Reviving” three streams Figure (3.4). Location of the Park


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the feeling of security are increased, due to its greater proximity to built

areas. The starfish-shape also allows the park to enter the city, intercon-

nects adjacent areas (Fig. 3.6), and extends the zone of influence to the

surrounding land uses, by favoring the quality and value of the surround-

ing properties as much as the function of the park itself. This shape also

increases the potential for a more interesting approach in terms of land-

scape architecture.

An additional goal for the park is to synthesize the different qualities of

the Mediterranean landscape so that diverse ecosystems can be created,

helping to reach a new ecological and urban equilibrium (Fig. 3.7). An

essential prerequisite for the achievement of this goal is the use of in-

digenous plants that blend with the Attic landscape both pictorially and

functionally. These plants grow naturally in the specific climate and re-

quire only moderate care. The planting layout will follow and enhance the

functional needs of the park and the surrounding area in general through

diversified plant density. It will also underline the orientation towards the

sea by providing a suitable landscape succession.

Figure (3.5). The dynamic form/concept of a “starfish”

Figure (3.6). Proximity and easy accessibility, safety and differentiation of views are some of the design potentials that the “starfish” shape of the park offers.


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Figure (3.7). Referential images indicating the various qualities of mediterranean vegetation typology that can be planted into the Parks

Linear and dense planting on the bank of the streamsDifferentiation of the Topography Water reservoirs

Planting of Trees

Planting cluster of shrubs as a design syntesis tool for circulation and for constructing topography

Planting of the coastal zone

Planning of Grass Surfaces and possible meadows

Streams

Park

Coastal front


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3.2 Strategy 2: Mobility Networks

Strengthening pedestrian traffic and public transportation use; inte-

gration with the adjacent municipalities.

Unhindered pedestrian traffic within the site and integration with the

surrounding regions are among the main aims of the project. The three

streams determine the orientation of the network of pedestrian zones

(Fig. 3.8). This network has points of interest or services positioned on a

grid of 300 x 300 meters at intervals of 4 to 5 minutes’ walking distance

to develop uses of local and/or regional importance and encourage pe-

destrian and bicycle traffic (Fig. 3.9).

It is proposed that Poseidonos Avenue be moved inland, using the infra-

structure of the former runway, to minimize the environmental impact (Fig.

3.10). This alternative increases the size of the land adjacent to the wa-

terfront, thus increasing the commercial and investment value of the site.

Simultaneously the accessibility of the interior of the site is increased and

Poseidonos Avenue maintains a uniform traffic pattern along its length

(Fig. 3.11).

In order to serve the metropolitan uses located on the boundaries of the

park, some new main arteries are defined as well as local roads that will

integrate the site with the surrounding municipalities (Fig. 3.12) and give

Figure (3.9). Networks of the Pedestrian & Bicycle paths and proximities of points of interests on a grid of 300 m.

Figure (3.8). The spatial growth of the streams indicate the orientation of the pedestrian grid.

4 m

in.

8 m

in12

min


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POSEIDONOS Av.

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Figure (3.10). Alternative locations of Poseidonos avenue - Extension of Tram line.

Poseidonos Av. : current path.

Poseidonos Av. alternative A: location change.

m

current tram line

propable future extension of tram network

tram depot

m

Poseidonos Av. alternative B: undergrounding part of it.

RAMP

a sense of continuity in the fragmented urban network.

Provision of adequate parking spaces throughout the site and improve-

ment of its mass transit connections will lead to reduced car use within

the site, while stimulating the residents of Athens’s southern suburbs to

park in the developed parking lots and reach the city center by mass tran-

sit.

Figure (3.11). Main circulation axes of the site.

Figure (3.12). Integration of the local roads of the neighbouring munici-palities to the new urban circulation network.

RAMP


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POSEIDONOS Av.

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ARGIROUPOLI - HELLINIKO

MUNICIPALITY


MUNICIPALITY


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slalom lake

tram depot&tram line

architect:Eero Saarinen listed building of former East terminal

baseball stadium

open air theatrebyzantine temple

former aircraft runways

aviationhangars

AgiaParaskevi church

index of Archaelogical Sites

1. Ancient Tomb of Hellinikon2. Ancient Main Axe (Area of Agios Kosmas)3. “Astinos Alimosios” Sign4. , 5. Ancient side-river infrastructures (walls, well, tomb, road)

6. Ancient Tomb and Yard (area of tram depot)7. Hill Hasani8. Ancient Cemetery (Argiroupoli metro station)9. Ancient quarry10. Agios Kosmas byzantine Temple

Figure (3.13). Preserved elements -

Listed Buildings & Archaeological Sites


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Strategy 3: Mixed-Use Urban Development

Encouraging mixed uses to create a vibrant park 24/7

The rationally networked location of interdependent uses is a key param-

eter for the sustainability of both the park and the projected activities,

turning the site into a safe and vibrant attraction for the region.

Existing elements, landmarks of the former airport, such as the traces of

the old runways and listed buildings (Fig. 3.13), are integrated into the new

program, together with the above-mentioned mobility networks, and form

the new land uses. The chosen land uses will constitute unique models,

in order to form poles of attraction and encourage continuous evolution.

The parameterized land use types are organized in five categories (Fig.

3.14):

1. A network of parks, open spaces and athletic spaces

• A metropolitan park

• Streams

• Open public spaces

• A beachfront park

• Green buffer zones

• Sports facilities


am

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infra

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road

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park

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aces

Figure (3.14). Mixed Use program - General categories

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2. World class amenities

• Educational institutions

• Research center

• Health center

• Museums and other cultural facilities

• Convention center

• Business and maritime center

• Tourist facilities

• Marina

3. Commerce and leisure area

4. Residential areas

• Various types of residences

• Second home district

• Specialized services

5. Infrastructure and roads

• Local administrative services

• Regional telecommunications center

• Exemplary environmental management centers

• Facilities for ephemeral events

• Social amenities, operational infrastructure, etc.


Figure (3.15). Amenities concerning Health and Provision, Commerce, and Business centers are planned across the main circulation axes.

Figure (3.16). Culture, Education and Research facilities are dispersed throughout the site area.

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commerce

business

business

health

mixed use

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education

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lakeinternational

museumresearch

aquarium

open theatreEeroSaarinenbuilding

sports

sports

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International examples prove that these land uses are appropriate for

turning an area into a vibrant center, constantly in use and therefore safer.

The health center, the business centers, and the commercial facilities are

located near the main arteries so as to be easily accessible (Fig. 3.15).

The development of selected zones for high-rise building helps to maxi-

mize the open space.

The cultural facilities are spread in various locations within the site (Fig.

3.16): a world-class museum is located on the eastern boundaries of the

park, a big aquarium is located by the seaside, and the listed building of

the former East Terminal (designed by Finnish architect Eero Saarinen)

will be used as an expo center, supporting the operation of adjacent edu-

cational and research facilities.

The coastal zone is part of the wider seafront of Athens (from Piraeus to

Hellinikon), which is intended to be turned into a magnet for international

tourism. In that context, the convention center will have high capacity and

will be targeted at different types of events than those served by the exist-

ing venues in Athens. The high-capacity marina docks large yachts and

will be supported by luxury hotels and a leisure and mixed-use commercial

zone (Fig. 3.17).

The residential areas are located adjacent to the park, in a highly desir-

able environment. Furthermore, the presence of nearby residences in-

creases the sense of security in the park (Fig. 3.18).

The individual uses have been located so as to interact positively with

each other and with the neighbouring communities.


Figure (3.17). Tourism facilities, as well as commerce and leisure uses are planned across the coastal front and the marina

Figure (3.18). The residential clusters are planned in neighbouring with the park and open space areas, so as benefit from the green sites and simultaneously create a safe high quality place

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residence

convention center

residence

touristic pole

touristic pole

touristic pole

touristic pole

commerce leisure

residence residence

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3.4 Strategy 4: Sustainable Construction: Principles and Indicative

Technologies

Keeping environment, economic growth, and social wellbeing in balance

The performance of the buildings and the infrastructure will be certified

based on specific rating systems. These systems provide:

- Specific technical guidelines for the stages of design, construction, and

operation.

- A common frame of policies and regulation.

- Reduction of running costs and maintenance.

- Increase of the market value and competitiveness of the investment.

- Education of the public and building sector professionals on the advan-

tages of sustainable facilities.

- Boosting of the demand for sustainable “green” products and services

and subsequent growth of the related market.

Provisions have been made for the construction of specific infrastructure

in the sectors of energy, water supply, sewage, waste treatment, trans-

portation, landscape, and information technology (Fig. 3.19). These will

include installations of renewable energy sources, grey water reuse, com-

posting, bicycle traffic paths, use of renewable materials, and construc-

tion of smart grids (Fig. 3.20).i

design of sustainable buildings

renewable energy sources

smart grid networks

bicycle lanes

upgrading public spaces

eco - friendly infrastructure and buildings

sustainable developement

balance of the natural environment

rational exploitation of natural resources

recycling

accessibility and proximities of facilities

social prosperity

public green open spaces

minimize CO2 emissions

safety

pedestrians paths

Figure (3.19).


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The buildings should comply with high standards and specifications con-

cerning energy efficiency, water consumption, material use, occupant

health and comfort, and landscaping (Fig. 3.22). The specifications will

include applications of renewable energy sources, bioclimatic design, use

of natural and durable materials, provisions for natural ventilation and

lighting, improvement of micro-climatic conditions and use of smart build-

ing management systems (BMS).

Figure (3.20). Implementation of sustainability principles in infrastructures.

Figure (3.22). Implementation of sustainable principles in buildings.

Figure (3.21). General Layout of irrigation infrastructure in the greater area of Elaionas, Falirikon Bay and Hellinikon former Airport.Source: Andreas Nikolopoulos, Consulting Engineer in Hydraulics.


Particular emphasis is given to the irrigation water supply, especially due

to the size of the park. Specifically, the water used for irrigation, recrea-

tion ponds, and other urban-level uses, excluding drinking water, will be

obtained from processed sewage waste of the greater Athens region (Fig.

3.21). Preliminary drillings in 2003 at the site of the former airport indi-

cated that the water quality is adequate for irrigation but quantities are

limited. Consequently overpumping could lead to the intake of saline wa-

ter in the aquifer.Waste Water Management Centers in the greater area of AttikaIndicative Planning of Disposal, Management and Re-use Waste Water Centers, for irrigation of urban and suburban green spaces (excluding potable water) in Faliro, Helliniko and Agios Kosmas Waste water management center

Central sewage and other waste water pipes Proposed pipe

Existing water reservoir of 5.000 m3 and constructed irrigation networks

HellinikonMetropolitan Pole

Ecological ParkFaliron Olympic Center

Stavros Niarchos Cultural CenterPsitalia Water Man-

agement Center

Thriasseio Water Management Center

Metamorfosi water management Center

Prosposed Water management Center in Elaionas

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4. | DURATION of the PROJECT AND PHASING

This is a long-term project, and the implementation phases will depend

on the market’s demand. The development model of Hellinikon S.A. has

created a system of priority zones and sub-phasing (shown indicatively in

Fig. 4.1 & 4.2). This provides a flexible tool of organizing the sequence and

time development of the area according to market’s demand and cost

availability. The analysis of the development’s financial facts considers

time as a fundamental parameter.

The former Hellinikon Airport area with its sub-areas of Agios Kosmas

coastal zone constitute a unique site and an excellent opportunity for a

multi-level development project, with national benefits and an internation-

al appeal.

Figure (4.1). Possible spatial units for the phasing of the project

Figure (4.2). Possible spatial units for the sub-phasing of the project

Documents

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