06Jan FebOTFNL

8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL

1/28

39th Annual Ohio Turfgrass Conference & ShowContinuing the Tradition of Success!

TurfNews

WHATS INSIDE: Golf Course TIPSSee Page 15Sports Turf TIPSSee Pages 12 - 14OTF CONFERENCE & SHOWSee Pages 4 - 5

T H E N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E O H I O T U R F G R A S S F O U N D A T I O N

Volume 68 No. 1January - February 2006


2/28


3/28

MESSAGE PRESIDENTFROMTHE

If you missed the OTF Conference and Showshame on you! An incredible keynote address

by Olympic gold medalist, Rulon Gardner,

was followed by an awesome educational

conference and an exciting trade show. The

conference offered something for everybody

in the turf industry from golf, sports turf and

lawn care to general lawn and landscape

management and even organic landscape

care. It was a great opportunity to get a boat-

load of pesticide certification credits. My hats

off to the Education Committee!

Oh, and dont forget the great opportunity to see the newest products

and meet with suppliers on the tradeshow floor. Our new sports lounges

generated a lot of interest and I never had so much fun at the live auction!

Thanks to all the auction donors and especially to Dr. Street for giving up his

sideline passes for the Penn State and Michigan football games. The Trade

Show committee did an awesome job!

Even as we work harder and harder to keep the OTF Conference and

Show the premier turfgrass event in the country, there is something

missing ... YOU. Without you, our turfgrass professionals and our industry

suppliers, OTF cannot accomplish its mission of supporting turfgrass

research and scholarship. Our challenge for the future is to continue tomake the conference and show even better, while at the same time pursue

other opportunities and find new revenue sources to support our mission.

While we have relied in the past on support from within our industry, we

will be seeking support from all of those who benefit from the turfgrasses

that surround us where we live, work and play. Yes, the golfing public,

homeowners, soccer moms, athletes, commercial property managers, etc.

all have a stake in what we stand for ... BETTER TURF. As we go forward

with these initiatives, the Board will need your help.

Sine this is my last Presidents message, I want to express my gratitude to

all the Board members, past and present, who have made OTF such a great

organization. Their efforts support a very worthwhile cause, not to mentionthe livelihood of those of us in this great industry! It has been an honor

to serve on the Board. We could not accomplish our goals without the

professional management, support and dedication we receive from Kevin

Thompson and the Offinger Management Company ... Thank you! And

finally, Im confident that incoming President, Glen Pottinger and the Board

will keep OTF headed in the right direction. Good luck in your endeavors!

Chuck Darrah

2005 President, OTF

2005President

Recognized

Outgoing 2005 OTF President Chuck Darrah

was honored for his contributions to Ohios

turfgrass industry at this years Annual Awards

Banquet. Darrah was presented a plaque and

personal gift by Vice President, Glen Pottenger

who thanked Chuck for his many years o

dedicated service to OTF.

Chuck Darrah has served on the OTF Board

of Directors since 1993. He has served on the

Program Development Committee since 1994

while also volunteering his time on nearly al

other OTF committees. He also serves as Trustee

on the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Board o

Directors.

Chuck holds a Ph.D. in agronomy from Cornel

University. He was an Assistant Professor of

Agronomy and Extension Turf Specialist a

the University of Maryland from 1976-79. He

was a Senior Research Scientist for Chem-

lawn Services Corp. and Director of Technica

Service at Chemlawn from 1982-1990. Chuc

has been a member of many Green Industry

trade associations and is Past President o

Ohio Lawn Care Association. He is currently

the President of CLC LABS, a soil testing and

green industry consulting group. OTF thanks

Chuck for his dedication and hard work serving

as President in 2005.

THE CHALLENGES THAT LAY AHEAD


4/28

4

OTF CONFERENCE & SHOWCONTINUING THE TRADITION OF SUCCESS!

2005


5/28

Trade Show Wrap-UpOTF Conference & Show - Your Professional Growth Stimulator!

That was the theme of the 2005 Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show.

And nearly 2800 turfgrass professionals took advantage of the

opportunity to stimulate their professional growth by attending the

39th annual conference and show sponsored by OTF and OSU.

They were treated to over 90 hours of educational sessions and atrade show featuring nearly 500 booths from more than 200 leading

turfgrass suppliers.

Keynote Speaker Rulon Gardner kicked off the conference with a

fun yet important message about overcoming obstacles in life.

The Olympic Gold Medalist Gardner spoke to an audience of more

than 800 before signing autographs for 2 hours in sponsor

Syngentas booth.

The Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT) raised more than $17,000

at its annual auction and thanks to all the vendors and members

that donated time, products and generosity. The Live Auction

continues to raise funds to support the scholarships and turf-

grass research funding for OTRT. Thank you! A special thanks to Joe

Enciso and Glen Pottenger for helping organize and run the auction

and reverse raffle.

At this years Annual Awards Banquet, OTF awarded $25,000 in

student scholarships and $137,000 in research grants to the OSU

Turfgrass Science program. OTFs highest annual awards were

presented to Ronald Coyle, Superintendent, Northwood Hills Country

Club, who received a Professional Excellence Award. Al Muhle,

retired superintendent received the 2005 OTF Professional of the Year for his commitment to Ohios turfgrass industry (please see

related article on page 9). Congratulations Ron, Al and all the 2005

student scholarship recipients.

Allied organizations such as the Ohio Lawn Care Association,

Ohio Sports Turf Managers Association and Ohio Sod Producers

Association held their annual meetings in conjunction with the

conference and show. The collaborative relationship among these

allied industry groups helps make Ohios turfgrass industry what it

is. Many thanks to the trade show committee, including; Joe Enciso,

Doug Gallant, Alan Mark, Glen Pottenger, Scott Robinson, George

Furrer, Tom Haslinger, Ken Renner, Randy Shaver, Todd Voss and

Gregg Schaner for its guidance and organization of this great event!

Plans are already underway for the 2006 Ohio Turfgrass Conference

& Show. Mark your calendar now for December 5-7 in Columbus!

Please feel free to contact us with ideas or suggestions on how

we can continue to make this the biggest and best turfgrass

event in the country. You can reach OTF at 888-683-3445 or

[email protected].

OTF SHOWMakes Impression

on State Senator

OTF was pleased to welcome Ohio Senator

Larry Mumper at Decembers Ohio Turfgrass

Conference & Show. Senator Mumper was joined

by green industry lobbyist Belinda Jones, Capitol

Consulting Group and members of the OTF and

OLCA boards of directors.

Upon spending time visiting the trade show

Senator Mumper commented on the impressive

size and scope of the trade show, and also with

the professionalism of the turfgrass industry in

Ohio. This was important visibility for Ohios

turfgrass industry, especially considering that

Senator Mumper is the current chairman of the

Senate Agriculture Committee.

One of OTFs many public relations goals is

to generate awareness with prominent state

legislators and to advocate on behalf of Ohios

turfgrass industry to the General Assembly.

Having influential legislators spend their time

visiting with OTF members and exhibitors is a

great start. OTF hopes to continue to generate

favorable visibility with our legislators and plans

to invite members of Ohios governing body to the

2006 Conference & Show.


6/28

6

2005 ScholarshipsPresented Awarding scholarships to turfgrass students at Ohio schoolsand universities is an important function of the Ohio TurfgrassFoundation. OTF has awarded more than $425,000 in studentscholarships since 1964.

OTF presented scholarships to the following turfgrass students

from around Ohio, including the annual Don Sweda and GeorgeBiddulph Memorial Scholarships.

Weston Appelfeller, OSU Matthew Canterbury, Clark State Community College Brandon Franz, OSU/ATI John Gruneisen, OSU Russell Horn, OSU Craig Lung, Cincinnati State College Brian McGuire, Columbus State Community College Galen Miller, Clark State Community College Charles Spreng, OSU/ATI

OTF Memorial Scholarships were presented to exceptional

students deserving special recognition for their outstandingaccomplishments in school, work and the community. The

2005 recipients were:

John Koenig, OSU George Biddulph Memorial Scholarship Ryan Beeson, OSU Don Sweda Memorial Scholarship

OTF Awards, Grants & Scholarships Committee chair Glen Pottengepresented an additional $10,000 in scholarships to four studentswho received the 2005 Ronald D. Baker Memorial ScholarshipsThe Ronald D Baker Memorial Scholarship of the Dayton Foundationwas established in 1993 in honor of Ronald D. Baker, a past chairmanof Leisure Lawn, Inc., who believed in the necessity of continuededucational opportunities for all individuals. The Fund providesscholarships to students at The Ohio State University pursuinga degree in Turfgrass Management. In 2001, OTRT was grantedthe privilege of awarding these scholarships on behalf of theBaker family.

Congratulations to the following four students for receiving

the 2005 R.D. Baker Memorial Scholarships:

Ian Gallagher, OSU Keith Meikle, OSU/ATI Matt Martin, OSU/ATI Zachary Wike, OSU/ATI

A new scholarship awarded at this years conference anshow was the Founders Club Scholarship. The Founders ClubScholarship, presented by the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trustwas presented to Andrew Shaul, OSU, during the Founders Clubreception. Congratulations Andrew for receiving the first-eveFounders Club Scholarship!

The Ohio Turfgrass Foundation congratulates all 2005 Scholarshiprecipients and looks forward to their continued contributionsto Ohios turfgrass industry. For information regarding 2006scholarships contact the OTF office at 888-683-3445, or visit theOTF Web site at www.OhioTurfgrass.org.

GREENI N D U S T R Y

NEWS

2005 OTF SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS


7/28

OTF Presents Check atAnnual Awards BanquetDr. Bobby Moser, Dean, College of Food, Agriculture and Environ

mental Sciences, The Ohio State University, accepted OTFs 2005

check in the amount of $162,128 from OTF President Chuck

Darrah. The check represents $137,128 in research grants and

financial support for the operations of the OTF Research &

Education Facility, and $25,000 in student scholarships.

OTF has donated more than $3.9 million to turfgrass research and

over $425,000 in scholarships since 1964.

Get Ready for Ohio TurfgrassWeek May 26 - June 2The OTF Publicity Committee is making plans for the inaugural

Ohio Turfgrass Week to be held May 26 - June 2, 2006. Turfgrass

Week will be held every year beginning the Friday of Memorial Day

weekend and continuing through the following Thursday.

This weeklong event will be launched with 2 primary goals in mind:

1. To generate public awareness for the turfgrass industry in Ohio.

2. To create new funding sources for turfgrass research and

education.

Cutbacks in state government spending for research at the Ohio

Agricultural Research & Development Center (OARDC) in Wooster,

and Ohio State University Extension (OSU-E), have significantly

affected research and extension services available for Ohios

turfgrass industry. These budgetary cutbacks could also have a

negative impact on golf courses, athletic fields, parks, grounds,

cemeteries, home lawns and other maintained green spaces.

Ohio Turfgrass week plans to educate the general public on the

importance and positive benefits of professionally managed turf-

grass areas. Messages will be targeted to golfers, homeowners,

coaches, parents, legislators and more. OTF is currently seeking

a Legislative Proclamation officially naming Ohio Turfgrass Week.

Beginning May 26, Ohios golf courses will be asked to support

OTF in generating new turfgrass funding sources. Public golf

courses will be asked to donate a portion of every round of golfplayed during the week collected voluntarily by golfers when

paying greens fees.

Private courses will be asked to collect voluntary contributions from

members when paying membership dues.

Future funding sources may include:

1. Lawn care operators donating a percentage of each lawn

serviced.

2. A percentage of rolls/yards sold by sod growers.

3. Donations at Big Box stores from homeowners.4. Sporting events (youth to professional venues).

5. And more!

Everyone who uses and enjoys managed turfgrass space in Ohio

can help make a difference. OTF encourages all members to take

part in Ohio Turfgrass Week and support the future of turfgrass

research in Ohio!

FOR THE LATEST RESEARCH AND INFORMATIONFOR OHIOS TURF AND LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS

VISIT THESE IMPORTANT WEB SITES:

Golf Course Turf ManagementSuperintendents Korner http://hcs.osu.edu/karl

Sports Turf ManagementOSU Sports Turf Program http://hcs.osu.edu/sportsturf

Lawn, Grounds & LandscapeBuckeye Yard & Garden Line www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/bygl

These sites may also be accessed from the

OTF Web site at www.OhioTurfgrass.org.


8/28

8

Live Auction Generates Morethan $17,000The Live Auction held at the 2005 Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show

raised more than $17,000 for turfgrass research and scholarships.

The funds generated by the auction support the Ohio Turfgrass

Research Trust (OTRT), the charitable fund-raising arm of OTF.

The auction was held in the convention center following the close

of the trade show on Wednesday, December 7. Several hundred

people gathered to view and bid on the many great items donated

by OTF members and exhibitors.

In addition to the Live Auction was the Reverse Raffle. OTRT and

OTF volunteers sold raffle tickets at $20 each throughout the first

2 days of the show. Winners were selected (or not selected, since it

was a reverse raffle) to receive cash prizes, along with a Grand Prize

winner of $1000, which went to Ted Pasko Jr. Congratulations Ted!

Several great items were sold at bargain prices at the auction,

including autographed sports memorabilia, rounds of golf at

prominent golf courses around the state, a night with the Cin-

cinnati Reds Grounds Crew, a mini-gator and turf equipment and

supplies. The opportunity to watch OSU play Penn State and

Michigan next year from the sidelines generated more than $1600

for each game!

The goal is to continue to grow the auction so that more than

$20,000 is raised by the 2006 auction committee, which will be

working hard throughout the year soliciting donations from OTFs

members and suppliers.

The auction is organized and managed by the OTF Auction

Committee and chaired by Joe Enciso, Century Equipment. On

behalf of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation and the Ohio Turfgrass

Research Trust, we would like to thank everyone who participated,

and especially the following donors to this years auction. They

proved that raising funds for turfgrass research can be fun!

2005 AUCTION DONORS

Alvis Materials Anderson Buckeye Applied Biochemists

Central Farm & Garden Century Equipment Cincinnati Reds

CLC LABS Dakota, Inc. Diversified Waterscapes, Inc.

Double Eagle Club Eagle One Golf Products Fairmon

Minerals Flowtronex Geo. E. Fern Green Velvet Sod Farms

Grigg Brothers Hurdzan/Fry G. C. Design Jacklin Seed/JR

Simplot Lavy Enterprises Turf Grass, Inc. LawnGrips Footwea

LESCO, Inc. Liquid Fence Co. Moraine Country Club Oglebay

Norton Offinger Management Co. Ohio Turfgrass Foundation

OSU, Dept. of Hort. & Crop Science Strategic Turf Syngenta

Professional Products The Motz Group Ty-Crop Manufacturing

Ltd. Westfield Golf Club Xenia Power Equipment

GREENI N D U S T R Y

NEWS


9/28

2005 Professional Excellence Award

RON COYLE

OTF acknowledged Ron Coyles 43 years of dedication to the greenindustry by presenting him with the 2005 Professional Excellence

Award. Coyle began his career at Troy Country Club in 1963 as agrounds maintenance worker and this is where he met his role modelDanny H. Quast, Superintendent of Troy Country Club.

Coyle credits Quast with giving him a chance and believing in him.Quast mentored Coyle, taking him to Purdue University turf seminars,field days, meetings to listen to speakers and GCSAA NationalConference and Educational programs. Before leaving Troy CountryClub, Quast helped Coyle get the Superintendent position, whichhe held for 5 years. Again with the help of Quast, Coyle landedthe Superintendent position at Northwood Hills, where he is stillSuperintendent today.

Coyle has held his current position at Northwood Hills for 43 years.

Located in Springfield, Ohio Northwood Country Club spans onehundred-thirty acres and consists of golf course, club house, proshop, tennis courts, small greens, large bentgrass tees, rye-grass fairways with sandtraps and lakes coming in to play. Hismanagement duties range from supervising as many as seventeenemployees to overseeing, maintaining and managing the eighteen-hole golf course and the golf course grounds.

Coyle thought that receiving the Miami Valley Golf Course Super-intendents Man-of-the-Year Award in 2003 was the highlight of hiscareer, until he received OTFs Professional Excellence Award. Icant tell everyone what this means to me. He was surprised,flattered, shocked, speechless and very, very nervous. He wants to

thank the OTF Board of Directors and all his peers for the award.

To newcomers to the industry, Coyle has three pieces of advice;First education, Ohio State has the best programs in the country,go to their field days and find out whats best and whats not.Second, OTF and GCSAA have educational programs going on allthe time. Third, get all the experience you can in whatever fieldyoure in, it will help you down the road later.

2005 Professional of the Year Award

AL MUHLE

OTFs 2005 Professional of the Year award was presented to AMuhle by his friend Jim Hippely. Muhle came to the ceremony thinkingthat Hippely was receiving the award, so when Hippely presented himwith the award, he was flabberghasted. Being a part of OTF fromthe beginning, Muhle sees them as being equal to the nationaassociation, because they are more accessible to the area, theispeakers are area specific and it is an excellent education assemblyto go to. Retired for several years now, Muhle was surprised toreceive the award. However, his colleagues and friends werehonored to recognize his 52 years of hard work in the industry.

Muhle is one of those individuals who knows the ins and outs othe industry. He began his career in the green industry in 1954 atMayfield Country Club as a part of the grounds crew and thenbecame an Assistant Superintendent. It was at Mayfield CC where hemet his role model, Howard Fannin and his close friend Dan Giesler

who learned from one another by exchanging ideas. It is importanto make close friends with your peers and coworkers, because theexchange of ideas is important in your career and your personal life.To this day, Muhle and Giesler keep in contact.

In 1963, he landed his first superintendents position at HawthorneValley Country Club and stayed there for 13 years. From Hawthornehe became Superintendent at The Country Club and held this positionfor 9 years. Switching directions from Superintendent to SalesmanMuhle went to work for Lesco, Inc. selling golf course supplies. Afteselling supplies for 13 years, Muhle went back to being a Super-intendent at Hemlock Spring Golf Course, where he finished ouhis career.

This was not Muhles first time being distinguished for his dedicationto the green industry. He was awarded the Professional Excellence

Award in 1981 for his innovation of triplex lightweight mowingWith all this experience and recognition, Muhle wants to sharehis experience with newcomers to the industry with these wordsof advice, Do not work twenty-four hours a day. Enjoy your lifeand its a good life. In addition to this advice, Muhle adds theadvice that his mentor once gave him, Dont make a habit outof being in the club house, but stay on the course where your jobneeds you.

OTF PAST PRESIDENT HANK CHAFIN (LEFT) PRESENTS PLAQUE TOOLD FRIEND RON COYLE.

AL MUHLE (LEFT) RECEIVES PLAQUE FROM 2003 PROFESSIONALEXCELLENCE AWARD RECIPIENT JIM HIPPELY.


10/28

10

You might wonder why an entomologist would be writing about lawn

damage in Ohio and what to do about it, but the fact is most of the

damage and death experienced in Ohios lawns in 2005 was NOT

caused by drought, but by insects AND drought working together!The grasses we commonly use in our lawns (e.g., Kentucky blue-

grass, perennial ryegrass and tall and fine fescues), are pretty well

equipped to handle moderate periods of drought. When heat and

drought occur, these plants go into a state of dormancy that helps

them maintain precious cell water, especially in major roots and the

crowns. When regular moisture and moderating temperatures are

restored, these plant parts generate new stems, leaves and roots.

Unfortunately, these common species of grasses are not equal in

their ability to withstand prolonged periods of drought and heat.

In general (remember that there is considerable variation among

cultivars of each turf species!), tall fescue and creeping red fescue

are some of the grasses most tolerant of heat and drought conditions.

Surprising to many, Kentucky bluegrass is quite capable of surviving

prolonged drought periods and since it has rhizomatous growth, it

recovers and fills in better than perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass

is only moderately tolerant to drought and we have seen significant

plant death in summers of prolonged drought!

In 2005, many Kentucky bluegrass lawns were killed, not by the

drought, but by the combination of drought and billbug feeding. Hairy

chinch bugs also contributed to the carnage in many neighborhoods.Billbugs severely damage Kentucky bluegrass by knocking out the

crowns in June. During drought seasons, newly formed rhizomes and

shoots can not establish supporting root systems, so a single billbug

larva can kill a patch of Kentucky bluegrass that is three to five inches

in diameter. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue with endophytes are

quite resistant to billbugs and this is why many lawns ended the

season with clumps of these grasses scattered across the lawn of

dead Kentucky bluegrass.

Long Term Strategies

Many home owners and lawn managers did realized that damaged

lawns were not going to recover until it was too late to undergo a fal

seeding. Some lawns were given late seedings and depending on thegrasses used and our winter conditions, these lawns may or may no

recover next spring. In any case, damaged lawns need to be carefully

inspected in the spring to determine the extent of reseeding or re-

sodding that will be needed.

Entomologically, selecting grass species for restoration or re-

establishment of a lawn is not a simple process. If Kentucky blue-

grass is the desired species, there ARE cultivars that are known to

be quite resistant to billbug attack. Most of these are fine textured

cultivars (e.g., Eagleton, Eclipse, Washington, Wabash, America

Adelphi, Unique, and Fylking). The coarser selections (e.g., Merion

Baron, Broadway, Parade, Cheri, Sydsport and Columbia) are highly

susceptible. Unfortunately, we have found that much Kentucky

bluegrass sod being sold in Ohio has a high amount of Merion and

Baron in their blends! For quick cover, perennial ryegrass is a good

choice and newer cultivars have green color dark enough to blend in

well with Kentucky bluegrass. However, not all perennial ryegrass

seed has endophyte! In general, the fresher the seed and storage in

cool conditions will conserve endophytes. Be sure to ask your seed

supplier if they can provide seed with high to moderate endophyte

Turf-type tall fescues seem more resistant to billbug damage, withor without endophyte. However, many home owners dont like the

coarser look of tall fescue though high seeding rates and carefu

selection of fine-textured cultivars can greatly reduce this look.

Though not thoroughly investigated, another season strategy would

be to keep irrigating lawns that are susceptible to billbug damage

through June to encourage establishment of the new tillers and

rhizomes. In our research billbug ranch, twice a week irrigations

Lawn Damage in 05 & Recommendations For 06David Shetlar, Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University

RESIDENTIAL

LAWN CARE

TIPS


11/28

gets our highly susceptible Kentucky bluegrass cultivars though bill-

bug infestations that normally kill lawns during periods of drought!

Other Management Strategies

Because of the severe billbug damage of 2005, many lawn care

operators have asked what insecticide program I would recommend

to ensure elimination of billbugs in 2006. Fortunately, we now have

a good data base on what works and what does not! In short,

imidacloprid (= Merit) and clothianidin (= Arena) are the best

performing neonicotinoids available. Applications of imidacloprid

at 0.4 lb.ai/A any time in May and at the 0.3 lb.ai/A in the first

week of June have provided excellent control of billbugs as well as

chinch bugs and the new crop of white grubs that arrive in July.

Clothianidin has given us the same results at rates between 0.25 and

0.3 lb.ai/A. The difference between clothianidin and imidacloprid

is that clothianidin also seems to knock out any actively feeding

caterpillars (e.g., sod webworms and black cutworms) for two to

three weeks after its application.

We have looked at using a pyrethroid as Durban and diazinon were

once used (as adulticides in early May), and products containing

bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin have produced

satisfactory results. These would have to be applied in the first two

weeks of May or when the soil temperature at one inch reaches

68 F.

Halofenozide (MACH2) has not performed well for billbug contro

except when it is applied as an early preventive first two weeks o

May. When the billbug larvae have started feeding down grass stems

in late May and early June, halofenozide has produced poor control.

Summary

Get out and evaluate lawns early to determine the extent of damage

remaining from 2005 and get busy repairing the damage by re-

establishing the turf, hopefully with grass cultivars or species that are

resistant to billbug attack. If billbugs (or chinch bugs) are suspected

you can eliminate them for the season by moving your grub contro

applications of imidacloprid or clothianidin into May.

BILLBUG

BILLBUG DAMAGE


12/28

12

Grasses have a significant amount of rhizosphere due to their

fibrous and extensive root systems. Within this rhizosphere there

are a multitude of soil organisms. Although understanding of the

organisms, processes and dynamics is increasing, there has beenlittle discovered that would enable turf managers to manage the

rootzone for improved turf health. Much of our focus to date has

been on the PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL properties of turf soils. In

contrast, there has been virtually no published research on the

ECOLOGY of turf rootzones. Soil ecology describes the study of the

distribution, abundance & interaction of organisms. The organisms

consist of soil fauna (e.g. earthworms, beetles, ants, arthropods) and

soil microbes (e.g. fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria).

Microbes are extremely adaptable and can live in most soils. Theycan tolerate water stress, freezing & thawing, anaerobic conditions,

and some extremes in Ph. Table 1 describes the relative components

in a turfgrass soil, their respective sizes, and their volume (biomass).

As you can see, bacteria, while very small, constitute as much as 1-2

tons biomass per hectare of soil. This is tantamount to 109 (1 billion)

bacteria per gram of soil thats a lot of bacteria!

ADVANTAGES OF SOIL MICROBES

An active microbial population performs many beneficial activities in

a turf soil, including:

1. Organic matter decomposition

Microbes are central to the decomposition of organic matter (OM).

However, in a sand system it is widely accepted within the turf-

grass community that OM accumulation must be controlled by

man. OM decomposition by microbial methods is not sufficient to

balance out OM accumulation. This is probably because there

are no/very few earthworms and other soil fauna that are first

in the succession of organisms to break down OM (Figure 1)

So while fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria are active in OM

decomposition, the larger soil fauna that are vital to the initia

processes are largely absent.

2. Soil aggregation

Fungi in particular are beneficial as they grow through and around

soil particles, creating macro-aggregates. Aggregation increases

the pore space, thereby improving drainage and turf root growth.

3. Nutrient availability and recycling

Nitrifying bacteria break down organic nitrogen-containing

compounds to produce inorganic compounds (nitrate) that can be

taken up by turf plants. This is a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle

4. Pathogen suppression

TWO MYTHS BUSTED!

Non-target effects of pesticides?

There is some thought that the use of synthetic fertilizers and

pesticides reduces or eliminates the microbial community by

altering the pH or causing direct/indirect toxicity to organisms

Except for the presence of inert ingredients in some emulsifiable

concentrate formulations that have caused toxicity, preliminaryresults from one ongoing study indicates that pesticides do not

adversely affect most non-target microorganisms. Likewise, relative

ly high pesticide applications have not been shown to unfavorably

affect soil microorganisms.

Inert sand rootzones?

It was traditionally perceived that since sand-based rootzones were

synthetically prepared, they supported a less numerous and diverse

Microbial Characteristics of Turfgrass SoilsPamela Sherratt & John Street, The Ohio State University

SPORTST U R F

TIPS


13/28

microbial population than comparative native soils. Actually, sand-

based rootzones are not sterile, but in fact reach levels of native soil

in a very short period of time.

BACTERIA & BLACK LAYER

Black layer is a turfgrass phenomenon that describes the anaerobic

(lacking on oxygen) layer that forms near the surface of a rootzone

(Figure 2). Black layer forms in a rootzone system for two reasons (1)burying the OM layer with successive topdressing and (2) formation

of a zone rich in metal sulphide under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic

conditions can occur in rootzones for several reasons: migration of

colloidal particles, salt deposition, natural occurring layers (OM) and

surface compaction.

Whatever the initial cause of black layer, its evolution is the same.

Once the layer become anaerobic, bacteria that can use alternatives

to oxygen come into their own. The first groups of bacteria use

nitrate (denitrification process), then other oxidized constituents (Mn,Fe, S). In consequence, the rootzone becomes chemically reduced

not just anaerobic. The redox potential is a measure of the severity

of reducing conditions. Reducing conditions in turfgrass systems

have important implications. Nitrate availability falls and levels of

soluble manganese and iron rise because the reduced forms are

more soluble than the oxidized forms. Manganese may become toxic.

Hydrogen sulphide is toxic to roots but it usually reacts with ferrous

iron (Fe2+) or iron oxides to produce black ferrous suphide (FeS).

This black precipitate causes the black layer phenomenon in turf-

grass rootzones. Since oxygen is necessary for root respiration, rootscannot survive in black layer soils and as a general rule live roots

will only be found in soil above the black layer. If prompt action is

not taken to get oxygen into the soil, remove the toxic gases and

stimulate healthy root growth, the overlying turf may be lost in a

short period of time. Control of back layer has typically included an

aggressive cultivation/aeration program.

MICROBIAL ROOTZONE SUPPLEMENTS

Biostimulants have been on the turfgrass market for a decade or

more. Biostimulant products that contain live biological organismsor spores of microorganisms are purported to stimulate plants,

cure anaerobic soil conditions, degrade thatch, and, in some cases,

prevent diseases. Very often the claims are not supported by

research and the products are sometimes mixed with nutrients or

other products that may also stimulate plant growth. However,

there have been several positive research findings with some of

the biostimulant products. For example, Azospirillum spp. is a

plant growth promoting rhizobacterium that research has shown

colonizes the roots of turfgrasses and promotes the root develop-

ment of cool-season grasses. Products that contain the spores of

mycorrhiza have also been shown to aid turfgrass establishment and

most recently have been studied as a biocontrol agent for annua

bluegrass (Poa annua) control in fine turf. In conclusion, soil in-

oculums and additives may alter soil microbiology in the short term

(on newly established turf areas) but their use on established turf-

grass soils is questionable.

The advantages of a diverse and strong microbiological community

within a rootzone have been proven without question. The role of

microbial products added to that community is not yet understood

Some may be useful, others may not. With very little published data

for turf managers to explore it is hard to make informed decisions.

CONCLUSIONS

There is still a lot to understand about the role of microorganisms in

a turfgrass rootzone. Some have called the traditional method of turmanagement the iceberg approach, whereby so much emphasis

is placed on the playing surface that what lies underneath is still a

mystery. Huge advancements have been made in soil physics and

chemistry but the ecology of soils is a relatively new study area in

turfgrass science.

Research to date has shown that microbial communities do not

appear to be adversely impacted by the type of soil profile, as long

as there is an established turfgrass rhizosphere for the microbia

community to reside. Pesticides usage also does not appear to havean unfavorable affect on microbial populations. Problems that are

related to OM decomposition may not be solved by continued

investigation into microbial communities if the larger soil fauna

(earthworms and arthropods) are not included.

The commercial arena has launched microbial biostimulant products

into a turfgrass market that knows very little about what they do or

how economically useful they are. It will be a while before research

catches up. In the meantime, the basics of sound turf managemen

should not be forgotten: air circulation, sunlight, drainage, fertilitycultivation, and traffic control. A healthy turf rhizosphere will host a

healthy microbial community.

Continued on page 14


14/28

14

Continued from page 13

FIGURE 2: BLACK LAYER AN ANAEROBIC (LACKING IN OXYGEN) L AYER THATCAN CAUSE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN TURF MANAGEMENT.

FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF DECOMPOSITION

TABLE 1: SOIL COMPONENTS IN A TYPICAL TURFGRASS SYSTEM

Organism Size (m*) Biomass (tons ha-1)**

Soil particles Stones 2000Coarse sand 200-2000 (Macropores 80-5000 m)Silt 2-50 (Mesopores 30-80 m)Clay 0.2 (Micropores 5-30 m)

Plant material Root hairs 7-15 Up to 90, but generallyFine roots 50-1000 about 20Roots 1000

Viruses 0.05-0.2 Negligible

Bacteria 0.5-1.0 1-2

Actinomycetes 1.0-1.5 0-2

Fungi 0.3-10.0 2-5

Protozoa 10-80 0-0.5

Nematodes 500-2000 0-0.2

Earthworms 2-5000 0-2.5

*1m = 1,000th of 1mm/0.04 inch** Hectare (ha-1) equals 2.471 acres

THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ANNOUNCESTHE 10TH ANNUAL SPORTS

TURF SHORT COURSEMarch 21 & 22, 2006

Kottman Hall Auditorium The Ohio State University

Designed for all sports turf managers,lawn care personnel, and grounds peoplewho care for turf with multiple functions.

Registration $180 includes all refreshments,meals, & educational materials.

OSUs Athletic Director,Gene SmithOSU Alum & NFL punter,BJ Sander

Cleveland Browns,Chris PowellCEO of The Motz Group,Joe Motz

Toledo Mudhens,Jake TylerOSU Varsity Athletics,Brian Gimbel

CLC LABS,Dr. Chuck DarrahFaculty & staff from The Ohio State University

Topics include: First-hand experiences fromfield managers, pesticide updates, field management

techniques, & new technology in sports turf.

ODA, OPRA and STMA CEUs offered.

To register, call (614) 292-8571 or

online: www.peopleware.net/2753

For course information call

Pamela Sherratt (614) 292-7457.


15/28

The combination of snowmelt along with cool wet weather has

resulted in the potential for cool weather diseases appearing on

annual bluegrass/creeping bentgrass greens. We received samples

and pictures from around Ohio that show Yellow Patch symptoms.

Symptoms of Yellow Patch (pathogen: Rhizoctonia cerealis) also

known as cool-weather brown patch, cool temperature brown patch

and winter brown patch appear as yellow or rusty circular rings or

partial arcs with the center of the ring appearing green.

In a few cases, you may also have pink snow mold or even red thread in

association with this disease. Usually this disease is of minor concern,

however if the rings become more severe and sunken a fungicide

application maybe needed.

On greens that are a mix of annual bluegrass and creeping bent-

grass you may see symptoms that resemble summer patch, which

has caused some confusion. However, this is not summer patch. In

addition, some may think its anthracnose, again the likelihood is

very low, especially if you do not have a history of this disease. If you

are not sure and for a piece of mind, it is best to submit a sample

and have it diagnosed.

If no snow is present, this might be a good time to get out and look

at your greens. For those that treated for snow mold to see how your

control measures are holding up. If anything is happening, let me

know ([email protected]).

Yellow Patch has been Active this WinterJoseph Rimelspach, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University

NOTE ON GREENS WITH A MIXED STRAND OF BENTGRASS AND ANNUAL BLUEGRASS, YELLOW PATCH SYMPTOMS MAY BE VARIABLE.

CIRCULAR SYMPTOM PATTERNS OF YELLOW PATCH IN EARLY JANUARY 2006FROM EASTERN OHIO.

GOLFC O U R S E

TIPS


16/28

16

East Dundee, IL December 2005

Warren Bell, President of Turfgrass Producers International (TPI),

believes turfgrass sod producers and the Green Industry as a whole

may have a few challenges as well as a few opportunities as they

look ahead to the coming year. In his annual state of the industry

report, Bell provided his perspective on the industry and outlook

for 2006.

Any attempt to forecast what a coming year may have in store for

turfgrass producers and the Green Industry is always a challenge and

2006 certainly isnt an exception. A projected slowdown in housing

starts, the cost and availability of labor, increasing insurance and

health care costs and many other economic indicators can leave you

scratching your head. Add to that the numerous forecasts and pre-

dictions of respected economists and industry professionals and you

could become a bit overwhelmed. The key in projecting what the

future may offer requires that you take into account all the inform-

ation thats available; keep it in proper perspective, and evaluate the

information so you can plan effectively based on what might or might

not unfold, emphasizes Bell.

Bell said the White House projected the U.S. economy would expand

3.4 percent in 2006 and would record a growth rate of 3.5 percent

for 2005. He added, Reuters news service commented that despite

the vibrant growth, many Americans have been anxious about rising

oil prices, a reality that certainly impacted the agriculture industry

and business and commerce nationwide in recent months.

According to Bell, another economic equation that has to be taken

into account is new home construction. David Seiders, Chief

Economist for The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) is

quoted as saying, We see a flattening of housing starts and the

beginning of a cooling process. Seiders forecast predicts housing

construction would drop by 4.8 percent to around 1.92 million starts

in 2006.

Other considerations Bell referred to include a mixed labor market

unpredictable energy prices and changing interest rates. While all o

these factors certainly have to be taken into consideration to project

what 2006 might have to offer, Bell notes there are some positive

factors worth mulling over that create a more promising picture.

For example, a recent survey conducted by Project EverGreen at the

November 05 Green Industry Expo provided some pleasing results

The survey, conducted by Market Intellect revealed, The nation as

a whole thinks strongly of the Green Industry, despite what media

reports imply, according to Gene Brown, CEO of Market Intellect

Survey recipients were asked if they agreed or disagreed with

several statements; for the most part their responses were extremely

positive. Over eighty percent agreed that most lawn care companies

care about the environment and agreed that maintenance of public

parks and sports fields is good for the environment. Ninety-nine

percent of those surveyed agreed that landscaping adds value to a

TPI President Provides 2006 Industry Perspective

OSPAOHIO SODPRODUCERS


17/28

homes worth and a well-maintained landscaped yard increases

curb appeal and property value.

On the issue of safety, ninety-seven percent agreed that a well-

maintained lawn provides a safe, cushioned play surface for children.

Thanks to the efforts of organizations like Responsible Industry

for a Sound Environment (RISE); The Professional Landcare Network

(PLANET); Project EverGreen; Turfgrass Producers International

(TPI) and numerous trade and consumer publications, there is a

collective effort to address sensitive issues intelligently and with

valid research, advised Bell. The benefits of turfgrass and the

positive environmental impact of green space is a message that

needs to be communicated to consumers, industry professionals,

educators and legislatures.

In looking ahead to 2006, one has to consider recent events that

may influence decision makers in the coming year as well, added

Bell. For example, Tom Delaney, PLANETs director of government

affairs, summarized the importance of their Legislative Day on

the Hill which provided Green Industry service providers, suppliers,

educators and state association executives from across the United

Sates and Canada the opportunity to spend a day with congressional

representatives and their staff members to discuss key issues

affecting the green industry.

This was an opportunity for our members to see how Congress

works and to lobby their elected officials on issues facing our

industry, Delaney added. This is also how legislators become

aware of the issues facing small businesses as well as larger

corporations in the Green Industry.

In late September 2005, representatives of the turfgrass industry had

a face-to-face meeting with Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns

to discuss the turfgrass industry and the National Turfgrass Research

Initiative (NTRI). During the course of that meeting the Secretary was

provided with current information conveying the breadth and scope

of the turfgrass industry and its importance to the U.S. economy;

restrictions and/or regulations that challenge the turfgrass industry;

and the need for government support in the area of basic turfgrass

research to address issues facing the industry.

Bell points out that the coming year will see TPI continuing to build on

its developing relationship with extension specialists, county agents

university researchers, scientists, educators and the general public.

Theres no denying that the global natural disasters of 2005

impacted the lives of families worldwide and recent natural disasters

in the U.S. impacted our nations economy and the lives of thousands

of families in ways that are far too numerous to mention. What

2006 has in store for us in terms of weather is anybodys guess

As for those opportunities to be realized in the coming year, a grea

deal depends on how well we plan; our ability to anticipate the

possibilities; how well we adapt to change and our readiness to

expect the unexpected.

The turfgrass industry contributes over $40 billion dollars to the

U.S. economy. It is estimated the overall Green Industry and related

businesses contribute $147 billion. When you consider the economic

value, the environmental significance and the overall scope of the

industry, it is apparent that to grow our business we, as an industry

need to continue to send a positive message on the benefits of turf-

grass and green spaces.

If we commit ourselves to address these challenges through

effective communication, we can soften the blow of any less than

promising economic forecast and most certainly reap the rewards

that come with positive economic growth, said Bell.

Bell is the co-owner of Biograss Sod Farm located in Sandy, UT. He is

TPIs 35th president. Turfgrass Producers International is a 38-year

old, independent, not-for-profit association representing more than

1,100 members from over 40 countries comprised of turfgrass sod

and seed producers, equipment manufacturers, suppliers, educators

and professionals involved in the Green Industry.


18/28

18

Its wintertime, but days are getting longer, so lets take a look at a

group of wonderful flowering trees that will greet us next spring and

that I talked about at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation program this past

December. Lets talk dogwoods.

A wonderful new book I picked up late last year is simply titled

Dogwoods, by Paul Capiello and Don Shadow (Timber Press). Both

Paul and Don are knowledgeable and wonderful plantsmen, Paul

recently from Bernheim Arboretum near Louisville, Kentucky and

now of Yew Dell Gardens in Crestwood Kentucky and Don of Shadow

Nursery in Winchester, Tennessee. Both have long love affairs with

dogwoods, which are trees, shrubs and even herbaceous plants in

the genus Cornus.

In the books introduction, Paul describes the history of the genus

Cornus, with us for many many milennia, tens of millions of years

all the way back to the time of the dinosaurs. He relates that in

human historical times, dogwoods, in the form of the cornelian-

cherry dogwood Cornus mas were said, presumably by Homer, to

have provided the wood used by Odysseus and his men to build the

Trojan horse and finally wrestle victory from the hands of defeat.

Herbal remedies, occasional foodstuffs such as Cornus kousaand

Cornus masjuices and more modernly early 20th century golf clubs

made from Cornus floridawere other dogwood uses, but certainly

their use as ornamentals is where dogwoods truly shine.

Lets take a look at a few profiles of dogwoods that I wrote about

in the Landscape Plants for Ohio publication of the Ohio Nursery

and Landscape (this 40 page booklet of descriptions and color

pictures is available from ONLA for $5 through their Web site

BuckeyeGardening.com, or at discounted prices for ONLA members).

Flowering dogwood(Cornus florida)

Highly popular small (15-20 foot) tree for its many ornamenta

features. Multi-season appeal with spectacular white bracts that

emerge before leaves are out, attractive dark green leaves, purple-red fall color, shiny red fruits and graceful horizontal growth habit

Numerous excellent cultivars including Cherokee Chief with pink

flowers and Cherokee Brave with good powdery mildew resistance

Plant in partial shade and mulch to protect from hot soil conditions.

Chinese dogwood(Cornus kousa)

Small (15-20 foot) tree with showy white flower bracts, appealing

multicolored bark of grays, browns and tans, stratified horizonta

branching pattern, attractive dark green leaves (red-purple fall color)

and colorful roundish oversized raspberry-like fruits. Vase shaped

plant grows rounded with age. Prefers sunny moist soils, but bette

adapted to drought than C. florida. Flowers three weeks later and

has blossoms elevated above foliage by short flower stalks.

There are many cultivars with white and pink flower forms, foliage

variegation and other features. Satomi is one popular cultivar with

pink floral effects. Milky Way is a cultivar of C. kousavar. chinensis

and has greater numbers of flowers and fruits than the species

Rutgers hybrids are crosses of C. kousa and C. florida with

intermediate characteristics and improved disease resistance ove

some C. floridacultivars. One example is Rutcan (trademark Constellation

with exceptional flowering.

Corneliancherry dogwood(Cornus mas)

Excellent early-flowering, multistemmed, rounded to oval habit

shrub or small tree (15-20 foot). Masses of tiny bright yellow flowers

jump-start spring in the landscape. Excellent in a mass. Feature

Lets Talk About DogwoodsJim Chatfield, The Ohio State University Extension

HORTS H O R T S

COLUMN


19/28

include dark green leaves, flaky brown bark, small cherry red fruits,

and good adaptability to different sites.

Shrub dogwoods(Cornus species)

There are a number of native shrub dogwoods gaining in popularity,

including Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, Cornus racemosa,

the gray dogwood and Cornus sericea, the redosier dogwood.

These are often used for informal naturalized plantings and provideexcellent fall and winter characteristics such as the porcelain-

blue fruits of silky dogwood, the white fruits and red fruit stalks of

gray dogwood, the attractive intensely colored stems of the redosier

dogwood, including the bright red stems of Cardinal and the yellow

stems of Flaviramea and the variegated foliage of cultivars such

as Cornus sericeaSilver and Gold.

Read all about these dogwoods and many more flowering trees

and shrubs in Landscape Plants for Ohio, but for far more dogwood

details, check out or buy Paul Capiello and Don Shadows Dogwoods

from Timber Press (suggested retail $39.95). Try to imagine the

pictures of Cornus kousaSunsplash with its bright yellow wedges

on leaves of a deep green background. Imagine the deep pink floral

bracts of Cornus kousaHeart Throb or the pinks of Cornus florida

Red Cloud.

There is a wonderful picture in the book of Cornus floridaPoinsett

discovered in Lake County, Ohio with it yellow rather than the usual

red Cornus floridafruits paired with purple fall foliar color. There are

truly exotic plants such as Cornus florida var. pringlei with bracts

fused into what looks like a paper lantern, and pictures of the blood-

twig dogwood, Cornus sanguinea Winter Beauty with its stems

of bright red intermingled with some orange and yellow stems,

accented in the winter against the waters of a pond in a wonderful

winterscape setting. Its enough to make us remember Shelleys

words: If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

CHINESE DOGWOOD

CORNELIANCHERRY DOGWOOD


20/28

20

Abstract

Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) is a major problem on highmaintenance turfgrasses like bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds),annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Foliar and granularfertilization programs were compared on bentgrass performance anddollar spot incidence at various nitrogen rates and applicationfrequencies. The granular fertilizer source consistently resulted inlower color ratings than the foliar sources. Good to excellent colorresponses did not always result in acceptable dollar spot supp-ression. Foliar fertilization consistently resulted in less dollar spotthan comparable granular treatments. Foliar sources provided dollarspot suppression for at least 70-80 days and 154 days withoutfungicide at 12.2kg ha-1 N weekly (every 7 days) in 2004 and 2005,respectively. This research suggests that foliar feeding with sufficientnitrogen can reduce dollar spot severity and potentially result in lessfungicide use.

Introduction

Dollar spot (DS) continues to be problematic on high maintenanceturfgrasses like bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass,and perennial ryegrass.

Golf course superintendents reportedly spend more money on

fungicides to control dollar spot than for any other turfgrass disease(Vargas, 1994).

Superintendents managing bentgrass fairways are reporting moreintense dollar spot pressure and increased difficulty in dollar spotcontrol.

Many reasons have been hypothesized for these problems includingresistance in field populations of S. homoeocarpato chemicals, lowernitrogen fertility programs, fungicide interactions and PGR use.

Chlorothalonil has been used as a standard contact fungicide fodollar spot management over the years. Recently, chlorothalonil useby golf courses has been restricted to a certain seasonal limit. Thisrestriction has significantly influenced superintendents fungicideusage programs and their chemical family alteration strategies fordollar spot management.

Objective

The purpose of this research project was to (1) reiterate previousOhio State research on the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate, (lighrates versus traditional heavier rates), frequency (7 day vs 14 dayapplication schedule), and application method (foliar feed versusgranular feed), on bentgrass quality and dollar spot severity and (2determine the latter interactions on dollar spot incidence, fungicideefficacy, reduced fungicide rates and extended fungicide applicationintervals.

Materials and Methods

This study is being conducted at the OTF Research and EducationFacility at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The study wasa randomized complete block design with 3 replications.

Four fertilizers (three liquids and one granular), four nitrogen ratesand two timing frequencies were used (Table 1).

The granular fertilizer Tee Time 20-4-12 (The Andersons) was appliedusing a drop spreader. The liquids and water-soluble fertilizers wereapplied using a CO

2pressurized sprayer using two flat fan nozzles

calibrated to deliver 814.4 L ha-1 (2 gal/1000 ft2).

Tee Time is a granular fertilizer containing 1% polymer coatedammoniacal nitrogen and 19% urea nitrogen with 12% of the urea

NEWGROWTH &TECHNOLOGY

Effect of Nitrogen Source, Rate, Timing andApplication Method on Creeping BentgrassQuality and Dollar SpotJohn Street & Deborah Holdren, Department of Horticulture & Crop Science, The Ohio State University

Continued on page 22


21/28

TABLE 1: FERTILIZER SOURCES, RATES, FREQUENCIES AND N/MONTH

N Treatment N Rate Timing Total/N/Month(kg ha-1) (kg ha-1)

ACLF 8.6 12.2 7 day 34.4 48.8

HPF-N 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8

Tee-Time 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8

Bulldog 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8

ACLF 17.1 24.4 14 day 34.4 48.8

HPF-N 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8

Tee-Time 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8

Bulldog 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8

Untreated Check ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Fertilizer treatments received no-fungicide, half rate and full rate pre-diesease applications at 30 dayintervals beginning in May 2004 and 2005.

TABLE 2: DOLLAR SPOT SEVERITY AS AFFECTED BY N SOURCE, RATE AND APPLICATION FREQUENCY

% Dollar Spot

Fertilizer Source N Rate (kg ha-1) Timing 2 - Aug - 2004 22 - Sept - 2005

No Fung Half Full No Fung Half Full

Tee-Time 8.6 7 day 56.7 33.3 20.0 25.0 21.7 11.7

ACLF 8.6 20.0 16.7 10.0 21.7 20.0 8.3

Bulldog 8.6 8.3 10.0 5.0 16.7 11.7 8.3

HPF-N 8.6 18.3 15.0 11.7 16.7 11.7 6.7

Tee-Time 12.2 7 day 46.7 31.7 18.3 28.3 28.3 18.3

ACLF 12.2 1.7 1.7 0.0 11.7 8.3 3.3

Bulldog 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.0

HPF-N 12.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 1.7 1.7

Tee-Time 17.1 14 day 46.7 21.7 23.3 33.3 25.0 18.3

ACLF 17.1 21.7 20.0 13.3 28.3 25.0 16.7

Bulldog 17.1 26.7 13.3 8.3 21.7 13.3 10.0

HPF-N 17.1 28.3 16.7 18.3 20.0 18.3 11.7

Tee-Time 24.4 14 day 30.0 20.0 16.7 26.7 25.0 16.7

ACLF 24.4 20.0 10.0 6.7 25.0 18.3 10.0

Bulldog 24.4 18.3 8.3 3.3 1.7 0.0 0.0

HPF-N 24.4 21.7 6.7 6.7 10.0 8.3 3.3

Unfertilized ---- ---- 16.7 35.0 26.7 30.0 25.0 18.3

LSD (0.05) 10.52 LSD (0.05) 12.56

TABLE 3: LEAF TISSUE N

Fertilizer Source 7 Day Frequency 14 Day Frequency

8.6 kg ha-1 12.2 kg ha-1 17.1 kg ha-1 24.4 kg ha-1

% N % N

ACLF (20-2-1) 5.0efg 5.5abc 5.1def 5.6ab

HPF-N (19-1-1) 4.8fgh 5.3bcd 4.9efgh 5.8a

Tee-Time (20-4-12) 4.7gh 4.7gh 4.6h 5.0defg

Bulldog (28-8-18) 5.0efg 5.6ab 5.2cde 5.7ab

Unfertilized Check 3.7i 3.7i 3.7i 3.7i

LSD (0.05) 0.35


22/28

22

as micro prilled sulfur coated urea. Bulldog 28-8-18 is a drywater-soluble fertilizer with 2.1% ammoniacal nitrogen, 5.4% nitratenitrogen and 20.5% urea nitrogen for liquid/foliar feeding.

ACLF 20-2-1 and HPF 19-1-1 (Agro-Culture Liquid Fertilizers) areliquid solutions also designed for liquid/foliar feeding composed

of urea, nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen with micronutrients.

The nitrogen rates were 0.175 lbN/1000 ft2 (8.6 kg/ha-1), 0.25 lbN/1000ft2 (12.2 kg ha-1), 0.35 lb N/1000ft2 (17.1 kg/ha-1) and 0.5lb N/1000ft2 (24.4 kg ha-1).

Chlorothalonil was split across the fertilizer source/rate/timing treat-ments as no-fungicide, half rate 5.1 L ha-1 (1.625 oz/1000ft2), andfull rate pre-disease 10.3 L ha-1 (3.25 oz/1000ft2), resulting in 54total treatments. Applications were made on about a 30 day treat-ment schedule beginning 11 May and ending 14 Sep 2004 and againon 26 May and ending 30 Sep 2005.

Mowing was performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday,and Friday) using a Toro 3100 triplex mower with a bench settingof 1.3 cm and clippings were removed. The site was irrigated on aregular basis to prevent wilt. Insecticide applications were made forcutworms, white grubs and black turfgrass ataenius. Preemergenceherbicide was applied in April.

Dollar spot ratings were taken during active dollar spot periods.Dollar spot was very active in May/June and again in late Julythrough September, 2004 and August/September, 2005. Dollar spotwas rated subjectively as an estimate of percent plot infected with0 = no visible disease and 100 = total dollar spot cover.

Clippings were harvested on 13 Sep 2004 by making a single passdown the center of each nitrogen treatment with a commercial walkbehind greensmower. Clippings were bagged, dried at 65C for72 hours and analyzed for total nitrogen content of clippings (% byweight) using the Kjeldahl method.

Results

Dollar spot (DS) severity is reported for peak DS periods in August,2004 and September, 2005 (Table 2).

All granular treatments resulted in consistently more DS whencompared to equivalent foliar treatments. Among the granular no-fungicide treatments, 24.4 kg ha-1 N every 14 days resulted in theleast amount of DS and was the only granular no-fungicide treat-ment to exhibit a DS reduction less than the unfertilized no-fungicidecheck.

All granular treatments in both 2004 and 2005 failed to providelevels of DS control that would be acceptable among mostsuperintendents.

Among the no-fungicide foliar treatments, all sources at 12.2 kgha-1 N every 7 days consistently exhibited the least amount of DS

and provided remarkable DS suppression for 80 days and 154 daysin 2004 and 2005, respectively.

All the foliar treatments at 12.2 kg ha-1 N every 7 days in comb-ination with half rate fungicide resulted in less than 3% DS in 2004less than 10% DS in 2005, and minimized peaks in DS severity ascompared with fertilizer treatments alone, and DS control wasequivalent to the full fungicide rate.

At the foliar N rates of 8.6 and 17.7 kg ha

-1

N every 7 and 14 daysrespectively, Bulldog was the only foliar source that consistentlyexhibited a trend towards acceptable DS control at the half and fulfungicide rates in both 2004 and 2005.

All the foliar sources at 12.2 kg ha-1 N every 7 days consistentlyprovided better DS control than the foliar sources at 24.4 kg ha -1 Nevery 14 days.

Finally, granular treatments had lower N levels than the foliar treat-ments within the same rate/frequency programs. DS was lowest aN contents of 5% (Table 3).

ConclusionsThere exists a very positive relationship between DS control/suppression, N rate and application frequency with foliar N sourcesTotal rate and application frequency are both important.

This research to date suggests that DS control/suppression isimpacted by higher N rates (i.e. 48.8 kg ha-1 N per month) than aretypically being used by superintendents today. Foliar fertilizationprovides consistently superior DS suppression than equivalengranular fertilization. Foliar fertilization every 7 days results inbetter DS control than foliar fertilization every 14 days.

It is also apparent that N source responses that produce acceptable

color responses may not be sufficient monthly or seasonal totals tosignificantly impact DS suppression.

The N content of leaf tissue among the various treatments suggeststhat DS suppression via N requires foliar N levels at the upper end othe sufficiency range of 3 to 6% with a target of 5% or greater.

More research needs to be conducted on foliar feeding, foliarfeeding efficiency, N rate and fungicide programming, and PGRsfoliar feeding responses.

References

Williams, D.W., A.J. Powell, Jr., P. Vincelli, and C.T. Dougherty. 1996. Dollar spot on bentgrass

influenced by displacement of leaf surface moisture, nitrogen and clipping removal. CroSci. 36: 1304-1309.

Burpee, L.L. and L.G. Goultry. 1987. Influence of liquid formulation of N on epidemics of dollar spot disease in a mixed stand of creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass. P. 73-75. IGuelph Turfgrass Inst. Annu Rep. Guelph Turfgrass Inst., Guelph, ON.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the Greater Pittsburgh Golf Course Superintendents Association and The OhioTurfgrass Foundation for supporting this research.

Continued from page 20


23/28

Ed Nagle has traveled originally

from Ireland, a country with a

famous reputation for fine golf

courses and many other like-

able attributes. These have been

created by the fact that it is

the first place where the tough

weather from the north Atlantic ocean first contacts land creating

some beautiful landscapes. Ed studied for his BSc in Turfgrass

Science at Myerscough College in the United Kingdom where

he carried out three years full time education and completed his

degree with a years internship experience on Daufuskie Island,

South Carolina under the tutelage of Superintendent Dan

Hemmerle. Ed was involved in the setting up of the first student

chapter of the GCSAA outside of the USA in Myerscough College.

He carried out research into the effects of saline water in

irrigation supplies on major cool season grasses when completing

his degree at the University of Central Lancashire under the

guidance of Dr. Martyn Jones, Dr. Colin Stanfield and Dr. Peter

Lumsden.

Ed then returned to Ireland to his home course in Enniscorthy and

took up a position as second assistant golf course superintendent.

A visit to the GCSAA show in Atlanta in 2003 renewed his interest

in travel and he set off to work in Australia at Royal Melbourne

GRADUATE STUDENT CORNER Ed Nagle(ADVISOR: DR. DAVID GARDNER)

Thesis Title: The effectiveness of Primo (Trinexapac ethyl) and

foliar nitrogen on improving shade tolerance in bentgrass greens.

GC and helped to prepare the course for the Heineken Classic

a combined European and Asian PGA tour event which was won

by Ernie Els for the third consecutive time. He also worked in

Brookwater GC with Troon Golf management and at Pacific Harbo

and Queensland on their new golf course construction project

Ed then returned to Ohio to work for Mike OKeeffe and organized

his MSc from there.

His research involves the use of the growth regulator Primo and

investigating its success on improving density and turf quality on

golf greens grown in three different light environments. The

effect of tree shade is a common problem and most of the recen

research has concentrated on using shade cloth so it is interest-

ing to use the research plots located under the deciduous trees

at the research facility to see how this effects the turfgrass

quality. There will also be an interest in suitable rates of nitrogen

to apply in conjunction with the applications of Primo to hopefully

improve turf quality in shaded areas. He loves life at the University

and being a big sports fan has a big interest in the football and

basketball teams. He hopes to return to Ireland and venture into

the industry there and help carry the good name of Ohio around

the world.


24/28

24

3RD ANNUAL OHIO STATE

GOLF TURFSPRING TEE-OFF

March 1 - 3, 2006Holiday Inn on the LaneColumbus, Ohio

The Ohio Turfgrass Foundation, in conjunction with OSU -Extension and OSU/OARDC, is pleased to present the 3rd Annual Ohio State Golf Turf Spring Tee-Off Conference,Wednesday, March 1 through Friday, March 3 at the HolidayInn on the Lane, Columbus. This two and a half day conference

will allow golf turf professionals and turf students to interactand gain new product and research updates along withchanges occurring in Ohios golf industry. Most of the speakerson the program are OSU professors, OSU alumni, or work inthe Ohio region - giving you information pertinent to Ohiosturfgrass industry. 1.35 GCSAA Education points and 5 hoursof Category 8 ODA Pesticide License Re-Certification creditare available.

The Spring Tee-Off includes a Welcome Reception for allWednesday participants and the OSU Turf Club Luncheonto be held Thursday. Ohio Department of Agriculture testing

for various licenses will be available Friday following theconference.

To register, complete and return the form on the oppositepage. Please visit our Web site, www.OhioTurfgrass.org orcall (888) 683-3445 with questions. We look forward to teeingoff the spring season with you in Columbus.

For hotel reservations, contact the Holiday Inn on the Lane at614-294-4848 or www.holidayinnosu.com and register as aguest of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation.

Following is the listing of sessions to be presented at thisyears Spring Tee-off:

Wednesday, March 1

USGA Year in Preview Bob Brame, USGA

Velocity Herbicide and Other Poa Controls Dr. John Street, OSU(Cat. 8, .5 hr.)

Industry Update: Roundup Ready Update Wayne Horman, The Scotts Co.

Superintendents Roundtable Moderators: Bob Brame, USGA & Todd Voss, OTF

Welcome Reception FREE to all conference registrants

Thursday, March 2

Fertilizer Can We Afford It? Dr. John Street, OSU

Hot Topics/Industry Trends Larry Aylward, Golfdom Magazine

Industry Update: Emerald Ash Borer

Dr. David Shetlar, OSU Insecticide Programs for 2006

Dr. David Shetlar, OSU(Cat. 8, .5 hr)

OSU/GCSAA Student Turf Club Luncheon

USGA Rules Affecting Superintendents Bill McCarthy, USGA

Disease Update When Your Program Falls Apart Joe Rimelspach, OSU(Cat. 8, 1 hr.)

Industry Update: OSU Professional Golf ManagementProgram Dr. Ray Miller, OSU

Golf Greens Hydrology Dr. Ed McCoy, OSU

Dollar Spot When Should We Make Our FirstApplication? Dr. Mike Boehm, OSU (Cat. 8, 1 hr.)

Friday, March 3

Broadleaf Weed Control Dr. David Gardner, OSU(Cat. 8, 1 hr.)

PGRs and other Chemical Approaches to StressTolerance Dr. Karl Danneberger, OSU (Cat. 8, 1 hr.)

Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Founders Club Update Paul Jacquemin, OTRT

Weathering the Storm with Effective CommunicationsWithin the Club Chad Mark, Kirtland Country Club

Golf Design with Maintenance in Mind Jason Straka, Hurdzan/Fry Golf Course Design

Program subject to change.

GCSAA Education PointsWednesday, March 1 = .40 Education PointsThursday, March 2 = .60 Education Points

Friday, March 3 = .35 Education Points

ODA Pesticide License Testing for Various Categories


25/28


26/28

26

THE 2006 OTF BOARD OF DIRECTORS, STANDING, LEFT TO RIGHT: DAN WALTER, CITY OF BLUE ASH GC; MARK JORDAN, WESTFIELD COMPANIES CC; DR. CHUCK DARRAH,CLC LABS; MARK GRUNKEMEYER, BUCKEYE ECOCARE; DON LAWRENCE, RED HAWK RUN GC; KEVIN THOMPSON, OTF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; TODD VOSS, DOUBLE EAGLE CLUBJOE ENCISO, CENTU RY EQUIPMENT ; GLEN POTTENGER, LA RCH TREE GC. SEATED, LEFT TO RIGHT: DR. JOHN STREET, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; RANDY SHAVER, STRATEGICGOLF ALLIANCE; AND DOUG GALLANT, THE CINCINNATI REDS. NOT PICTURED: KIM KELLOGG, GRASSHOPPER PROPERTY MAINTENANCE.

MANY OF OTFS DISTINGUISHED PAST PRESIDENTS GATHERED FOR THE ANNUAL PAST PRESIDENTS LUNCHEON. BACK ROW, LEFT TO RIGHT: RANDY TISCHER,MARK HEINLEIN, JOHN MOWAT AND GEORGE FURRER. SECOND ROW: ED ODORIZZI, DOUG HALTERMAN, RICK KUCHARSKI, JIM SHARP, JOE MOTZ, ED EATONHANK CHAFIN, JOE DUNCAN AND DAVID WEBNER. FRONT ROW: GARY STEWART, BILL BURDICK, MARK YODER, PAUL MORGAN, GENE PROBASCO, CHARLIE TADGE ANDHARRY MURRAY.


27/28


28/28

Printer Please

Place Your

PRESORT STD

Indicia Here

1100-H Brandywine Blvd

Zanesville OH 43701-7303

888-OTF-3445

Fax: (740) 452-2552

www.OhioTurfgrass.org

Return Service Requested

OTF Board of Trustees

Trustees

Term Expires 2007

Joe EncisoCentury Equipment

Randy ShaverStrategic Golf Alliance, Inc.

Trustees

Term Expires 2008

Doug Gallant

Cincinnati Reds

Trustees

Term Expires 2009

Mark GrunkemeyerBuckeye Ecocare

Kim KelloggGrasshopper Property Maint.

Don LawrenceRed Hawk Run G.C.

Dan WalterCity of Blue Ash

2006 OTF Officers

President

Glen Pottenger, CGCSLarch Tree Golf Course

Vice President

Mark JordanWestfield Companies Country Club

Treasurer

Todd VossDouble Eagle Club

Immediate Past President

Dr. Chuck DarrahCLC LABS

Director of Education

Dr. John R. StreetThe Ohio State University

Executive Director

Kevin ThompsonOTF/Offinger Management Co.

2006 OSU TurfgrassScience Team

Horticulture & Crop Science

Dr. John Street

Dr. Karl Danneberger

Dr. David Gardner

Ms. Pamela Sherratt

Ms. Jill Taylor

Ms. Deborah Holdren

Entomology

Dr. Dave Shetlar

Dr. Parwinder Grewal

Mr. Kevin Power

Mr. Dan Digman

Plant Pathology

Dr. Michael Boehm

Mr. Joseph Rimelspach

Mr. Todd Hicks

School of Natural Resources

Dr. Ed McCoyMr. Stephen Schneider

Agricultural Technical

Institute (ATI)

Mr. David Willoughby

Dr. Daniel Voltz

Documents

06Jan FebOTFNL