Upload
others
View
8
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
eZËb†~T �
éZy)Zk,Zy( 8ZÝe~)ZgŠz(Ô
QgŠz»P]q¬x:¹âö:·¡a©~Abstract::::
In past, Urdu lexicographer tried to compile materials from written
language, not form spoken language. And the written language was
the highly appreciated classical literary and text was supposed to
authentic and accurate. Therefore the spoken language used by
common people was ignored in dictionaries. Some lexicographers
included spoken languages but they commented like: Juhala )x( ,
Awam )úZx( . MunirLucknawi was first Urdu lexicographer who
wrote a separate dictionary on Spoken language and in his
dictionary he compiled Bazari Zuban, Aamyana and special words
or expressions used by a profession. In this article, the examples
from MunirLucknawi's dictionary have been studied and show that
by passing time some Bazari and Aamyana Zuban become a part of
standard language and well-used by every people.
Keywords::::Munir Lakhnavi Lexicography Language Linguistics
: llll)))) Z#¹â+Å!*]ƒCìƒÐ¬tÎZwZVc*Y@*ìāñZŠ¹VÐ�ÛZëKYN?
’k,~i!*y)ª:Q(Ðc*½k,~i!*y)ª1wew(ÐXZ’ZðZgŠz¸]ÆŠâdZzgló_·™äÐ¥xƒ@*ìā*Šzg~ZgŠz¹âöÔ’k,~i!*y:Zd÷á²zVƯxZzgRZŠ'VÆ�0*gzVÐñZŠl™D¸XYVāù¦îg6,ZyŠz£œÆa¹%A$™@*å:
ÆŠâd~t–ì: ÖŠ^á]Ö�Æ] ÷á²zVc*ZŠ'VƯxŃX¬ÔäZL¹ )1(ZZ]ej³‚]eäÚ_^ÖÃä�æ]æmàÚjÏ‚Ú^áæÚj^ì†]á…æ‡e�gÚo�…Þ‚æ�g
+³„…]Þ³‚æ�…�á�æ]æm³àæÚ³’³ß³Ë^leŠn^…]ÖË^ÁÚo …]2³çá…æ‡Úo
57
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
ì³ç]Þß‚ÒäÚÃ^Þo�áÞÛo�]Þß‚æ2çá]›¡ÅÞÛom^e߂Ɔš�^†Þ^
ڳó׳çÝÚoÚ^Þ‚æ›fÄ]‡iׄƒÚv†æÝÚo+†��æ�ÞÓä]m�^á�Þ3ß^á
]ֳ˳^Á�æ…�åÚf³ßoe†�ÞŠkÒäm^ÖÇk]m�^áæm^ÚjÃ^…Í�á‡Ú^á))))1111(((( eç�æ]Ú†æ‡]‡]‰jÃÛ^Ù�æ…]Êj^�åæ�…ÚjÃ^…ÍÚ`rç…+�jäXX
)F,À:Ñzq~ÿ7,"zZáþŠygZ]ZŒZzgZí÷á²zVÆŠ-Zy»_·™DgT÷
X~¹Z,ZÖp÷XÆçã7,"zZßVÃ**¥x÷XOVp÷á²ÅZ-!*]K
ЇÜg{YD÷ZzgZ0+zi~ÐøzxXL÷á²zVƯx~Z,ZÖpïYD÷�Ô
ZÏŠzg~gZòZzg7,"zZßVÆiâä~tZÖp™cƒ`÷(
: ŠgÏÂ1VZzg¤9VÅ¢zgc*]7g~™äÆa )2(ñß~ZâyZ/äZâyZB]»ªZi+c7821ó~B0781Y~%A$HåTÆ!*g}~
Z1Gy÷á~V7g~˜÷:LLt¹ug_0î IG0½èZzŠ|ÅZZY6,æZgkzkA$ZCzgæÆ¥ÆZ.Š}Æ
))))2222(((( a%A$ŶXóó
-V–ì: 6, Æuzgt ÖÇ^lô‰†æ…p
i$+>ZB]ZHzs/‹uzg~:tZq-Â[Yì¸]ÆZg!*[èæZgkìZq-âŠ{ÐTŠgZÖp²!pZ{ÃgÏc*F,Åc*œuZuy÷˜VJ-]ÃèŠg²
ŒZz!!‹ðOwZzg¿~Ù÷ìÑbèçãi!*yèZgŠz~z{ƒËzæz7éSZk))))3333(((( Â[~qg`÷‰‰‰
OVpZgŠz¹âö:XZLñZŠ’k,~ZdZzg—0*táyÐZ~.™@*åXXtñZŠÔZÒÄZÆŠ-ZyÔZŠ!*ƯxZzgËuJ-�~)ZŠ!(áyÐZ~.™@*åXXYVāZkÆ4,Šq-ÔÂZzgŠzgZiûZÖp=ôÔåXñZŠÐ%ZŠz{ÂZÖp¸�áy~X¸X
ÂZÖpÐ%ZŠ:Z¾mÔk**]ÔZâYz){Æ**xzZØ!*]c*ËZzgi!*yÆ**ââkZÖpXáyÐ%ZŠ:ZdZzg—0*tZŠ!ÂÁc*¬àgû÷á²zVƯxX
))))4444(((( ª¹âöÜsZ-ZÖpÇ.ÞèZ0+gZ`B¸�LL¹óóZzgLL÷á+óóÑgKYD¸XZZZZ’’’’ZZZZððððZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz¹¹¹¹ââââ++++~~~~¬¬¬¬xxxx::::iiii!!!!****yyyy»»»»ÒÒÒÒpppp::::™™™™********::::
0*uzy~Z’ZðZgŠz¹â+~«ÃÒ†ZßZ';²~Åì2VäZzg8-id$Æ58
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
@*;HåXZk6,¼‚wˆ)5611ó~B2571Y( Ƴ†]ñ³g]Ö×Ç^l Ç~)Šz§Ó#Ö:8561YX7071Y(uZ`Z−+Z{yWgizä)1011X9611ó~B8861YX6571Y(Zâš/~WÅāZk¹Åo~Zq-
%A$ÅX{yWgiz»ƒÐ(,ZZ‹Zntåā†ZßZ'äúZxÅi!*yÃZL¹ Þ³³ç]�…]ŸÖ³Ë³^Á ¹: ~¦Hì
LL¾ZT$ZB]~¹ÐZ,ZÖp÷�úZxÅi!*âV6,m|™ËuJ-ZKzßg]ÃÌ$+w`÷Ô÷†ZßZ'À˜ZknÆZÖpÃZyÅWy~ª™~ƒðßg]~É™ZyÃ{mZgŠz¯fe÷X1{yWgizäZÖpÆZKZ-ÉŠb
))))5555(((( ÷XóóLL¾ZT$ZB]ÆZÖp~CÙc*ãZzg…Cõzg{»K‡ìÔZkÆ£«~
uZ`Z−+{VWgizz‰ÜŹF,+i!*yÃgzZ`ŠbeT÷X÷†ZßZ'äx
ZzgúZxÅi!*yZzgZÖpÃRZzg9ŒÛZgŠ}™ZK¹~÷áï™1ì1WgizäZ¤/ZÖpÃÜHì1ZyÆ4,Šq-ÔúZxÆõzg}Zzg˜wÆZÖpÃ9ZÖpÆîg pZ,
c* 6,7™**Šg„7X{yWgizLâZŠgZÑÖpó~FñV6,¾ZT$ÆZÖpÃLi!*yè˜wóLi!*yè™r#g‚!óÆ%æFN›g]**xÐc*Š™D÷XZzgZkÆ£«~ÍZ1g~
i!*yÃyz*yŹF,+i!*yŒÛZgŠï÷XWgiz"ä÷†ZßZ'Å…CZzgúZòi!*yÆ£«~à~Zzg¹F,õzg}ÃgZò™äÅÃÒÅZzgxÆÈZzgŸ
))))6666(((( Æ£«~&Zzg&<å XEO[à-VÆÈÃgzZ`Šc*XóóZkjZáÐ{yWgiz"ÆPû}5±™,:
))))7777(((( óóóÖnÓàZÒ¡e^XeÓ^Íi^‡p‡e^áq`¡æÂç]Ýaß‚æ‰j^á]‰kóóó ÒÒÒÒ¡¡¡¡eeee^!!!!
)F,À:pL¯!*ó•½@*i~Ôyz*yÆYIZzgúZxÅi!*yì(�……‰³^Ö³äZµn��aß-Ö�Ó†ÝÚÏ‚Úè]Örn�XXÖnÓàZa†�ÙXÆ×¼Âç]Ýæ aaaa††††����ÙÙÙÙ!!!!
))))8888(((( �a^Înà]‰k‘vnxZa†]æÙX]‰kÒäÖËÀi†Òo]‰k
~Zk»pL7W45ë XEYLHÔl%îGZÄC4øEGIó–ƒZìþXpLCÙŠwóßìXúZx Ɔ]ñg]Ö×Ç^l )F,À:
ZzgrZgzVÅi!*yìXZk»9ÂLCÙZzwóì�F,ÅÂì(�……‰^ÖäZZ2nˆcÞ^2^�m‚åʆæe†�á(Þç]‡m‚áXXÖnÓàZµ<µãàX]‡e^áô]…�æ aaaa<<<<µµµµããããßßßß^!!!!
æ]a³Øô�`³†a³^ÞnŠ³k(�³^m³‚‡e³^áôγ†m^læÚç]•Äe^�‚æe‚màÚÃßoÞ,×ß^))))9999(((( �`†l�]…�óóó
~Zk»pLq~**eŠh+{�Ûz%æENŠyÔâZih+yó–ƒZìXpL7,ÆóZgŠzZzg Ƴ†]ñ³g]Ö×Ç^l )F,À:
59
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
àzZßVÅi!*y7X¸„ǃVZzgZkÆpÃ]Åi!*yƒÏXZzgZÏpLÃ_óW@*ì(ÉZq-({yWgizäúZxÃLZÅxó)=Yâg(¹ìZzgZyÅi!*yÊZ4è]÷áï™**Ô**oƒŒì:
�……‰³^Ö³äZZ�‰j³^…2³ä³×Ü›†]‡åXXÖnÓàZen†Ò>XÆ×¼Âç]Ýe‚i†]‡]ÞÃ^Ý eeeennnn††††ÒÒÒÒ>>>>!!!!
]‰³kæ]m³àΊ³Ü]ֳ˳^Á…]�]ì³ØÒ†�á2ß^72ä�nçå‘^ug]mà…‰^Öä]‰k))))00001111(((( ì_^‰k
~Zk»pLŠ*gpD§Zi{ó–ƒZìXpLÛÄóßìXtúZx»ÑÅxŠƳ†]ñ³g]Ö×Ç^l )F,À:
i!*yìXñÅýL¾ZT$ZB]äøD謊]ZL¹~Z,ZÖp÷áïK÷�ßì(ƈøg}ZgŠz¹âÁVÅZ•ðtÃÒg„āL´à Þ³ç]�…]ŸÖË^Á Zzg Ƴ†]ñ³g]Ö×Ç^l
i!*yóÐñZŠ�ÛZë™,Xª:Šg!*g~ZzgѶVÅi!*yÔR÷á²zVƯxZzgZŠ'VÆ�~0*gzVÐXZ¤/¹âöL!*iZg~i!*yóÔLúZxÅi!*yóÔLrZgzVÅi!*yóZzg‰L§VÅi!*yó)XÃçÑ}−6B¸(ZzgLZì&ßÍVÅi!*yóÃZL¹~÷áï™ä6,6gƒ@*Âz{Z,¸]Æ‚tL)ài!*yóc*L´wÐ!*CÙóû{˜¸X}:
z{¿�Ë»‡ì£xƒÔZzg*Z*ŠZzg±sxÆZzgÎZsxÆZzgzV6,Ì�&Zzgw†gfs ÑÑÑÑ::::))))11111111(((( ™D÷‰Šgi~
tZ˜b7g[zZßVÆtõzg}~b]Æ7XZkzZWt´wÐ!*CÙìZzg ÍÍÍÍ××××VVVV::::b]èHví÷á{˜VW!*ŠÆ4,Šq-t[ìXpZ[çÅgZ{ÐZÒzVÅi!*y6,WY@*ìXZ%z{!*)è�»!*CÙzZßVÆìX1Zk**xÐ%ZŠtìāZÒW:~–ÉzZßVÆZ,
X ))))22221111(((( gºƒD÷))))33331111(((( %Zzg0*y&zZàxXWiUgfsxÆWŠò8o/õ EG:ahñhg $$$$µµµµàààà::::
))))44441111(((( )´w!*CÙì(TÔ� ����yyyy::::))))55551111(((( sxÔ**ðÔŠgi~z){ZŠÌ&™äzZáWŠñVÃÔZyÆpl™äžnÐë÷X ÑÑÑÑ::::
)1(eÑÅÔÈg~Ô‚il»g‚i~Ô�hÂh)2(Z*Š~Ôƒâg~)3(D+Û)4(.$CbÔ »»»»gggg****ãããã::::ÑZg]Ô$+~Ô�Z0~)tÂÃgÏL»g*yó/p:L»g{:ózL»gÇ{óÐ1ŠHìXaVā»g{âV~ZÒ)v[ßvƒD÷ZzgZyÆ:LЊy½eÑHVZzg$+çâVÔÇàÔ‰az){gS
))))66661111(((( ìZkzzÐtpƒ‰X))))77771111(((( ¹!*'™äzZÑÔ&ÀöEOÔÅhé OyÔZzgL!*ÂyóÌë÷1L!*Âãó¹ìX !!!!****ÂÂÂÂãããã::::
ZZZZggggŠŠŠŠzzzz¹¹¹¹ââââ++++~~~~ZZZZzzzz!!!!pppp~~~~::::-gàÅ$+zªÔZgŠz¹â+~(,~p´VWNX~ÐZëp~t¶:úZxÅi!*yÃ
¹~ZÌŠbX-gàÆyz*yWäÆŠz(,}£œ¸:ˆg]ZzgVXZyŠz£œÃæÃgnp60
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
ƒñZy»uz»g£òßÍVÐåX0*Šg~ZL_úZx6,Šwd™äÆaZ-Åi!*y~’k,Zzg½k,™D¸XOVpZyÐgZ‚gppÆa-gàZLîg6,�Û45»4è
XEYGZzg]%A$™D¸XZyÆ
¹âöÔZŠ!i!*yÐic*Š{¬x1wewÅi!*y6,izgŠïXZkaāz{ZŠ!i!*yÐic*Š{úZòi!*yЊw8o-ö FFgnp¸Xz{i!*yÆTU6,ic*Š{izgŠc*™D¸z{õzgƒZ]Ô¢[ZÑVwZzg¹z]z1wewÅi!*y¶XÅpgìā-g8Z°âöÌi!*yÆZkUÐæŠfe¸XLLc}äZL¸Z°Å
-g8¹âÁV~ƒÐZë**xZö‰eÚ‰¢5ÒèE
GE ))))88881111(((( ãCŠgzi%{1àYäzZài!*y6,c*1à6,g¿ìXóó]cÞn³ça³ß³‚æ‰j³³^Þ³o]Þ³,³×³�JÒ�߆p ì2VäZgŠz¹â+Ã*gcŠc*XZö‰eÚ‰¢5Òè
EGEä
)7921ó~B9781Y(%A$ŶXZk¹Å{m!*]tìāZk~Z3ÿXLyÅ1ààÃãCŠ~ZÌŠ~ˆìZzg«%ûZkõzg}Zzggzi%}Ã’k,~¤/Ä~1ŠHì�¡úgÂVкm¸X/VÆZEwÅVBÌúZxÅWÔZyŹzÂVZzgEVÐàIXZ,VäÔ¹âÁVÐDe$Åāz{ßÍVÅgzi%{W~ZEwƒäzZáZÖp»f™„7™DZzg²!ÔÃgÏc*©]ÆZ,**ââkZÖpÆîâgΊï÷�¬xWŠòÅWc*’k,~LZEw7ƒDX¢5Òè
EGEäúgÂVÅ1wew6,Àò
û{™Dƒñ–ìāZyÅi!*y~°Z^s�£Ï!*'Ç÷Zy~Š"ÅeÝÔìwÅ»^Ô/V»ZN[ZzgŸ»!*7-6¾w6,ìXZ,VäŠâd~tHìāX/VÃZkäZK¹~Šg`HìZy~ÐZÒZÌÂ1V~(70*nZzg%A$äZy»iZEwÔ¡ßÍVÅ!*]’A~Š¬ì:
LLZk¹»Z-ÑÔyz*EVÅ1wewÅi!*yŠ3**ìXOVp¬xßÍVÅgzi%{¬ŠZ]Ô i!*yÐØZ@Z~.K‰÷XtØZ@ZyÆçÑC™ŠZgÔu¤/xVÔZÜtÔ1111(((( 9999)))) ZNŠZ]ÔgÌgìVŶKyŠ„™D÷�ÔZyÅgzi%{i0+Ï~Y‰÷Xóó
LLZgŠz¹â+~t«!*gìāLgri!*yó÷áïƒìXti!*yZ[J-ÃZ0+ZiŶZkaā¹â+ÆZ0+gZ`~Ђ4åX2Zk¹~úgÂVÅi!*y
(((( 00002222 )))) »{™ÒpHŠHìXóóLLi!*yÅŠzªÔZkÅ1wewìXßÍVÅi0+{Zzggzi%{i!*yÔZ[J-(,~uJ-
øg}¸]иT$¸X‰‰‰1wewZ+i!*yìāZ#J-iâyzkyZYi]
Š}ÇÂZkz‰ÜJ-ÔÓx-gkVÅæŠ}ÇX»·Z7ÔßÍVÆ‚BgZ‚g´ìXZ[J-ÅèƒðÂ1VZzgŠv¸]~¬xZzgŠŒCßÍVÅi!*y7Q
(((( 11112222 )))) ìYVāZyÅZzgZŠ!z¹i!*y~¹‚�ÛtìXóóOVp¢5Òè
EGEäZLèÃg{¹~ƒÐic*Š{LŠZkÆZÃgÐ083ÔZzgnZºW!*Š~ÆZÃgÐ
61
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
: ))))22222222(((( 001ÔZzgŠzìÅāÐ022ÔØZ@Z~.K¸LLnÆZÃgßÍVÅi!*y6,Yg~÷ÔZyÆZÃg~f‚ZzgZˆkÅëW°Ã
WCìÔZyÆZÃgÔZq-W\m�÷ÔZ,VäZLZÃg~¾d$Zzg"'ßÍV2222(((( 3333)))) »ìwg3ìÔz{WiZŠOZKy¸Xóó
äZLZq-*y>Zy:'×Zb " ¢5ÒèE
GEÅZk].]I~äZyù¸g~ÐXñÑ**Z®s@qà6921ó~&9781Y(~–ì: i`„mg]Ÿì¡Ñ( )g‚!
LLZ#Zôm,~Z¶gâÁVä¢5ÒèE
GEƹ6,tZ‹ZnHåāZkeÖ~ÃÃg'Zzg]½h42.çI
FJG6,ZkÆÎZÃðF,ß7ìāZk~DÙZgzVÇ1VZzgeõzg}Z,÷�ÔZy~7÷ÂÃå'äZq-¿�Z[Š}™ƒÃ‚•™Šc*X
¢5ÒèE
GEä¹:Ãg'Zzg]½h42.çI
FJGÔÜs¸]ZgŠzÅeÖc*V÷Zzgøg~Â[ÔZgŠzÆÎZÔyz*EVÅË»ÌWsìZzgZyÆZÜtZzgábz_.!*].e$÷{
))))44442222(((( îgÐÃWD÷XóóZºnZ,qÑ]~Zq-£òZgŠz¹âöä(,~Z]Æ‚B¬x:i!*yÅZq-¹
%A$ŶXññññßßßß~~~~····¡¡¡¡aaaa©©©©~~~~ÅÅÅŹ¹¹¹::::
~Zy» ‰Ãn‚]Ö×Ç^l ¡a©~ÆÃZ[Æ!*z�ŠqÝ7ƒnXÜsZyÅZq-@*;7gZ**xïŠH:Z1ZdZ0ñÑ**.Z/Z1Z²ñß~†Z=ZHzs/ñß~xyYyX¡a©~÷á¤/›œ·Z
¡a©~Å,·£?8iïELfs÷�0391Y~- ))))55552222(((( ¥−)Z»g~÷á{W!*Š~)zÃ]:9191Y(¸Xˆ~Ô»y7gÐ÷áùƒN:
ֳ۳ó^lôÚ³ßn³†m³Ã³ß³oÚ³ßn³†]Ö³×Ç^lÊ^…‰o!Úv^æ…]lôÞŠç]7æì^”en,Û^lÒo þ‡e^á!+ßrnßä]Îç]Ùæìˆmßè]ŸÚ%^Ù!Æ×¼]ÖÃç]ÝæÚj†æÕ]ÖÓ¡ÝVZk~tIt#÷áï÷:
zZzw:¡èZÖp)Zy”gsZÖpÅ¡XÆZ²Z[ß�g÷(XzŠzx~b9÷:)1(z{õzgZ]�W>z**tЬázuƒñ)2(z{õzgZ]�ÔZyÆiâä~ázuƒñ)3(z{õzgZ]�ÔZyÆázuƒñ)4(z{ZÖp�‰Æ4,Šq-‡.ÞèF,uZzg‰Æ4,Šq-**‡.ÞèF,u÷)5(z{Š*õzgZ]�ðh~F,çÆ‚BgZò÷)6(ZÖº¹z)¹Å=ôZzgWy~ZÖºŠwzèñxÅ¥ôXÚv^æ…]lô$Ï^l]ÂßoÚßn†]ÖÛv^æ…]lV /Šz¢,:«Zzw~i!*yèZgŠzÆz{õzgZ]ìZ‹ŠèZ*ŠZyèyŠg`÷X»ûèÜs].Z].Z
62
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
ìXŠzu~¢~ÃgÏõzgZ]É™ZyÆáZsÓxõzgZ]èZgŠzCñ‰÷XÚ×ÔÒo‡e^á]ÚÆæÍeäÚv^æ…]lôaß‚æ‰j^áV /
zZzw:õzgZ]z¢[ZÑVwšZ‹Š¦K‰÷�i!*yiŠ{mz¬x÷XzŠzx:ZyZÖpÅE+Pz@*-MìZ‹ŠX
Úßn†]Öfn^áÊoivÏnÐ]Ö׊^áV /~zŠ‹ÆZIèZsxÆõzgZ]»�ÛtFKMèwzsè{ByzƒVÆõzgZ]»�ÛtFKMèwzsè{ByzƒVZzg›âVÆ{m{mõzgZ]»�ÛtFKMèwzsè{Bz{)i!*yÆZÖp�ÔZgŠzƇ~eJwa‰÷:¡Zzw:©]Zzgy~ZÖp�&;5å XEO¯a‰X¡Šzx:ÃgÏÔ²!zF,ÅZÖp�m¯a‰X¡Îx:ÃgÏpZ**yèyÆZºZ¦ZÖpFKMèwzsè
{X¡Xgx:Zôm,~ZÖp�&;5å XEO¯a‰XìXóóZkÆ&{÷: Ú†]é]ÖÛßn† eZË2+k,WiZŠÆ–w:LL¡a©~»¤/ZVŠg»x
T~ZgŠzÆZÖpÔõzgZ]Zzg¢[ZÑVwìZ‹Š÷áïìX Úßn†]Ö×Ç^l! : ªzT~ZgŠzZ˜q]ÆçãZzgZÄZƯxÐZyÅ Ú³ßn³†]Ö³Û³’_×v^l! ŠzuZz:
Z‹ŠZ~.ň÷X))))66662222(((( T~ZZwzZVwÅ=%]Zzg¬]÷áï÷X Úßn†]ÖrÛ^Ù! ŠZz:»Sà_·7HYñ e^‡]…p‡e^áEæD]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á Z[¡a©~»¹:
ÇTÆg~0391Y~qY·ÃZ0qY·GÔ-ˆ~Ô»y7gÐ÷áùŶXZgŠz¹â+~L¬x:ZgŠz¹óÆjZáЫÔ!*‡°{ZzgZ]qZ:ÃÒìXƒÐ«!*]tìÂ[»ÄZy„¼ï]C@*ì:
ZkŠzg~çÑ}~¼ßÍVÅi!*yŠzuVÅi!*yÐZµê¶X ZZZZ³³³³XXXXçÑ}~¼&zgzVÅi!*yÔgzi%{i0+ÏÐZ¶X [[[[XXXXZyŠz5VÃçÑ}~−6Æ&Y@*åZzgZyÅi!*yw!*CÙX `XXXX
ZºnZk¹~&Z‚2èi!*y»¬gsŠc*ŠHì:¬x!*iZg~i!*yX{mèzVÅi!*y nnnnZZZZzzzzwwww::::õzgZ]è¬x:)!*iZg-VÅi!*y6,÷F,Ôp]Åi!*y6,ÁF,( nnnnŠŠŠŠzzzzxxxx::::{m9])¹!*iZyÔ&zgZyz){(:ZAVÔ%æENE¢}é GO1VÔÚIVÔ0*É43ðGGVÔUZâVÔ nnnnÎÎÎÎxxxx::::
�Zg-VÔl±VÔŠÆäOßVÔi**âVÔ3‘VÔ¢!*izVÔ\<å INXzVÔMzVÔ>!*âVÔ¢}é GOÇVÔ))))77772222(((( ðgzVZzgñwVÅZ˜²X
63
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
!!!!****iiiiZZZZgggg~~~~ßßßßvvvvÃÃÃÃyyyy¸????!*iZg~ßvÃçÑ}~LL**÷á+óóZzgLL)&<å XEO[óóŒYD¸XOVpZk¹~}} (X i
LL!*iZg~óóæè£.ÞèLLp]óóc*LLv[óóßvŒÛZgŠc*ŠHìX‰:‰‰‰Zy"3ð FGOVÆfg)ÐZörYD÷X~‰**v1VZzg�Zg-VÆöƒD """"5555éééé FFFFGGGGOOOO::::
2222(((( 8888)))) ÷ZgzgZz!*ØVÆZzg‰v[ßÍVÆX2222(((( 9999)))) p]LLPóó1s÷X eeee0000++++::::
(((( 00003333 )))) ‰‰‰tö�Zg-VZzgv1V~œuìX aaaaŠŠŠŠ{{{{::::))))11113333(((( p]ÜsLLây!*\óó1s÷X ââââyyyy!!!!****7777yyyy::::
ËÆjAÐiZZ+»x™ä6,ZkÅ#™**X¬x:!*iZg-VÅi!*y6,9p] vvvvââââgggg¿¿¿¿ÐÐÐÐ::::))))22223333(((( Åi!*y6,²X
Z¹çÑ}~LLYIóóŒY@*åX‰: (X ii
))))33333333(((( ±6,zglXYŠVZzg**pZ0+zV»õzg{ìX 6666,,,,zzzz4444::::))))44443333(((( ²n™äÅ(6,X ����ÛÛÛÛââââ********:::: / �ÛâäÆ£x6,x1s÷ ²²²²nnnn™™™™********::::
tßvZÒ"ƒŠ{»ñV~ÑgT¸XZÒ!*iZg~ZknÆöȸ:SþÔ',7Õä EOÔNh~ (X iii
÷Ô�Zg~ÔauÔÍ1VZzg÷~X‰:!*iZg~ß&+zV»öT~¼Ãhc*Vá™&c*eg±ÆZq-Šzu}~w÷Zq-±»¥ SSSSþþþþ::::
))))55553333(((( ì!*¹â0+{±ÆZK~;gÛAzZàg¶—gnp÷�¶zZуìZÐz{g¶QìX!*iZg~±ÃV»Zq-öāZq-äWçÈÅŠzu}äŠðwâg~Zzg7Yā¾ WWWWççççññññccccŠŠŠŠLLLLÚÚÚÚoooo::::
))))66663333(((( äŠðwâg~Z¤/ZkäCŠc*ŠðwÎäzZÑagIZX))))77773333(((( !*iZg~ß&+zV»Zq-öì&Zk§bÈ÷‰‰‰ NNNNhhhh~~~~÷÷÷÷::::
tßvic*Š{F,)‡âã»ñV~ÑgT¸X‰: (X iv
$+çØVÅZ˜b~|軚/ZËuu6,¤/Z™SŠOQŠOñµ»³gxXZ#Ãð‚Š{ßb ]]]]::::
WŠòÎä»™™ZÐZVá−ÂZkÆ0*kæÈ:)™**ZzgWyè»gWŠñÅÑ•6,!*ëçn))))88883333(((( ™¢8XZknÅe1ÌÃL]óë÷X
ZyÅi!*y~¼{m§¯•¥ƒ@*å�tßvZJVÐZzg"Œ~ÌZEw™D¸X (X v
‰ā:))))99993333(((( Ý0+Zì!*iZg~i!*y6,X ZZZZ""""::::
))))00004444(((( ðè YãÔYy YYYYyyyyBBBB»»»»::::
64
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
65
!!!!****iiiiZZZZgggg~~~~iiii!!!!****yyyyÅÅÅÅSSSS::::]]]]::::ßCpZ]: 1XZk¹ÅƒÐ(,~p!tìāZ0+gZY]Æ‚tÈÌŠb‰÷TÐ¥xƒ@*ì
āÈ»Z«<ů6,£g~Ьx:~$+wYYìTÐt¥xƒ@*ìā!*iZg~i!*y~ß]z){(¹ƒD¸X!*[Îx~tcňāLÈ è ßCpZ])fÔv.sÔ»ÔZ‚ÛZ÷
Æ—hů6,£g~Ьx:~$+mìXZk¹~!*iZg~i!*yŃÐúc*VS¤tIZðYC¶XZzgZyÆßCpZ]~tÌ÷áïìātßvZÖpÃééÆ1s¸X)‰L%æEM±ï MGóÃL%æEN‡±ï MGó1Ü(÷áh+ZkaāZkZ0+ZiÐz{ZCg−)ŠZ[eZwMh¸XZq-Šw8iï FF!*]ìāXc*CÈÆZ0+gZY]Æ‚t¡a©~ä¼øpû{–ìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGfs:LZâxŠ3óÔLÒ:óÔL"ÚðóÔL"¾óÔLQuW!*ŠóÔL')45é GJGóÔLŠgzÂóZzgLg¬[óX1v.s: .1
))))22224444(((( O}ZÚÔZâZzgZkŠgÆ1s÷ ZZZZ||||ÔÔÔÔZZZZ����:::: ))))11114444(((( Z% ZZZZÅÅÅÅ3333ïïïïEEEEGGGG::::))))44444444(((( LL"Z²ðóóÅèyZ[ňì """"ÚÚÚÚðððð:::: ))))33334444(((( TŠgÔA 88885555éééé EEEELLLLGGGGOOOOÔÔÔÔ8888----öööö EEEELLLLGGGGOOOO::::
))))66664444(((( Í“ ÍÍÍÍllll:::: ))))55554444(((( !*¸LLÄóó $$$$oooo----ööööGGGGEEEE::::
2»: .1))))88884444(((( LLāóóÅèyZ[ňì ]]]]4444hhhhÒÒÒÒïïïï
EEEEGGGG:::: ))))77774444(((( �½½½½::::))))00005555(((( °¤/ rrrr¨ÐÐÐÐöööö
GGGG¤¤¤¤////:::: ))))99994444(((( k
rrrr©©©©5555ÿÿÿÿEEEE
GGGG::::))))22225555(((( ¸ ¡¡¡¡ÒÒÒÒýýýý
GGGGNNNN:::: ))))11115555(((( E----::::))))33335555(((( ®µµµµ::::
3f: .1))))55555555(((( ÂLLî:óóÅèyZ[ňì ÒÒÒÒ:::::::: ))))44445555(((( )¡Åì( L$š-@î EEGFó»Ãì !!!!****’’’’@@@@îîîî
EEEEFFFF::::
))))77775555(((( L+Bhé FEIQóÐ%ZŠì &&&&4444hhhhéééé FFFFEEEEIIII{{{{:::: ))))66665555(((( L"uxóÃZ&bŠ~ˆì """"¾¾¾¾::::))))99995555(((( |] 8888{{{{ïïïï MMMMEEEEMMMMGGGG:::: ))))88885555(((( "z°Ð¼qÝ:ƒ** ++++BBBBhhhhéééé FFFFEEEEIIII{{{{;;;;BBBB~~~~gggg{{{{YYYY********::::))))11116666(((( íl ››››:::: ))))00006666(((( {É {{{{±±±±nnnn....çççç
IIIIGGGG::::
))))33336666(((( L$åO¬ó»Ã $$$$åååå NNNNOOOOZZZZ:::: ))))22226666(((( LŠZgzÂóÃZ&bŠ~ˆì ŠŠŠŠggggzzzzÂÂÂÂ::::
ß]: è 4Z‚ÛZ÷ .1))))55556666(((( :"„WŠò """"„„„„ZZZZìììì ))))44446666(((( Â%æEM±ï MGóóÃ/
¢-B54èEGG
GEz»sFŠ1s÷ %%%%ææææEEEENNNNMMMM±±±±ïïïï OOOOGGGG::::))))77776666(((( 6,zZƒZ 6666,,,,zzzzZZZZðððð:::: ))))66666666(((( !*iZg~i!*y6,ì;}ƒiYg~ì 6666,,,,zzzzZZZZ{{{{::::
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
66
))))99996666(((( !*¸zŠZwUzjyzZzczsL"3ðGEOgó HHHHzzzzgggg:::: ))))88886666(((( !*iZg~i!*y6,/
¢-B54èEGG
GEYg~ì ++++BBBBïïïïGGGGLLLLEEEEMMMMGGGG::::
))))11117777(((( /¢-B54èEGG
GEÂ9LLÜóó/jyçì ÜÜÜÜ:::: ))))00007777(((( !*iZg~i!*y6,»sFŠ<bYg~ì9/æ»sì $$$$ððððGGGGMMMMMMMM®®®®ÿÿÿÿ
OOOO::::))))33337777(((( ÂLg−)óÅèyZ[ňì gggg¬¬¬¬[[[[:::: ))))22227777(((( !*3zìiZ}!™A*î E!*iZg~i!*y6,ì §§§§®®®®tttt::::
))))55557777(((( ¡ ¬¬¬¬™™™™:::: ))))44447777(((( !*iZg~i!*y~/¢-B54èEGG
GEYg~ì ®®®®¦¦¦¦ŠŠŠŠ::::
5ÂÆwzs~p~: .1ÂLL0óó6,Áe$ƒðìX ''''))))44445555éééé
GGGGJJJJGGGG:::: ))))66667777(((( ÂLLZâ-$óóÅyZ! ZZZZ''''++++....ïïïïEEEE
HHHH::::))))77777777(((( !*iZg~i!*yZzgúgÂVÅi!*y6,Yg~ì
))))88887777(((( ÂLL¸g]óóÅyZ[ňì ZZZZ»»»»gggg]]]]::::
6psß]: .1))))99997777(((( LL�ÛcW!*ŠóóÅèyZ[ňì QQQQuuuuWWWW!!!!****ŠŠŠŠ::::
))))00008888(((( %æGN]%æFN]çn™**ZYƒ@*ìZÈxZzgZOx',Z¥xƒ@*ì 9999ZZZZöööö����ÛÛÛÛccccWWWW!!!!****ŠŠŠŠ~~~~::::))))22228888(((( !*iZg~i!*y~LLkîóó»áZŠsŠpw™** VVVVkkkkîîîî:::: ))))11118888(((( /ìzZzczsLLÔÃóó ÔÔÔÔpppp::::))))44448888(((( Šr- ŠŠŠŠ$$$$:::: ))))33338888(((( !*¸zâVêzìñu{LLMóó qqqq::::
))))55558888(((( !*3z»s<bX!*iZg~i!*y6,Yg~ìX9/jy»sì ££££°°°°ææææ MMMM::::))))77778888(((( >{™** uuuuŠŠŠŠ{{{{™™™™********:::: ))))66668888(((( !*iZg~i!*y/ìgZ}UYg~ì uuuucccc::::
))))99998888(((( »½ ‡‡‡‡½½½½:::: ))))88888888(((( ÂL ±±±±::::))))00009999(((( ZyÅi!*y~ic*Š{F,ZnqZEwƒ@*åZzgz{Ì@*,è·X‰: 2222XXXX
9999(((( 1111)))) .eZËÐÁizg ZZZZâââ⊊ŠŠââââ::::9999(((( 2222)))) !*iZg~WzZg{±ÃV»õzg{XË',±ÆÅÚ�–KÌ:!*0+ñƒz} OOOOLLLLÈÈÈÈVVVV::::
9999(((( 4444)))) ÂU*ã·ìÔ1!*iZg~i!*y6,Yg~ì uuuueeeeyyyy:::: 9999(((( 3333)))) 38Y**pgŠ',Š™** llll0000++++xxxxppppgggg0000++++xxxx™™™™********::::9999(((( 6666)))) (,ZÑk,ì ....$$$$ÂÂÂÂìììì:::: 9999(((( 5555)))) $+jZϤg~ƒ** dddd----öööö
HHHHOOOO####----öööö EEEEHHHHOOOOÈÈÈÈwwwwYYYY********::::
tßvZKi!*y~Z°Å!VÅ6,zZ7™D¸X‰: 3X))))77779999(((( ZC™1ì ZZZZCCCCÐÐÐÐ1111ìììì::::
))))88889999(((( :!*iZg~i!*y6,ZzgúgÂVÅi!*y6,„Yg~ìXzg:Üs\kc*m1Ü9ì \\\\kkkkÅÅÅÅmmmm))))99999999(((( ÝL~óic*Š{ìXLŠg|ó~XÝLŠgóic*Š{ìX1!*iZg~xÅi!*y6,Yg~ì wwww~~~~::::
))))111100001111(((( !*iZg~i!*y6,LÅgZ]ó»L{iZZ+÷áïì ‘‘‘‘ÞÞÞÞŠŠŠŠ]]]]ÅÅÅÅggggZZZZ]]]]:::: ))))000000001111(((( ¦»ÂzZuÅ(Ùì gggg¬¬¬¬cccc****::::
ZyÅi!*y$C)Z7gC(i!*yƒC¶X‰: 4X))))444400001111(((( Ÿ1VÐ%ZŠì qqqq~~~~ÈÈÈȸðððð:::: ))))333300001111(((( )tìi!*yÐ aaaaõõõõ:::: ))))222200001111(((( %Š²;è
NXE‚w 6666,,,,ZZZZããããÅÅÅÅ6666,,,,~~~~::::
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
67
ZyÅi!*y$WöZÖp1áYD¸X‰: 5X))))666600001111(((( Ý#ËÅÚ ÇÇÇÇ»»»»ÔÔÔÔjjjj»»»»:::: ))))555500001111(((( /æè»sèÃgÏXÝ# &&&&44445555éééé EEEELLLLHHHHNNNNGGGG
¯ÍÍÍÍ----????ççççEEEEEEEEzzzz::::
))))888800001111(((( WÛ™**X!*iZg~Z˜b5Æz‰Ü1àYCì $$$$ððððGGGGMMMMMMMMÉÉÉÉåååå OOOOƒƒƒƒ********:::: ))))777700001111(((( Ý#ËÅÚ ÈÈÈÈïïïï::::
))))000011111111(((( Ý#ËÅ÷áy~ gggg{{{{{{{{}}}}~~~~:::: ))))999900001111(((( Ý›g]WöÐËÃæ[™** HHHHssss»»»»::::))))111111111111(((( ÝE+?#¥ÅÚ vvvvÃÃÃÃääää~~~~èèèèuuuu»»»»ÆÆÆÆ::::
ZyÅi!*y~¼{m§¯•¥ƒ@*å�tßvZJV~"Œ~c*ŠzuzVÆ‚B$+×~ 6X))))333311111111(((( YyB»:YãÔYyèð ÔÔÔÔ ))))222211111111(((( Æ‚BZEw™D¸X‰:Z":Ý0+Zì!*iZg~i!*y6,
ô@*$Æîg6,{mZØ!*]zæ!*]ZEw™D÷X‰: 7X11111111(((( 5555)))) ¯yÔ
(Ÿ-ŸhéFFWŠò ŠŠŠŠððððÂÂÂÂáááá:::: 11111111(((( 4444)))) Ÿ1VÐ%ZŠì qqqq~~~~ÈÈÈȸðððð::::
z{ŠzuzV»Òp:™DZzgÒ]ÐZyÅi!*yŠÙxн~ƒC¶X‰: 8X))))666611111111(((( Zq-nÅÇàìX)ŠÃgÅÚ�úZxÅi!*y6,Yg-gSìpZmÌ1s÷( ((((,,,,aaaaŠŠŠŠ::::
))))777711111111(((( "ZÝÔ"ãCŠª©»²ìXwZòìÔâV!*\»è7ì {{{{ÅÅÅÅZZZZ&&&&++++ZZZZìììì::::z{½Æ!*g}~c*ÒZÖpic*Š{F,1s¸X‰: 9X
))))999911111111(((( )q™Z**ÔZÝx™Z** eeeeLLLLÚÚÚÚ3333********:::: ))))888811111111(((( ÍiÆg#ƒgxX$+×WzZg{±ÃV»õzg{ ZZZZœœœœyyyy&&&&ååååFFFFOOOOyyyy::::))))111122221111(((( )q™** ââââgggg********:::: ))))000022221111(((( )qÅ+M™** áááá7777,,,,********::::
ÉZq-(ZyÅi!*yZ↶ā¡a©~Ð',ŠZ“7ƒðZzgZ,Vä7gZÂÌ7–ZzgZkÅ(Ô))))222222221111(((( á]Æ�l~(z$+¼7Îp 9999ZZZZ‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰!!!!****ŠŠŠŠ÷÷÷÷áááá{{{{ÆÆÆÆ'''',,,,ZZZZ'''',,,,:::: &y)‰‰‰(Îñ÷X
ZyÅi!*y~ZÖp»(,Zfí{ƒ@*åXt*¯D¸c*Zq-ÂЊzuZ*ÂF,Zº¸X‰: 01X22221111(((( 4444)))) Z•M»•Z ZZZZDDDDCCCC:::: 22221111(((( 3333)))) ¸…Ô"ƒl ZZZZ††††JJJJ::::
22221111(((( 6666)))) \B5éEEyè"ZÝz· iiiiffff$$$$ÔÔÔÔiiii2222$$$$ÔÔÔÔiiiiffff$$$$!!!!ÔÔÔÔiiiiffff$$$$!!!!!!!!****!!!!:::: 22221111(((( 5555)))) ¹±ZðÔ×Z™äzZÑ 9999ŸŸŸŸººººéééé EEEEMMMMOOOOhhhh::::
22221111(((( 7777)))) ˆ»g{Ô· ºººº))))gggg1111ŠŠŠŠ::::ZEw )¸„'×ZOZ0+Zi~( ÅZ˜q]ÃZKi!*y~ )¬xîg6,'׊zgzVZzgvuzZác( z{Šzu}§V 11X
™D¸X‰:))))888822221111(((( !*zgwVÅi!*y~â�¢ezw~Zz6,ÐeZwŠc*Yz} eeeezzzzggggZZZZ::::
))))999922221111(((( ‚iOäzZÑeJg-VÅZ˜bì ––––ŠŠŠŠZZZZ::::
21XZyƼZÖpçÑ}Ågzi%{i!*y~ŠZ4ƒ‰¸X‰:))))000033331111(((( ÈtāH·!*'™DƒXp]Åi!*y6,ÌYg~ì ZZZZiiiiƒƒƒƒYYYYƒƒƒƒÐÐÐÐ::::
))))111133331111(((( ¬xz{mÅi!*y6,/¢-B54èEGG
GEYg~ì uuuuåååå MMMMMMMMgggg::::
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
68
cccc:::: èèèè ââââ°°°°(ƒ** descriptive ZÞ,œ~~¹â+ÆyZy~tc¹g„ā¹ÃÂr3§öG
E) D
)6ì(ƒ**ecc*Zkà decoding (?H¹ÃÜs prescriptive ecc*?m,~)gÌZ�ÔÈZzgçã )6ƒ**(̃**ec?ª¹ÅF,KM~:Z0+gZY]Æ encoding
ÅŒZzwßg]Šg`™**ecc*Šg„F,+Zzg4+ßg]Êg`™**ec?¹âöi!*yÅÂ�™äzZÑìc*?m,™äzZÑ?LLñ�Š{Šz§¹â+~têHŠHā¹ÃLÂr3§öG
Eóƒ**
)W~‰Z~‰ZsÔ6002YÔ`4Ôm804( ecZzg¹»»xìāi!*yÆÙZzgŒZzwßg]Êg`™**XóóÀ˜ic*Š{F,¬x:ZÖpÔZq-¡~ñ]»DgƒYD÷XZkaāt�ŧb¢W@*Zzg D`Y@*ìXª¬x:Zq-ˆg~Ô¬gèZzgzzi!*yìX¦/g}ƒñÀƹЬx:ÔW`71áYDZzgñ�Š{ŠzgƹЬx:ÔWäzZáÀ~7‹ðŠ,ÐX¼Z,¬x:X÷�L7%Dp£g~i!*y~Ì÷áï7ƒ0*DXÍc*Z,¬x: DÌX÷�xœ-VЬx:Æ|x~„ŒYD÷ZzgZhZyÃÅg~)c*)Åg~(îg6,£g~i!*yÆ÷áïƒäÅZYi]7ŠtX}ZgŠz~ñß~·¡a©~Å
]æÖnà]…�æ )0391Y(ZzgeZËgƒs0*gNÅ e³³^‡]…p‡e³³^áæ]‘_¡u³^lôµn�³äæ…]á
)6002Y(~ÌtŠz¬x:X÷: ‰×nß-ÖÇk
à]¹¼ZƼ7 NNNN****NNNNNNNN****NNNN----::::Ôm98( ]æÖnà]…�æ‰×nß-ÖÇk ) / Ôm5( e^‡]…p‡e^áæ]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á )
ËÆÃZ+}~gêeZÜÔŠg9WiZgƒ** ggggllll,,,,||||ââââgggg********::::Ôm641( ]æÖnà]…�æ‰×nß-ÖÇk ) / Ôm9( e^‡]…p‡e^áæ]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á )
‰**Šg!*iZg~i!*yƼZÖpc*ÈÔiâä¦/gäÆ‚B‚B¬x:ÃZŠ!i!*yc*çÑ} D~Z�ZxÆsV~JwHìZzgZ¹£g~i!*yÅz„~÷áï™1ŠHìX‰:
))))888833331111(((( âs ))))777733331111((((ÔÔÔÔ Ôµnƒ** ))))666633331111(((( Ôƒ43ï EGOG ))))555533331111(((( ŠzZð Ô ))))444433331111(((( Ô|g0÷ ))))333333331111(((( Ôeà ))))222233331111(((( Z®é OŠ®é O
qgzfs'~Zk¹ÆZ0+gZY]»W`ÀÆŠzgÐñZi:HŠHìTÐ¥xƒ@*))))999933331111(((( ìāZŒZŠèiâ:Æ!*)~!*iZg~ZÖpÔ)£g~ZzgQ£g~ÅR6,VMh÷Xñ�Š{Šzg )0391Y( e‡]…p‡eáEæD]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á ñ�Š{Šzg )0391Y( e‡]…p‡eáEæD]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á
¬x: wZxŠZh|5 gŠ "¾
¬x: e¡™** )gŠ 6,ZãÅ7,~
¬x: gZî ¬x: 7ó„gì
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
69
¬x: g¦™** ¬x: Y–
¬x: gl,|âg** ¬x: N*8-¢8
)gŠ ¤Ë ¬x: ^)
gŠ Ãp )gŠ Äh**
¬x: ë^) ¬x: Ä7,
¬x:¹»ƒÐ(,ZÃZ+{tìāçÑ}ÆZ�ÛZŠÃl!¥xƒY@*ìāê~Ô%æFN$¹ÒýGO D
âjwZzggŠñV~ÁÁZÖp1%ÐZA[™**ecXªñµzû»Òp™**XOVp!*iZg~i!*y)z(Z˜q]è&zgZyÆDäÂ[ÆWy~Ô~Â[Å°p~-V–ì:
LLZkiâ:F,¹ÔZgŠz~̬xi!*y~7,ñ‘|Z]Zzg!*iZg~ßvU/UÃWD÷ɉ‰%ûÂÜ]èeÌi!*yèp]6,Yg~ƒYD÷XZkaZk
!*]Å.e$¢zg]¶āZyÜ]ZzgZÖpÅ7g~îgÐ=ô™Š~Yñ@*ā&<å XEO[0*gKÆ|Z]Zzg{m™CñæZgkÿZjwþZyÐZ�Zi™,Zzg‚B„‚BZkÆÓx&zgzVZzgŠÆäOßVz){Æ{mZ˜q]ÌÉŠbYN@*ā@*
1111(((( 00004444 )))) āßvZyÅeÑÅЃXóóLLtZq-Ð|ìā£gåZz6,Й7ƒ@*ÉnÐZ½™W@*ìX�¼úZx1s D
÷z{gCgCpZmÌJw™fe÷XSîZq-F,¹5+k,çÑ}~˜V"¡Zz6,Z½™W@*))))111144441111(((( gìÔt¿ZzgÌ!~ЃÇXOVp£g~i!*yÔ÷á+i!*y7É0*òyèi!*yìXóó
ZgŠz~pDÔ�RZzgçÑC˜XVÃæÃgnpƒñZÌJ-¬x:i!*yÆjZáÐt D¸]%A$K‰÷:
Ò^+ßrnßä( (…æ‡Ú†æ7 Î^ÚçŒ]ÖË’^ukmÃßo]…�æ‡e^áÒoÒ`^æiç7(Úv^æ…æ7 /ÿ{mîg6,¹ÆZk{~T»ÄZy:LLi!*yZzgÕÆ¡¬]óóìþZi:ûgZºW!*Š~Ô¦·úŠgç~Ô3791Y
X …æanØÒãß;]…�æÖÇkE…]ݵç…Òoe1iÓ×ÌÂç]ÚoeçÙ2^ÙÒ1]ÖË^ÁD /F,çzZŸ±9991Y Zi:gKgZx7g~Ô6991YÔ! ]æÖnà]…�æ‰×nß-ÖÇk /
0*gNÔ6002Y gƒs]ö…�æ‰×nß-ÖÇk /‡Ì©[Ô6102Y
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
70
uç]Öäq^læuç]�o
F,KMzo: Ô)5Š‹:gZm,ã�Û°/g~ZsòZk,ZyÔ5991Y(Ô Ê³†aß-ôÖŠ^á]Ö�Æ] ¬ÔÔ 1X2+k,Z£Ôm75
m01Ô11 Ô)ZsxW!*Š:Çg{òi!*yÔ6891Y(Ô Òj^en^lôÖÇ^lô]…�æ Z1Gy÷á{˜y7g~Ô 2XÔ)уg:âwígÔ7781Y(Ô ‡e³‚³é]Ö³×Ç^l]ÖÛÆæÍeäÖÇ^lô‰†æ…p Ýxuzgуg~Ô 3X
«Z÷á®)ÔuzgttߦgZgŠz]J-özŠ7åXZôm,~ÆZ’Zð¸]~ÌLLZq-4i!*yÃÒy™ 4X
)ØZ@(¬xîg6,ZdZôm,~®0*gzVÐàYC‰X¹Zq-Z(fg=å äÆaVBTÅi!*y4+ZzgŠg„¦gÅYC¶Xóó)ZñÔ2002YÔm14(gz~CÙö)aZö:1391Y(
Æ�gÕŠzV~ÑgHY@*ìXZ,Vä ]æó]póJpE]æÒŠ³Ë³†J]Þ³,×n�JÒ�߆pD
ZkeÖ~6,W™Dƒñqgzfsï]7K:)N*Zßk,~<Ô2891Y(óó erroneous LL tZq-?m,~¹ì:āÂr3§öG
EXOVpZÖpÆZN[Zzg‰Æ‚t Xi
gZñ)û{(rZChBXX%÷zÍg+ZŠZgÆcz»g¸ZzgZkeÖ~~@*g]öÆÚø~¯g{zgei ii
¸T$÷X)Z%2791YJ-(XZk~÷„Zôm,~Ãúc*VF,ߊ~ˆìX iii
XZk»ic*Š{F,ñZŠLL’k,~i!*yóóÆ–g}6,ì:āLL½k,~i!*yóó6,X iv
ÆŠzu}<ÅF,KM~gZ',^1g±©5ÓåE
GH)3291YX4002Y(à ]æó]póJp 7591Y~¬zyÆaŠú]Š~ˆX1g±©5Óå
EGHäƒÐic*Š{Zk!*]Å@*GÅāZyZŸ¯V~
gzi%{Zzg1wewÅi!*yZzgZExÅZ˜q]Ã÷áïƒ**e454èXGGXZkÆ´z{Ô1g±©5Óå E
GH
äZ0+gY]»ŠZ],{'×h+(,JŠc*Z#Z,VäZÖ~1àYäzZàZôm,~Æ´z{ÔÑàZ%MÔEi~CÔW7´Ô†!Z�ÛiÔyz*yÔ0*ÎyZzgP&454è GEGJEÅZôm,~Ì÷áï™ä
Å O) ]æó]póJp »µ/‚tg3Xtx6,z�Zû)92(‚w~åƒZXOVpF,KM~t!*]{mîgæÃg¿ˆāZ0+gZY]ZzgØZ@Ôi!*yÆÓxuâñÐ�ÛZëKYNX}:Ãå…ÔßuŒÔeZóÔóg‚bz){X
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
71
Zi:uZ`Z{yWgizÔ)™Zc:Z³F,¹QgŠz0*ÎyÔ Þ³³ç]�…]ŸÖ³Ë³³^Á( ¦†ZvÔl): 5Ô6X2991Y(Ô%ûÔ…3üELŠzxÔm61ZsÔm833 7XZsÔm144 8XZsÔm244 9XZsÔm59 01X
Ô)~:ÒâwígÔ5481Y(Ôm441 …‰^ÖäÎç]‚ô‘†ÍæÞvçô]…�æ 4ðÔ Zâxj 11XÔ):}.ZjZzg@êÑ$k,~Ô5481Y(Ô%A$: Ú³í³ˆáôʳç]ñ‚ *iZá«ŠŠ~Ô 21X
m863 ·fZ™@ÔÔ)уg:%œ/~ZgŠz1geÔ7791Y(Ô¢ZzwÔm456 ʆaß-ôa‘Ënä ¦Z£ŠŠ~Ô 31X
Ô7791YÔ¢ŠzxÔm26 ʆaß-ôa‘Ënä 41XÔ7791YÔ¢ÎxÔm402 ʆaß-ôa‘Ënä 51XÔ7791YÔ¢ÎxÔm204 ʆaß-ôa‘Ënä 61X
ÔzŠ{:5981Y)уg:º[-Eg;Ô0102Y(Ô¢ÎxÔ%û: ]Ún³³†]Ö³×dz^l Ô Z÷Z£Z÷fð 71Xgƒs0*gNÔm94Z1ZÎœjÔyz*ã¤/ZÎÔZi:
#-A.èEE
EEc}Ô)уg:>F,¹èZŠ[Ô7791Y(Ô%ûÔm23 81X19. Fallon, S.W, A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, (Banaras
and London: Medical Hall press, 1879), P. i
20. Ibid, P. vi
21. Ibid, P. ii-iii
'×h+¥â]Æa5±Ù: 22X]ÞnŠ³çm³6‘‚pÒo]…�æÖÇkÞçmŠoÚn6]�eoƒæÑ gZ�*î
GGZāzsÆZ*XZ}»£!:Ô)уg:%ZgŠzÔº[-ãzg;Ô8002Y( Ò1�ç]a‚
23. A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, P. iv
Ô)уg:>èF,¹èZŠ[Ô7691Y(Ô¢ZzwÔ%û:�· Ò³×n³^lôÞ%³†ôu³^Öo Z®s@qà"Ô 42XZ\.š5ÿG0*ãìÔm551
Ô)»y7g:-ˆ~Ô ‰³Ãn³‚pJÒ�³ß³†pڳó†æÍe³³ä‰Ãn‚]Ö×Ç^l ¡a©~Ôā: 52X0491Y(ÔŠzu~Z÷á®)
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
72
)9002Y(Æ™ ]…�æÖÇkÞ,^…pW…æ]mk]æ…]…iÏ^ð t¥â]eZË2+k,WiZŠÅÂ[: 62X�491Ðq݃NX¨gÔ!*]ìā¡a©~äL\<å INXzVóÃ&zgzVÆfs~÷áïHìXZ#ā 72X
)%A$:¦Z£ŠŠ~Ô7791YÔ¢ZzwÔm403(~Lß{ó!*iZg~Æ|x ʳ†aß-ôa‘Ënä
~LZ†Jƒ**ó 2981YÔ¢ŠzxÔm942( )%û:Z÷fðÔ ]Ún³³³†]Ö³³×³Ç³³³^l ~Cc*ŠHìc*ßzVÅZ˜b-VCðˆì:
ZzgßvÌ1wYD÷X ê %‰XZÝ~\<å INXzVÅZ˜bìXøZë ZZZZ††††JJJJƒƒƒƒ‰‰‰‰::::)¡a©~ä!*iZg-VÆfs~–ìÔm3(ªðhZ¹�ÛtÆ‚BL\<å INX{óßvÌ!*iZg~Æ|x~WY@*ìX
74 0391Y(Ôm Ô)»y7gÔ-ˆ~Ô e^‡]…p‡e^áæ]‘_¡u^lôµn�äæ…]á ¡a©~Ô 82XZsÔm31 13X ZsÔm94 03X ZsÔm7 92XZsÔm11 43X ZsÔm4 33X ZsÔm61 23XZsÔm84 73X ZsÔm2 63X ZsÔm64 53XZsÔm6 04X ZsÔm2 93X ZsÔm5 83X
m6 ZsÔ 34X m2 ZsÔ 24X m2 ZsÔ 14Xm31 ZsÔ 64X m5 ZsÔ 54X m4 ZsÔ 44X
m11 ZsÔ 15Ô25Ô35X m01 ZsÔ 84Ô94Ô05X m5 ZsÔ 74Xm4 ZsÔ 75Ô85X m3 ZsÔ 65X m4 ZsÔ 45Ô55X
31 ZsÔm 36X m8 ZsÔ 06Ô16Ô26X m7 ZsÔ 95X
5 86Ô96Ô07XZsÔm 4 ZsÔm 66Ô76X 3 ZsÔm 46Ô56X11 ZsÔm 57X 9 27Ô37Ô47XZsÔm 8 ZsÔm 17X61 ZsÔm 87X 5 ZsÔm 77X 2 ZsÔm 67Xm5 ZsÔ 18Ô28X m73 ZsÔ 08X 4 ZsÔm 97X
m9 58Ô68Ô78XZsÔ m8 ZsÔ 48X m7 ZsÔ 38Xm11 ZsÔ 98X m01 ZsÔ 88X
t&+Z]èpŠe{óñçqìāZnqÃ*¸Šzg~£g~i!*yÐ!*CÙ™™gŠWc* 09X’k,zV~ZyÆZEwÐZA[HY@*åX
m7 ZsÔ 39Ô49X m6 ZsÔ 29X m2 ZsÔ 19X
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
73
m2 ZsÔ 79X m14 ZsÔ 69X m9 ZsÔ 59Xm9 ZsÔ 001X m8 ZsÔ 99X m4 ZsÔ 89Xm7 301Ô401XZsÔ m4 ZsÔ 201X m01 ZsÔ 101Xm5 ZsÔ 801X m61 ZsÔ 601Ô701X m2 ZsÔ 501Xm7 ZsÔ 411X m6 ZsÔ 211Ô311X m61 ZsÔ 901Ô011Ô111X
m03 ZsÔ 711X m22 ZsÔ 611X m8 ZsÔ 511X
m31 ZsÔ 021Ô121X m8 ZsÔ 911X m2 ZsÔ 811X
m6 ZsÔ 521X m3 ZsÔ 321Ô421X m73 ZsÔ 221X
m9 ZsÔ 821X m11 ZsÔ 721X m61 ZsÔ 621X
m01 ZsÔ 131X m2 ZsÔ 031X m01 ZsÔ 921X
m92 ZsÔ 431X m6 ZsÔ 331X m2 ZsÔ 231X
m93 ZsÔ 731X m01 ZsÔ 631X m8 ZsÔ 531X
m31 ZsÔ 831X
Zk'Å»g~~H)™yFg)%ÃgÓÔ�|-ãzg;Ô©gW!*Š0*Îy(ÐÀ: 931XæŠBZ#āZkÆŠzgZyÔZyÆÃFZJ**]ƒgì¸XZyÅ"uNyƒVXZôm,~¸]~¬x:¹ÆjZáÐ!‰Z}»ª¹ÑgHY@*ìXZk¹Æ¬Zi+c 041X)5271Y(»uzgt5±Ù:)â^:ÓxZÖp»Z5Â[Æ_.’k,HŠHì(
A New canting dictionary: Comprehending All the
Terms, Ancient and Modern, Used in the Several
Tr ibes of Gyps ies , Beggars , Shopl i f t ers ,
Highwaymen, Foot-pads and all other Clans of
Cheats And Villains. Interspersed With Proverbs,
Phrases, Figurative Speeches, &c. Being a
Complete Collection of all that has been publish'd
of that Kind. With very large additions of Words
never before made Publick. Detecting under cash
Head or Order, the Several Tricks or Pranks made
use of by Varies of all Denominations and the fore
useful for all sorts of people (especially Travelers
and foreigners) to enable them to secure their
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
74
money and preserve their lives. With a preface,
giving an account of the original, progress, &c. of
the canting crew; and recommending methods for
diminishing these varlets, by better employment
of the poor. To which is added a complete
collection of songs in the canting dialect.
Æ**x ]cʳ†‰³8JÒ�³ß†pa͉×nß-VUURMð Zk¹ÃYy\)4jè FE)aZö:3591Y(ä
Ðo™Æ0102Y~1eÅ54èJ
GEÑ$k,~Ð÷áù™zZc*XÔ)ZsxW!*Š:Çg{òi!*yÔZÆ',0002Y(Ñg{01Ôm5 ]ìf^…ô]…�æ ÷áyZ/SÔi!*yÆ£g»XÔ!: 141X
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
75
iÃ×nÏ^l
)7181X0881Y(®~aZƒñXß/·g~Z5x]¸Xz{ ZZZZööööeeeeÚÚÚÚ¢¢¢¢5555ÒÒÒÒèèèèEEEE
GGGGEEEE /)6621ó~B9481Y ]ìf³^…]ÖvÏ^ñÐ ¼Z¶gZ]Zzgg‚bÆæk,ZdÌgìX‰:)ÍèZZ:5721ó~B ìn³³³³†ì³³ç]åô쳳׳³Ð / Ðá™0721ó~B3581YJ-(
)øx6721ó~B�Ñð9581YÐá™# åÞ³^Úäi^…mîôeÇ^ælôaß‚ â/ 8581Y(7721ó~BZ~0681YJ-(
)9861YX6571Y(X�Zã~ÍZ1g~£ŠZgHgƒñX uuuuZZZZ`ZZZZ−−−−++++ZZZZ{{{{yyyyWWWWggggiiiizzzz /)0571Y(ZyÅ)©à»g**)ìT~«%û©]ZzgÃgÏÆ� Ú%³³³Û³³³³†
ZÑßwƒä»Ãt7HåX»rZi+ñ ]æÒŠ³Ë³†J]Þ³,³×³�JÒ�߆p )3291X4002Y( ggggZZZZ'''',,,,^zzzz´xxxx1111gggg±±±±©©©©5555ÓÓÓÓåååå
EEEEGGGGHHHH /
)1791YÐ6891YJ-(Ú³³³‚æq³³ˆ…ô]‰³³¡Ý )7381YX4191Y(XZyÅ�g@*c]: ññññÑÑÑÑ********ZZZZ®®®®ssss@@@@qqqqàààà"""" /
)3981Y( ÚÏ‚Úä�Ææ�^†p )9781Y(Zzg ÚÆæÍeäÚŠ‚Œu^Öo
)4771X8581Y(æ¹i!*âVÔ{mîg6,²!ÆâCÙZzggZbT~»Ò YYYYyyyyJJJJùùùù /]…�æ]Þ³,³×³³³�]m³ß³;]Þ³,׳³�]…�æ âgß~æ¹i!*âVÆ6,zW¸XZyÅ
«!*g7181Y~÷áùƒZX JÒ�߆p
e³^Éæe`^… )8971YX8681Y(ßy~å»ÒÆ6,zW¸� eeeeZZZZËËËËeeee&&&&½½½½èèèèEEEEEEEEÃÃÃÃgggg÷÷÷÷ /
a³ß³‚æ‰j³^Þ³o!]Þ,†mˆpJÒ�߆p ÆRZi+cÆaà]gnp÷XZyÅÌ÷áïìÔßyЫ ]Þ,†mˆp!aß‚æ‰j^ÞoJÒ�߆p T~Zk»@ª
!*g4621ó~B8481Y~÷áùƒðX)0441YX8151Y(qÛLÆ**xÐY**Y@*ìZq-¬gs¸XÆ LLLLŠŠŠŠZZZZkkkk /
Šzì¹�g÷X)9371YX0381Y(Xz{i0+ÏÆCÙ)bÃZK÷á²~»ñçq¯DX nnnnZZZZººººWWWW!!!!****ŠŠŠŠ~~~~ /
OVpZyÃZgŠz»ªúZò÷á²tHYYìX�³³³†|ôe³³ç‰j³³^á(�³³†|ô XZyż@*c]: ;;;;²²²²~~~~++++ÔÔÔÔ††††ZZZZßßßßZZZZ''''jjjj////{{{{ØØØØ /
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á
76
mç‰Ìæ‡Öní^ñ1q^Úo(ʆaß-ô�†|]Ÿ‰Û^ð(ÚÏ^Ú^l(…‰^ÖäÂf‚]Öç]‰Ä
XZq-Zk,ZãZe°»(£4lçG
GEèÃg{Â[ (�‰j³ç…ôʳ^…‰oEm^Îç]‚ô‡e^áôÊ^…‰oD
Š2gèÃgÏÅoìڳϳ‚Ú³ä(i³’³vnxæiv�näÎç]‚ô‡e^áô Ô)4102Y(Ô ZZZZ1111ffffggggZZZZAAAAcccc****gggg~~~~¾¾¾¾ZZZZ����yyyy /
ÔZ*ŠgZÉ:ŠÄZZºZ£~ŠZgZãÔŠZø—{ZŠÒ]zExZKãÔŠZøÇ{ ʳ³³³³^…‰³³³³o
ZšyÔZšyX()aZö:1391Y(:Àò—*]ÆZ\F6,zW Roy Harris ) ggggzzzz}}}}CCCCÙÙÙÙöööö /
ÔZz±i«çEe-ãzg;~X‚B‚B;8-»8-Ô!*:yÔ6,öÔW71Zzg†!Z�Ûi~
�p )8991Y(Ô �pÖn³³ß³³,³³çm³³sÚnj³³³³> —*]7,J`÷XZyż@*c]:)4002Y(X Önß,ç‰9ÔaÍaŠ9†p
������
Y2020 i^qçá qßç…p ● 1 �Û^…å Ô 36 qׂ
ISSN: 1726-9067 , E-ISSN: 1816-3424 ● )ZgŠz( 9Wsg^a
Website: http://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk ‡m†ô]ajÛ^ÝV�Ãfä]ö…�æ(e`^ð]Ö‚mà‡Ò†m^mçÞnç…‰9oÚ×j^á