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8/9/2019 07 Making Agrarian Reform Work - Dr. Ernesto M. Ordonez
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Ernesto Ordoez, PhD3 February 2010
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Outline of the Paper
History--Why Agrarian Reform?
CARP Accomplishment: Taking Stock
--Role of Support Services Success Story
--Cost and Fund Sources
Importance of Organization Recommendation
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History
Philippines as an agricultural country
History of revolts rooted on land
44 land reform laws passed Only 2 have provision for services
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Why Agrarian Reform?
Agrarian reform important for development
Justice
Poverty
Productivity
Food Security
Support from
United Nations World Bank
Asian Development Bank
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CARP Accomplishment: Taking
StockCARP Land Acquisition and Distribution Accomplishment, 2008
Source: DAR as cited in Flores-Obanil (unpublished draft, 2008)
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CARP Accomplishment: Taking
StockComparative Income of ARB and non-ARB Households,2006
FARMERS INCOMES
YEAR ARBHOUSEHOLD
NON-ARBHOUSEHOLD
% DIFFERENCE
1990 P4,776 P3,544 34%
2000 P16,008 P11,257 42%
2006 P18,852 P15,594 21%
Source: Asia Pacific Policy Center
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CARP Accomplishment: Taking Stoc
77.5% accomplished in private agricultural landdistribution
83.7% in public land distribution andstewardship
Reservation on land distribution
Reservation on income increase
Making Agrarian Reform Work, Ernesto Ordoez PhD, Alyansa Agrikultura 7
Focused on ARCs, which cover only 40% of ARBs
Only 1 of 10 ARBs have CLOAs
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Role of Support Services
Support services key to agrarian reform
CARP Impact Assessment Report 2000, Celia
Reyes and UPLB
CARP Impact Assessment Report 2006, Asia
Pacific Policy Center
Other CARP impact studies in 2006: Cielito
Habito, GTZ and DAR ARC Strategy Successful
But less than 1/3 of ARBs have supportservices
Making Agrarian Reform Work, Ernesto Ordoez PhD, Alyansa Agrikultura 8
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Success Story
Agrarian Reform Infrastructure SupportProgram (ARISP)
Infrastructure development
Institutional strengthening
Income increase
Luzon 29%
Visayas 78% Mindanao 38%
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Success Story
ARISP
Primarily a Right-based program
Reinforces the strategy of focusing scare
resources in specific communities to maximize
impact
Interventions are integrated: production, training,
marketing, and financing Puts a premium on peoples participation
Inclusive rather than exclusive
Both process and results oriented
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Cost and Fund Sources
ARISP: P68,000 per ARB
4.3 year payback, 23% annual return
Higher than P23,000 allocation in law
P19B annual addition is 1/3 of DA budget
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Fund Sources
DA
Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund
(ACEF)
Land Bank
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Importance of Organization
Organizing achieves economies of scale withagrarian reform
Anchor Approach (Octopus Analogy) Models
Clustering
Leaseback
Cooperative
Individual farmer-entrepreneur with marketing
contract
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Recommendation
Several successes, but many failures: needsrevamp Many farmers are worse off than before
ARCs cover only 40% of ARBs
Only 30% of ARBs get support services 35% ARBs have already lost their land titles
Only 1 out of 10 ARBs have individual CLOAs
Support services essential
Minimum: replace landowner support services
DA responsible for services and resources
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Recommendation
Successful Models with Economies of ScaleReplicated
Implement Alyansa Agrikultura
recommendation Fast track completion of true agrarian reform
This should be accompanied by the necessary
support services so that the farmers are better off
rather than worse off than before.
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- END -